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they return contumely, and among themselves, instead of the slavery, which they deserve, they manage to claim superiority: we, who newly learned that these very Jews have insolently invaded our City Rome and a number of the Papal States, territories and domains their impudence increased so much that they dare not only to live amongst the
Christian people, but also in the vicinity of the churches without any difference of dressing, and even that they rent houses in the main streets and squares, buy and hold immovable property, engage maids, nurses and other Christian servants, and commit other and numerous misdeeds with shame and contempt of the Christian name. Considering that the Church of Rome tolerates these very Jews evidence of the true Christian faith and to this end : that they, won over by the piety and kindness of the See, should at long last recognize their erroneous ways, and should lose no time in seeing the true light of the catholic faith, and thus to agree that while they persist in their errors, realizing that they are slaves because of their deeds, whereas Christians have been freed through our Lord God Jesus Christ, and that it is iniquitous for it to appear that the sons of free women serve the sons of maids.
128:
66:
365:"in spite of the increasing implosion of the Jewish world of Rome, imposed by papal policy, which imposed exclusion and enclosure, the Jews of Rome were able to hold steadfast to an identity, preserve a specificity and defend themselves against persisting attempts to convert them through active proselytism and social exclusion calculated to erode their adherence to their Jewish faith."
336:
words in short-term account books that they held with
Christians, and, if they did so, such records would not be binding on Christians in legal proceedings. In spite of these restrictions, Serena di Nepi demonstrates that Jewish bankers remained actively involved with Christian partners in a variety
298:
in each state, territory and domain. The bull forbade the construction of new synagogues and decreed the demolition of any others beyond the one permitted. Furthermore, Jews were not allowed to own real property and were required to sell those properties which they then owned within a set period of
156:
Since it is absurd and utterly inconvenient that the Jews, who through their own fault were condemned by God to eternal slavery, can under the pretext that pious
Christians must accept them and sustain their habitation, are so ungrateful to Christians, as, instead of thanks for gracious treatment,
343:
The bull also listed restrictions on loan practices. Collateral, put up as temporary security for their money, was not to be sold unless such goods were put up a full eighteen months prior to the day on which such collateral would be forfeit. At the expiration of the specified number of months, if
283:
sought to strictly enforce earlier canonical restrictions against the Jews â as those prohibiting their practising medicine among
Christians, employing Christian servants, and the like â but he also restricted them in their commercial activity, forbade them to have more than one synagogue in any
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and required the Jews of Rome, who had existed as a community since before
Christian times and numbered about 2,000 at the time, to live in it. The Ghetto was a walled quarter with three gates that were locked at night. Under the bull, Jewish males were required to wear a pointed yellow hat, and
291:, "dicts issued at various times for the destruction of copies of the Talmud, the Bull 'Cum nimis absurdum' of Paul IV constraining the Jews of Rome to live segregated in a Ghetto and subject to other harassing disabilities, represent ... the prejudices of individual pontiffs ..."
217:, recommended them to other bordering states. The Papal States ceased to exist on 20 September 1870 when they were incorporated in the Kingdom of Italy, but the requirement that Jews live in the ghetto was formally abolished by the Italian state only in 1882.
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city, enforced the wearing of the yellow hat, refused to permit a Jew to be addressed as "signor", and finally decreed that they should live in a designated area separated from
Christians. The last measure was carried out in Rome with unrelenting cruelty.
354:"These policies were easier to enforce in the Papal States, where the Pope had executive power, as well as elsewhere in Italy, where the papacy had influence. Beyond Italy, though, the provisions of the bull were largely ignored."
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which clearly laid down that the Jews were to be allowed to keep their own festivals and religious practices, and their rights of property, even in the case of their synagogues.
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of 1215 that required Jews and
Muslims to wear something to distinguish them from Christians, and Paul required that Jews wear some distinguishing sign, yellow in color.
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Moreover, Jews who were physicians were not to attend or treat, even if summoned, any
Christians, and they were not to be addressed as superiors even by poor Christians.
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with himself as one of the
Inquisitors-General. Carafa vowed, "Even if my own father were a heretic, I would gather the wood to burn him."
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360:, Church officials never proposed segregation of the Jews, as such a measure would not have been supported by the king or the nobles.
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Jews sold a security deposit, they were to remit all money in excess of the principal of the loan to the owner of the collateral.
97:
639:
455:
Ravid, Benjamin. "Cum Nimis
Absurdum and the Ancona Auto-da-FÊy revisited: their impact on Venice and some wider reflections",
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328:, and were not to trade in grain, barley, or any other commodity essential to human welfare. Nor were they to use other than
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202:. Jews were allowed to practice only unskilled jobs, as rag men, secondhand dealers or fish mongers. They could also be
116:
502:"Jews, the Reformation and the Counter-Reformation", Early Modern Jewish History, Center for Online Judaic Studies
229:, and was by all accounts austere, rigidly orthodox, and authoritarian in manner. As a cardinal, he had persuaded
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The bull revoked all the rights of the Jewish community and placed religious and economic restrictions on
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Jewish females a yellow kerchief. Jews were required to attend compulsory Catholic sermons on the Jewish
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legislation and subjected Jews to various degradations and restrictions on their personal freedom.
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317:. They were prohibited from working or having work done on Sundays or on other public
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The bull also subjected Jews to various other restrictions such as a prohibition on
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In September 1553, Cardinal Carafa had overseen the burning of the Talmud in Rome.
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They were forbidden to have Christian nurses, maids or servants, nor Christian
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Novoa, James Nelson. "Surviving the Ghetto", Centro Primo Levi, July 9, 2014
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Bice Migliau and Micaela Procaccia with Silvia Rebuzzi and Micaela Vitale,
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time. These restrictions contradicted a precedent set as early as 598, by
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declared by the Church, or from fraternizing in any way with Christians.
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Green, David B., "1555, Pope Paul IV Orders Jews to Live in a Ghetto",
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Thurston, Herbert. "History of Toleration". The Catholic Encyclopedia
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Vol. 14. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1912. 19 February 2016
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that led to censorship of books deemed detrimental to Christians.
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Gian Pietro Carafa was seventy-nine when he assumed the papacy as
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of activities, including the purchase and sale of real estate.
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The measures were aimed at bringing about Jewish conversions.
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it applied to those areas over which he had direct control.
563:. New York: The Jewish Theological Seminary of America.
435:Deutsch, Gotthard and Jacobs, Joseph. "The Popes",
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518:Lazio Jewish Itineraries: Places, History, and Art
459:, (2012) 26: 85-100, DOI 10.1007/s10835-012-9158-2
561:Catholic Thought and Papal Jewry Policy 1555â1593
394:Migliau, Procaccia, Rebuzzi, and Vitale, p. 25.
264:Two months after becoming Pope, Paul IV issued
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148:dated 14 July 1555. It takes its name from its
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324:Jews were limited to the trade of
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528:and the Conversion of the Jews".
294:There was to be no more than one
306:Paul IV restated a canon of the
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308:Fourth Council of the Lateran
363:Serena di Nepi argues that
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117:Cum ex apostolatus officio
630:Documents of Pope Paul IV
559:Stow, Kenneth R. (1977).
194:ownership and practising
176:The bull established the
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524:Berger, David (1979). "
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403:MacCulloch, Dairmuid.
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625:Antisemitism in Italy
405:Reformation in Europe
209:Paul IV's successor,
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645:1555 in Christianity
74:Signature date
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437:Jewish Encyclopedia
239:Spanish Inquisition
110:Praeclara Carissimi
86:On the Jews in Rome
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348:Purpose and impact
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599:Categories
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319:feast days
315:wet-nurses
276:Provisions
221:Background
200:Christians
169:, renewed
144:issued by
142:papal bull
98:In English
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296:synagogue
370:See also
196:medicine
192:property
552:1454606
511:Sources
419:Haaretz
334:Italian
281:Paul IV
260:Content
246:Deutsch
184:shabbat
165:in the
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358:Poland
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