838:
648:
2786:
38:
679:
1365:
900:
1520:
931:
775:
1179:
965:
1706:
1458:
1117:
617:
1272:
807:
421:
1303:
1551:
1055:
1023:
710:
869:
1675:
1427:
1334:
2780:
1086:
988:
1489:
1210:
1241:
1644:
1582:
741:
1613:
1396:
1148:
1866:, which it claims refers to the same four-year period. However, it indicates these quadrennia in calendar years, starting with the first year after the Summer Olympics and ending with the year the next Olympics are held. This would suggest a more precise period of four years, but, for example, the 2001–2004 Quadrennium would then not be exactly the same period as the
1893:
at a special congress in Paris in 1906, and the first official programme was presented during the 1912 Games in
Stockholm. These competitions were also named the "Pentathlon of the Muses", as their purpose was to bring artists to present their work and compete for "art" medals across five categories:
1888:
is a concept protected by the
International Olympic Committee and may be used only within the limits defined by an Organizing Committee for the Olympic Games. From one Games to the next, the scale of the Cultural Olympiad varies considerably, sometimes involving activity over the entire Olympiad and
1849:
th Winter
Olympiad", perhaps believing it to be the correct formal name for the Winter Games by analogy with that of the Summer Games. Indeed, at least one IOC-published article has applied this nomenclature as well. This analogy is sometimes extended further by media references to "Summer
1753:
Nonetheless, the count of the
Olympiads continued: The 1936 Games were those of the XI Olympiad, while the next Summer Games were those of 1948, which were the Games of the XIV Olympiad. The current Olympiad is the XXXIII of the modern era, which began on 1 January 2024.
252:
about 432 BC, the start of the games was determined slightly differently. Within each olympiad, time was reckoned by referring to its 1st, 2nd, 3rd, or 4th year. Ancient writers sometimes describe their
Olympiads as lasting five years but do so by
1745:
This means that the count of the
Olympiads continues, even if Olympic Games are cancelled: For instance, the regular intervals would have meant (summer) Olympic Games should have occurred in 1940 and 1944, but both were cancelled due to
1853:
However, the IOC does not seem to make an official distinction between
Olympiads for the summer and winter games, and such usage, particularly for the Winter Olympics, is inconsistent with the numbering discussed above.
2309:
551:, records of the games are so scanty that historians are not certain whether after 261 they were still held every four years. Some winners were recorded though, until the 293rd and last Olympiad of
2684:
2411:
358:. Nevertheless, since for events of the early history of the games the reckoning was used in retrospect, some of the dates given by later historian for events before the 5th century
2607:
2500:
2358:
203:
153:
1949:
The
English term is still often used popularly to indicate the games themselves, a usage that is uncommon in ancient Greek (as an Olympiad is most often the time period
1742:
The modern
Olympiad is a period of four years: the first Olympiad started on 1 January 1896, and an Olympiad starts on 1 January of the years evenly divisible by four.
2246:
1974:
462:
specifically. In Book 1 chapter 75 Dionysius states: "...Romulus, the first ruler of the city, began his reign in the first year of the seventh
Olympiad, when
565:
outlawed the games at Olympia as pagan. Though it would have been possible to continue the reckoning by just counting four-year periods, by the middle of the
2600:
2551:
714:
2268:
2005:
is used to indicate a regular event of international competition for top achieving participants; it does not necessarily indicate a four-year period.
3138:
212:. Thus, the modern Olympiad I began 1 January 1896, Olympiad II began 1 January 1900, and so on. Olympiad XXXIII began 1 January 2024. Because the
2593:
1890:
1879:
2408:
2341:
2310:"IOC, IPC, Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee and Tokyo Metropolitan Government announce new dates for the Olympic and Paralympic Games Tokyo 2020"
37:
2528:
2145:
3107:
483:
2366:
108:
in the Proleptic Julian calendar, and to treat it as Year 1 of Olympiad 1. Olympiad 2 began with the next games in the summer of 772
1978:
1966:
1970:
2858:
1902:
1838:, it was postponed to 2021 rather than cancelled, and thus becoming the first postponement in the 124-year history of the Olympics.
2290:
1962:
2385:
1958:
329:
1897:
Nowadays, while there are no competitions as such, cultural and artistic practice is displayed via the Cultural Olympiad. The
3364:
2931:
1994:
332:
allowed Greek historians to use the Olympiads as a way of reckoning time that did not depend on the various calendars of the
2240:
429:
Early historians sometimes used the names of Olympic victors as a method of dating events to a specific year. For instance,
99:
but disagreed on how many; the convention was established to place Coroebus's victory at a time equivalent to the summer of
3112:
257:; in fact each comprised a four year period. For example, the first year of Olympiad 140 began in the summer of 220
3067:
3047:
2993:
2878:
2714:
205:
and ended four years later. By extrapolation, the 4th year of the 700th Olympiad begins roughly around 2 August 2024.
208:
In reference to the modern Olympics, their Olympiads are four year periods beginning on January 1 of the year of the
2734:
2719:
2657:
2636:
1938:
1922:
1910:
479:
456:. Since Rome was founded on April 21, which was in the last half of the ancient Olympic year, it would be 751
443:
2262:
2888:
2699:
2560:
1914:
2580:
3374:
531:
Though the games were held without interruption, on more than one occasion they were held by others than the
3148:
2926:
2828:
2744:
2739:
393:
1889:
other times emphasizing specific periods within it. Baron Pierre de Coubertin established the principle of
328:
had been generally accepted. The panhellenic nature of the games, their regular schedule, and the improved
3379:
3369:
1906:
92:
2111:
1953:
and including sets of games). It is also used to indicate international competitions other than physical
3301:
842:
652:
65:
2125:
2334:
437:
3128:
3042:
2868:
2729:
1986:
1934:
1918:
1898:
1867:
1827:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1765:
1758:
1732:
1724:
1686:
1655:
1624:
1593:
1562:
1531:
1500:
1469:
1438:
1407:
1376:
1345:
1314:
1283:
1252:
1221:
1190:
1159:
1128:
1097:
1066:
1035:
1000:
942:
911:
880:
849:
818:
787:
752:
721:
690:
659:
628:
597:
403:
377:
209:
170:
120:
3338:
3133:
2988:
2853:
2805:
2674:
463:
345:
314:) is now entirely lost, it apparently formed the basis of all later Olympic dating. By the time of
240:
Each olympiad started with the holding of the games, which originally began on the first or second
420:
3313:
3087:
3011:
2941:
2186:
487:
447:
369:
254:
217:
88:
384:. Christian chroniclers continued to use this Greek system of dating as a way of synchronizing
3161:
3026:
2843:
2524:
2141:
2089:
1998:
1835:
621:
3306:
3052:
3031:
2983:
2946:
2759:
2222:
2133:
1982:
469:
319:
96:
31:
3037:
3016:
2848:
2820:
2415:
2013:
969:
287:
245:
213:
84:
80:
42:
269:. After the 2nd, 3rd, and 4th years of Olympiad 140, the games in the summer of 216
2545:
2381:
3333:
3092:
3082:
3021:
2978:
2810:
2800:
2769:
2669:
2641:
2460:
2032:
2017:
2009:
1990:
1926:
1574:
1555:
1550:
1059:
1054:
1027:
1022:
709:
341:
337:
76:
53:
2204:
30:
This article is about the Olympic Games. For the American thoroughbred racehorse, see
3358:
3220:
3171:
3156:
3102:
2873:
2709:
2704:
2620:
2517:
2284:
1679:
1674:
1431:
1426:
1338:
1333:
904:
899:
779:
683:
678:
434:
249:
69:
2570:
161:
and ended four years later. For N greater than or equal to 195, Olympiad N began in
3318:
3205:
3200:
3195:
3182:
2921:
2077:
1909:
with the London 2012 Festival in the host city, and events elsewhere including the
1796:
1747:
1307:
1302:
1245:
1240:
935:
562:
558:
509:
315:
232: 1, the cycle of modern Olympiads is ahead of the ancient cycle by one year.
95:. Ancient authors agreed that other Olympics had been held before the race won by
2585:
17:
3328:
3323:
2968:
2951:
2883:
2863:
2749:
2631:
2456:
2062:
1667:
1369:
1364:
1326:
1202:
892:
873:
868:
566:
548:
389:
365:
349:
117:
Thus, for N less than 195, Olympiad N is reckoned as having started in the year
2428:
3343:
3296:
3280:
3166:
3072:
2893:
2754:
2724:
2662:
2465:
2433:
2137:
486:
consuls, and the Eleians celebrated the Seventy-fifth Olympiad, that in which
430:
333:
1841:
Some media people have from time to time referred to a particular (e.g., the
290:
was the first writer to compile a comprehensive list of the Olympic victors (
3240:
3077:
2961:
2936:
2916:
2833:
2785:
2779:
2764:
2574:
1930:
1710:
1705:
1462:
1457:
1388:
1121:
1116:
1109:
861:
733:
671:
241:
27:
Period of four years associated with the Olympic Games of the Ancient Greeks
539:(non-Olympics), but it is assumed the winners were nevertheless recorded.
433:
says in his account of the year 428 BC: "It was the Olympiad in which the
3275:
3097:
3003:
2903:
2694:
2689:
1698:
1264:
1078:
978:
513:
505:
494:. It was in this year that king Xerxes made his campaign against Greece."
409:
3270:
3260:
3190:
3062:
2973:
2838:
2571:
The Origin of the Olympics: Ancient Calendars and the Race Against Time
1727:
are more correctly referred to as the Games of the Olympiad. The first
1512:
1419:
1090:
1085:
992:
987:
930:
811:
806:
799:
774:
532:
381:
284:
2126:"Imagining Olympia: Hippias of Elis and the First Olympic Victor List"
3265:
3215:
3210:
1776:. (The first Winter Games were termed as "Olympic" in a later year.)
1728:
1648:
1643:
1586:
1581:
1543:
1493:
1488:
1481:
1450:
1295:
1276:
1271:
1233:
1214:
1209:
1047:
1013:
923:
837:
765:
745:
740:
702:
647:
616:
609:
512:
to year 3 of Olympiad 194, the 42nd year of the reign of the emperor
497:
100:
2340:. International Olympic Committee. October 2007. Bye-law to Rule 6.
64:) is a period of four years, particularly those associated with the
2519:
Chronology of the Ancient World (Aspects of Greek & Roman Life)
3245:
3057:
2956:
2911:
2037:
1954:
1636:
1617:
1612:
1605:
1524:
1519:
1400:
1395:
1357:
1183:
1178:
1171:
1152:
1147:
964:
955:
830:
640:
501:
385:
2396:
The XXI Winter Olympiad was to be the first 'social media Games'.
3250:
3235:
3225:
2679:
2616:
1761:
does not count Olympiads, it counts only the Games themselves.
1140:
466:
at Athens was in the first year of his ten-year term as archon."
2589:
2544:
3230:
450:
to the first year of the seventh Olympiad, 752 & 751
2130:
A Tall Order: Writing the Social History of the Ancient World
305:
291:
2685:
International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service
2523:(2nd sub ed.), Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press,
1973:
and their associated national qualifying tests (e.g., the
1731:
to announce the games using this term was the one for the
1894:
architecture, music, literature, sculpture and painting.
372:
summarized the events of each Olympiad in a book called
478:: "Calliades was archon in Athens, and the Romans made
2429:"World Shakespeare Festival tickets go on public sale"
91:
that the first recorded Olympic contest was used as a
75:
Although the ancient Olympics were established during
173:
123:
83:
that a consistent list was established and not until
1929:
promising "secret" and "spontaneous" events such as
3289:
3180:
3147:
3121:
3002:
2902:
2819:
2793:
2650:
1937:in Tokyo were planned before being canceled due to
2516:
1941:. Instead, an alternative virtual event was held.
1925:; there was no published programme, with director
1757:Note, however, that the official numbering of the
396:compiled a list of Olympic victors up to 217
197:
147:
472:dates the Persian invasion of Greece to 480
1981:), and also events in mind-sports, such as the
1815:, and on the resumption of the Winter Games in
2264:The Library of History - Book XI Chapters 1-19
1975:United States of America Mathematical Olympiad
2601:
2242:The Roman Antiquities - Book 1 Chapters 72-90
2072:
2070:
8:
1969:, International Forensics Olympiad, and the
388:events with Greek and Roman history. In the
275:would begin the first year of Olympiad 141.
2303:
2301:
1862:Some Olympic Committees often use the term
2608:
2594:
2586:
2461:"Rio 2016: The 'secret' Cultural Olympiad"
2308:IOC Media Relations Team (30 March 2020).
2132:, Berlin: B.G. Teubner, pp. 319–356,
576:
402:, and this list has been preserved in the
2172:
2160:
1921:Cultural Olympiad was scaled back due to
1845:th) Winter Olympics as "the Games of the
172:
122:
3139:International Commission on Stratigraphy
1764:For example, the first Winter Games, in
419:
263:and lasted until the middle of 219
36:
2407:USOC Quadrennial Congressional Report,
2104:
2054:
1880:Art competitions at the Summer Olympics
376:; fragments survive in the work of the
344:.) The first to do so consistently was
2581:Hellenic Month Established Per Athens
2555:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). 1911.
2024:) is the correct term for the games.
1737:Call to the games of the Xth Olympiad
7:
2239:of Halicarnassus, Dionysius (1937),
1977:, the USA Forensics Olympiad or the
1735:, in Los Angeles, using the phrase:
2092:postponed the Olympics by one year.
1979:United Kingdom Linguistics Olympiad
1967:International Mathematical Olympiad
569:reckoning by Olympiads had ceased.
516:, which equates to the year 2
2347:from the original on Nov 16, 2022.
1971:International Linguistics Olympiad
1933:. Cultural events in time for the
1795:Summer Games were canceled due to
535:. The Eleians declared such games
416:Examples of Ancient Olympiad dates
25:
2859:Discrete time and continuous time
2293:from the original on Feb 25, 2024
2267:, University of Chicago, 11.1.2,
1903:Cultural Olympiad Digital Edition
2784:
2778:
2271:from the original on 17 Jul 2012
2249:from the original on 14 Jul 2012
2224:History of the Peloponnesian War
1963:International Geography Olympiad
1770:Winter Games of the VII Olympiad
1704:
1673:
1642:
1611:
1580:
1549:
1518:
1487:
1456:
1425:
1394:
1363:
1332:
1301:
1270:
1239:
1208:
1177:
1146:
1115:
1084:
1053:
1021:
986:
963:
929:
898:
867:
836:
805:
773:
739:
708:
677:
646:
615:
504:translation of the Chronicle of
248:. After the introduction of the
2386:International Olympic Committee
2245:, University of Chicago, 1.75,
1959:international science olympiads
1834:. On 24 March 2020, due to the
1819:, the event was designated the
198:{\displaystyle (4\times N)-779}
148:{\displaystyle 780-(4\times N)}
2932:History of timekeeping devices
2036:) is also the name of some 60
1995:International History Olympiad
1939:pandemic restrictions in Japan
1907:an extensive Cultural Olympiad
424:A relief of the Greek Olympiad
186:
174:
142:
130:
1:
2380:Kendall, Nigel (2011-04-08).
1905:. The 2012 Olympics included
484:Proculus Verginius Tricostus
364:are very unreliable. In the
2879:Gravitational time dilation
2715:Barycentric Coordinate Time
2515:Bickerman, Elias J (1980),
2495:Liddell, Scott, and Jones,
1901:in Vancouver presented the
1832:Games of the XXXII Olympiad
440:gained his second victory."
3396:
2735:Geocentric Coordinate Time
2720:Barycentric Dynamical Time
2658:Coordinated Universal Time
2573:(2002) on OneReed.com, an
2359:"Olympic Games Chronology"
2261:Siculus, Diodorus (1946),
2088:Celebrated in 2021 as the
2076:Not celebrated because of
2061:Not celebrated because of
1911:World Shakespeare Festival
1877:
444:Dionysius of Halicarnassus
352:in the third century
306:
292:
29:
2889:Time-translation symmetry
2776:
2700:International Atomic Time
2627:
2138:10.1515/9783110931419.319
2124:Christesen, Paul (2012),
1805:Games of the XIV Olympiad
950:
947:
941:
57:
2191:, Terlullian, p. 97
2008:In some languages, like
1891:Olympic Art Competitions
1785:Games of the XI Olympiad
1768:, are not designated as
220:go directly from 1
3149:Astronomical chronology
3122:Archaeology and geology
2829:Absolute space and time
2745:IERS Reference Meridian
2740:International Date Line
2651:International standards
2552:Encyclopædia Britannica
2501:s.v. Ὀλυμπιάς, A. II. 1
2497:A Greek-English Lexicon
2040:set in Ancient Greece.
1870:, which was 2000–2003.
1813:IV Winter Olympic Games
1799:, the Games resumed in
394:Sextus Julius Africanus
322:'s victory to 776
312:Olympionikō̂n Anagraphḗ
2209:, Attalus, p. 193
2021:
1821:V Winter Olympic Games
1774:I Winter Olympic Games
425:
199:
149:
45:
3365:Ancient Olympic Games
3108:Weekday determination
2994:Sundial markup schema
508:, dates the birth of
423:
307:Ὀλυμπιονικῶν Ἀναγραφή
200:
150:
40:
3129:Chronological dating
2869:Theory of relativity
2730:Daylight saving time
2486:Culture360.asef.org
2286:Chronological Tables
1935:2020 Summer Olympics
1899:2010 Winter Olympics
1733:1932 Summer Olympics
255:counting inclusively
171:
121:
77:Greece's Archaic Era
70:modern Olympic Games
3339:Time value of money
3134:Geologic time scale
2989:History of sundials
2854:Cosmological decade
2806:Greenwich Mean Time
2637:Orders of magnitude
2561:The Olympiad System
557: 393. In 394,
488:Astylus of Syracuse
218:Gregorian calendars
79:, it was not until
41:Stadium at ancient
3314:Mental chronometry
2942:Marine chronometer
2794:Obsolete standards
2414:2011-07-28 at the
2382:"Community Spirit"
1987:Mindsport Olympiad
1923:Brazil's recession
448:foundation of Rome
426:
370:Phlegon of Tralles
195:
145:
89:Hellenistic period
46:
3352:
3351:
3162:Nuclear timescale
2844:Continuous signal
2569:Valerie Vaughan,
2530:978-0-8014-1282-0
2437:. 10 October 2011
2335:"Olympic Charter"
2289:, Attalus, 2015,
2147:978-3-598-77828-5
2090:COVID-19 pandemic
2001:. In these cases
1999:Computer Olympiad
1886:Cultural Olympiad
1874:Cultural Olympiad
1836:COVID-19 pandemic
1828:2020 Summer Games
1809:1936 Winter Games
1781:1936 Summer Games
1716:
1715:
18:Cultural Olympiad
16:(Redirected from
3387:
3053:Dominical letter
2984:Equation of time
2947:Marine sandglass
2788:
2782:
2760:Terrestrial Time
2617:Time measurement
2610:
2603:
2596:
2587:
2565:tyndalehouse.com
2556:
2548:
2546:"Olympiad"
2533:
2522:
2503:
2493:
2487:
2484:
2478:
2477:
2475:
2473:
2459:(29 July 2016).
2453:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2425:
2419:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2393:
2392:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2365:. Archived from
2355:
2349:
2348:
2346:
2339:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2320:
2305:
2296:
2294:
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2230:
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2150:
2121:
2115:
2109:
2093:
2086:
2080:
2074:
2065:
2059:
1983:Science Olympiad
1957:. This includes
1913:produced by the
1709:
1708:
1678:
1677:
1647:
1646:
1616:
1615:
1585:
1584:
1554:
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1430:
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1399:
1398:
1368:
1367:
1337:
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1306:
1305:
1275:
1274:
1244:
1243:
1213:
1212:
1182:
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1151:
1150:
1120:
1119:
1089:
1088:
1058:
1057:
1026:
1025:
991:
990:
968:
967:
934:
933:
903:
902:
872:
871:
841:
840:
810:
809:
778:
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743:
713:
712:
682:
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651:
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619:
577:
556:
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521:
520:
477:
476:
470:Diodorus Siculus
461:
460:
455:
454:
401:
400:
363:
362:
357:
356:
336:. (See e.g. the
327:
326:
318:, his dating of
309:
308:
300:). Although his
295:
294:
274:
273:
268:
267:
262:
261:
236:Ancient Olympics
231:
230:
225:
224:
204:
202:
201:
196:
166:
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113:
112:
106:
105:
59:
32:Olympiad (horse)
21:
3395:
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3390:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3385:
3384:
3375:Olympic culture
3355:
3354:
3353:
3348:
3285:
3176:
3143:
3117:
2998:
2898:
2849:Coordinate time
2821:Time in physics
2815:
2789:
2783:
2774:
2646:
2623:
2614:
2577:-oriented site.
2559:Chris Bennett,
2543:
2540:
2531:
2514:
2511:
2506:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2481:
2471:
2469:
2455:
2454:
2450:
2440:
2438:
2427:
2426:
2422:
2416:Wayback Machine
2406:
2402:
2390:
2388:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2357:
2356:
2352:
2344:
2337:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2316:
2307:
2306:
2299:
2282:
2281:
2277:
2260:
2259:
2255:
2238:
2237:
2233:
2220:
2219:
2215:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2184:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2148:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2112:Olympic Charter
2110:
2106:
2097:
2096:
2087:
2083:
2075:
2068:
2060:
2056:
2046:
1947:
1882:
1876:
1860:
1807:. However, the
1759:Winter Olympics
1725:Summer Olympics
1721:
1703:
1672:
1641:
1610:
1579:
1548:
1517:
1486:
1455:
1424:
1393:
1362:
1331:
1300:
1269:
1238:
1207:
1176:
1145:
1114:
1083:
1052:
1020:
985:
962:
928:
897:
866:
835:
804:
772:
738:
707:
676:
645:
614:
575:
573:Modern Olympics
553:
552:
545:
529:
518:
517:
480:Spurius Cassius
474:
473:
458:
457:
452:
451:
418:
398:
397:
360:
359:
354:
353:
324:
323:
281:
271:
270:
265:
264:
259:
258:
246:summer solstice
238:
228:
227:
222:
221:
169:
168:
163:
162:
157:
156:
119:
118:
110:
109:
103:
102:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3393:
3391:
3383:
3382:
3377:
3372:
3367:
3357:
3356:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3334:Time metrology
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3310:
3309:
3299:
3293:
3291:
3290:Related topics
3287:
3286:
3284:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3187:
3185:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3174:
3169:
3164:
3159:
3153:
3151:
3145:
3144:
3142:
3141:
3136:
3131:
3125:
3123:
3119:
3118:
3116:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3075:
3070:
3065:
3060:
3055:
3050:
3045:
3040:
3035:
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3008:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2979:Dialing scales
2976:
2971:
2966:
2965:
2964:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2934:
2929:
2924:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2897:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2876:
2871:
2866:
2861:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2825:
2823:
2817:
2816:
2814:
2813:
2811:Prime meridian
2808:
2803:
2801:Ephemeris time
2797:
2795:
2791:
2790:
2777:
2775:
2773:
2772:
2770:180th meridian
2767:
2762:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2677:
2672:
2667:
2666:
2665:
2654:
2652:
2648:
2647:
2645:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2628:
2625:
2624:
2615:
2613:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2590:
2584:
2583:
2578:
2575:astrologically
2567:
2557:
2539:
2538:External links
2536:
2535:
2534:
2529:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2488:
2479:
2448:
2420:
2400:
2372:
2369:on 2016-08-09.
2350:
2326:
2297:
2275:
2253:
2231:
2213:
2195:
2177:
2173:Bickerman 1980
2165:
2161:Bickerman 1980
2153:
2146:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2101:
2095:
2094:
2081:
2066:
2053:
2052:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2042:
1991:Chess Olympiad
1961:, such as the
1946:
1943:
1927:Carla Camurati
1875:
1872:
1868:XXVII Olympiad
1859:
1856:
1720:
1717:
1714:
1713:
1701:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1683:
1682:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1652:
1651:
1639:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1621:
1620:
1608:
1603:
1600:
1597:
1590:
1589:
1577:
1575:Rio de Janeiro
1572:
1569:
1566:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1541:
1538:
1535:
1528:
1527:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1504:
1497:
1496:
1484:
1479:
1476:
1473:
1466:
1465:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1442:
1435:
1434:
1422:
1417:
1414:
1411:
1404:
1403:
1391:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1373:
1372:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1349:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1324:
1321:
1318:
1311:
1310:
1298:
1293:
1290:
1287:
1280:
1279:
1267:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1249:
1248:
1236:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1218:
1217:
1205:
1200:
1197:
1194:
1187:
1186:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1163:
1156:
1155:
1143:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1125:
1124:
1112:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1094:
1093:
1081:
1076:
1073:
1070:
1063:
1062:
1050:
1045:
1042:
1039:
1032:
1031:
1017:
1010:
1007:
1004:
997:
996:
982:
974:
973:
959:
952:
949:
946:
939:
938:
926:
921:
918:
915:
908:
907:
895:
890:
887:
884:
877:
876:
864:
859:
856:
853:
846:
845:
833:
828:
825:
822:
815:
814:
802:
797:
794:
791:
784:
783:
769:
762:
759:
756:
749:
748:
736:
731:
728:
725:
718:
717:
705:
700:
697:
694:
687:
686:
674:
669:
666:
663:
656:
655:
643:
638:
635:
632:
625:
624:
612:
607:
604:
601:
594:
593:
590:
587:
584:
581:
574:
571:
544:
543:End of the era
541:
528:
525:
524:
523:
495:
467:
441:
417:
414:
338:Attic calendar
302:Olympic Record
280:
277:
237:
234:
194:
191:
188:
185:
182:
179:
176:
144:
141:
138:
135:
132:
129:
126:
93:calendar epoch
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3392:
3381:
3380:Units of time
3378:
3376:
3373:
3371:
3370:Calendar eras
3368:
3366:
3363:
3362:
3360:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3288:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3242:
3239:
3237:
3234:
3232:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3217:
3214:
3212:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3186:
3184:
3183:units of time
3179:
3173:
3172:Sidereal time
3170:
3168:
3165:
3163:
3160:
3158:
3157:Galactic year
3155:
3154:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3140:
3137:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3126:
3124:
3120:
3114:
3113:Weekday names
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3103:Tropical year
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3079:
3076:
3074:
3071:
3069:
3068:Intercalation
3066:
3064:
3061:
3059:
3056:
3054:
3051:
3049:
3046:
3044:
3041:
3039:
3036:
3034:(lunar Hijri)
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
3020:
3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2990:
2987:
2985:
2982:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2963:
2960:
2959:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2909:
2907:
2905:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2890:
2887:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2877:
2875:
2874:Time dilation
2872:
2870:
2867:
2865:
2862:
2860:
2857:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2832:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2824:
2822:
2818:
2812:
2809:
2807:
2804:
2802:
2799:
2798:
2796:
2792:
2787:
2781:
2771:
2768:
2766:
2763:
2761:
2758:
2756:
2753:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2726:
2723:
2721:
2718:
2716:
2713:
2711:
2710:24-hour clock
2708:
2706:
2705:12-hour clock
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2686:
2683:
2681:
2678:
2676:
2673:
2671:
2668:
2664:
2661:
2660:
2659:
2656:
2655:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2629:
2626:
2622:
2618:
2611:
2606:
2604:
2599:
2597:
2592:
2591:
2588:
2582:
2579:
2576:
2572:
2568:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2553:
2547:
2542:
2541:
2537:
2532:
2526:
2521:
2520:
2513:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2498:
2492:
2489:
2483:
2480:
2468:
2467:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2449:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2424:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2410:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2387:
2383:
2376:
2373:
2368:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2343:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2315:
2311:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2292:
2288:
2287:
2279:
2276:
2270:
2266:
2265:
2257:
2254:
2248:
2244:
2243:
2235:
2232:
2226:
2225:
2217:
2214:
2208:
2207:
2199:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2181:
2178:
2175:, p. 88.
2174:
2169:
2166:
2163:, p. 75.
2162:
2157:
2154:
2149:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2105:
2099:
2098:
2091:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2064:
2058:
2055:
2048:
2047:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2023:
2019:
2015:
2011:
2006:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1988:
1984:
1980:
1976:
1972:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1952:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1920:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1904:
1900:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1881:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1857:
1855:
1851:
1850:Olympiads".
1848:
1844:
1839:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1824:
1822:
1818:
1814:
1810:
1806:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1772:, but as the
1771:
1767:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1751:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:Start and end
1718:
1712:
1707:
1702:
1700:
1697:
1694:
1691:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1681:
1680:United States
1676:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1663:
1660:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1638:
1635:
1632:
1629:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1619:
1614:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1601:
1598:
1595:
1592:
1591:
1588:
1583:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1570:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1560:
1557:
1556:Great Britain
1552:
1547:
1545:
1542:
1539:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1499:
1498:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1467:
1464:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1449:
1446:
1443:
1440:
1437:
1436:
1433:
1432:United States
1428:
1423:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1402:
1397:
1392:
1390:
1387:
1384:
1381:
1378:
1375:
1374:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1359:
1356:
1353:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1343:
1340:
1339:United States
1335:
1330:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1319:
1316:
1313:
1312:
1309:
1304:
1299:
1297:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1278:
1273:
1268:
1266:
1263:
1260:
1257:
1254:
1251:
1250:
1247:
1242:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1211:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1192:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1173:
1170:
1167:
1164:
1161:
1158:
1157:
1154:
1149:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1133:
1130:
1127:
1126:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1095:
1092:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1064:
1061:
1060:Great Britain
1056:
1051:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1029:
1028:Great Britain
1024:
1018:
1016:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
999:
998:
995:
994:
989:
983:
981:
980:
976:
975:
972:
971:
966:
960:
958:
957:
953:
944:
940:
937:
932:
927:
925:
922:
919:
916:
913:
910:
909:
906:
905:United States
901:
896:
894:
891:
888:
885:
882:
879:
878:
875:
870:
865:
863:
860:
857:
854:
851:
848:
847:
844:
839:
834:
832:
829:
826:
823:
820:
817:
816:
813:
808:
803:
801:
798:
795:
792:
789:
786:
785:
782:
781:
776:
770:
768:
767:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
750:
747:
742:
737:
735:
732:
729:
726:
723:
720:
719:
716:
715:Great Britain
711:
706:
704:
701:
698:
695:
692:
689:
688:
685:
684:United States
680:
675:
673:
670:
667:
664:
661:
658:
657:
654:
649:
644:
642:
639:
636:
633:
630:
627:
626:
623:
618:
613:
611:
608:
605:
602:
599:
596:
595:
591:
588:
585:
582:
579:
578:
572:
570:
568:
564:
560:
550:
542:
540:
538:
534:
526:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
496:
493:
489:
485:
481:
471:
468:
465:
449:
445:
442:
439:
436:
432:
428:
427:
422:
415:
413:
411:
407:
406:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
321:
317:
313:
303:
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250:Metonic cycle
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63:
55:
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44:
39:
33:
19:
3319:Decimal time
3255:
3048:Astronomical
2927:Complication
2922:Atomic clock
2564:
2550:
2518:
2496:
2491:
2482:
2470:. Retrieved
2464:
2457:Lang, Kirsty
2451:
2439:. Retrieved
2432:
2423:
2403:
2395:
2389:. Retrieved
2375:
2367:the original
2362:
2353:
2329:
2317:. Retrieved
2314:Olympic News
2313:
2285:
2278:
2263:
2256:
2241:
2234:
2223:
2221:Thucydides,
2216:
2205:
2198:
2187:
2180:
2168:
2156:
2129:
2119:
2107:
2084:
2078:World War II
2057:
2031:
2028:The Olympiad
2027:
2026:
2016:, Olympiad (
2007:
2002:
1950:
1948:
1896:
1885:
1883:
1863:
1861:
1852:
1846:
1842:
1840:
1831:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1804:
1797:World War II
1787:. After the
1784:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1748:World War II
1744:
1741:
1736:
1722:
1308:Soviet Union
1246:West Germany
1019:
1012:
984:
977:
961:
954:
771:
764:
563:Theodosius I
546:
536:
530:
510:Jesus Christ
491:
404:
373:
316:Eratosthenes
311:
301:
298:olympioníkes
297:
293:ολυμπιονίκες
282:
239:
210:Summer Games
207:
116:
74:
61:
49:
47:
3329:System time
3324:Metric time
3043:Solar Hijri
2969:Water clock
2952:Radio clock
2884:Time domain
2864:Proper time
2750:Leap second
2632:Chronometry
2188:Bibliotheca
2063:World War I
2033:L'Olimpiade
1919:2016 games'
1864:quadrennium
1858:Quadrennium
1668:Los Angeles
1370:South Korea
1327:Los Angeles
1203:Mexico City
893:Los Angeles
874:Netherlands
567:5th century
549:3rd century
547:During the
537:Anolympiads
390:3rd century
366:2nd century
350:Tauromenium
334:city-states
330:victor list
3359:Categories
3344:Timekeeper
3297:Chronology
3281:Millennium
3167:Precession
3073:Julian day
2894:T-symmetry
2755:Solar time
2725:Civil time
2509:References
2466:BBC Online
2434:BBC Online
2391:2011-06-22
2203:Eusebius,
1945:Other uses
1931:flash mobs
1878:See also:
583:First year
527:Anolympiad
446:dates the
431:Thucydides
279:Historians
244:after the
3241:Fortnight
3088:Lunisolar
3078:Leap year
3012:Gregorian
2962:stopwatch
2937:Hourglass
2917:Astrarium
2834:Spacetime
2765:Time zone
2642:Metrology
2621:standards
2472:15 August
2441:15 August
2409:June 2009
2206:Chronicle
2185:Photius,
2022:olympiáda
1830:were the
1811:were the
1783:were the
1711:Australia
1463:Australia
1389:Barcelona
1122:Australia
1110:Melbourne
862:Amsterdam
734:Stockholm
672:St. Louis
589:Host City
586:Last year
500:, in his
405:Chronicle
378:Byzantine
374:Olympiads
342:Athenians
242:full moon
190:−
181:×
137:×
128:−
101:776
3302:Duration
3276:Saeculum
3256:Olympiad
3098:Solstice
3027:Holocene
3004:Calendar
2904:Horology
2695:ISO 8601
2690:ISO 31-1
2412:Archived
2363:Team USA
2342:Archived
2319:30 March
2291:archived
2283:Jerome,
2269:archived
2247:archived
2100:Specific
2003:Olympiad
1699:Brisbane
1265:Montreal
1079:Helsinki
979:Helsinki
592:Country
580:Olympiad
561:Emperor
514:Augustus
506:Eusebius
490:won the
410:Eusebius
386:biblical
320:Coroebus
97:Coroebus
62:Olympiás
58:Ὀλυμπιάς
50:olympiad
3271:Century
3261:Lustrum
3191:Instant
3063:Equinox
3032:Islamic
2974:Sundial
2839:Chronon
2227:, Tufts
2049:General
1951:between
1803:as the
1513:Beijing
1420:Atlanta
1091:Finland
993:Finland
936:Germany
812:Belgium
800:Antwerp
780:Germany
533:Eleians
492:stadion
464:Charops
438:Dorieus
435:Rhodian
382:Photius
380:writer
346:Timaeus
340:of the
288:Hippias
285:sophist
87:in the
85:Ephorus
81:Hippias
66:ancient
43:Olympia
3266:Decade
3221:Moment
3216:Minute
3211:Second
3181:Other
3038:Julian
3017:Hebrew
2663:offset
2527:
2144:
2038:operas
2014:Slovak
1955:sports
1917:. The
1729:poster
1689:(35th)
1658:(34th)
1649:France
1627:(33rd)
1625:XXXIII
1596:(32nd)
1587:Brazil
1565:(31st)
1544:London
1534:(30th)
1503:(29th)
1494:Greece
1482:Athens
1472:(28th)
1470:XXVIII
1451:Sydney
1441:(27th)
1410:(26th)
1379:(25th)
1348:(24th)
1317:(23rd)
1296:Moscow
1286:(22nd)
1277:Canada
1255:(21st)
1234:Munich
1224:(20th)
1215:Mexico
1193:(19th)
1162:(18th)
1131:(17th)
1100:(16th)
1069:(15th)
1048:London
1038:(14th)
1014:London
1003:(13th)
945:(12th)
924:Berlin
914:(11th)
883:(10th)
843:France
766:Berlin
746:Sweden
703:London
653:France
622:Greece
610:Athens
498:Jerome
214:Julian
167:
155:
3307:music
3246:Month
3206:Jiffy
3201:Shake
3196:Flick
3093:Solar
3083:Lunar
3058:Epact
3022:Hindu
2957:Watch
2912:Clock
2563:, on
2345:(PDF)
2338:(PDF)
2044:Notes
2018:Czech
2010:Czech
1656:XXXIV
1637:Paris
1618:Japan
1606:Tokyo
1594:XXXII
1525:China
1439:XXVII
1401:Spain
1358:Seoul
1315:XXIII
1184:Japan
1172:Tokyo
1160:XVIII
1153:Italy
970:Japan
956:Tokyo
852:(9th)
831:Paris
821:(8th)
790:(7th)
755:(6th)
724:(5th)
693:(4th)
662:(3rd)
641:Paris
631:(2nd)
600:(1st)
559:Roman
502:Latin
54:Greek
3251:Year
3236:Week
3226:Hour
2680:DUT1
2619:and
2525:ISBN
2474:2017
2443:2017
2321:2020
2142:ISBN
2012:and
1997:and
1826:The
1817:1948
1801:1948
1793:1944
1791:and
1789:1940
1779:The
1766:1924
1723:The
1695:2035
1692:2032
1687:XXXV
1664:2031
1661:2028
1633:2027
1630:2024
1602:2023
1599:2020
1571:2019
1568:2016
1563:XXXI
1540:2015
1537:2012
1509:2011
1506:2008
1501:XXIX
1478:2007
1475:2004
1447:2003
1444:2000
1416:1999
1413:1996
1408:XXVI
1385:1995
1382:1992
1354:1991
1351:1988
1346:XXIV
1323:1987
1320:1984
1292:1983
1289:1980
1284:XXII
1261:1979
1258:1976
1230:1975
1227:1972
1199:1971
1196:1968
1168:1967
1165:1964
1141:Rome
1137:1963
1134:1960
1129:XVII
1106:1959
1103:1956
1075:1955
1072:1952
1044:1951
1041:1948
1009:1947
1006:1944
1001:XIII
951:1943
948:1940
920:1939
917:1936
889:1935
886:1932
858:1931
855:1928
827:1927
824:1924
819:VIII
796:1923
793:1920
761:1919
758:1916
730:1915
727:1912
699:1911
696:1908
668:1907
665:1904
637:1903
634:1900
606:1899
603:1896
482:and
283:The
216:and
68:and
3231:Day
2134:doi
1915:RSC
1750:.
1532:XXX
1377:XXV
1253:XXI
1191:XIX
1098:XVI
1036:XIV
943:XII
788:VII
660:III
408:of
348:of
226:to
193:779
125:780
48:An
3361::
2675:ΔT
2670:UT
2549:.
2499:,
2463:.
2431:.
2394:.
2384:.
2361:.
2312:.
2300:^
2140:,
2128:,
2069:^
2020::
1993:,
1989:,
1985:,
1965:,
1884:A
1823:.
1739:.
1222:XX
1067:XV
912:XI
850:IX
753:VI
691:IV
629:II
554:AD
519:BC
475:BC
459:BC
453:BC
412:.
399:BC
392:,
368:,
361:BC
355:BC
325:BC
310:,
296:,
272:BC
266:BC
260:BC
229:AD
223:BC
164:AD
158:BC
114:.
111:BC
104:BC
72:.
60:,
56::
2609:e
2602:t
2595:v
2476:.
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2418:.
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2295:.
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2211:.
2193:.
2151:.
2136::
2114:.
2030:(
1847:n
1843:n
881:X
722:V
598:I
522:.
304:(
187:)
184:N
178:4
175:(
143:)
140:N
134:4
131:(
52:(
34:.
20:)
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