2708:
2982:
2897:
1852:
2511:, in North Africa was approximately 373 km (144 sq mi). It was at first under the joint administration of France, Spain, and the United Kingdom, plus later Portugal, Italy, Belgium, the Netherlands, Sweden, and the United States. The international zone was initially attached to Morocco. It then became a French-Spanish protectorate from 1923 until 29 October 1956, when it was reintegrated into the state of Morocco.
1409:
589:
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2051:. The era of the Italian states, in particular from the 11th to the 15th centuries, featured remarkable economic development, trade, manufacture, and mercantile capitalism, together with increasing urbanization, with remarkable influence throughout much of the Mediterranean world and Europe as a whole. During this time, most of the Italian city-states were ruled by one person, such as the
1606:
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2500:
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United States
Congress House Committee on Appropriations. Subcommittee on Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs. April 15, 1992. Page 239: "The Republic of Djibouti is in effect a city - state, with few natural resources, few trained workers, no permanent streams and very little
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into larger national units. However, such small political entities often survived only for short periods because they lacked the resources to defend themselves against incursions by larger states (such as Roman conquest of Greece). Thus they inevitably gave way to larger organisations of society,
4047:
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1524:
are the candidates most commonly discussed. Out of these, Singapore is the largest and most populous, and is generally considered to be the last real city-state left in the world, with full sovereignty, international borders, its own
2555:. They allowed – notwithstanding their overlordship as occupant powers – its internal organisation as one state simultaneously being a city, officially called Berlin (West). Though West Berlin maintained close ties to the
1895:– pooled their economic relations with foreign powers and were able to wield considerable diplomatic clout. Individual cities often made protective alliances with other cities or with neighbouring regions, including the
2361:. Although the plan had some international support and the UN accepted this proposal (and still officially holds the stance that Jerusalem should be held under this regime), implementation of the plan failed as the
2530:
in the aftermath of World War II, from 1947 to 1954. The UN attempted to make the Free
Territory of Trieste into a city state, but it never gained real independence and in 1954 its territory was divided between
2525:
The Free
Territory of Trieste was an independent territory situated in Central Europe between northern Italy and Yugoslavia, facing the north part of the Adriatic Sea, under direct responsibility of the
1460:
city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world since the dawn of history, including cities such as
2303:), The Free State of Fiume was proclaimed as a fully independent free state which existed between 1920 and 1924. Its territory of 28 km (11 sq mi) comprised the city of Fiume (now in
2916:
describes this aspect of self-government as: "The city-state is a self-governing, but not necessarily independent political unit." A city with more limited self-government may be referred to as an
4359:
Treaty
Between the Russian Federation and the Republic of Crimea on Ascension to the Russian Federation of the Republic of Crimea and on Establishment of New Subjects Within the Russian Federation
3259:
4322:
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arable land. Some 75% of the population live in the capital city, the economy of which is focused on the port, airport, railway, the French garrison, and the re-export of consumer goods."
4784:
2775:
bordering
Malaysia to the north and Indonesia to the south. About 5.6 million people live and work within 728.3 square kilometres (281.2 sq mi), making Singapore the
2857:
is so dominant as to give its name to the country. These countries are distinct from true city-states such as
Singapore in that they comprise both their primate city (such as
1437:
4376:
3195:
2668:
3001:
Some cities that are constituent states in a federation, and as such can be accurately described as non-sovereign city-states with a high degree of autonomy, include:
4348:Договор между Российской Федерацией и Республикой Крым о принятии в Российскую Федерацию Республики Крым и образовании в составе Российской Федерации новых субъектов
4253:
2043:
during the medieval and
Renaissance periods, city-states — with various amounts of associated land — became the standard form of polity. Some of them, despite being
3974:
3600:
2366:
4269:
5006:
3737:
3137:
2330:
3420:
Holm, Poul, "Viking Dublin and the City-State
Concept: Parameters and Significance of the Hiberno-Norse Settlement" (Respondent: Donnchadh Ó Corráin), in
617:
2912:, or enjoy a high degree of autonomy. As such, they function as "city-states" within the context of the sovereign state to which they belong. Historian
2269:) and nearly 200 towns in the surrounding areas. It was created on 15 November 1920 under the terms of Article 100 (Section XI of Part III) of the 1919
4999:
2753:) until 1917. The Principality of Monaco and the city of Monaco (each having specific powers) govern the same territory. Though they maintain a small
654:
2407:
until a future day when the people of the region would be allowed to vote on whether the land would return to
Germany or not. The then predominantly
4654:
3346:
2183:, a regional power at the time, needed to define their territories for negotiation with the European powers so the Siamese government established a
2149:, aristocratic groups, Buddhist leaders, and others organized settlements into autonomous or semi-autonomous city-states. These were referred to as
868:
5011:
3251:
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1430:
4315:
5016:
4138:
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3950:
3920:
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3405:
2210:. These sociopolitical units were sometimes also referred to as barangay states, but are more properly referred to using the technical term
4494:
4473:
4298:
2616:
Because he could not travel without effectively acknowledging the authority of the king, Pius IX and his successors each claimed to be a "
2234:, which refers to a plank boat widely used by various cultures of the Philippine archipelago prior to the arrival of European colonizers.
2163:, in which smaller city-states paid tribute to larger ones that paid tribute to still larger ones—until reaching the apex in cities like
4879:
4401:
4032:
2358:
1423:
3678:
Junker, Laura Lee (1990). "The
Organization of Intra-Regional and Long-Distance Trade in Pre-Hispanic Philippine Complex Societies".
2485:
The Shanghai International Settlement (1845–1943) was an international zone with its own legal system, postal service, and currency.
2464:
4452:
4437:
4224:
3812:
3708:
3657:
3646:
3543:
3501:
3359:
2551:, though lacking sovereignty, functioned from 1948 until 1990 as a state legally not belonging to any other state, but ruled by the
2480:
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was a complex sociopolitical unit which scholars have historically considered the dominant organizational pattern among the various
485:
4168:
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91:
4373:
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2527:
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1584:
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and Memellanders constituted the other ethnic groups), situated between the river and the town of that name, was occupied by
1115:
1070:
610:
480:
258:
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2757:, largely for ceremonial purposes, they would still have to rely on France for defence in the face of an aggressive power.
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are each politically and economically centered on a single city; in the cases of Luxembourg, Djibouti and Kuwait, this
5224:
4112:
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1135:
650:
548:
4214:
3592:
3565:
Winichakul, Thongchai. 1997. Siam Mapped: A History of the Geo-Body of a Nation. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press
2671:. With a population of less than 1,000 (mostly clergymen), it is by far the smallest sovereign country in the world.
4295:
City of Vienna, "From the Capital of the Austro-Hungarian Empire to the Capital of the Republic - History of Vienna"
4874:
2825:
A number of other small states share many of these characteristics, and are sometimes cited as modern city-states.
2494:
2088:
956:
81:
52:
4430:
A comparative study of thirty city-state cultures : an investigation conducted by the Copenhagen Polis Centre
4273:
2707:
5095:
4869:
4779:
2923:
Some non-sovereign cities which have a high degree of autonomy, and have been described as city-states, include:
2520:
2156:
1580:
603:
208:
2749:
are districts of a continuous urban zone, not distinct cities, though they were three separate municipalities (
2300:
1987:
1900:
1807:(in present-day Larnaca) was a city-state that existed from around 800 BC until the end of the 4th century BC.
706:
323:
213:
3745:
3515:
the duchy of Ferrara — a small but strategically important city-state situated between Venice and the Romagna.
2175:
and others that served as centers of Southeast Asian royalty. The system existed until the 19th century, when
1992:(1779–1919), which – while falling short of an independent sovereignty – had many attributes of a city-state.
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253:
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2400:
1975:
1971:
1963:
1944:
1916:
1892:
1530:
1379:
946:
490:
432:
378:
4459:
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2651:. Under this treaty, Vatican City was recognized as an independent state, with the Pope as its head. The
5145:
4936:
4926:
4911:
4769:
4711:
4173:
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2784:
2448:
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1908:
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came to enjoy considerable autonomy in the Middle Ages and in early modern times, buttressed legally by
1374:
1237:
834:
310:
143:
3223:
3188:"How a tiny city-state became a military powerhouse with the best air force and navy in Southeast Asia"
2896:
2801:
refers to the nation as the "world's only fully functioning city-state". In particular, it has its own
3437:. Denmark: Special-Trykkeriet Viborg. (University of Copenhagen, Polis Center). 2000. pp. 251–62.
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Several non-sovereign cities enjoy a high degree of autonomy and are often confused for city-states.
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291:
281:
266:
193:
111:
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Singapore 2065 : leading insights on economy and environment from 50 Singapore icons and beyond
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Some cities or urban areas, while not sovereign states, may nevertheless be constituent states of a
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2334:
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2001:
1936:
1920:
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2015:
1932:
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1856:
1818:, which organised themselves as independent centers. The success of regional units coexisting as
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1614:
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worldwide, there remains some disagreement on the number of modern city-states that still exist;
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721:
696:
570:
163:
2420:
2390:
1954:
After the dissolution of the Holy Roman Empire in 1806, some cities – then members of different
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and some Malay cities) into their territory and abolished the mueang and the tributary system.
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From Paris to Sèvres: the partition of the Ottoman Empire at the Peace Conference of 1919–1920
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30:
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Kuwait City: Kuwait Programme on Development, Governance and Globalisation in the Gulf States
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Hansen, Mogens. 2000. "Introduction: The Concepts of City-States and City-State Culture." In
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2007:
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Some of the most well-known examples of city-state culture in human history are the ancient
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711:
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271:
125:
20:
4447:, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2002. (Historisk-filosofiske skrifter, 27).
4432:, Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab, 2000. (Historisk-filosofiske skrifter, 21).
1851:
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400:
385:
4113:"The emblem of Malta, Department of Information, Official Website of President of Malta"
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4602:
4465:
4178:
3910:
3864:
Stevens, Harold Ray (2006). "Conrad, Geopolitics, and "The Future of Constantinople"".
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2199:
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2011:
1959:
1924:
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1689:
1673:
1645:
1391:
1322:
1227:
1060:
974:
471:
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344:
286:
3103:
The London independence movement seeks a city-state separate from the United Kingdom.
1408:
588:
5213:
5199:
5170:
5140:
5064:
5054:
5044:
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2408:
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2029:
1955:
1765:
1665:
1653:
1641:
1637:
1535:
1509:
1278:
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1075:
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906:
395:
373:
348:
178:
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5034:
4931:
4916:
4809:
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3915:. Columbus: Ohio State University Press. pp. 22–23, 40, 44, 154–155, 189–190.
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1183:
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829:
753:
158:
3700:
Urban Development and Civil Society: The Role of Communities in Sustainable Cities
2216:. Evidence suggests a considerable degree of independence as city states ruled by
4141:
Draft National Strategy for the Cultural and Creative Industries – Creative Malta
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330:
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183:
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The Last Treaty: Lausanne and the End of the First World War in the Middle East
3371:
2873:, and may also include substantial rural areas (such as the sparsely-populated
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4565:
3156:
2909:
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1337:
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1283:
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901:
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778:
642:
552:
542:
537:
276:
3877:
3630:
Raiding, Trading, and Feasting: The Political Economy of Philippine Chiefdoms
2817:
to safeguard the nation's sovereignty against potential regional aggressors.
2311:) and rural areas to its north, with a corridor to its west connecting it to
4921:
4829:
4691:
4686:
4607:
4592:
3534:
The Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia
3005:
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437:
335:
218:
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153:
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3999:
Leadership in Asia : persuasive communication in the making of nations
2904:
enjoys a high degree of autonomy, and is sometimes considered a city-state.
2874:
2262:
4507:
2067:
Examples of Italian city-states during the Middle Ages and the Renaissance
5026:
4946:
4819:
4644:
4575:
3496:. World leaders past & present. New York: Chelsea House. p. 74.
3460:
3027:
2830:
2788:
2780:
2444:
2436:
2296:
2230:
2188:
2052:
2044:
2019:
1979:
1819:
1749:
1600:
1539:
refers to the nation as the "world's only fully functioning city-state".
1490:
1466:
1212:
773:
743:
686:
560:
520:
203:
188:
168:
37:
3885:
3398:
A short history of Europe: from the Greeks and Romans to the present day
2155:, and were usually related in a tributary relationship now described as
4394:"'Londependence' May Be a Dream, but More Autonomy for the City Is Not"
4048:"Foreign Operations, Export Financing, and Related Programs, Volume 2."
3044:
3032:
3023:
3014:
2962:
2935:
2846:
2621:
2508:
2499:
2304:
2172:
2024:
1967:
1785:
1781:
1720:(which as they grew in power began to dominate neighboring cities) and
1014:
851:
841:
475:
133:
4445:
A comparative study of six city-state cultures : an investigation
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4804:
4582:
4480:
3062:
3058:
3049:
3040:
3018:
2953:
2842:
2838:
2738:
2732:
2685:
2625:
2579:, a city-state well known for being the smallest country in the world
2338:
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2266:
2225:
2212:
2151:
1884:
1836:
1827:
1804:
1796:
1685:
1677:
1517:
1494:
1474:
1470:
1178:
525:
467:
365:
4216:
A History of African Higher Education from Antiquity to the Present
4100:
Anatomy of an oil-based welfare state: rent distribution in Kuwait.
16:
Independent or autonomous entity whose territory consists of a city
4587:
4482:
The City-State in Europe, 1000-1600: Hinterland, Territory, Region
2990:
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2980:
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2927:
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1983:
1850:
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1745:
1657:
1625:
1604:
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1547:
1502:
1498:
4068:
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4064:
2620:", unable to leave the 0.44 km (0.17 sq mi) papal
2257:
city-state that existed between 1920 and 1939, consisting of the
4824:
4549:
4201:
A Comparative Study of Six City-State Cultures: An Investigation
2888:
are cited as city-states, despite lacking a large urban centre.
2594:
2590:
2377:. Israel would eventually gain control of East Jerusalem in the
2221:
2217:
1629:
1462:
4522:
4347:
2228:. Early chroniclers record that the name evolved from the term
3252:"City-states never disappeared: Hamburg, Hong Kong, Singapore"
1780:; and many others. Danish historian Poul Holm has classed the
3321:
3319:
3317:
3315:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3307:
2403:. The Memel Territory was to remain under the control of the
2357:") consisting of a Jerusalem city-state under the control of
1533:, and substantial international influence in its own right.
4243:
Europe Since 1945: An Encyclopedia, Bernard A. Cook p.506,
3904:(1650). New York: Funk & Wagnalls: 19. 3 December 1921.
2337:
was to be partitioned into three states: a Jewish state of
1633:
2745:(the ancient fortified city) and Monaco's well-known area
2395:
The Klaipėda Region or Memel Territory was defined by the
4518:
2741:
is a very small independent city-state bordering France.
1704:
from the Middle Ages to the early modern period, such as
19:
For administrative divisions that cover only cities, see
3846:
British Foreign Policy during the Curzon Period, 1919–24
2559:
Federal Republic, it never legally formed a part of it.
2459:
recognised Turkey as de jure sovereign, while the Greek
2399:
in 1920 when it was put under the administration of the
4027:. Singapore: World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd.
3383:
Kotkin, Joel. 2010. "A New Era for the City-State?" In
3337:
3335:
2861:) and a number of peripheral cities and towns (such as
1958:– officially became sovereign city-states, such as the
1822:
actors in loose geographical and cultural unity, as in
1700:(which grew from a city-state into a vast empire); the
4098:
El-Katiri, Laura, Bassam Fattouh and Paul Segal. 2011
2779:
after Monaco. Singapore was part of the Federation of
4087:
Qatar: Securing the Global Ambitions of a City-state.
4002:. Newark: University of Delaware Press. p. 200.
2369:, ultimately resulting in Jerusalem being split into
5088:
5025:
4985:
4860:
4760:
4710:
4556:
2238:
20th-century cities under international supervision
3531:
3446:Sri Aurobindo, "Ideal of Human Unity" included in
3327:A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures,
4461:Sovereign City: The City-State Ancient and Modern
3697:Carley, Michael; Smith, Harry (5 November 2013).
3427:A Comparative Study of Thirty City-State Cultures
3538:. Yale agrarian studies. Yale University Press.
4321:(in Spanish). Gobierno de la Ciudad de México.
3157:"city-state | Definition, History, & Facts"
2777:2nd-most-densely populated country in the world
1772:; states of the medieval Russian lands such as
4074:Sovereign City: The City-state Through History
3633:. Ateneo de Manila University Press. pp.
3461:"Italy - Italy in the 14th and 15th centuries"
3344:Sovereign City: The City-state Through History
2471:re-established Turkish control of both areas.
2047:independent states, were formally part of the
4534:
3622:
3620:
3618:
2307:and, since the end of World War II, known as
2187:system, incorporated their tributary cities (
1431:
611:
8:
4076:Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 219
3945:. Cambridge University Press. p. 155.
3593:"The Explainer: Bamboozled by the barangay"
3574:Baker, Chris and Pasuk Phongpaichit. 2009.
3329:Copenhagen: Copenhagen Polis Centre. Pg. 19
3138:List of fictional city-states in literature
2331:United Nations Partition Plan for Palestine
2291:After a prolonged period where the city of
4541:
4527:
4519:
2507:The international zone within the city of
1613:, a maritime city-state, was based in the
1438:
1424:
1358:
1160:
894:
666:
629:
618:
604:
25:
4272:(in Spanish). Infobae.com. Archived from
3217:
3215:
3213:
1879:of 1648. Some, like three of the earlier
655:List of countries by system of government
4089:London: C Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd.
2367:1947–48 Civil War in Mandatory Palestine
3148:
2884:with high population densities such as
1307:
1268:
1192:
1163:
1086:
1043:
965:
897:
850:
807:
730:
669:
640:
36:
4145:. Creativemalta.gov.mt. Archived from
3354:Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
3262:from the original on 24 September 2020
3240:from the original on 25 November 2023.
2609:refused to recognize the newly formed
4233:from the original on 2 November 2017.
4219:. Greenwood Publishing. p. 197.
3768:(in German). C.H. Beck. p. 189.
3471:from the original on 25 February 2008
3400:. Houndmills: MacMillan. p. 84.
3167:from the original on 23 November 2018
2771:Singapore is an island city-state in
1974:(1806–11 and again 1813–71), and the
7:
3807:(in German). LIT Verlag. p. 8.
3765:Danzig – Biographie einer Stadt
3717:from the original on 4 February 2018
2809:, one of the busiest trans-shipment
2295:enjoyed considerable autonomy under
1736:and other cultures of pre-Columbian
4880:Technical aspects of urban planning
3603:from the original on 2 October 2017
2821:States with similar characteristics
2639:negotiated by the Italian dictator
2253:The Free City of Danzig was a semi-
4404:from the original on 21 March 2017
3821:from the original on 30 March 2023
3804:Das Bistum Danzig in Lebensbildern
3782:from the original on 30 March 2023
3578:Sydney: Cambridge University Press
3292:from the original on 23 April 2021
2589:Until September 1870, the city of
2359:United Nations Trusteeship Council
1968:Free and Hanseatic City of Hamburg
1907:(1354–1679) in the Alsace, or the
14:
4328:from the original on 15 July 2022
3977:from the original on 19 July 2019
3198:from the original on 8 April 2018
2993:, is a historic city-state and a
2787:in 1965, becoming an independent
2481:Shanghai International Settlement
2435:envisaged international zones at
2198:In early Philippine history, the
1972:Free and Hanseatic City of Lübeck
1970:(1806–11 and again 1814–71), the
1962:(1806–11 and again 1813–71), the
486:Biology and political orientation
5193:
4655:Cities with the most skyscrapers
4506:
3939:Tusan, Michelle (15 June 2023).
3736:Plasencia, Fray Juan de (1589).
2877:forest of northern Luxembourg).
2706:
2678:
1964:Free City of Frankfurt upon Main
1814:and the merchant city-states of
1624:Historical city-states included
1407:
587:
5131:Sustainable Development Goal 11
5012:Most populous national capitals
3894:"Constantinople as a Free City"
2869:in Luxembourg) with autonomous
2528:United Nations Security Council
2433:partition of the Ottoman Empire
1585:Cities of the ancient Near East
5017:Most populous satellite cities
3576:A History of Thailand: 2nd ed.
3396:Alcock, Antony Evelyn (1998).
1116:Intergovernmental organisation
1071:Separation of church and state
481:Theories of political behavior
107:Political history of the world
1:
5007:Most densely populated cities
4316:"Constitution of Mexico City"
4023:Quah, Euston (30 July 2015).
3843:Bennett, G. (9 August 1995).
3282:"Capital Facts for Hong Kong"
2451:occupied both after the 1918
2439:/Constantinople or the wider
2179:by European powers occurred.
2055:or by a dynasty, such as the
1960:Free Hanseatic City of Bremen
1912:
496:Critique of political economy
4443:Mogens Herman Hansen (ed.),
4115:. Doi.gov.mt. Archived from
3448:Social and Political Thought
3222:Long, Simon (18 July 2015).
2785:expelled from the federation
2783:for two years before it was
2635:was resolved in 1929 by the
2325:Corpus separatum (Jerusalem)
1784:colonial cities in medieval
1577:List of ancient Greek cities
913:(socio-political ideologies)
77:Outline of political science
3909:Helmreich, Paul C. (1974).
2811:maritime ports in the world
2624:once they had ascended the
2593:had been controlled by the
1951:originated as city-states.
1899:(1358 – 17th century), the
981:(socio-economic ideologies)
651:List of forms of government
5246:
4875:Theories of urban planning
3996:Oliver, Robert T. (1989).
3627:Junker, Laura Lee (2000).
3372:10.2747/0272-3638.28.4.398
3096:
3085:
2764:
2730:
2582:
2518:
2495:Tangier International Zone
2492:
2478:
2388:
2322:
2284:
2246:
2089:Duchy of Modena and Reggio
2005:
1999:
1740:(including cities such as
1574:
1571:Ancient and medieval world
1562:—are often cited as such.
82:Index of politics articles
18:
5189:
4870:History of urban planning
4780:Central business district
4270:"Qué dice la Ley Cafiero"
3801:Samerski, Stefan (2003).
3738:"Customs of the Tagalogs"
3725:– via Google Books.
3224:"The Singapore exception"
2892:Non-sovereign city-states
2605:seized the city in 1870,
2521:Free Territory of Trieste
2028:Italy in 1494, after the
1764:; the city-states of the
1581:List of Phoenician cities
1102:(geo-cultural ideologies)
4305:, retrieved 17 May 2010.
4213:Lulat, Y. G.-M. (2015).
4072:Parker, Geoffrey. 2005.
3849:. Springer. p. 80.
3349:15 December 2022 at the
3341:Parker, Geoffrey. 2005.
2716:, modern city-state and
2301:Corpus separatum (Fiume)
2161:over-lapping sovereignty
1901:Swabian League of Cities
1830:, often prevented their
1728:, which became powerful
5121:Million Tree Initiative
4487:Oxford University Press
4379:23 January 2020 at the
3465:Encyclopedia Britannica
3161:Encyclopedia Britannica
2618:Prisoner in the Vatican
2465:an attempted annexation
2443:, and possibly also at
2431:Some proposals for the
2147:Mainland Southeast Asia
1788:, most importantly the
1365:Administrative division
1309:International relations
491:Political organisations
254:International relations
92:Politics by subdivision
5106:Ecological engineering
4995:World's largest cities
4967:Cycling infrastructure
4852:Peri-urban agriculture
4199:Mogens, Hansen. 2002.
4085:Roberts, David. 2014.
3286:World's Capital Cities
2998:
2905:
2739:Principality of Monaco
2580:
2504:
2457:occupation of Istanbul
2447:/Smyrna. Although the
2401:Council of Ambassadors
2208:Philippine archipelago
2032:
1860:
1621:
5146:Urban forest inequity
4937:Multiple nuclei model
4927:Concentric zone model
4912:Mixed-use development
4785:Most expensive cities
4770:World's cities by GDP
4374:Canton of Basel-Stadt
4353:19 March 2015 at the
4301:14 April 2023 at the
4174:European Central Bank
3288:. 16 September 2020.
2984:
2899:
2871:municipal authorities
2805:, a large commercial
2575:
2502:
2449:allies of World War I
2027:
1909:Old Swiss Confederacy
1854:
1672:; the city-states of
1640:city-states, such as
1608:
1575:Further information:
1566:Historical background
1375:Democratic transition
1238:Self-governing colony
835:Military dictatorship
571:Political campaigning
311:Public administration
144:Collective leadership
5136:Sustainable urbanism
5111:Green infrastructure
4515:at Wikimedia Commons
4426:Mogens Herman Hansen
4256:9 April 2023 at the
4053:9 April 2023 at the
3490:Haney, John (1987).
3432:21 June 2013 at the
3422:Mogens Herman Hansen
3258:. 6 September 2019.
3082:Proposed city-states
2914:Mogens Herman Hansen
2813:, and fully fledged
2547:In the 20th century
2461:occupation of Smyrna
2413:Prussian Lithuanians
2397:Treaty of Versailles
2271:Treaty of Versailles
2261:port of Danzig (now
2073:Republic of Florence
1986:had the status of a
1869:Free Imperial Cities
1857:Free imperial cities
1552:United Arab Emirates
1550:, and cities of the
421:Separation of powers
292:Political psychology
267:Comparative politics
245:political scientists
232:Academic disciplines
112:Political philosophy
5230:Political geography
5176:Urban reforestation
4795:Most livable cities
3898:The Literary Digest
3748:on 23 January 2009.
3099:London independence
2645:Victor Emmanuel III
2453:Armistice of Mudros
2365:broke out with the
2341:, an Arab state of
2335:Mandatory Palestine
2287:Free State of Fiume
2249:Free City of Danzig
2002:Italian city-states
1978:(1815–1846). Under
1976:Free City of Kraków
1877:Peace of Westphalia
1867:(962–1806) over 80
1702:Italian city-states
1668:city-states of the
1589:Italian city-states
1479:Italian city-states
1414:Politics portal
1299:Supranational union
1208:Dependent territory
1121:National government
594:Politics portal
443:Election commission
414:Government branches
297:Political sociology
149:Confessional system
87:Politics by country
5225:Types of countries
5075:Urban homesteading
5000:throughout history
4398:The New York Times
4119:on 22 October 2013
3760:Loew, Peter Oliver
3680:Asian Perspectives
3591:(2 October 2017).
2999:
2906:
2653:Vatican City State
2603:Victor Emmanuel II
2581:
2563:Modern city-states
2505:
2469:Treaty of Lausanne
2455:, the British-led
2363:1948 Palestine war
2145:In the history of
2130:Republic of Ancona
2122:Republic of Amalfi
2114:Republic of Venice
2110:maritime republics
2033:
2016:Maritime republics
1915:1300 – 1798). The
1861:
1792:, as city-states.
1622:
1611:Republic of Ragusa
1456:is an independent
277:Political analysis
209:Semi-parliamentary
5207:
5206:
5200:Cities portal
5161:Urban heat island
5070:Urban exploration
4942:Linear settlement
4890:Public open space
4730:direct-controlled
4680:Abandoned village
4635:Metropolitan area
4511:Media related to
4458:Geoffrey Parker,
3952:978-1-009-37108-7
3922:978-0-8142-0170-1
3856:978-0-230-37735-6
3775:978-3-406-60587-1
3762:(February 2011).
3742:Nagcarlan, Laguna
3666:978-971-550-347-1
3407:978-0-333-64830-8
2989:, located on the
2411:Memel Territory (
2405:League of Nations
2273:after the end of
2118:Republic of Genoa
2101:Republic of Lucca
2049:Holy Roman Empire
1982:rule the city of
1903:(1331–1389), the
1873:international law
1865:Holy Roman Empire
1816:Renaissance Italy
1812:Greek city-states
1790:Kingdom of Dublin
1760:cities along the
1664:city-states; the
1508:With the rise of
1448:
1447:
1399:
1398:
1370:Democracy indices
1345:
1344:
1148:
1147:
957:Semi-presidential
882:
881:
628:
627:
576:Political parties
516:Electoral systems
240:Political science
214:Semi-presidential
126:Political systems
102:Political history
97:Political economy
5237:
5198:
5197:
5196:
5181:Zero-carbon city
5126:Sustainable city
5080:Unitary urbanism
5050:Urban morphology
4987:Urban population
4957:Bicycle-friendly
4737:Independent city
4712:Urban government
4670:Shrinking cities
4543:
4536:
4529:
4520:
4510:
4495:978-019173-868-5
4474:978-186189-219-5
4414:
4413:
4411:
4409:
4400:. 28 June 2016.
4390:
4384:
4371:
4365:
4364:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4335:
4333:
4327:
4320:
4312:
4306:
4292:
4286:
4285:
4283:
4281:
4276:on 28 March 2012
4266:
4260:
4241:
4235:
4234:
4210:
4204:
4197:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4186:
4177:. Archived from
4165:
4159:
4158:
4156:
4154:
4135:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4109:
4103:
4096:
4090:
4083:
4077:
4070:
4059:
4045:
4039:
4038:
4020:
4014:
4013:
3993:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3982:
3963:
3957:
3956:
3936:
3930:
3926:
3905:
3889:
3860:
3837:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3826:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3756:
3750:
3749:
3744:. Archived from
3733:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3694:
3688:
3687:
3675:
3669:
3652:
3624:
3613:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3585:
3579:
3572:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3556:
3554:
3552:
3537:
3524:
3518:
3517:
3512:
3510:
3487:
3481:
3480:
3478:
3476:
3457:
3451:
3444:
3438:
3418:
3412:
3411:
3393:
3387:
3381:
3375:
3339:
3330:
3323:
3302:
3301:
3299:
3297:
3278:
3272:
3271:
3269:
3267:
3248:
3242:
3241:
3239:
3228:
3219:
3208:
3207:
3205:
3203:
3192:Business Insider
3183:
3177:
3176:
3174:
3172:
3153:
3123:Federal district
3067:Saint Petersburg
2918:independent city
2863:Esch-sur-Alzette
2710:
2688:, known for its
2682:
2661:diplomatic corps
2641:Benito Mussolini
2637:Lateran Treaties
2611:Kingdom of Italy
2347:corpus separatum
2126:Republic of Pisa
2081:Duchy of Ferrara
2057:House of Gonzaga
2008:Medieval commune
1989:corpus separatum
1914:
1897:Hanseatic League
1881:Hanseatic cities
1652:cities (such as
1638:Ancient Egyptian
1440:
1433:
1426:
1412:
1411:
1359:
1203:Associated state
1161:
1136:Internationalism
1126:World government
1103:
982:
914:
895:
869:Free association
856:
817:
736:
679:
667:
630:
620:
613:
606:
592:
591:
382:
327:
282:Political theory
272:Election science
262:
248:
26:
21:Independent city
5245:
5244:
5240:
5239:
5238:
5236:
5235:
5234:
5210:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5194:
5192:
5185:
5084:
5060:Urban sociology
5021:
4981:
4972:Pedestrian zone
4856:
4790:Cheapest cities
4762:Urban economics
4756:
4747:Autonomous city
4706:
4665:Suburbanization
4558:Urban geography
4552:
4547:
4503:
4422:
4420:Further reading
4417:
4407:
4405:
4392:
4391:
4387:
4381:Wayback Machine
4372:
4368:
4362:
4355:Wayback Machine
4345:
4341:
4331:
4329:
4325:
4318:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4303:Wayback Machine
4293:
4289:
4279:
4277:
4268:
4267:
4263:
4258:Wayback Machine
4242:
4238:
4227:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4198:
4194:
4184:
4182:
4181:on 7 April 2014
4167:
4166:
4162:
4152:
4150:
4149:on 28 July 2013
4137:
4136:
4132:
4122:
4120:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4097:
4093:
4084:
4080:
4071:
4062:
4055:Wayback Machine
4046:
4042:
4035:
4022:
4021:
4017:
4010:
3995:
3994:
3990:
3980:
3978:
3965:
3964:
3960:
3953:
3938:
3937:
3933:
3929:
3923:
3908:
3892:
3863:
3857:
3842:
3838:
3834:
3824:
3822:
3815:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3776:
3758:
3757:
3753:
3735:
3734:
3730:
3720:
3718:
3711:
3696:
3695:
3691:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3649:
3626:
3625:
3616:
3606:
3604:
3587:
3586:
3582:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3560:
3550:
3548:
3546:
3528:Scott, James C.
3526:
3525:
3521:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3489:
3488:
3484:
3474:
3472:
3459:
3458:
3454:
3445:
3441:
3434:Wayback Machine
3419:
3415:
3408:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3382:
3378:
3351:Wayback Machine
3340:
3333:
3324:
3305:
3295:
3293:
3280:
3279:
3275:
3265:
3263:
3250:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3226:
3221:
3220:
3211:
3201:
3199:
3186:Brimelow, Ben.
3185:
3184:
3180:
3170:
3168:
3155:
3154:
3150:
3146:
3133:Royal free city
3128:Pyu city-states
3109:
3101:
3095:
3090:
3088:Urban secession
3084:
2894:
2867:ten other towns
2859:Luxembourg City
2823:
2791:, a city and a
2769:
2763:
2735:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2711:
2702:
2701:
2700:
2683:
2597:as part of his
2587:
2570:
2565:
2545:
2523:
2517:
2497:
2491:
2483:
2477:
2441:Turkish straits
2429:
2421:Klaipėda Revolt
2393:
2391:Klaipėda Region
2387:
2327:
2321:
2289:
2283:
2251:
2245:
2240:
2143:
2097:Duchy of Mantua
2093:Duchy of Urbino
2069:
2061:House of Sforza
2022:
2004:
1998:
1966:(1815–66), the
1849:
1730:thalassocracies
1628:cities such as
1603:
1573:
1568:
1444:
1406:
1401:
1400:
1387:Democratisation
1380:Autocratization
1356:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1303:
1264:
1243:Tributary state
1233:Satellite state
1188:
1158:
1157:Power structure
1150:
1149:
1101:
1100:
1082:
1053:
1039:
1030:Totalitarianism
980:
979:
961:
912:
911:
892:
884:
883:
878:
854:
846:
811:
803:
734:
726:
673:
664:
663:Source of power
641:Basic forms of
635:Politics series
624:
586:
581:
580:
511:
510:
501:
500:
458:
457:
448:
447:
416:
415:
406:
405:
401:Public interest
386:Domestic policy
376:
369:
368:
357:
356:
321:
314:
313:
302:
301:
263:
256:
249:
242:
234:
233:
224:
223:
129:
128:
117:
116:
72:
71:
62:
31:Politics series
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5243:
5241:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5212:
5211:
5205:
5204:
5190:
5187:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5156:Urban forestry
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5128:
5123:
5118:
5116:Green urbanism
5113:
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:Climate change
5092:
5090:
5086:
5085:
5083:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5031:
5029:
5023:
5022:
5020:
5019:
5014:
5009:
5004:
5003:
5002:
4991:
4989:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4979:
4974:
4969:
4964:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4944:
4939:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4914:
4909:
4904:
4899:
4898:
4897:
4887:
4885:Urban planners
4882:
4877:
4872:
4866:
4864:
4862:Urban planning
4858:
4857:
4855:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4842:Municipal bond
4839:
4834:
4833:
4832:
4827:
4822:
4817:
4812:
4807:
4797:
4792:
4787:
4782:
4777:
4772:
4766:
4764:
4758:
4757:
4755:
4754:
4749:
4744:
4739:
4734:
4733:
4732:
4722:
4716:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4705:
4704:
4699:
4694:
4689:
4684:
4683:
4682:
4672:
4667:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4637:
4632:
4627:
4626:
4625:
4615:
4610:
4605:
4603:Satellite city
4600:
4595:
4590:
4585:
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4501:External links
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4466:Reaktion Books
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3589:Quezon, Manolo
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2972:United Kingdom
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2880:Occasionally,
2822:
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2773:Southeast Asia
2765:Main article:
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2731:Main article:
2728:
2725:
2718:island country
2712:
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2669:postage stamps
2583:Main article:
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2553:Western Allies
2544:
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2519:Main article:
2516:
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2493:Main article:
2490:
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2479:Main article:
2476:
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2389:Main article:
2386:
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2375:East Jerusalem
2371:West Jerusalem
2355:separated body
2323:Main article:
2320:
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2285:Main article:
2282:
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2247:Main article:
2244:
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2141:Southeast Asia
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2134:Duchy of Gaeta
2105:
2104:
2077:Duchy of Milan
2068:
2065:
2012:Lombard League
2000:Main article:
1997:
1994:
1875:following the
1848:
1847:Central Europe
1845:
1835:including the
1803:settlement of
1698:Roman Republic
1674:ancient Greece
1572:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1554:—most notably
1446:
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1428:
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1397:
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1392:Hybrid regimes
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1323:Regional power
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891:Power ideology
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855:(rule by none)
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70:Primary topics
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15:
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5171:Urban prairie
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5141:Urban ecology
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5065:Anti-urbanism
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5055:Urban culture
5053:
5051:
5048:
5046:
5045:Urban studies
5043:
5041:
5040:Urban warfare
5038:
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5024:
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4859:
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4837:Urban renewal
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4613:Commuter town
4611:
4609:
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4604:
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4599:
4596:
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4584:
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4505:
4504:
4500:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4483:
4478:
4475:
4471:
4467:
4463:
4462:
4457:
4454:
4453:87-7876-316-9
4450:
4446:
4442:
4439:
4438:87-7876-177-8
4435:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4419:
4403:
4399:
4395:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4378:
4375:
4370:
4367:
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4356:
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4311:
4308:
4304:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4288:
4275:
4271:
4265:
4262:
4259:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4246:
4240:
4237:
4232:
4228:
4226:9780313320613
4222:
4218:
4217:
4209:
4206:
4202:
4196:
4193:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4170:
4164:
4161:
4148:
4144:
4142:
4134:
4131:
4118:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4101:
4095:
4092:
4088:
4082:
4079:
4075:
4069:
4067:
4065:
4061:
4056:
4052:
4049:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4030:
4026:
4019:
4016:
4011:
4005:
4001:
4000:
3992:
3989:
3976:
3972:
3968:
3967:"Environment"
3962:
3959:
3954:
3948:
3944:
3943:
3935:
3932:
3924:
3918:
3914:
3913:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3895:
3891:
3887:
3883:
3879:
3875:
3871:
3867:
3866:The Conradian
3862:
3858:
3852:
3848:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3836:
3833:
3820:
3816:
3814:3-8258-6284-4
3810:
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3797:
3794:
3781:
3777:
3771:
3767:
3766:
3761:
3755:
3752:
3747:
3743:
3739:
3732:
3729:
3716:
3712:
3710:9781134200504
3706:
3703:. Routledge.
3702:
3701:
3693:
3690:
3686:(2): 167–209.
3685:
3681:
3674:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3659:
3658:971-550-347-0
3655:
3650:
3648:9789715503471
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3545:9780300156522
3541:
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3535:
3529:
3523:
3520:
3516:
3505:
3503:9780877545958
3499:
3495:
3494:
3493:Cesare Borgia
3486:
3483:
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3409:
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3399:
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3389:
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3377:
3373:
3369:
3365:
3361:
3360:9781861892195
3357:
3353:
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3348:
3345:
3338:
3336:
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3328:
3322:
3320:
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3308:
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3291:
3287:
3283:
3277:
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3257:
3253:
3247:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3231:The Economist
3225:
3218:
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3210:
3197:
3193:
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3126:
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3119:
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2800:
2799:
2798:The Economist
2794:
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2748:
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2687:
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2646:
2643:between King
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2454:
2450:
2446:
2442:
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2434:
2426:
2424:
2422:
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2414:
2410:
2409:ethnic German
2406:
2402:
2398:
2392:
2384:
2382:
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2115:
2111:
2108:The powerful
2107:
2106:
2102:
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2090:
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2078:
2074:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
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2058:
2054:
2050:
2046:
2042:
2041:Central Italy
2038:
2031:
2030:Peace of Lodi
2026:
2021:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2003:
1995:
1993:
1991:
1990:
1985:
1981:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1956:confederacies
1952:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1930:
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1918:
1917:Swiss cantons
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1766:Swahili coast
1763:
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1758:central Asian
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1536:The Economist
1532:
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1510:nation states
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1313:
1310:
1306:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1279:Confederation
1277:
1276:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1267:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1250:
1246:
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1234:
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1209:
1206:
1204:
1201:
1200:
1199:
1198:
1195:
1191:
1185:
1182:
1180:
1177:
1175:
1174:Unitary state
1172:
1171:
1170:
1169:
1166:
1162:
1154:
1153:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
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1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1106:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1088:
1085:
1077:
1076:State atheism
1074:
1072:
1069:
1068:
1067:
1066:Secular state
1064:
1062:
1059:
1058:
1057:
1056:
1049:
1046:
1045:
1042:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1028:
1026:
1023:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1011:
1008:
1006:
1003:
1001:
998:
996:
993:
991:
988:
987:
986:
985:
976:
973:
971:
970:Authoritarian
968:
967:
964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
947:Parliamentary
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
925:
923:
920:
919:
918:
917:
908:
905:
903:
900:
899:
896:
888:
887:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
861:
860:
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853:
849:
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836:
833:
832:
831:
828:
826:
823:
822:
821:
820:
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810:
806:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
785:
782:
780:
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770:
767:
765:
762:
760:
757:
755:
752:
750:
747:
745:
742:
741:
740:
739:
735:(rule by few)
733:
729:
723:
720:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
684:
683:
682:
677:
672:
668:
660:
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648:
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644:
639:
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632:
631:
621:
616:
614:
609:
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602:
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590:
585:
584:
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572:
569:
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562:
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554:
550:
546:
545:
544:
541:
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534:
531:
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431:
429:
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425:
422:
419:
418:
410:
409:
402:
399:
397:
396:Civil society
394:
392:
389:
387:
384:
380:
375:
374:Public policy
372:
371:
367:
361:
360:
350:
346:
342:
341:
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332:
329:
325:
320:
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298:
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283:
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237:
236:
228:
227:
220:
217:
215:
212:
210:
207:
205:
202:
200:
197:
195:
194:Parliamentary
192:
190:
187:
185:
182:
180:
179:Hybrid regime
177:
175:
172:
170:
167:
165:
162:
160:
157:
155:
152:
150:
147:
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142:
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137:
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127:
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83:
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66:
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59:
56:
54:
51:
49:
46:
45:
43:
42:
39:
35:
32:
28:
27:
22:
5191:
5151:Urban forest
5035:New Urbanism
4932:Sector model
4917:Urban design
4810:Modern ruins
4752:Capital city
4741:
4725:Municipality
4702:College town
4660:Urbanization
4481:
4460:
4444:
4429:
4406:. Retrieved
4397:
4388:
4369:
4363:(in Russian)
4358:
4346:Kremlin.ru.
4342:
4330:. Retrieved
4310:
4290:
4278:. Retrieved
4274:the original
4264:
4239:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4195:
4183:. Retrieved
4179:the original
4172:
4163:
4151:. Retrieved
4147:the original
4140:
4133:
4121:. Retrieved
4117:the original
4107:
4099:
4094:
4086:
4081:
4073:
4043:
4024:
4018:
3998:
3991:
3979:. Retrieved
3970:
3961:
3941:
3934:
3911:
3901:
3897:
3872:(2): 15–27.
3869:
3865:
3845:
3835:
3823:. Retrieved
3803:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3764:
3754:
3746:the original
3731:
3719:. Retrieved
3699:
3692:
3683:
3679:
3673:
3629:
3605:. Retrieved
3597:ABS-CBN News
3596:
3583:
3575:
3570:
3561:
3549:. Retrieved
3533:
3522:
3514:
3507:. Retrieved
3492:
3485:
3473:. Retrieved
3464:
3455:
3447:
3442:
3425:
3416:
3397:
3391:
3384:
3379:
3342:
3326:
3294:. Retrieved
3285:
3276:
3264:. Retrieved
3256:Tomorrow.Mag
3255:
3246:
3230:
3200:. Retrieved
3191:
3181:
3169:. Retrieved
3160:
3151:
3118:City network
3113:Charter city
3102:
3010:Buenos Aires
3000:
2995:Swiss canton
2985:The city of
2922:
2907:
2900:The city of
2879:
2855:primate city
2824:
2815:armed forces
2796:
2770:
2750:
2743:Monaco-Ville
2736:
2655:has its own
2649:Pope Pius XI
2630:
2626:papal throne
2615:
2607:Pope Pius IX
2601:. When King
2599:Papal States
2588:
2585:Vatican City
2577:Vatican City
2568:Vatican City
2546:
2524:
2506:
2484:
2430:
2394:
2346:
2328:
2290:
2252:
2229:
2211:
2197:
2185:nation-state
2177:colonization
2160:
2150:
2144:
2034:
1988:
1953:
1945:Schaffhausen
1862:
1841:nation-state
1832:amalgamation
1809:
1794:
1742:Chichen Itza
1660:); the five
1623:
1541:
1534:
1522:Vatican City
1507:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1328:Middle power
1255:Vassal state
1249:Buffer state
1247:
1223:Puppet state
1218:Protectorate
1194:Client state
1184:Principality
1110:
1010:Distributism
952:Presidential
830:Dictatorship
754:Gerontocracy
676:rule by many
649:
633:Part of the
324:street-level
199:Presidential
159:Dictatorship
138:
29:Part of the
5220:City-states
5089:Environment
4977:Walkability
4962:Cyclability
4895:Green space
4847:Habitat III
4815:Shanty town
4800:Urban decay
4775:Global city
4720:City status
4697:Closed city
4650:Megalopolis
4630:Conurbation
4618:City proper
4598:Twin cities
4571:City centre
4513:City-states
4479:Tom Scott,
3981:21 February
3076:Basel-Stadt
3072:Switzerland
3054:Mexico City
2882:microstates
2747:Monte Carlo
2696:and scenic
2657:citizenship
2557:West German
2549:West Berlin
2543:West Berlin
2467:. The 1923
2379:Six-Day War
2275:World War I
1859:as of 1792.
1754:Monte Albán
1738:Mesoamerica
1615:walled city
1529:, a robust
1487:Renaissance
1483:Middle Ages
1481:during the
1333:Great power
1318:Small power
1260:Viceroyalty
1131:Nationalism
995:Colonialism
975:Libertarian
937:Directorial
814:rule by one
794:Technocracy
789:Stratocracy
769:Meritocracy
759:Kleptocracy
749:Aristocracy
463:Sovereignty
428:Legislature
331:Technocracy
319:Bureaucracy
184:Meritocracy
164:Directorial
5214:Categories
5166:Urban park
5101:Eco-cities
4952:Smart city
4902:Urban wild
4742:City-state
4675:Ghost town
4640:Metropolis
4566:Urban area
4485:, Oxford:
4464:, London:
4332:8 February
4249:0815313365
4153:20 October
4123:20 October
4009:087413353X
3364:1861892195
3296:15 October
3266:15 October
3202:15 October
3144:References
2910:federation
2886:San Marino
2827:Luxembourg
2537:Yugoslavia
2329:Under the
2299:rule (see
2259:Baltic Sea
2255:autonomous
2085:San Marino
2006:See also:
1820:autonomous
1801:Phoenician
1670:Garamantes
1662:Philistine
1650:Phoenician
1489:, such as
1454:city-state
1338:Superpower
1294:Superstate
1289:Federation
1284:Devolution
1270:Federalism
1111:City-state
784:Plutocracy
779:Particracy
643:government
553:Governance
543:Government
538:Federalism
139:City-state
4922:Grid plan
4830:Squatting
4692:Tent city
4687:Lost city
4608:Edge city
4593:Core city
3878:0951-2314
3607:4 October
3551:8 October
3509:4 October
3006:Argentina
2976:Gibraltar
2967:Bucharest
2945:Hong Kong
2902:Hong Kong
2795:country.
2793:sovereign
2767:Singapore
2761:Singapore
2714:Singapore
2423:of 1923.
2417:Lithuania
2381:in 1967.
2343:Palestine
2333:of 1947,
2319:Jerusalem
2165:Ayutthaya
1937:Solothurn
1762:Silk Road
1619:Dubrovnik
1593:Maya city
1560:Abu Dhabi
1544:Hong Kong
1514:Singapore
1458:sovereign
1165:Unitarism
1141:Globalism
1047:Religious
1035:Tribalism
1025:Socialism
1020:Feudalism
1005:Despotism
1000:Communism
990:Anarchism
927:Communist
874:Stateless
864:Anarchism
825:Despotism
809:Autocracy
799:Theocracy
764:Kritarchy
732:Oligarchy
717:Socialist
671:Democracy
533:Unitarism
521:Elections
509:Subseries
438:Judiciary
433:Executive
336:Adhocracy
219:Theocracy
174:Feudalism
154:Democracy
5027:Urbanism
4947:Land use
4820:Skid row
4645:Megacity
4576:Downtown
4489:, 2012.
4468:, 2004.
4402:Archived
4377:Archived
4351:Archived
4323:Archived
4299:Archived
4254:Archived
4231:Archived
4051:Archived
3975:Archived
3886:20873573
3819:Archived
3780:Archived
3715:Archived
3601:Archived
3530:(2009).
3469:Archived
3430:Archived
3347:Archived
3290:Archived
3260:Archived
3235:Archived
3196:Archived
3171:19 April
3165:Archived
3107:See also
3028:Brussels
2831:Djibouti
2803:currency
2789:republic
2781:Malaysia
2755:military
2751:communes
2475:Shanghai
2437:Istanbul
2345:, and a
2297:Habsburg
2231:balangay
2200:barangay
2193:Cambodia
2189:Lan Xang
2099:and the
2059:and the
2053:Signoria
2045:de facto
2037:Northern
2020:Signoria
1980:Habsburg
1933:Fribourg
1905:Décapole
1839:and the
1774:Novgorod
1706:Florence
1680:such as
1626:Sumerian
1601:Altepetl
1531:military
1527:currency
1491:Florence
1477:and the
1467:Carthage
1213:Dominion
942:Legalist
922:Absolute
907:Republic
902:Monarchy
774:Noocracy
744:Anocracy
697:Economic
687:Demarchy
561:Ideology
379:doctrine
340:Service
204:Republic
189:Monarchy
169:Federacy
58:Category
38:Politics
4428:(ed.),
4408:2 March
4383:Welcome
4169:"Malta"
3450:, 1970.
3424:(ed.),
3385:Forbes.
3045:Hamburg
3033:Germany
3024:Belgium
3015:Austria
2963:Romania
2936:Melilla
2847:Bahrain
2807:airport
2698:harbour
2694:royalty
2633:impasse
2622:enclave
2515:Trieste
2509:Tangier
2503:Tangier
2489:Tangier
2427:Ottoman
2419:in the
2305:Croatia
2226:Sultans
2206:of the
2204:peoples
2173:Bangkok
2157:mandala
1929:Lucerne
1889:Hamburg
1863:In the
1786:Ireland
1756:); the
1714:Ferrara
1696:); the
1694:Corinth
1646:Memphis
1355:Related
1050:Secular
1015:Fascism
852:Anarchy
842:Tyranny
702:Liberal
566:Culture
476:Country
134:Anarchy
48:Outline
4907:Zoning
4805:Ghetto
4623:limits
4583:Suburb
4550:Cities
4493:
4472:
4451:
4436:
4247:
4223:
4031:
4006:
3949:
3919:
3884:
3876:
3853:
3825:24 May
3811:
3786:24 May
3772:
3707:
3664:
3656:
3645:
3542:
3500:
3475:12 May
3404:
3358:
3093:London
3063:Moscow
3059:Russia
3050:Mexico
3041:Berlin
3037:Bremen
3019:Vienna
2954:France
2875:Éislek
2849:, and
2843:Kuwait
2839:Brunei
2733:Monaco
2727:Monaco
2690:casino
2686:Monaco
2667:, and
2339:Israel
2309:Rijeka
2267:Poland
2263:Gdańsk
2243:Danzig
2222:Rajahs
2213:polity
2159:or as
2152:mueang
2018:, and
1949:Geneva
1947:, and
1921:Zürich
1893:Lübeck
1885:Bremen
1837:empire
1828:Greece
1805:Kition
1799:, the
1797:Cyprus
1782:Viking
1770:Ragusa
1732:; the
1726:Venice
1692:, and
1690:Thebes
1686:Sparta
1682:Athens
1678:poleis
1666:Berber
1648:; the
1642:Thebes
1599:, and
1518:Monaco
1495:Venice
1475:Sparta
1471:Athens
1179:Empire
1091:Global
722:Others
712:Social
692:Direct
526:voting
468:Polity
366:Policy
345:Public
259:theory
4588:Exurb
4326:(PDF)
4319:(PDF)
4280:2 May
4203:p. 91
4185:7 May
3882:JSTOR
3721:7 May
3238:(PDF)
3227:(PDF)
2991:Rhine
2987:Basel
2958:Paris
2949:Macau
2941:China
2932:Ceuta
2928:Spain
2851:Malta
2835:Qatar
2533:Italy
2445:İzmir
2385:Memel
2353:for "
2351:Latin
2313:Italy
2293:Fiume
2281:Fiume
2218:Datus
2169:Bagan
1996:Italy
1984:Fiume
1941:Basel
1824:Italy
1778:Pskov
1750:Copán
1746:Tikal
1734:Mayan
1722:Genoa
1718:Milan
1710:Siena
1676:(the
1658:Sidon
1597:Polis
1556:Dubai
1548:Macau
1503:Milan
1499:Genoa
1096:Local
549:forms
472:State
349:Civil
53:Index
4825:Slum
4491:ISBN
4470:ISBN
4449:ISBN
4434:ISBN
4410:2017
4334:2021
4282:2012
4245:ISBN
4221:ISBN
4187:2018
4155:2013
4125:2013
4029:ISBN
4004:ISBN
3983:2021
3971:Base
3947:ISBN
3917:ISBN
3874:ISSN
3851:ISBN
3827:2020
3809:ISBN
3788:2020
3770:ISBN
3723:2018
3705:ISBN
3662:ISBN
3654:ISBN
3643:ISBN
3609:2017
3553:2017
3540:ISBN
3511:2020
3498:ISBN
3477:2021
3402:ISBN
3356:ISBN
3298:2020
3268:2020
3204:2020
3173:2020
3065:and
3043:and
2947:and
2934:and
2865:and
2737:The
2665:flag
2647:and
2631:The
2595:pope
2591:Rome
2535:and
2463:was
2373:and
2224:and
2181:Siam
2132:and
2039:and
1925:Bern
1891:and
1855:The
1826:and
1776:and
1752:and
1724:and
1656:and
1654:Tyre
1644:and
1632:and
1630:Uruk
1609:The
1558:and
1520:and
1501:and
1485:and
1473:and
1463:Rome
3639:130
3368:doi
2035:In
1919:of
1795:In
1617:of
5216::
4396:.
4361:)
4297:.
4229:.
4171:.
4063:^
3973:.
3969:.
3902:71
3900:.
3896:.
3880:.
3870:31
3868:.
3817:.
3778:.
3740:.
3713:.
3684:29
3682:.
3660:,
3641:.
3637:,
3635:74
3617:^
3599:.
3595:.
3513:.
3467:.
3463:.
3366:.
3362:,
3334:^
3306:^
3284:.
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3233:.
3229:.
3212:^
3194:.
3190:.
3163:.
3159:.
3074::
3061::
3052::
3039:,
3035::
3026::
3017::
3008::
2974::
2965::
2956::
2943::
2930::
2920:.
2845:,
2841:,
2837:,
2833:,
2829:,
2692:,
2663:,
2659:,
2628:.
2613:.
2539:.
2315:.
2277:.
2265:,
2220:,
2191:,
2171:,
2167:,
2128:,
2124:,
2120:,
2116:,
2112::
2095:,
2091:,
2087:,
2083:,
2079:,
2075:,
2063:.
2014:,
2010:,
1943:,
1939:,
1935:,
1931:,
1927:,
1923:,
1913:c.
1887:,
1883:–
1843:.
1768:;
1748:,
1744:,
1716:,
1712:,
1708:,
1688:,
1684:,
1636:;
1634:Ur
1595:,
1591:,
1587:,
1583:,
1579:,
1546:,
1516:,
1505:.
1497:,
1493:,
1469:,
1465:,
1452:A
551:/
474:/
470:/
347:/
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3270:.
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2997:.
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.