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basis that the RCC (which had come to power, including
Gaddafi, in a coup) had not been elected, and therefore it could not ask for or accept his resignation. When RCC members responded that Gaddafi was unelected with them, he agreed to make a speech in Zuwara announcing his resignation to the people, rather than the RCC. Instead he used the speech to declare the beginning of a cultural revolution, and used the rapid mass mobilization of his supporters to establish his uncontested leadership over the country.
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607:(RCC) had led him to agree to step down. Gaddafi had told the RCC that he would announce his resignation to the people at the Zuwara speech, but he instead surprised them with his declaration of the Cultural Revolution. By the end of the Cultural Revolution period, Gaddafi was the uncontested leader of Libya.
876:
The
Revolutionary Command Council never lost control of the situation, and freely reversed decisions of People's Committees when they wished. However, in September 1974, the RCC officially condemned what they termed excesses by the People's Committees and held new elections to replace them. From this
690:
Indigenous
Berbers were persecuted as Gaddafi viewed them as a threat to his view of Libya as an Arab country. The teaching of Berber languages were outlawed and speaking them were also outlawed. People could not register under Berber names and giving such names was also barred. People were forced to
750:
In an attempt to instill revolutionary fervor into his compatriots and to involve large numbers of them in political affairs, Gaddafi urged them to challenge traditional authority and to take over and run government organs themselves. The instrument for doing this was the People's
Committees. Within
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Although he was the recognized leader of the ruling RCC, Gaddafi's difficult and petulant behaviour, widening ambition, increasing hubris, and increasingly authoritarian approach towards his colleagues had led to tensions which culminated in the RCC demanding his resignation. Gaddafi refused on the
675:
and their attempt to westernize Libya was not favoured by
Libyans. Gaddafi was able to let the Libyan tribes accord him as a leader and not oppose was his promise to keep Libya a traditional Islamic society where his numerous speeches addressing the importance of Islam is what made people like him.
706:
The "remaking of Libyan society" contained in
Gaddafi's ideological visions began to be put into practice formally beginning in 1973 with a so-called cultural or popular revolution. This revolution was designed to combat bureaucratic inefficiency, lack of public interest and participation in the
754:
Functional People's
Committees were established in such widely divergent organizations as universities, private business firms, government bureaucracies, and the broadcast media. Geographical People's Committees were formed at the governorate, municipal, and zone (lowest) levels. Seats on the
775:
One of the major effects of the empowerment of the People's
Committees was the persecution of enemies of the regime. The Committees acted as local organs of the national government. They dismissed many civil servants and state employees from their posts. At the same time, agents from
610:
The
Cultural Revolution continued to at least September 1974, when the independence of action of the People's Committees was reduced by the national leadership in the Revolutionary Command Council. In a wider sense, it came to its conclusion in the establishment of
683:. Although the coup had been met with widespread public approval, the RCC members had limited education and no government experience. The country experienced mismanagement, confusion, disorder and economic difficulties, including widespread unemployment.
829:
law faculty was entrusted with this task. The traditional religious establishment initially supported this. However
Gaddafi soon created controversy among the religious leadership. He both disputed the need for Islamic jurists and scholars
784:
helped develop services which engaged in more brutal suppression of regime opponents. Stasi assistance came despite the openly stated intention to suppress both communism and atheism, because Gaddafi's stated policy was that he was a
755:
People's Committees at the zone level were filled by direct popular election; members so elected could then be selected for service at higher levels. By mid-1973 estimates of the number of People's Committees ranged above 2,000.
751:
a few months, such committees were found all across Libya. There were two types of People's Committees – functional and geographical – and these institutions eventually became responsible for local and regional administration.
758:
In the scope of their administrative and regulatory tasks and the method of their members' selection, the People's Committees purportedly embodied the concept of direct democracy that Gaddafi propounded in the first volume of
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point the People's Committees showed less initiative in suppressing dissent in their local areas, and relied more on informing on dissenters to the array of state security agencies that developed over the years.
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In practice the Cultural Revolution marked the beginning of the sidelining of other Libyan political and religious leaders and the concentration of power in Gaddafi.
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1973 was the fourth year of power for the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) which had overthrown the monarchy under Gaddafi's leadership and had created the
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People's Committees were established throughout the country to introduce or enforce the Cultural Revolution and to control the revolution from below.
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Return to Arab and Islamic values and purge the communist, imperialist, atheist and ikhwani elements from the revolution.
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as interpreted by himself. Gaddafi was considered by many Islamic jurists to have thus rejected the whole body of
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values and spontaneous popular mobilization against five identified threats to the power of the people:
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The promotion of Islamic thought and rejection of un-Islamic ideas from other countries and cultures.
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on 15 April 1973. This came after increasing tensions between Gaddafi and his colleagues in the
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It was during the early stages of the Cultural Revolution that Libya led Arab nations in the
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One aim of the Cultural Revolution was the replacement of the existing legal system with
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subnational governmental system, and problems of national political coordination.
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The Cultural Revolution was organized around an official five point program:
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Libya's population is based on a traditional Islamic society centred on the
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was a period of political and social change in Libya. It started with
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767:(GPC), a national representative body intended to replace the RCC.
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801:. Purges of 1973 initially concentrated on university students in
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995:"Tough Libyan 'Cultural Revolution' Stresses Merger With Egypt"
935:"Tough Libyan 'Cultural Revolution' Stresses Merger With Egypt"
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as the first to impose an oil embargo on the United States.
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Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (1973-05-22).
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Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (1973-05-22).
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jurisprudence in favor of a process of interpretation (
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Administrative reform and a purge of the administration
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April 15, 1973 – March 2, 1977
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Violent purges in the universities and administrations
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The Cultural Revolution was presented as a period of
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1971 Libyan Federation of Arab Republics referendum
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60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
365:Secretary General of the General People's Congress
966:Obeidi, Amal S. M.; Obeidi, Amal (2013-09-05).
691:take Arabic names as well as Arabic surnames.
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371:Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council
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359:Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution
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729:, the Muslim Brotherhood, and capitalism.
533:Support for rebel and paramilitary groups
493:Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
854:in favour of exclusive reference to the
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902:Politics of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
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27:1973–1977 political and social movement
1038:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
892:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
732:The distribution of arms to the people
351:History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
872:Reduction of People's Committee power
498:1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya
7:
868:) concentrated on his own opinions.
58:adding citations to reliable sources
714:The annulment of all existing laws
671:and family gatherings. The ruling
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842:). He also abandoned traditional
743:Formation of People's Committees
383:Chairperson of the African Union
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153:(3 years and 321 days)
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518:West Berlin discotheque bombing
45:needs additional citations for
442:United States bombing of Libya
191:Islamization of Libyan society
69:"Cultural Revolution in Libya"
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1058:Political and cultural purges
717:The repression of communism,
605:Revolutionary Command Council
334:Revolutionary Command Council
1083:Persecution of intellectuals
591:(or People's Revolution) in
488:Federation of Arab Republics
133:Cultural Revolution in Libya
846:reliance on collections of
615:'s "state of the masses" ("
513:Weapons of mass destruction
436:Action in the Gulf of Sidra
18:Cultural Revolution (Libya)
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1063:Political history of Libya
969:Political Culture in Libya
914:Third International Theory
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341:General People's Committee
282:Third International Theory
972:. Routledge. p. 48.
765:General People's Congress
541:Elections and referendums
1098:Anti-communist terrorism
1033:20th-century revolutions
236:This article is part of
1088:Persecution of atheists
887:1969 Libyan coup d'Ă©tat
377:Prime Minister of Libya
297:International reactions
1093:Persecution by Muslims
827:University of Benghazi
771:Suppression of dissent
460:NATO invasion of Libya
454:First Libyan Civil War
214:Exact number not known
1103:Socialist revolutions
200:Establishment of the
1068:Revolutions in Libya
681:Libyan Arab Republic
483:Libyan Arab Republic
327:Arab Socialist Union
304:Reception and legacy
197:Arabization of Libya
54:improve this article
589:Cultural Revolution
508:Cultural Revolution
424:Egyptian–Libyan War
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1073:Socialism in Libya
999:The New York Times
939:The New York Times
654:Muslim Brotherhood
430:Chadian–Libyan War
418:Lebanese Civil War
406:Libyan coup d'Ă©tat
180:Muammar al-Gaddafi
1048:Islamism in Libya
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1053:Islamization
1010:. Retrieved
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52:Please help
47:verification
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1078:Politicides
811:Libyan army
469:Leadership
450:(1986–1987)
432:(1978–1987)
385:(2009–2010)
379:(1970–1972)
373:(1969–1977)
367:(1977–1979)
361:(1979–2011)
1027:Categories
1012:2023-01-23
952:2023-01-23
920:References
813:officers.
663:Background
652:, and the
646:capitalism
618:jamahiriya
448:Toyota War
262:Early life
202:Jamahiriya
149:1977-03-02
145:1973-04-15
110:April 2017
80:newspapers
1007:0362-4331
947:0362-4331
787:socialist
719:ba'athism
638:communism
392:Military
277:Nasserism
881:See also
850:and the
839:mujtahid
807:Benghazi
727:atheists
673:Italians
158:Location
147: –
138:Duration
865:ijtihad
809:and on
803:Tripoli
723:fascism
650:atheism
634:Islamic
613:Gaddafi
473:History
292:Killing
186:Outcome
143: (
94:scholar
1005:
976:
945:
860:sharia
856:qur'an
852:sunnah
848:hadith
825:. The
823:Sharia
669:mosque
601:Zuwara
462:(2011)
456:(2011)
444:(1986)
438:(1986)
426:(1977)
420:(1976)
414:(1973)
408:(1969)
211:Deaths
168:Motive
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
844:Sunni
833:ulema
782:Stasi
593:Libya
162:Libya
101:JSTOR
87:books
1003:ISSN
974:ISBN
943:ISSN
805:and
797:and
632:and
630:Arab
587:The
73:news
780:'s
56:by
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