3292:
22:
3244:
112:
conditions and collaborating in a shifting, fragmented web of overlapping and informal groupings. The result was the development of a culture that valued variety, adaptability and change more than uniformity and continuity; whose need for cooperation and trust bred an innate suspicion of boastfulness and pretension; and which was characterised by the remarkable capacity for "accommodating difference" that has been an enduring theme of the city's history. The historian
248:, the distinguished composer of choral works, joined the University of Birmingham's Music Department as senior lecturer in 1962, retiring in 1986 to concentrate on his music. During that time he had written the second of his operas and was working on his third, as well as completing a number of orchestral and chamber works. In 1995 the orchestra of Birmingham Composers Forum put on what was only the second UK performance of his Second Symphony, dating from 1970.
428:
3477:
407:
1494:
154:
outside. Disjunction and incongruity lie at the heart of the city's identity, and
Birmingham often lacks the superficial unifying aesthetic of more homogeneous cities. Writers, artists or musicians cooperating in socially close-knit groups but producing work with little stylistic unity have been a characteristic of Birmingham's culture from the
496:
768:
that developed in the town in the 16th and 17th centuries. Birmingham's location away from established centres of power, its dynamic merchant-based economy and its weak aristocracy gave it a reputation as a place where loyalty to the established power structures of church and feudal state were weak,
1060:
was founded in 2001 and runs over 10 days at the beginning of
October with a line-up that combines leading TV names with rising talent from Birmingham and the West Midlands. Among the leading acts who've appeared at the festival are Frankie Boyle, Jimmy Carr, Lee Evans, Ken Dodd, Peter Kay, Michael
476:
The busiest promoter of contemporary jazz in the city is the organisation
Jazzlines (based in and a department of Symphony Hall), which mounts dozens of concerts every year featuring local, national and international artists in venues such as the CBSO Centre, the mac arts centre, the Glee Club and
440:
has been popular in the city since the 1920s. The
Harmonic Festival, the Mostly Jazz Festival and the annual International Jazz Festival run alongside the year-round contemporary programme presented by promoters and development agency Jazzlines, which is now integrated into Performances Birmingham
1052:
also host monthly/regular comedy sessions while smaller independent comedy promoters/ venues include The Cheeky Monkey Comedy Club, The
Laughing Sole (in Strichley) and MY Comedy (Kitchen Garden Cafe, Kings Heath) with other nights at Old Joint Stock Theatre (city centre), and Alexandra Theatre.
176:
has called the city's "complicated relationship with its past, where it's always trying to burn photos of itself". The result is that
Birmingham has never been an easy city to define, its lack of a clear, simple image, coupled with its own characteristically ironic and self-deprecating sense of
153:
could still note how his "Birmingham background" meant that "in fundamental ways ... he doesn't belong in that London literary world – he's more vigorous and more advanced". However the same characteristic that sets
Birmingham apart can also make it difficult to characterise and understand from
111:
was further encouraged by the town's broad-based and entrepreneurial economic structure. The "city of a thousand trades" was made up of a wide variety of highly skilled specialists operating in small workshops, producing a constantly diversifying range of products in response to changing market
72:
wrote in 2011 that "cities, the dense agglomerations that dot the globe, have been engines of innovation since Plato and
Socrates bickered in an Athenian marketplace. The streets of Florence gave us the Renaissance and the streets of Birmingham gave us the Industrial Revolution", concluding:
51:
cast
Birmingham as one of the world's great examples of urban creativity: surveying its history from the 16th to the 20th centuries she described it as a "great, confused laboratory of ideas", noting how its chaotic structure as a "muddle of oddments" meant that it "grew through constant
1275:(1892–1984), managing director of the lighting factory, Best & Lloyd, designed the "Bestlite" adjustable table lamp, which was first produced in 1930 and continues to be manufactured. Best was a member of the Design and Industries Association and was influenced by
1069:
and included over 60 events around the city. The independent festival is open to not only stand-up comedy, but any art form, including theatre, music, visual arts, film, dance and spoken word, and in 2017 won What's On
Readers' Awards for Best Midlands Arts Festival.
2814:
785:, a fact reflected in its role as both a subject and a source for the newly dominant literary form of the novel. The diversification of the city's literary output continued into the 20th century, encompassing writing as varied as the uncompromising
1269:(1888–1963) made the Birmingham School of Printing a profound influence on a generation of typographers, and set the pattern for printing education worldwide. More recent small-press printers included F. E. Pardoe and David Wishart.
780:
brought new thinking to areas as diverse as poetry, philosophy, history, fiction and children's literature. By the Victorian era Birmingham was one of the largest towns in England and at the forefront of the emergence of modern
1838:
during September, where families can enjoy many of the city's arts, for free. It is said to be the largest free arts festival in the UK. In December 2006 the city council announced that it would no longer hold Artsfest.
85:
was weak, becoming a haven for incomers who did not fit in with established thinking elsewhere: religious non-conformists, scientific and literary free-thinkers, industrial entrepreneurs and political dissenters. The
2818:
1842:, but it continued in 2008 under the support of Brindley Place, Centro, Kerrang Radio and of course, Birmingham City Council. There are a number of events scheduled for the forthcoming months in Birmingham
76:
The roots of this distinctive cultural trait lie in Birmingham's unique social and economic history. By the early 1600s the area had already developed a reputation as one where the traditional power of the
106:
activity, and the emergence of an unusually tolerant, secular society, characterised by "unfussy conviviality ... lack of dogmatism ... and a sponge-like ability to absorb new ideas". This openness and
1065:
and Dylan Moran. The festival also runs the Breaking Talent Award, a comedy award for new and early career acts from across the wider West Midlands (established 2014). 2012's festival was headlined by
1116:
was born in Birmingham, spent his first twenty years in the city, and later became the president of the Birmingham Society of Artists (which dates from 1826). He strongly influenced the
1139:, the most avant-garde movement of the time. Between 1964 and 1975 he was head of the Faculty of Fine Art at Birmingham College of Art and continued to live in the city until his death.
1095:
An "Academy of Arts" was organised in 1814, and an exhibition of paintings took place in Union Passage that year. A School of Design, or "Society of Arts", was started February 7, 1821;
1040:. Other leading figures include Jo Enright (Lab Rats, Phoenix Nights, Time Trumpet), Natalie Haynes, James Cook, Weakest Link winner Andy White and Barbara Nice (the creation of actress
3326:
2834:
Thirties, British Art and Design before the War: An Exhibition Organised by the Arts Council of Great Britain in Collaboration with the Victoria & Albert Museum, Hayward Gallery
1475:
ball park is home to many graffiti murals that change on a regular basis. Other graffiti art can be seen across the city on disused buildings and canal towpaths as well as subways.
1150:
was an important centre for alternative comic art in the late 1970s; in the 1990s the Birmingham Museum and Art Gallery staged a historical retrospective of the work made there.
2439:
2733:
1840:
1249:(1706–1775) was a noted type designer, the developer of wove paper, and typographic businessman in fine printing. His Baskerville font is still in wide use today. The
445:
and Mary Wakelam Sloan. The musician-led Blam! also present regular jazz sessions in several venues around the city. Jazz musicians associated with the city include
856:'s work has been called the greatest body of poetry written in the English language over the last century; while notable contemporary writers from the city include
566:
565:
in the 1960s, and by the 1980s had established itself as the global centre of bhangra culture, which has grown into a global phenomenon embraced by members of the
1208:
2249:
3500:
2413:
Feigel, Lara (2007). "Buggery and Montage: Birmingham and Bloomsbury in the 1930s". In Burrells, Anna; Ellis, Steve; Parsons, Deborah; Simpson, Kathryn (eds.).
259:, which in acoustic terms is widely considered to be one of the greatest concert halls of the 20th century and also hosts concerts by many visiting orchestras.
2773:
1235:. Vanley Burke also created a major portfolio of British West Indian and African themed portrait and community photography from the 1970s to the 21st century.
172:
music scene of 2013. The city's "tradition of the untraditional", of moving forward through "waves of creative destruction", has also led to what the novelist
3233:
1406:
1313:
A variety of contemporary public art is located around the city centre, most of it created by artists from outside the Midlands. The construction of the
1250:
1686:
Birmingham has not been especially prominent in British cinema, however there are a number of films that have been filmed partly or wholly in the city:
1188:
made an extensive series of photographs for the Bournville Village Trust in Birmingham, between 1939 and 1943. These have been published as the book
772:
The 18th century saw the town's radicalism widen to encompass other literary areas, and while Birmingham's tradition of vigorous literary debate on
1192:(Dewi Lewis, 2004). The post-war changes in the cityscape, especially the clearance of older housing and the changes to the central markets, were
3438:
3377:
3291:
2673:
2028:
1326:
833:
769:
and saw it emerge as a haven for free-thinkers and radicals, encouraging the birth of a vibrant culture of writing, printing and publishing.
252:
1012:
festival has presented a performance art festival. It has recently begun commissioning new works from British and international performers.
1253:
operated a fine arts small-press, the Press of the Birmingham Guild of Handicraft. From 1895 until 1919 this Press produced books in the
601:, expounding racial unity with politically leftist lyrics and multiracial line-ups, mirroring social currents in Birmingham at that time.
388:
1455:
online collaborates with the private, public and voluntary sector by developing and producing a diverse range of multimedia art projects.
3505:
3316:
3276:
1435:
263:
197:
43:, and the unusually fragmented but innovative culture that results has been widely remarked upon by commentators. Writing in 1969, the
3480:
3143:
3091:
1425:
1372:
2922:
1428:
displays a regular showcase of modern art which includes local artists and others sometimes from the city's own extensive collection.
2601:
2447:
2356:
1959:
1357:
876:
841:
2582:"Iron and Steel: Forging Heavy Metal's Song Structures or the Impact of Black Sabbath and Judas Priest on Metal's Musical Language"
1265:(1876–1981) was a Birmingham printing house that substantially contributed to the development of a British typography. The teacher
200:
took place from 1784 to 1912 and was considered the grandest of its kind throughout Britain. Music was written for the festival by
2748:
1177:
lived and worked at nearby Wolverhampton, and was a founder member of the Birmingham Photographic Society. The BPS later elected
270:, who give concert performances under music director Barry Wordsworth in addition to playing for the Birmingham Royal Ballet; and
3453:
3226:
1096:
446:
431:
131:
This inherently non-conformist culture has tended to set Birmingham apart from the London-dominated English cultural mainstream.
1220:
392:
1619:, until the complex was closed in 1997, and Central moved to its current Gas Street studios. These were also the main hub for
3458:
3423:
3281:
3271:
3266:
3161:
3115:
3057:
3039:
3014:
2899:
2842:
2710:
2398:
2318:
2285:
2103:
2058:
946:
3211:
2798:
3403:
3372:
2414:
1779:
1723:
1462:
hosts theatre performances, concerts, literature and poetry showcases, courses, film screenings and small art exhibitions.
380:
191:
95:
466:
3413:
3367:
1166:
1136:
950:
470:
292:
1008:
produce work for schools, colleges and arts centres as well as film, television and radio. For ten years, Birmingham's
3443:
3306:
3219:
1819:
1811:
1747:
1653:
1645:
934:
880:
490:
155:
1739:
1640:
The city is served by numerous national and regional radio stations, as well as local radio stations. These include
722:
on Bristol Street opened in September 2009, replacing the previous Academy venue in Dale End, which is now known as
116:, noting the diversity of Birmingham's culture as early as 1782, remarked that "the wonder consists in finding such
21:
3393:
3311:
1854:
1232:
1117:
1057:
980:
902:
296:
282:
256:
227:
159:
113:
3186:
1559:
410:
319:
875:
The city also has a tradition of distinctive literary subcultures, from the Puritan writers who established the
712:
writing that "Birmingham is fast becoming the best place in the UK to look to for the most exciting new music".
3428:
3347:
2864:
2644:
1361:
1258:
930:
906:
755:
743:
534:
376:
326:
308:
235:
91:
3181:
806:
1219:
Archive holds in excess of 14,000 photographic images from 1982–present. Caesar's recent exhibitions include
3362:
3352:
3331:
1615:
1551:
1174:
976:
598:
522:
478:
315:
304:
245:
231:
1110:
The first Ballot for pictures to be chosen from the Annual Exhibition of Local Artists took place in 1835.
213:
3448:
1795:
1755:
1661:
1395:
1228:
1121:
1104:
1045:
968:
897:
777:
625:
333:
in a burnt-out ice rink in the Chinese Quarter). Its artistic director, Graham Vick, has also directed at
164:
87:
3357:
3261:
3084:
Industrial Enlightenment: Science, technology and culture in Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760–1820
2493:
1641:
1623:, until that was moved to Manchester in 2004. Central's output from Birmingham now consists of only the
1314:
1207:), and Brian Homer were three community photographers and activists in Handsworth, and they facilitated
1005:
954:
727:
715:
641:
364:
357:
267:
99:
2053:, Cambridge Studies in Early Modern British History, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, p. 9,
1364:
and although only a small gallery it was declared 'Gallery of the Year' by the Good Britain Guide 2004.
1224:
1431:
329:– specialises in staging innovative performances in unusual venues (in 2005 it performed Monteverdi's
2017:
Triumph of the City: How Our Best Invention Makes Us Richer, Smarter, Greener, Healthier, and Happier
1715:
1699:
1665:
1598:
1341:
1178:
1162:(1838–1914) lived and worked in Erdington, Birmingham. The Birmingham Central Library now holds the
1092:
was a Birmingham watercolour artist and president of the Associated Artists in Water Colour in 1810.
857:
786:
609:
384:
353:
173:
25:
1445:
is now one of the largest media and arts villages in Europe, with occasional exhibitions and modern
1336:
Contemporary African-Caribbean artists and photographers who have exhibited internationally include
537:
had a collective influence that stretched into the 1970s and beyond. The city was the birthplace of
481:
and also commissions new works from both local performers and performers of international standing.
3463:
3433:
1649:
1586:
1574:
1509:
1488:
1298:. Local artists who use urban Birmingham as their canvas (this is illegal, and regarded by some as
1159:
1143:
910:
2534:. The Victoria History Of The County Of Warwick. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 209–222
517:
it was "a seething cauldron of musical activity", and the international success of groups such as
3418:
1731:
1303:
1272:
1266:
1113:
1089:
892:
869:
782:
613:
422:
400:
338:
108:
2832:
2621:
2734:"Cultural Production in the British Bhangra Music Industry: Music-Making, Locality, and Gender"
2389:
Granelli, Remo (1984), "Architecture: All the World and Time Enough", in Crawford, Alan (ed.),
1607:
studios in Birmingham were the location for the recording of many programmes for ITV including
3398:
3157:
3139:
3111:
3087:
3071:
3053:
3035:
3010:
3000:
2838:
2706:
2700:
2669:
2597:
2394:
2314:
2308:
2281:
2275:
2099:
2054:
2024:
1988:
1955:
1949:
1578:
1505:
1410:
1079:
997:
983:
has theatre facilities and hosts numerous amateur productions. The actors in the long-running
814:
739:
661:
538:
503:
442:
396:
372:
342:
217:
201:
103:
82:
2581:
2093:
1554:, which is distributed to homes in the city. Birmingham is also the hub for various national
3101:
2663:
2525:
2048:
1691:
1466:
1459:
1246:
1132:
1049:
972:
963:
884:
845:
802:
723:
673:
649:
454:
285:
78:
3030:
Higgott, Andrew (2000), "Birmingham – Building the modern city", in Deckker, Thomas (ed.),
1135:
in Paris and after World War 2 became the only British member of the Surrealist-influenced
3131:
2926:
1787:
1633:
1524:
1518:
1442:
1402:
1254:
1170:
1041:
849:
794:
708:
562:
526:
209:
145:
called it an "off-shore island in the middle of England". Writing in 1945, while the poet
133:
40:
2529:
2365:
322:, based in Edgbaston, and which claims to be the world's oldest vocational dance school.
177:
humour, often leading to its being stereotyped as "a non-place surrounded by motorways".
1982:
427:
2970:
2012:
1582:
1535:
1530:
1501:
1368:
1276:
1029:
1001:
888:
822:
594:
530:
149:
was arguably the dominant figure of English literature worldwide, the American critic
69:
945:
There are many theatres in Birmingham. The four largest professional theatres are the
3494:
3321:
2020:
1387:
1345:
1100:
926:
905:. This tradition continues today, with notable groups of writers associated with the
837:
826:
818:
665:
653:
633:
590:
542:
499:
279:
150:
90:
that followed in the 18th century saw the town's growth into an important centre of
44:
36:
1290:(or "spraycan art") culture appeared in the early 1980s, with the area featuring in
406:
1707:
1379:
1337:
1262:
1212:
1128:
1033:
1025:
810:
798:
735:
691:
554:
550:
546:
450:
239:
266:, a chamber orchestra specialising in modern music with some world premieres; the
3105:
3004:
993:
live in and around Birmingham, where the supposedly rural programme is recorded.
879:
in the 1640s; through the 18th century philosophers, scientists and poets of the
1675:
1670:
1604:
1570:
1497:
1452:
1418:
1414:
1216:
1185:
1147:
1066:
989:
984:
853:
790:
731:
687:
657:
617:
605:
582:
514:
509:
During the 1960s Birmingham was the home of a music scene comparable to that of
462:
458:
368:
349:
275:
271:
146:
121:
53:
48:
2584:. In Brown, Andy R.; Kahn-Harris, Keith; Scott, Niall; Spracklen, Karl (eds.).
1493:
3247:
3243:
1391:
1383:
1211:
on the streets of Handsworth, Birmingham. Other notable photographers include
1062:
1037:
913:, and the city's burgeoning crime fiction, science fiction and poetry scenes.
865:
761:
703:
637:
629:
142:
65:
57:
32:
1992:
1163:
553:
having come from Birmingham. The next decade saw the influential metal bands
230:
was born in Alma Street, Aston on 9 August 1875, the son of a teacher at the
3206:
3176:
2948:
2877:
2593:
1843:
1594:
1590:
1547:
1472:
1446:
1291:
1120:, which formed the link between late Romanticism in the visual arts and the
1021:
861:
695:
621:
570:
510:
64:
with the "solid, uniform, pacific" culture of the outwardly similar city of
2419:. Clemson, South Carolina: Clemson University Digital Press. pp. 51–57
1322:
1310:. Street art competitions are still regularly held at the Custard Factory.
1193:
387:. Concerts also regularly take place in churches around the city including
291:
Birmingham is an important centre for musical education as the home of the
73:"wandering these cities ... is to study nothing less than human progress."
2702:
Encyclopedia of Diasporas: Immigrant and Refugee Cultures Around the World
1888:
1834:
1287:
1124:
who were prominent in the city's arts in the early and mid-20th century.
773:
645:
558:
518:
334:
3075:
1674:, the world's longest running radio soap, is recorded in Birmingham for
1099:(the first Lord Wenlock) presenting a valuable collection of casts from
1763:
1009:
958:
765:
680:
669:
300:
2900:"Lights, campus, action for BBC Birmingham's Television Drama Village"
2440:"Introducing: The Next Wave Of B-town Bands To Get Your Blood Shaking"
1479:
There are a variety of other small and private galleries in the city.
832:
Writers with roots in Birmingham have had an international influence.
441:
Limited that runs Birmingham Town Hall and Symphony Hall, directed by
224:, who wrote four of his most well known choral pieces for Birmingham.
141:, of being different despite being the bullseye of Britain". The poet
2589:
1657:
1609:
1555:
1307:
1299:
684:
574:
205:
169:
2552:
2095:
Experience and identity: Birmingham and the West Midlands, 1760-1800
1469:
features works of African, Asian and Caribbean contemporary artists.
541:, with pioneering metal bands from the late 1960s and 1970s such as
2586:
Global Metal Music and Culture: Current Directions in Metal Studies
2256:, London: Independent News and Media Limited (published 6 May 2011)
1438:
and the 'New Gallery' in St Paul's square also shows local artists.
1103:
sculpture. The first exhibition was held in 1826, in a building on
120:
in such variety". Over two centuries later in 2008 the philosopher
2393:, Birmingham: Birmingham Museums and Art Gallery, pp. 41–60,
1771:
1492:
426:
405:
221:
20:
1321:
which were erected at the main entrance, a huge mural on a glass
776:
issues was to survive into the Victorian era, the writers of the
477:
Symphony Hall. It enjoys the support of the city council and the
3050:
Birmingham: The First Manufacturing Town in the World, 1760-1840
1954:, University of California Press (published 1965), p. 185,
1803:
1620:
1585:
network production centre. These were previously located at the
1330:
1318:
852:
and one of the bestselling authors in the history of the world;
586:
437:
363:
Birmingham's other principal classical music venues include The
3215:
3201:
3154:
City-State and Nation: Birmingham's Political History 1830–1940
1238:
The city is home to famed fashion photographer Garazi Gardner.
690:
scene has attracted widespread attention, led by bands such as
495:
2563:
2391:
By Hammer and Hand: The Arts and Crafts Movement in Birmingham
1566:
1413:, and has continued with exhibitions by artists as diverse as
699:
578:
3191:
3107:
Remaking Birmingham: the visual culture of urban regeneration
561:
arise from the city. Birmingham was the birthplace of modern
262:
Other professional orchestras based in the city include the
3196:
3001:"Commerce and Creativity in Eighteenth-Century Birmingham"
2050:
Politics, Society and Civil War in Warwickshire, 1620–1660
1516:
Birmingham has several major local newspapers – the daily
1329:
and three fountains in St Martin's Square in the shape of
726:. Birmingham's other city-centre music venues include the
311:
to provide a free series of weekly public organ recitals.
2699:
Ember, Melvin; Ember, Carol R.; Skoggard, Ian A. (2005),
887:; the Victorian Catholic revival writers associated with
2804:, Birmingham, spring 2017. Retrieved on 9 November 2017.
2280:, Manchester: Manchester University Press, p. 194,
2098:, Manchester: Manchester University Press, p. 87,
1333:, which are illuminated at night in different colours.
1209:
the 'Handsworth Self Portrait' series of self-portraits
1199:
In late 1979, Derek Bishton (now Consultant Editor for
137:
wrote in 2012 of Birmingham's "intangible sense of the
60:– contrasted the "experimental, adventurous, diverse"
3102:"Introduction: The Creative Destruction of Birmingham"
1832:
From 1997 the city has hosted an annual arts festival
1573:, in the city centre, is the national headquarters of
2694:
2692:
1004:
which was founded in the city over thirty years ago.
2837:. Arts Council of Great Britain. 1979. p. 285.
2774:"Forget Madchester, it's all about the B-Town scene"
2250:"Praise the Sabbath: now Birmingham shows its metal"
933:
were members of Birmingham's theatrical scene. The
3386:
3340:
3299:
3254:
2815:"Two Birmingham Printers - Birmingham City Council"
2338:
2336:
3006:Markets and Manufacture in Early Industrial Europe
2878:"About Us – Information about BBC English Regions"
2195:
2193:
996:Birmingham also hosts a number of independent and
1367:Birmingham has one of the largest collections of
274:, one of the country's oldest and most respected
56:– in a classic comparison later expanded upon by
1987:, London: Oxford University Press, p. 124,
764:originally grew out of the culture of religious
513:. Although it produced no single band as big as
124:could still describe "the city's unique, almost
2665:Black Sabbath and the rise of heavy metal music
2615:
2613:
2575:
2573:
2571:
1882:
1880:
1878:
1876:
1874:
35:is characterised by a deep-seated tradition of
895:; to the politically engaged 1930s writers of
325:Birmingham's professional opera company – the
3227:
2313:, University of Delaware Press, p. 171,
1173:. The Victorian "father of art photography",
8:
604:Other popular bands from Birmingham include
128:mixture of individualism and co-operation".
3086:, Manchester: Manchester University Press,
1597:, is a production facility specialising in
3234:
3220:
3212:
3034:, Taylor & Francis, pp. 150–168,
2668:. Farnham: Ashgate Publishing. p. 7.
1409:. It opened with a major retrospective of
1251:Birmingham Guild and School of Handicrafts
1221:From Jamaica Row – Rebirth of the Bullring
1203:), John Reardon (became Picture Editor of
2277:Contemporary British Poetry and the City
1668:'s West Midlands News & Admin Team.
1631:editions of the regional news programme
494:
2741:International Journal of Punjab Studies
2479:
2467:
2342:
2235:
2211:
1870:
848:is the dominant figure in the genre of
2199:
2172:
1935:
1923:
1911:
3138:, London: Unbound, pp. 106–111,
3052:, London: Weidenfeld & Nicolson,
2949:"Radio stations in the West Midlands"
2364:, Arts Co., p. 2, archived from
2184:
2148:
2136:
2124:
2079:
2042:
1984:Victorian England: Portrait of an Age
1558:media, and the base for two regional
1048:is the city's main comedy venue. The
253:City of Birmingham Symphony Orchestra
7:
3501:Culture in Birmingham, West Midlands
3110:, London: Routledge, pp. 1–10,
2223:
2160:
2971:"The Archers airs 15,000th episode"
2799:"What's On Readers' Awards Winners"
2705:, New York: Springer, p. 282,
1562:editions (East and West Midlands).
1436:Royal Birmingham Society of Artists
1426:Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery
1373:Birmingham Museum & Art Gallery
979:also host many professional plays.
844:to appear in the English language;
264:Birmingham Contemporary Music Group
198:Birmingham Triennial Music Festival
2494:"Catherine O'Flynn: brutal truths"
1593:. The BBC Drama Village, based in
1020:Comedians from Birmingham include
471:King Pleasure and the Biscuit Boys
14:
2643:Trilling, Daniel (26 July 2007).
1358:The Barber Institute of Fine Arts
1196:by Phyllis Nicklin (1913?-1969).
838:first complete authorised edition
573:. The 1970s also saw the rise of
379:, the Barber Concert Hall at the
348:Visiting opera companies such as
16:Overview of culture of Birmingham
3476:
3475:
3290:
3242:
2772:King, Alison (13 October 2012).
2500:, London (published 5 July 2012)
1569:has two facilities in the city.
730:, which was opened in 1991, the
318:resides in the city as does the
52:diversification". The historian
3009:, Routledge, pp. 173–202,
2902:. BBC Press Release. 9 May 2005
2732:Dudrah, Rajinder Kumar (2002),
2492:Rustin, Susanna (5 July 2010),
2310:W.H. Auden: contexts for poetry
2307:Firchow, Peter Edgerly (2002),
1407:International Convention Centre
1325:located at the entrance facing
581:in the city with such bands as
238:, where he beat the runner-up,
2921:Carey, Lee (1 February 2003).
2248:Beabland, Chris (5 May 2011),
702:comparing Digbeth to London's
569:worldwide from Los Angeles to
1:
1948:Briggs, Asa (24 March 1993),
1889:"The great toyshop of Europe"
1724:I Bought a Vampire Motorcycle
1424:The Waterhall gallery in the
1231:, his work is represented in
399:, St Alban's in Highgate and
381:Barber Institute of Fine Arts
331:Il Ritorno d'Ulisse in Patria
251:The internationally renowned
242:, for a musical scholarship.
192:Classical music of Birmingham
2925:. Studio One. Archived from
2780:. Independent News and Media
2528:. In Stephens, W. B. (ed.).
2526:"Social History before 1815"
2444:Hooting And Howling Magazine
2438:Riley, Mark (2 April 2013),
1887:Plant, Sadie (2 June 2003),
951:Birmingham Repertory Theatre
293:UCE Birmingham Conservatoire
168:writers of the 1930s to the
2355:O’Flynn, Catherine (2008),
1820:Kingsman: The Golden Circle
1812:The Girl With All The Gifts
1748:Sex Lives of the Potato Men
1654:Greatest Hits West Midlands
1646:102.2 Capital FM Birmingham
1131:(1915–97) had studied with
937:trains actors in the city.
935:Birmingham School of Acting
491:Popular music of Birmingham
3522:
3506:Culture by city in England
3202:Birmingham Comedy Festival
3197:mac (Midlands Arts Centre)
3156:, Chichester: Phillimore,
3104:, in Kennedy, Liam (ed.),
3070:, New York: Random House,
1855:Architecture of Birmingham
1486:
1233:Birmingham Central Library
1077:
1058:Birmingham Comedy Festival
981:Sutton Coldfield Town Hall
760:The literary tradition of
753:
488:
420:
297:Royal College of Organists
189:
158:of the 1750s, through the
3472:
3288:
3032:The modern city revisited
3003:, in Berg, Maxine (ed.),
2923:"Ever Decreasing Circles"
2747:: 206–207, archived from
2580:Elflein, Dietmar (2017).
1315:Bull Ring Shopping Centre
1164:Benjamin Stone Collection
801:, the popular romance of
676:all grew up in the city.
467:Douglas "Dougle" Robinson
356:perform regularly at the
320:Elmhurst School for Dance
68:. The American economist
3082:Jones, Peter M. (2009),
2662:Cope, Andrew L. (2010).
2524:Stephens, W. B. (1964).
1577:and the headquarters of
1371:art in the world at The
1362:University of Birmingham
1259:Arts and Crafts Movement
907:University of Birmingham
877:first Birmingham Library
756:Literature of Birmingham
744:Birmingham Conservatoire
535:Electric Light Orchestra
377:Birmingham Conservatoire
327:Birmingham Opera Company
309:Birmingham City Organist
236:Trinity College of Music
234:. Ketèlbey attended the
2865:Artwork of the Bullring
1552:Birmingham City Council
1175:Oscar Gustave Rejlander
1158:Victorian photographer
1061:McIntyre, Lenny Henry,
977:Old Joint Stock Theatre
523:The Spencer Davis Group
479:Arts Council of England
316:Birmingham Royal Ballet
305:Birmingham City Council
295:, founded in 1859. The
228:Albert William Ketèlbey
3207:Birmingham music files
3134:(2012), "Birmingham",
3100:Kennedy, Liam (2004),
3048:Hopkins, Eric (1989),
2531:The City of Birmingham
1662:New Style Radio 98.7FM
1513:
1405:is located inside the
1122:Birmingham Surrealists
778:Midlands Enlightenment
626:Dexys Midnight Runners
506:
434:
413:
232:Vittoria School of Art
88:Midlands Enlightenment
28:
3317:Parks and open spaces
3277:Science and invention
3187:Created in Birmingham
3068:The Economy of Cities
3066:Jacobs, Jane (1969),
2999:Berg, Maxine (1991),
2274:Barry, Peter (2000),
1981:Young, G. M. (1936),
1496:
1317:included three light
1242:Design and typography
1127:The Scottish painter
1097:Sir Robert Lawley, Bt
1000:companies, including
955:Birmingham Hippodrome
728:National Indoor Arena
498:
430:
409:
389:St Phillips Cathedral
365:National Indoor Arena
268:Royal Ballet Sinfonia
162:of the 1890s and the
62:culture of Birmingham
24:
3152:Ward, Roger (2005),
3136:Museum without Walls
2564:Mostly Jazz Festival
2358:The Other Birmingham
2092:Money, John (1977),
2047:Hughes, Ann (2002),
1700:A Private Enterprise
1396:Number 9 The Gallery
1283:Contemporary artists
1229:That Beautiful Thing
1190:Homes Fit For Heroes
1179:Henry Peach Robinson
1169:27 June 2010 at the
610:Fine Young Cannibals
403:on the Hagley Road.
385:Birmingham Town Hall
354:Welsh National Opera
341:in New York and the
26:Birmingham Town Hall
3192:Birmingham ArtsFest
2645:"Rocking the world"
2416:Woolfian Boundaries
2371:on 10 December 2009
1756:Don't Stop Dreaming
1650:Heart West Midlands
1587:Pebble Mill Studios
1575:BBC English Regions
1534:, all owned by the
1510:BBC English Regions
1489:Media in Birmingham
1449:and water features.
1201:The Daily Telegraph
1144:Birmingham Arts Lab
911:Tindal Street Press
738:in Digbeth and the
2754:on 12 October 2013
2596:. pp. 35–49.
2450:on 14 October 2013
1938:, pp. 126–127
1732:Bhaji on the Beach
1514:
1500:, headquarters of
1327:New Street station
1273:Robert Dudley Best
1261:. George Kynoch's
1160:Sir Benjamin Stone
1114:Edward Burne-Jones
1006:Round midnight ltd
971:arts centres, the
893:Birmingham Oratory
870:Benjamin Zephaniah
807:children's stories
783:industrial society
734:, opened in 1997,
614:Ocean Colour Scene
507:
435:
423:Jazz of Birmingham
414:
339:Metropolitan Opera
109:cultural pluralism
83:established church
29:
3488:
3487:
3307:Constituent areas
3182:Birmingham Alive!
3177:Birmingham Events
2977:. 7 November 2006
2675:978-0-7546-6881-7
2624:. All Music Guide
2553:Harmonic Festival
2030:978-1-59420-277-3
1828:Major arts events
1740:Felicia's Journey
1579:BBC West Midlands
1506:BBC West Midlands
1411:Robert Lenkiewicz
1386:former school in
1360:is housed at the
1257:tradition of the
1225:Muzik Kinda Sweet
1184:The photographer
1080:Art of Birmingham
998:community theatre
953:("The Rep"), the
947:Alexandra Theatre
815:theatre criticism
787:modernist fiction
740:Adrian Boult Hall
662:Sukshinder Shinda
539:heavy metal music
443:Tony Dudley-Evans
397:Jewellery Quarter
373:Adrian Boult Hall
343:Royal Opera House
283:period instrument
255:'s home venue is
220:and most notably
174:Catherine O'Flynn
3513:
3479:
3478:
3424:Listed buildings
3294:
3272:Military history
3267:Economic history
3246:
3236:
3229:
3222:
3213:
3166:
3148:
3132:Meades, Jonathan
3127:
3126:
3124:
3096:
3078:
3062:
3044:
3026:
3025:
3023:
2987:
2986:
2984:
2982:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2956:
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2918:
2912:
2911:
2909:
2907:
2896:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2885:
2874:
2868:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2853:
2851:
2829:
2823:
2822:
2817:. Archived from
2811:
2805:
2796:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2769:
2763:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2753:
2738:
2729:
2723:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2696:
2687:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2640:
2634:
2633:
2631:
2629:
2617:
2608:
2607:
2577:
2566:
2561:
2555:
2550:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2521:
2515:
2509:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2489:
2483:
2477:
2471:
2465:
2459:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2446:, archived from
2435:
2429:
2428:
2426:
2424:
2410:
2404:
2403:
2386:
2380:
2379:
2378:
2376:
2370:
2363:
2352:
2346:
2340:
2331:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2271:
2265:
2264:
2263:
2261:
2245:
2239:
2233:
2227:
2221:
2215:
2209:
2203:
2197:
2188:
2182:
2176:
2170:
2164:
2158:
2152:
2146:
2140:
2134:
2128:
2122:
2116:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2089:
2083:
2077:
2071:
2070:
2069:
2067:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2009:
2003:
2002:
2001:
1999:
1978:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1951:Victorian Cities
1945:
1939:
1933:
1927:
1926:, pp. 87–88
1921:
1915:
1909:
1903:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1884:
1599:television drama
1544:Birmingham Voice
1467:Drum Arts Centre
1432:Harborne Gallery
1302:) have included
1247:John Baskerville
1118:Birmingham Group
973:Crescent Theatre
903:Birmingham Group
885:Shenstone Circle
846:J. R. R. Tolkien
803:Barbara Cartland
724:Forum Birmingham
674:Fyfe Dangerfield
650:Joan Armatrading
455:Julian Arguelles
160:Birmingham Group
47:-based urbanist
3521:
3520:
3516:
3515:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3510:
3491:
3490:
3489:
3484:
3468:
3404:Classical music
3382:
3336:
3295:
3286:
3250:
3240:
3173:
3164:
3151:
3146:
3130:
3122:
3120:
3118:
3099:
3094:
3081:
3065:
3060:
3047:
3042:
3029:
3021:
3019:
3017:
2998:
2990:
2980:
2978:
2969:
2968:
2964:
2954:
2952:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2905:
2903:
2898:
2897:
2893:
2883:
2881:
2876:
2875:
2871:
2863:
2859:
2849:
2847:
2845:
2831:
2830:
2826:
2821:on 4 June 2011.
2813:
2812:
2808:
2797:
2793:
2783:
2781:
2778:The Independent
2771:
2770:
2766:
2757:
2755:
2751:
2736:
2731:
2730:
2726:
2717:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2697:
2690:
2680:
2678:
2676:
2661:
2653:
2651:
2642:
2641:
2637:
2627:
2625:
2622:"The Idle Race"
2619:
2618:
2611:
2604:
2579:
2578:
2569:
2562:
2558:
2551:
2547:
2537:
2535:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2512:
2503:
2501:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2478:
2474:
2466:
2462:
2453:
2451:
2437:
2436:
2432:
2422:
2420:
2412:
2411:
2407:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2383:
2374:
2372:
2368:
2361:
2354:
2353:
2349:
2341:
2334:
2325:
2323:
2321:
2306:
2305:
2301:
2292:
2290:
2288:
2273:
2272:
2268:
2259:
2257:
2254:The Independent
2247:
2246:
2242:
2234:
2230:
2222:
2218:
2210:
2206:
2198:
2191:
2183:
2179:
2171:
2167:
2159:
2155:
2147:
2143:
2135:
2131:
2123:
2119:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2091:
2090:
2086:
2078:
2074:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2046:
2041:
2037:
2031:
2013:Glaeser, Edward
2011:
2010:
2006:
1997:
1995:
1980:
1979:
1975:
1966:
1964:
1962:
1947:
1946:
1942:
1934:
1930:
1922:
1918:
1910:
1906:
1897:
1895:
1886:
1885:
1872:
1863:
1851:
1830:
1788:Land Gold Women
1684:
1634:Central Tonight
1525:Birmingham Post
1522:and the weekly
1519:Birmingham Mail
1491:
1485:
1443:Custard Factory
1441:The old Bird's
1403:Halcyon Gallery
1382:is housed in a
1354:
1285:
1255:Kelmscott Press
1244:
1171:Wayback Machine
1156:
1087:
1082:
1076:
1042:Janice Connolly
1018:
943:
924:
919:
850:fantasy fiction
795:science fiction
758:
752:
719:
709:The Independent
679:Since 2012 the
567:Indian diaspora
527:The Moody Blues
493:
487:
425:
419:
194:
188:
186:Classical music
183:
134:The Independent
41:experimentation
31:The culture of
17:
12:
11:
5:
3519:
3517:
3509:
3508:
3503:
3493:
3492:
3486:
3485:
3473:
3470:
3469:
3467:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3414:Food and drink
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3390:
3388:
3384:
3383:
3381:
3380:
3375:
3370:
3365:
3360:
3355:
3350:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3334:
3329:
3327:Tall buildings
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3303:
3301:
3297:
3296:
3289:
3287:
3285:
3284:
3279:
3274:
3269:
3264:
3258:
3256:
3252:
3251:
3241:
3239:
3238:
3231:
3224:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3204:
3199:
3194:
3189:
3184:
3179:
3172:
3171:External links
3169:
3168:
3167:
3162:
3149:
3145:978-1908717184
3144:
3128:
3116:
3097:
3093:978-0719077708
3092:
3079:
3063:
3058:
3045:
3040:
3027:
3015:
2989:
2988:
2962:
2940:
2913:
2891:
2869:
2857:
2843:
2824:
2806:
2791:
2764:
2724:
2711:
2688:
2674:
2635:
2609:
2602:
2567:
2556:
2545:
2516:
2510:
2484:
2472:
2460:
2430:
2405:
2399:
2381:
2347:
2345:, pp. 6–7
2332:
2319:
2299:
2286:
2266:
2240:
2228:
2216:
2204:
2189:
2177:
2165:
2153:
2141:
2129:
2117:
2104:
2084:
2072:
2059:
2045:, p. 62;
2035:
2029:
2004:
1973:
1960:
1940:
1928:
1916:
1904:
1869:
1862:
1859:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1829:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1744:
1736:
1728:
1720:
1712:
1704:
1696:
1683:
1680:
1583:BBC Birmingham
1536:Trinity Mirror
1531:Sunday Mercury
1502:BBC Birmingham
1487:Main article:
1484:
1481:
1477:
1476:
1470:
1463:
1456:
1450:
1439:
1429:
1422:
1399:
1390:and showcases
1376:
1369:Pre-Raphaelite
1365:
1353:
1350:
1284:
1281:
1277:Walter Gropius
1243:
1240:
1155:
1152:
1086:
1083:
1078:Main article:
1075:
1072:
1030:Jasper Carrott
1017:
1014:
1002:Banner Theatre
949:("the Alex"),
942:
939:
923:
920:
918:
915:
889:Oscott College
823:travel writing
754:Main article:
751:
748:
717:
549:, and half of
502:, pioneers of
489:Main article:
486:
483:
421:Main article:
418:
415:
190:Main article:
187:
184:
182:
179:
114:William Hutton
70:Edward Gleason
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3518:
3507:
3504:
3502:
3499:
3498:
3496:
3483:
3482:
3471:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3444:Popular music
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3385:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3351:
3349:
3346:
3345:
3343:
3339:
3333:
3330:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3322:Redevelopment
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3304:
3302:
3298:
3293:
3283:
3280:
3278:
3275:
3273:
3270:
3268:
3265:
3263:
3260:
3259:
3257:
3253:
3249:
3245:
3237:
3232:
3230:
3225:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3214:
3208:
3205:
3203:
3200:
3198:
3195:
3193:
3190:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3180:
3178:
3175:
3174:
3170:
3165:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3147:
3141:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3119:
3113:
3109:
3108:
3103:
3098:
3095:
3089:
3085:
3080:
3077:
3073:
3069:
3064:
3061:
3055:
3051:
3046:
3043:
3037:
3033:
3028:
3018:
3012:
3008:
3007:
3002:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2994:
2976:
2972:
2966:
2963:
2950:
2944:
2941:
2929:on 6 May 2008
2928:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2901:
2895:
2892:
2879:
2873:
2870:
2866:
2861:
2858:
2846:
2840:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2825:
2820:
2816:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2795:
2792:
2779:
2775:
2768:
2765:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2735:
2728:
2725:
2714:
2708:
2704:
2703:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2677:
2671:
2667:
2666:
2650:
2649:New Statesman
2646:
2639:
2636:
2623:
2620:Eder, Bruce.
2616:
2614:
2610:
2605:
2603:9781138062597
2599:
2595:
2591:
2587:
2583:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2568:
2565:
2560:
2557:
2554:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2514:
2511:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2470:, p. 151
2469:
2464:
2461:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2434:
2431:
2418:
2417:
2409:
2406:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2382:
2367:
2360:
2359:
2351:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2337:
2333:
2322:
2316:
2312:
2311:
2303:
2300:
2289:
2283:
2279:
2278:
2270:
2267:
2255:
2251:
2244:
2241:
2238:, p. 136
2237:
2232:
2229:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2208:
2205:
2202:, p. 109
2201:
2196:
2194:
2190:
2186:
2181:
2178:
2174:
2169:
2166:
2163:, p. 181
2162:
2157:
2154:
2150:
2145:
2142:
2138:
2133:
2130:
2126:
2121:
2118:
2107:
2101:
2097:
2096:
2088:
2085:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2062:
2056:
2052:
2051:
2044:
2039:
2036:
2032:
2026:
2023:, p. 6,
2022:
2021:Penguin Press
2018:
2014:
2008:
2005:
1994:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1977:
1974:
1963:
1961:9780520079229
1957:
1953:
1952:
1944:
1941:
1937:
1932:
1929:
1925:
1920:
1917:
1913:
1908:
1905:
1894:
1893:New Statesman
1890:
1883:
1881:
1879:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1856:
1853:
1852:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1827:
1822:
1821:
1817:
1814:
1813:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1798:
1797:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1777:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1766:
1765:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1753:
1750:
1749:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1733:
1729:
1726:
1725:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1705:
1702:
1701:
1697:
1694:
1693:
1689:
1688:
1687:
1681:
1679:
1677:
1673:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1647:
1643:
1638:
1636:
1635:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1617:
1612:
1611:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1572:
1568:
1563:
1561:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1526:
1521:
1520:
1511:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1490:
1482:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1468:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1444:
1440:
1437:
1433:
1430:
1427:
1423:
1420:
1416:
1412:
1408:
1404:
1400:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:Brindleyplace
1385:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1370:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1356:
1355:
1351:
1349:
1347:
1346:Donald Rodney
1344:and the late
1343:
1339:
1334:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1320:
1316:
1311:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1241:
1239:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1195:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1181:as a member.
1180:
1176:
1172:
1168:
1165:
1161:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1133:Fernand Léger
1130:
1125:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1102:
1098:
1093:
1091:
1084:
1081:
1073:
1071:
1068:
1064:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1047:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1015:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
994:
992:
991:
986:
982:
978:
974:
970:
966:
965:
960:
956:
952:
948:
940:
938:
936:
932:
928:
927:Kenneth Tynan
921:
916:
914:
912:
908:
904:
900:
899:
894:
890:
886:
882:
881:Lunar Society
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
836:compiled the
835:
830:
828:
827:Bruce Chatwin
824:
820:
819:Kenneth Tynan
816:
812:
808:
804:
800:
796:
792:
788:
784:
779:
775:
770:
767:
763:
757:
749:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
721:
713:
711:
710:
705:
701:
697:
693:
689:
686:
682:
677:
675:
671:
667:
666:Steve Winwood
663:
659:
655:
654:Toyah Willcox
651:
647:
643:
639:
635:
634:Ozzy Osbourne
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
611:
607:
602:
600:
596:
592:
591:Musical Youth
588:
584:
580:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
543:Black Sabbath
540:
536:
532:
528:
524:
520:
516:
512:
505:
501:
500:Black Sabbath
497:
492:
485:Popular music
484:
482:
480:
474:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:Andy Hamilton
444:
439:
433:
432:Andy Hamilton
429:
424:
416:
412:
411:Symphony Hall
408:
404:
402:
398:
394:
390:
386:
382:
378:
374:
370:
366:
361:
359:
355:
351:
346:
344:
340:
337:, Milan, the
336:
332:
328:
323:
321:
317:
312:
310:
306:
302:
298:
294:
289:
287:
284:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
260:
258:
257:Symphony Hall
254:
249:
247:
243:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
193:
185:
180:
178:
175:
171:
167:
166:
161:
157:
156:Lunar Society
152:
151:Edmund Wilson
148:
144:
140:
136:
135:
129:
127:
123:
119:
115:
110:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
84:
80:
74:
71:
67:
63:
59:
55:
50:
46:
42:
38:
37:individualism
34:
27:
23:
19:
3474:
3408:
3394:Architecture
3378:Water supply
3153:
3135:
3121:, retrieved
3106:
3083:
3067:
3049:
3031:
3020:, retrieved
3005:
2993:Bibliography
2992:
2991:
2979:. Retrieved
2974:
2965:
2953:. Retrieved
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:the original
2916:
2904:. Retrieved
2894:
2882:. Retrieved
2872:
2860:
2848:. Retrieved
2833:
2827:
2819:the original
2809:
2801:
2794:
2782:. Retrieved
2777:
2767:
2756:, retrieved
2749:the original
2744:
2740:
2727:
2716:, retrieved
2701:
2679:. Retrieved
2664:
2652:. Retrieved
2648:
2638:
2626:. Retrieved
2585:
2559:
2548:
2536:. Retrieved
2530:
2519:
2513:
2502:, retrieved
2498:The Guardian
2497:
2487:
2480:Kennedy 2004
2475:
2468:Higgott 2000
2463:
2452:, retrieved
2448:the original
2443:
2433:
2421:. Retrieved
2415:
2408:
2390:
2384:
2373:, retrieved
2366:the original
2357:
2350:
2343:Kennedy 2004
2324:, retrieved
2309:
2302:
2291:, retrieved
2276:
2269:
2258:, retrieved
2253:
2243:
2236:Hopkins 1989
2231:
2219:
2212:Kennedy 2004
2207:
2187:, p. 42
2180:
2175:, p. 87
2168:
2156:
2151:, p. 19
2144:
2132:
2127:, p. 66
2120:
2109:, retrieved
2094:
2087:
2082:, p. 65
2075:
2064:, retrieved
2049:
2038:
2019:, New York:
2016:
2007:
1996:, retrieved
1983:
1976:
1965:, retrieved
1950:
1943:
1931:
1919:
1914:, p. 92
1907:
1896:, retrieved
1892:
1865:
1864:
1833:
1831:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1746:
1738:
1730:
1722:
1714:
1708:Take Me High
1706:
1698:
1690:
1685:
1669:
1666:Smooth Radio
1639:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1614:
1608:
1603:
1564:
1550:produced by
1543:
1539:
1529:
1523:
1517:
1515:
1478:
1398:is close by.
1380:Ikon Gallery
1338:Pogus Caesar
1335:
1312:
1295:
1294:documentary
1286:
1271:
1263:Kynoch Press
1245:
1237:
1213:Pogus Caesar
1205:The Observer
1204:
1200:
1198:
1189:
1183:
1157:
1141:
1129:William Gear
1126:
1112:
1109:
1094:
1088:
1055:
1034:Shazia Mirza
1026:Tony Hancock
1019:
995:
988:
962:
944:
925:
896:
874:
831:
811:Rev W. Awdry
799:John Wyndham
771:
759:
736:O2 Institute
714:
707:
678:
628:. Musicians
603:
555:Napalm Death
551:Led Zeppelin
547:Judas Priest
508:
475:
451:Soweto Kinch
436:
362:
347:
330:
324:
313:
307:appoint the
299:is based in
290:
261:
250:
246:John Joubert
244:
240:Gustav Holst
226:
195:
163:
138:
132:
130:
125:
117:
75:
61:
30:
18:
2981:28 November
2951:. Radio Now
2681:18 December
2654:18 December
2482:, p. 1
2226:, p. 2
2214:, p. 7
2200:Meades 2012
2173:Jacobs 1969
2139:, p. 6
1936:Jacobs 1969
1924:Jacobs 1969
1912:Jacobs 1969
1676:BBC Radio 4
1671:The Archers
1605:Central/ATV
1571:The Mailbox
1498:The Mailbox
1453:OOM Gallery
1419:L. S. Lowry
1415:Rolf Harris
1342:Keith Piper
1267:Leonard Jay
1217:OOM Gallery
1186:Bill Brandt
1154:Photography
1148:Gosta Green
1074:Visual arts
1067:John Bishop
990:The Archers
931:David Edgar
922:Stage names
858:David Lodge
854:W. H. Auden
834:John Rogers
791:Henry Green
774:theological
732:CBSO Centre
698:, with the
688:indie music
658:Denny Laine
618:The Streets
606:Duran Duran
583:Steel Pulse
515:The Beatles
504:heavy metal
463:Tony Kinsey
459:Ronnie Ball
401:The Oratory
369:CBSO Centre
350:Opera North
345:in London.
276:early-music
272:Ex Cathedra
202:Mendelssohn
147:W. H. Auden
122:Sadie Plant
79:aristocracy
54:G. M. Young
49:Jane Jacobs
3495:Categories
3454:Public Art
3429:Literature
3348:Government
3341:Government
3312:Demography
3248:Birmingham
3163:1860773206
3123:9 February
3117:1134442580
3059:0297794736
3041:0419256407
3022:9 February
3016:0415037204
2844:0728702169
2712:0306483211
2504:9 February
2454:9 February
2400:0709301197
2375:9 February
2326:9 February
2320:0874137667
2293:9 February
2287:0719055946
2260:9 February
2185:Jones 2009
2149:Jones 2009
2137:Jones 2009
2125:Jones 2009
2111:9 February
2105:0719006724
2080:Jones 2009
2066:9 February
2060:0521520150
2043:Jones 2009
1998:9 February
1967:9 February
1898:9 February
1861:References
1796:Turbulence
1642:Free Radio
1616:Crossroads
1542:(formerly
1392:modern art
1384:neo-gothic
1194:documented
1105:New Street
1063:Matt Lucas
1038:Joe Lycett
866:Roy Fisher
766:puritanism
762:Birmingham
750:Literature
704:Shoreditch
642:John Lodge
638:Tony Iommi
630:Jeff Lynne
358:Hippodrome
143:Roy Fisher
100:theatrical
66:Manchester
58:Asa Briggs
33:Birmingham
3363:Education
3332:Transport
3300:Geography
2802:What's On
2594:Routledge
2538:2 January
2224:Ward 2005
2161:Berg 1991
1993:779066145
1780:Tormented
1692:Privilege
1595:Selly Oak
1591:Edgbaston
1548:freesheet
1473:Selly Oak
1447:sculpture
1352:Galleries
1300:vandalism
1292:Channel 4
1090:David Cox
1046:Glee Club
1022:Sid Field
898:Highfield
862:Jim Crace
842:The Bible
696:Swim Deep
622:The Twang
571:Singapore
511:Liverpool
393:St Paul's
375:(ABH) at
286:ensembles
165:Highfield
118:agreement
3481:Category
3449:Religion
3282:Timeline
2975:BBC News
2423:23 March
2015:(2011),
1849:See also
1835:ArtsFest
1716:The Firm
1581:and the
1288:Graffiti
1167:Archived
1085:Fine art
975:and the
957:and the
941:Theatres
901:and the
891:and the
883:and the
821:and the
646:Roy Wood
599:The Beat
559:Godflesh
533:and the
519:The Move
335:La Scala
210:Sullivan
126:declassé
104:artistic
92:literary
81:and the
45:New York
3409:Culture
3387:Culture
3373:Schools
3358:Economy
3353:Council
3262:History
3255:History
2955:22 July
2758:15 June
2718:15 June
1764:Clubbed
1546:) is a
1540:Forward
1296:Bombing
1101:Grecian
1044:). The
1010:Fierce!
987:serial
985:Radio 4
959:Old Rep
917:Theatre
809:of the
793:, the
742:at the
720:Academy
683:-based
681:Digbeth
670:Jamelia
595:Beshara
563:bhangra
531:Traffic
395:in the
367:(NIA),
301:Digbeth
280:Baroque
218:Bantock
96:musical
3439:People
3160:
3142:
3114:
3090:
3074:
3056:
3038:
3013:
2933:10 May
2906:7 June
2884:7 June
2850:24 May
2841:
2784:27 May
2709:
2672:
2600:
2590:London
2397:
2317:
2284:
2102:
2057:
2027:
1991:
1958:
1823:(2017)
1815:(2016)
1807:(2012)
1799:(2011)
1791:(2011)
1783:(2009)
1775:(2009)
1767:(2008)
1759:(2007)
1751:(2004)
1743:(1999)
1735:(1993)
1727:(1990)
1719:(1989)
1711:(1974)
1703:(1974)
1695:(1967)
1682:Cinema
1658:BBC WM
1610:Tiswas
1556:ethnic
1434:, the
1323:façade
1308:Goldie
1215:, his
1016:Comedy
961:. The
909:, the
813:, the
805:, the
706:, and
685:B-Town
575:reggae
214:Dvořák
206:Gounod
170:B-Town
3464:Sport
3459:Songs
3434:Media
2880:. BBC
2752:(PDF)
2737:(PDF)
2628:6 May
2369:(PDF)
2362:(PDF)
1866:Notes
1772:1 Day
1560:Metro
1483:Media
1331:cubes
1319:wands
1137:COBRA
692:Peace
222:Elgar
181:Music
139:other
3419:Jazz
3368:Flag
3158:ISBN
3140:ISBN
3125:2014
3112:ISBN
3088:ISBN
3076:5585
3072:OCLC
3054:ISBN
3036:ISBN
3024:2014
3011:ISBN
2983:2007
2957:2009
2935:2008
2908:2008
2886:2008
2852:2015
2839:ISBN
2786:2013
2760:2013
2720:2013
2707:ISBN
2683:2011
2670:ISBN
2656:2011
2630:2012
2598:ISBN
2540:2012
2506:2014
2456:2014
2425:2015
2395:ISBN
2377:2014
2328:2014
2315:ISBN
2295:2014
2282:ISBN
2262:2014
2113:2014
2100:ISBN
2068:2014
2055:ISBN
2025:ISBN
2000:2014
1989:OCLC
1969:2014
1956:ISBN
1900:2014
1804:Tezz
1664:and
1629:East
1627:and
1625:West
1621:CITV
1613:and
1565:The
1528:and
1508:and
1465:The
1458:The
1417:and
1401:The
1378:The
1306:and
1227:and
1142:The
1056:The
1036:and
969:Drum
967:and
929:and
868:and
694:and
672:and
624:and
597:and
587:UB40
577:and
557:and
469:and
438:Jazz
417:Jazz
383:and
352:and
314:The
278:and
196:The
102:and
39:and
3399:Art
2867:BBC
1589:in
1567:BBC
1460:mac
1304:Chu
1146:at
1050:mac
964:mac
840:of
825:of
817:of
797:of
789:of
700:NME
579:ska
3497::
2973:.
2776:.
2743:,
2739:,
2691:^
2660:;
2647:.
2612:^
2592::
2588:.
2570:^
2496:,
2442:,
2335:^
2252:,
2192:^
1891:,
1873:^
1845:.
1678:.
1660:,
1656:,
1652:,
1648:,
1644:,
1637:.
1601:.
1538:.
1504:,
1394:.
1348:.
1340:,
1279:.
1223:,
1107:.
1032:,
1028:,
1024:,
872:.
864:,
860:,
829:.
746:.
668:,
664:,
660:,
656:,
652:,
648:,
644:,
640:,
636:,
632:,
620:,
616:,
612:,
608:,
593:,
589:,
585:,
545:,
529:,
525:,
521:,
473:.
465:,
461:,
457:,
453:,
449:,
391:,
371:,
360:.
303:.
288:.
216:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
98:,
94:,
3235:e
3228:t
3221:v
2985:.
2959:.
2937:.
2910:.
2888:.
2854:.
2788:.
2745:9
2685:.
2658:.
2632:.
2606:.
2542:.
2427:.
1512:.
1421:.
1375:.
718:2
716:O
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
