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purposeful and dutiful life, in which rightful livelihood is earned. Human beings must remain true to their heritage and avoid materialistic pursuit. Mechanical and redundant work that deprives the soul of meaningful pursuit is looked down upon, while too much leisure also is not approved of. Women becoming part of the active workforce is considered failure of the economic system, as women have to leave looking after the children to indulge in economic way-fare, while the children are untended for. Like language, religion has also divided the people of South Asia. The major religions in the subcontinent are
Hinduism, Islam, Sikhism, Buddhism, and Christianity. Strong Indian, Chinese, Burmese and other Southeast Asian influences are still evident in traditional Thai culture. Buddhism, Animism and Westernization also play a significant role in shaping the culture. Three major forces have influenced the development of Buddhism in Thailand. The most visible influence is that of the Theravada school of Buddhism, imported from Sri Lanka. ... The second major influence on Thai Buddhism is Hindu beliefs received from Cambodia, particularly during the
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taking any form of medication are not prohibited. The medicines taken should not be intoxicating or affect the clarity of mind in any way. Any physical ill-being must be endured with patience and steadfastness, as any form of physical suffering allows time for self-reflection and spiritual progress. The best way to cure a disease is to improve one's diet by practicing vegetarianism, reflective of the non-violent way of living. Buddhism also lays great stress on fasting on special days which helps revitalize the physical and spiritual being. Any form of organ transplant has been viewed as a supreme form of generosity as well.
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Buddhist hymns or fanbei can give the following five graces: a reduction in physical fatigue, less confusion and forgetfulness, a reduction in mental fatigue, greater eloquence, and greater ease in expression and communication. Therefore, in the practice of
Buddhism, hymns or fanbei have an important role in daily living, for example in repentance ceremonies. They are not designed to try to elevate or excite the emotions of participants or practitioners, but in fact aim to help conserve emotional energy, calm the thinking, lessen desire, and allow practitioners to see their true nature with clarity.
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the historical life of the Buddha and the previous lives of the Buddha. The reluctance towards anthropomorphic representations of the Buddha, and the sophisticated development of aniconic symbols to avoid it (even in narrative scenes where other human figures would appear), is believed to be connected 70 Buddha's sayings that disfavoured representations of himself after the extinction of his body. This phase is defined as the aniconic phase of
Buddhist art. The iconic phase starts from the 1st century CE whereby the Buddha was given realistic human features and proportions.
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represented as musical places in which
Buddhist law takes the form of melodies. Most Buddhist practices also involve chant in some form, and some also make use of instrumental music and even dance. Music can act as an offering to the Buddha, as a means of memorizing Buddhist texts, and as a form of personal cultivation or meditation.
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Buddhism, which is also the first Indian religion to require large communal and monastic spaces, inspired three types of architecture; the first is the stupa, a significant object in
Buddhist art and architecture. The Stupas hold the most important place among all the earliest Buddhist sculptures. On
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In the earliest form of
Buddhist art, the Buddha was not represented in human form but instead was represented using signs and symbols such as footprints or an empty throne. From the fifth century B.C. to the first century B.C., Indian artists would make scriptures which revolved around the themes of
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For
Buddhism, mental health is of supreme importance, and individuals must strive towards improving this by practicing non-violence and refraining from sexual misconduct and lying. However, Buddhist traditions do acknowledge physical ill-being. Pain and suffering are inevitable like death, for which
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Economics or the way in which work life is organized and the demands of production are met form an integral part of any culture. Buddhist economics forms an integral part of the
Buddhist culture. Buddhist Economics does not work to maximum consumption but human well-being, which lies in a simple,
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The relationship between
Buddhism and music is thought to be complicated since the association of music with earthly desires led early Buddhists to condemn the musical practice, and even observation of musical performance, for monks and nuns. However, in Pure Land Buddhism Buddhist paradises are
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Buddhism forbids alcohol and other intoxicants because they may result in violations of others of the "Five Moral
Precepts": no killing, stealing, sexual misconduct, lying or partaking of intoxicants. In addition, intoxicants cloud the mind and interfere with the concentration needed to achieve
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Hymns are commonly used in the Buddhist culture in ceremonies for making offerings or inviting the presence of Buddha and Bodhisattvas. Buddhist hymns express the five virtuous qualities that are sincerity, elegance, clarity, depth, and equanimity and it is believed that regularly listening to
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Musical chanting, most often in Tibetan or Sanskrit, is an integral part of the religion. These chants are complex, often recitations of sacred texts or in celebration of various festivals. Yang chanting, performed without metrical timing, is accompanied by resonant drums and low, sustained
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Buddhist music developed when Buddhism spread to Tibet. The Tibetan traditions of Buddhism encouraged the use of song and dance in certain ceremonies. A wide variety of instruments such as specialized types of drums, windpipes, spiral conches, and trumpets were used in larger ceremonies.
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The beginnings of the Buddhist school of architecture can be traced back to B.C. 255 when the Mauryan emperor Asoka established Buddhism as the state religion of his large empire and encouraged the use of architectural monuments to spread Buddhism in different places.
1285:(other than that from those who died naturally, and from species where the consumption of brethren is not troubling to the still living). Certain major Mahayana sutras show the Buddha forcefully denouncing meat-consumption and advocating vegetarianism (
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In order to purify the hearts of listeners, Buddhist melodies are strong yet soft and pure. Buddhist music plays a central role in everyday cultural practices of Buddhists since it is also played in many ceremonies such as weddings and funerals
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a very basic level, the Stupa is a burial mound for the Buddha. The original stupas contained the Buddha's ashes. Stupas are dome-shaped monuments, used to house Buddhists' relics or to commemorate significant facts of Buddhism.
942:(with direct representations of the Buddha). From that time, Buddhist art diversified and evolved as it adapted to the new countries where the faith was expanding. It developed to the north through
1528:
Achary Tsultsem Gyatso; Mullard, Saul & Tsewang Paljor (Transl.): A Short Biography of Four Tibetan Lamas and Their Activities in Sikkim, in: Bulletin of Tibetology Nr. 49, 2/2005, p. 57.
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festivals of Buddhist countries in East, South and Southeast Asia include some aspects of Buddhist culture, however they are considered cultural festivals as opposed to religious ones.
1281:, and by many other names in other countries. Due to the understanding of animals as conscious and suffering beings, many Buddhists do not kill animals and many also do not eat
1340:(五葷, 'Five Spices'). The spices are said to lead to anger (raw) and passion (cooked), and their odour is also said to repel Gods and attract hungry ghosts and demons.
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Strict adherence to vegetarianism is the rule for priests, monks, nuns and those who feel they are on the Bodhisattva path - except in some schools and sects.
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1184:; mainly in the Tendai and Shingon sects. There are two styles: ryokyoku and rikkyoku, described as difficult and easy to remember, respectively.
1725:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Buddhist culture and art
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in the 6th to 5th century BCE, before evolving through its contact with other cultures and its diffusion through the rest of
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to form the Southern branch of Buddhist art. In India, Buddhist art flourished and even influenced the development of
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1037:-grihas (stupa halls). These reached their highpoint in the first century BCE, exemplified by the cave complexes of
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1539:"The Buddhist Architecture, Information on Buddhist Architecture, Guide to Buddhist Architecture, Buddhist Tourism"
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1486:"Buddhism and Buddhist Art | Essay | Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History | The Metropolitan Museum of Art"
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art, until Buddhism almost disappeared around the 10th century with the expansion of Hinduism and
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1289:). Buddhist vegetarian chefs have become extremely creative in imitating meat using prepared
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1021:. The initial function of a stupa was the veneration and safe-guarding of the relics of the
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Many ritual musical instruments are used in association with Buddhist practice including
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used in or inspired by Buddhism, including many genres in many cultures. It includes:
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A vegetarian restaurant in Taipei, Taiwan serving Buddhist cuisine in buffet style.
1080:, an assembly hall that contains a stupa (without relics). The central hall of the
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1049:). Viharas were developed to accommodate the growing and increasingly formalised
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it adopted artistic and cultural elements of host countries in other parts of
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avoid eating onions, garlic, scallions, chives and leeks, which are known as
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to form the Northern branch of Buddhist art, and to the east as far as
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is arranged to allow for circumambulation of the stupa within it.
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products. Some of their recipes are the oldest and most-refined
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1648:"Buddhism and Music - Buddhism - Oxford Bibliographies - obo"
1134:
chanting, practice of reciting certain scriptural verses in
1734:
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The second type of architecture unique to Buddhism is the
1675:
Sacred Music Radio | Peace & Relaxation Through Music
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for enlightenment and alms as early as the 13th century.
1404:, which is also a feature of some Buddhist festivals in
923:
in the centuries following the life of the historical
2700:
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1980:
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1723:Sacred Visions: Early Paintings from Central Tibet
1009:Two types of structures are associated with early
1025:. The earliest existing example of a stupa is in
1365:Lotus Lantern Festival (연등회, Yeon Deung Hoe) in
1199:, drums, cymbals, wind instruments and others.
1750:
747:
8:
1671:"Buddhist Sacred Music | Sacred Music Radio"
931:and the world. A first, essentially Indian,
1490:The Met’s Heilbrunn Timeline of Art History
835:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
1757:
1743:
1735:
1293:, also known as "seitan" or "wheat meat",
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120:
855:Learn how and when to remove this message
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1360:
1232:
979:
900:
1476:
132:
1593:, Stan Richardson. Boulder, Colorado:
1511:
1501:
1257:means "purification" or "discipline",
7:
3052:
2653:Role of Christianity in civilization
1665:
1663:
833:adding citations to reliable sources
47:adding citations to reliable sources
3064:
1261:means "cuisine" or "vegetable") in
1180:Shomyo (声明) is a style of Japanese
205:Decline in the Indian subcontinent
200:Silk Road transmission of Buddhism
14:
3063:
3051:
3040:
3039:
1774:
1731:, A conceptual Buddhist approach
1420:involving Buddhism, as are many
805:
785:. As Buddhism expanded from the
721:
140:
23:
2865:Culture and positive psychology
1775:
1000:Buddhist religious architecture
34:needs additional citations for
2304:High- and low-context cultures
1619:The Cambridge history of Japan
1241:Buddhist cuisine is a kind of
1168:Buddhist chant (one aspect of
1:
1438:Art and architecture of Japan
1422:Burmese traditional festivals
1113:. Honkyoku are the pieces of
16:Cultural elements in Buddhism
2870:Culture and social cognition
1855:Cross-cultural communication
1400:may include the traditional
1245:mainly for the believers of
1158:Tendai and Shingon Buddhism.
1053:. An existing example is at
403:Buddhist Paths to liberation
2952:Intercultural communication
1591:Shakuhachi Meditation Music
1394:Buddhist temples in Myanmar
3120:
2395:Cross cultural sensitivity
2062:Resistance through culture
1696:"Buddhist Dietary Customs"
1624:Cambridge University Press
1616:John Whitney Hall (1988).
1357:List of Buddhist festivals
1350:
1222:
1091:
1006:in the third century BCE.
1002:most notably developed in
973:
894:
888:
3104:Culture of Southeast Asia
3035:
3007:Transformation of culture
2440:Cultural environmentalism
1870:Cross-cultural psychology
1865:Cross-cultural psychiatry
1860:Cross-cultural leadership
1772:
1287:vegetarianism in Buddhism
1229:Vegetarianism in Buddhism
2967:Living things in culture
2957:Intercultural competence
2860:Culture and menstruation
2359:Trans-cultural diffusion
1606:Khantipalo (1982, 1995).
1543:www.buddhist-tourism.com
1484:Dehejia, Author: Vidya.
2778:Cultural homogenization
2008:Individualistic culture
1942:Popular culture studies
1927:Intercultural relations
1396:. Features of Buddhist
1328:Buddhists and sects in
769:is exemplified through
423:Philosophical reasoning
2713:Archaeological culture
2460:Cultural globalization
2329:Organizational culture
2177:Cultural communication
2135:Cultural appropriation
1922:Intercultural learning
1850:Cross-cultural studies
1370:
1238:
1170:Tibetan Buddhist music
996:
913:
190:Pre-sectarian Buddhism
2982:Participatory culture
2773:Cultural evolutionism
2597:Multiracial democracy
2475:Cultural intelligence
2420:Cultural conservatism
2410:Cultural backwardness
2400:Cultural assimilation
2274:Cultural reproduction
2130:Cultural appreciation
2082:Far-right subcultures
1972:Transcultural nursing
1937:Philosophy of culture
1814:Cultural neuroscience
1794:Cultural anthropology
1466:(religious paintings)
1364:
1236:
1101:prominently includes
983:
976:Buddhist architecture
904:
775:Buddhist architecture
458:Aids to Enlightenment
283:Dependent Origination
58:"Culture of Buddhism"
2977:Oppositional culture
2947:Emotions and culture
2855:Cultural sensibility
2845:Cultural translation
2783:Cultural institution
2763:Cultural determinism
2485:Cultural nationalism
2470:Cultural imperialism
2430:Cultural deprivation
2324:Non-material culture
1957:Sociology of culture
1952:Semiotics of culture
1597:(1997) (liner notes)
1449:Buddhism and society
1277:means "cuisine") in
1051:Buddhist monasticism
905:Reclining Buddha in
829:improve this section
428:Devotional practices
251:Noble Eightfold Path
43:improve this article
2828:Culture speculation
2823:Cultural relativism
2753:Cultural competence
2643:Cultural Christians
2515:Cultural Revolution
2505:Cultural radicalism
2480:Cultural liberalism
2415:Cultural Bolshevism
2390:Consumer capitalism
2344:Relational mobility
2284:Cultural technology
2192:Cultural dissonance
2109:Culture by location
2072:Alternative culture
1988:Constructed culture
1967:Theology of culture
1907:Cultural psychology
1887:Cultural entomology
1700:www.clovegarden.com
1445:(religious statues)
1418:religious festivals
921:Indian subcontinent
787:Indian subcontinent
728:Buddhism portal
601:Buddhism by country
363:Sanskrit literature
2987:Permission culture
2920:Disability culture
2900:Children's culture
2768:Cultural diversity
2728:Circuit of culture
2510:Cultural retention
2490:Cultural pessimism
2445:Cultural exception
2435:Cultural diplomacy
2425:Cultural contracts
2385:Colonial mentality
2314:Manuscript culture
2289:Cultural universal
2259:Cultural pluralism
2239:Cultural landscape
2234:Cultural invention
2202:Cultural framework
2104:Vernacular culture
1902:Cultural mediation
1882:Cultural economics
1877:Cultural analytics
1809:Cultural geography
1799:Cultural astronomy
1514:has generic name (
1414:festivals of Nepal
1374:Japanese festivals
1371:
1273:means "devotion",
1239:
1149:Pure Land Buddhism
1136:Theravada Buddhism
1088:In music and chant
997:
919:originated in the
914:
897:Greco-Buddhist art
215:Buddhist modernism
3086:
3085:
2915:Death and culture
2808:Cultural movement
2798:Cultural literacy
2658:Eastern Orthodoxy
2570:Dominator culture
2565:Deculturalization
2465:Cultural hegemony
2455:Cultural genocide
2450:Cultural feminism
2269:Cultural property
2264:Cultural practice
2249:Cultural leveling
2244:Cultural learning
2229:Cultural industry
2224:Cultural identity
2207:Cultural heritage
2197:Cultural emphasis
2182:Cultural conflict
2155:Cultural behavior
2145:Cultural artifact
2057:Primitive culture
2033:Political culture
1459:Buddhist councils
1454:Buddhist calendar
1398:Tibetan festivals
1353:Buddhist holidays
1267:shōjin ryōri
1249:. It is known as
870:Sukhothai Kingdom
865:
864:
857:
764:
763:
246:Four Noble Truths
119:
118:
111:
93:
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3099:Buddhist culture
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3055:
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3042:
2932:Drinking culture
2885:Culture industry
2833:Cultural tourism
2813:Cultural mulatto
2788:Cultural jet lag
2723:Cannabis culture
2680:Cultural Muslims
2602:Pluriculturalism
2585:Multiculturalism
2575:Interculturalism
2550:Culture minister
2540:Cultural Zionism
2535:Cultural subsidy
2530:Cultural silence
2405:Cultural attaché
2364:Transculturation
2319:Material culture
2309:Interculturality
2165:Cultural capital
2150:Cultural baggage
2087:Youth subculture
2028:Official culture
1993:Dominant culture
1932:Internet culture
1897:Cultural mapping
1892:Cultural history
1819:Cultural studies
1804:Cultural ecology
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1545:. Archived from
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1386:pagoda festivals
1382:Buddhist culture
1225:Buddhist cuisine
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783:Buddhist cuisine
767:Buddhist culture
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453:Sublime abidings
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3022:Western culture
3017:Welfare culture
2942:Eastern culture
2803:Cultural mosaic
2758:Cultural critic
2748:Cultural center
2696:
2670:Cultural Hindus
2616:
2607:Polyculturalism
2580:Monoculturalism
2555:Culture of fear
2525:Cultural safety
2520:Cultural rights
2500:Cultural racism
2495:Cultural policy
2373:
2279:Cultural system
2254:Cultural memory
2187:Cultural cringe
2113:
2045:Popular culture
1976:
1912:Cultural values
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1729:Manuel Valencia
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1378:Barua festivals
1359:
1351:Main articles:
1349:
1321:enlightenment.
1231:
1223:Main articles:
1221:
1143:of the name of
1096:
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970:In architecture
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2743:Cross-cultural
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2708:Animal culture
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1717:External links
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1568:"Khan Academy"
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1426:Lunar New Year
1380:often involve
1369:, South Korea.
1348:
1345:
1317:in the world.
1315:meat analogues
1220:
1217:
1182:Buddhist chant
1174:
1173:
1162:Throat singing
1159:
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1138:
1121:Buddhist chant
1115:shakuhachiyoku
1107:Buddhist chant
1099:Buddhist music
1094:Buddhist music
1092:Main article:
1089:
1086:
1031:Madhya Pradesh
974:Main article:
971:
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952:Southeast Asia
933:aniconic phase
925:Gautama Buddha
889:Main article:
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2160:Cultural bias
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2140:Cultural area
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2125:Acculturation
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2019:
2016:
2014:
2013:Legal culture
2011:
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1962:Sound culture
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1549:on 2018-02-10
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1251:zhāi cài
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1200:
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1189:singing bowls
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985:Wat Phra Kaew
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876:In healthcare
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814:This section
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483:Vegetarianism
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438:Recollections
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409:
408:Five precepts
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373:Chinese canon
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368:Tibetan canon
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3056:
3044:
2992:Rape culture
2937:Drug culture
2925:Deaf culture
2910:Cyberculture
2880:Culture hero
2793:Cultural lag
2733:Civilization
2633:Christianity
2627:
2339:Protoculture
2023:Microculture
2003:High culture
1998:Folk culture
1947:Postcritique
1703:. Retrieved
1699:
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1677:. 2013-08-30
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1572:Khan Academy
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845:January 2023
842:
827:Please help
815:
771:Buddhist art
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433:Merit making
398:Three Jewels
338:Buddhavacana
268:Impermanence
256:Dharma wheel
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41:Please help
36:verification
33:
3070:WikiProject
3002:Tea culture
2905:Culturalism
2875:Culture gap
2838:Pop-culture
2638:Catholicism
2560:Culture war
2018:Low culture
1917:Culturomics
1824:Culturology
1595:Sounds True
1177:syllables.
1047:Maharashtra
668:New Zealand
523:Bodhisattva
508:Four Stages
463:Monasticism
443:Mindfulness
413:Perfections
343:Early Texts
3093:Categories
2067:Subculture
1845:Bioculture
1705:2017-03-19
1681:2017-03-19
1653:2017-03-19
1633:0521223520
1577:2017-03-19
1553:2017-03-19
1495:2017-03-19
1471:References
1443:Buddharupa
1402:cham dance
1219:In cuisine
1154:Shomyo in
1141:Repetition
1004:South Asia
895:See also:
541:Traditions
478:Pilgrimage
418:Meditation
378:Post-canon
358:Pāli Canon
288:Middle Way
185:The Buddha
99:March 2017
69:newspapers
2895:Culturgen
2663:Mormonism
2621:Religions
2294:Cultureme
2212:Destroyed
1838:Subfields
1297:(such as
946:and into
816:does not
688:Sri Lanka
678:Singapore
633:Indonesia
573:Vajrayāna
548:Theravāda
503:Awakening
391:Practices
348:Tripiṭaka
318:Cosmology
293:Emptiness
273:Suffering
3046:Category
2628:Buddhism
2378:Politics
1787:Sciences
1504:cite web
1432:See also
1392:held at
1388:held as
1384:, as do
1326:Mahāyāna
1247:Buddhism
1156:Japanese
1145:Amitābha
1103:Honkyoku
1011:Buddhism
993:Thailand
797:Features
698:Thailand
658:Mongolia
653:Malaysia
618:Cambodia
583:Navayana
563:Hinayana
558:Mahāyāna
468:Lay life
298:Morality
278:Not-self
236:Concepts
195:Councils
180:Timeline
152:Glossary
134:Buddhism
126:a series
124:Part of
3077:Changes
3058:Commons
2701:Related
2692:Sikhism
2687:Judaism
2118:Aspects
1780:Outline
1766:Culture
1464:Thangka
1412:. Many
1334:Vietnam
1243:cuisine
1197:tingsha
1166:Tibetan
1132:Paritta
1123:is the
1082:chaitya
1078:chaitya
1055:Nālandā
1035:chaitya
1019:viharas
989:Bangkok
911:Bangkok
907:Wat Pho
837:removed
822:sources
708:Vietnam
663:Myanmar
578:Tibetan
568:Chinese
496:Nirvāṇa
313:Saṃsāra
308:Rebirth
173:History
162:Outline
83:scholar
2077:Fandom
1630:
1410:Bhutan
1338:wu hun
1303:tempeh
1271:shōjin
1265:, and
1111:Shomyo
1109:, and
1074:Vihara
1043:Ellora
1039:Ajanta
1027:Sanchi
1023:Buddha
1015:stupas
938:iconic
885:In art
693:Taiwan
673:Russia
613:Brazil
608:Bhutan
528:Buddha
448:Wisdom
231:Dharma
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2675:Islam
2050:Urban
2038:Civic
1981:Types
1406:India
1390:fairs
1367:Seoul
1330:China
1324:Some
1311:plant
1279:Japan
1275:ryōri
1263:China
1193:bells
1125:chant
1059:Bihar
960:Islam
956:Hindu
940:phase
703:Tibet
643:Korea
638:Japan
628:India
623:China
588:Newar
513:Arhat
303:Karma
157:Index
90:JSTOR
76:books
2092:list
1628:ISBN
1516:help
1416:are
1408:and
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