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Curl (programming language)

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The Curl language attempts to address a long-standing problem: the different building blocks that make up any modern web document most often require wildly different methods of implementation: different languages, different tools, different frameworks, often completely different teams. The final, and
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The same markup can be used for different results, as one can style text to be visible in one context and invisible in another. Curl also permits top-level file inclusion so that a source text in markup can be included in different parent files. In education, for example, one could create a source
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While the Curl language can be used as an HTML replacement for presenting formatted text, its abilities range all the way to those of a compiled, strongly typed, object-oriented system programming language. Both the authoring (HTML-level) and programming constructs of Curl can be extended in user
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often most difficult, hurdle has been getting all of these blocks to communicate with each other in a consistent manner. Curl attempts to side-step these problems by providing a consistent syntactic and semantic interface at all levels of web content creation: from simple HTML to complex
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which can initially be implemented by defining the poem and stanza markup as paragraph text formats. Stanza could be further refined to include a hidden navigation anchor for page navigation using the Curl {destination} which is itself a text procedure.
482:. It makes it possible to embed complex objects in simple documents without needing to switch between programming languages or development platforms. The Curl implementation initially consisted of an 667:. Most features for web applications now implemented through combinations of JavaScript libraries + HTML + CSS are already found within the Curl language, including features usually associated with 647:{paragraph paragraph-left-indent=0.5in, {text color = "red", font-size = 12pt, Hello} {text color = "green", font-size = 12pt, World}} 887: 851: 87: 42: 690:{text A comment can be on a line by itself, || A comment on a line by itself or it can be at the end || A comment on the same line as code of a line.} 1086: 1111: 1081: 1106: 880: 1059: 731:{poem || wraps entire poem {stanza || first verse here in any language } {stanza || another verse here in any language } } 553: 1096: 828: 290: 193: 1047: 873: 266: 134: 106: 233: 215: 153: 56: 113: 48: 774: 286: 668: 510: 91: 621: 254: 796: 120: 1116: 1091: 700: 652: 604:
and run at high speed. Curl applets can also be written so that they can run off-line when disconnected from a network (
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develop and distribute a suite of commercial products which are based on the results of the MIT research. Owned by
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and text-procedures in addition to anonymous procedures and named methods. An alternative using the text-procedure
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code. The language is designed so Curl applications can be compiled to native code of the client machine by a
592:. Curl applications are not required to observe the separation of information, style, and behavior that HTML, 556:, which is a web deployed applet which runs on the user's desktop independent of a browser window much as in 483: 707:
lightweight markup. A major advantage over plain text HTML markup is that the text encoding can be set to
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is shown as text; at the same time, Curl includes an object-oriented programming language that supports
557: 596:(CSS), and JavaScript have imposed, although that style of programming can be used in Curl if desired. 127: 656: 589: 522: 518: 479: 467: 407: 384: 261: 1001: 948: 628:{Curl 7.0, 8.0 applet} {text color = "blue", font-size = 16pt, Hello World} 533: 529: 933: 297: 1028: 541: 372: 1016: 740:
file of test questions, and include it in both a student and a teacher version of the text.
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This code will run if the user has at least one of the Curl versions 7.0 or 8.0 installed.
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Curl comments use the vertical bar in several variations. The simplest is as follows:
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Curl programs may be compiled into Curl applets, that are viewed using the Curl RTE, a
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was dropped on March 25, 2019 (starting with version 8.0.10). Curl supports
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Recently this style of layout has been adopted by "builders" in the
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Because Curl provides for both user-defined text procedures and
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Curl, Inc., Sumisho Computer Systems Corp., SCSK Corporation
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awarded Curl its 2008 Technology of the Year award in the
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Curl sets callbacks in the manner also adopted by Groovy:
474:, whose goal is to provide a smoother transition between 752:: Curl is both a programming language and a data format 834: 395: 799:. MIT Laboratory for Computer Science. Archived from 795:
M. Hostetter; D. Kranz; C. Seed; C. Terman; S. Ward.
838: 982: 903: 418: 406: 390: 378: 366: 354: 328: 306: 296: 280: 260: 94:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. 723:(like JavaScript, Curl is Unicode friendly). A 659:(JVM), but is also familiar to users of CSS or 827:, the results of the Curl research project at 881: 8: 246: 797:"Curl: A Gentle Slope Language for the Web" 57:Learn how and when to remove these messages 1055: 888: 874: 866: 245: 831:'s (MIT) Laboratory for Computer Science. 234:Learn how and when to remove this message 216:Learn how and when to remove this message 154:Learn how and when to remove this message 179:This article includes a list of general 762: 829:Massachusetts Institute of Technology 7: 92:adding citations to reliable sources 612:is an application written in Curl. 505:), and heavy-duty computing (as in 497:(as in HyperText Markup Language ( 185:it lacks sufficient corresponding 14: 1087:Declarative programming languages 335:8.0.13 / 6 September 2022 38:This article has multiple issues. 1112:Homoiconic programming languages 1082:High-level programming languages 1054: 1043: 1042: 606:occasionally connected computing 540:. Currently, it is supported on 441: 252: 170: 103:"Curl" programming language 68: 27: 1107:Rich web application frameworks 777:from the original on 2019-05-13 79:needs additional citations for 46:or discuss these issues on the 1: 1097:Lightweight markup languages 852:InfoWorld review of Curl 6.0 703:, it can be used readily as 620:A simple Curl applet for a 575:object-oriented programming 312:; 26 years ago 1133: 897:Rich Internet Applications 15: 1037: 860:Rich Internet Application 845:a majority-owned unit of 675:such as accordion panes. 438: 423: 413: 350: 324: 251: 839:Curl International Corp. 729: 711:, and text entered in a 688: 680: 645: 626: 16:Not to be confused with 622:"Hello, World!" program 200:more precise citations. 984:Site-specific browsers 721:escaping of characters 594:Cascading Style Sheets 695:As lightweight markup 602:just-in-time compiler 558:Microsoft Silverlight 501:)), scripting (as in 337:; 2 years ago 1117:Proprietary software 1092:Functional languages 773:. SCSK Corporation. 657:Java virtual machine 590:multiple inheritance 525:(B2C) applications. 523:business-to-consumer 519:business-to-business 480:computer programming 468:programming language 88:improve this article 635:Curl provides both 584:like HTML—that is, 530:runtime environment 493:Curl combines text 307:First appeared 248: 1060:List of frameworks 934:Google Web Toolkit 854:by Martin Heller. 554:"detached applets" 476:content formatting 1069: 1068: 655:language for the 542:Microsoft Windows 490:was added later. 455: 454: 356:Typing discipline 244: 243: 236: 226: 225: 218: 164: 163: 156: 138: 61: 1124: 1102:Markup languages 1058: 1057: 1046: 1045: 904:Basic frameworks 890: 883: 876: 867: 843:SCSK Corporation 825:MIT Curl Project 812: 811: 809: 808: 792: 786: 785: 783: 782: 767: 472:web applications 470:for interactive 445: 402: 399: 397: 345: 343: 338: 320: 318: 313: 282:Designed by 256: 249: 239: 232: 221: 214: 210: 207: 201: 196:this article by 187:inline citations 174: 173: 166: 159: 152: 148: 145: 139: 137: 96: 72: 64: 53: 31: 30: 23: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1126: 1125: 1123: 1122: 1121: 1072: 1071: 1070: 1065: 1033: 978: 899: 894: 821: 816: 815: 806: 804: 794: 793: 789: 780: 778: 769: 768: 764: 759: 746: 733: 732: 705:domain-specific 697: 692: 691: 684: 683: 673:script.aculo.us 649: 648: 630: 629: 618: 582:markup language 570: 465:object-oriented 394: 346: 341: 339: 336: 316: 314: 311: 271:object-oriented 240: 229: 228: 227: 222: 211: 205: 202: 192:Please help to 191: 175: 171: 160: 149: 143: 140: 97: 95: 85: 73: 32: 28: 21: 12: 11: 5: 1130: 1128: 1120: 1119: 1114: 1109: 1104: 1099: 1094: 1089: 1084: 1074: 1073: 1067: 1066: 1064: 1063: 1051: 1038: 1035: 1034: 1032: 1031: 1026: 1021: 1020: 1019: 1009: 1004: 999: 994: 988: 986: 980: 979: 977: 976: 971: 966: 961: 956: 951: 946: 941: 936: 931: 926: 923: 918: 913: 907: 905: 901: 900: 895: 893: 892: 885: 878: 870: 864: 863: 849: 847:Sumitomo Corp. 832: 820: 819:External links 817: 814: 813: 787: 761: 760: 758: 755: 754: 753: 745: 742: 730: 696: 693: 689: 681: 646: 627: 617: 614: 569: 566: 453: 452: 451: 450: 436: 435: 421: 420: 416: 415: 411: 410: 404: 403: 392: 388: 387: 382: 376: 375: 370: 364: 363: 358: 352: 351: 348: 347: 334: 332: 330:Stable release 326: 325: 322: 321: 308: 304: 303: 300: 294: 293: 284: 278: 277: 267:multi-paradigm 264: 258: 257: 242: 241: 224: 223: 178: 176: 169: 162: 161: 76: 74: 67: 62: 36: 35: 33: 26: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1129: 1118: 1115: 1113: 1110: 1108: 1105: 1103: 1100: 1098: 1095: 1093: 1090: 1088: 1085: 1083: 1080: 1079: 1077: 1062: 1061: 1052: 1050: 1049: 1040: 1039: 1036: 1030: 1027: 1025: 1024:Mozilla Prism 1022: 1018: 1015: 1014: 1013: 1012:Google Chrome 1010: 1008: 1005: 1003: 1000: 998: 995: 993: 990: 989: 987: 985: 981: 975: 972: 970: 967: 965: 962: 960: 957: 955: 952: 950: 947: 945: 944:Lively Kernel 942: 940: 937: 935: 932: 930: 927: 924: 922: 919: 917: 914: 912: 909: 908: 906: 902: 898: 891: 886: 884: 879: 877: 872: 871: 868: 861: 857: 853: 850: 848: 844: 840: 836: 833: 830: 826: 823: 822: 818: 803:on 2008-12-24 802: 798: 791: 788: 776: 772: 766: 763: 756: 751: 750:Homoiconicity 748: 747: 743: 741: 737: 728: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 706: 702: 694: 687: 679: 676: 674: 670: 666: 662: 658: 654: 644: 642: 638: 633: 625: 623: 615: 613: 611: 607: 603: 597: 595: 591: 587: 583: 578: 576: 567: 565: 563: 559: 555: 551: 547: 543: 539: 535: 531: 526: 524: 520: 516: 512: 508: 504: 500: 496: 491: 489: 485: 481: 477: 473: 469: 466: 463: 459: 448: 444: 440: 439: 437: 434: 430: 426: 422: 419:Influenced by 417: 412: 409: 405: 401: 393: 389: 386: 383: 381: 377: 374: 371: 369: 365: 362: 359: 357: 353: 349: 333: 331: 327: 323: 309: 305: 301: 299: 295: 292: 288: 285: 283: 279: 276: 272: 268: 265: 263: 259: 255: 250: 238: 235: 220: 217: 209: 199: 195: 189: 188: 182: 177: 168: 167: 158: 155: 147: 144:December 2014 136: 133: 129: 126: 122: 119: 115: 112: 108: 105: –  104: 100: 99:Find sources: 93: 89: 83: 82: 77:This article 75: 71: 66: 65: 60: 58: 51: 50: 45: 44: 39: 34: 25: 24: 19: 1053: 1041: 996: 928: 921:Apache Pivot 805:. Retrieved 801:the original 790: 779:. Retrieved 765: 738: 734: 727:example is: 701:style sheets 698: 685: 677: 650: 640: 634: 631: 619: 598: 579: 571: 568:Architecture 538:web browsers 527: 492: 457: 456: 449:at Wikibooks 230: 212: 203: 184: 150: 141: 131: 124: 117: 110: 98: 86:Please help 81:verification 78: 54: 47: 41: 40:Please help 37: 954:Silverlight 916:Apache Flex 911:Adobe Flash 717:text editor 521:(B2B), and 484:interpreter 385:proprietary 198:introducing 1076:Categories 1029:WebCatalog 969:SproutCore 959:OpenLaszlo 925:Cappuccino 835:Curl, Inc. 807:2005-12-20 781:2020-04-01 757:References 643:would be: 624:might be: 586:plain text 580:Curl is a 503:JavaScript 462:reflective 429:JavaScript 342:2022-09-06 287:Steve Ward 181:references 114:newspapers 43:improve it 974:XULRunner 949:Moonlight 862:category. 856:InfoWorld 715:-enabled 669:Prototype 641:paragraph 562:Adobe AIR 298:Developer 262:Paradigms 206:June 2015 49:talk page 1048:Category 964:Qt Quick 775:Archived 744:See also 719:with no 610:Curl IDE 488:compiler 486:only; a 408:Dialects 713:Unicode 608:). The 532:with a 391:Website 380:License 373:Windows 340: ( 315: ( 194:improve 128:scholar 1007:Gollum 939:JavaFX 725:poetry 653:Groovy 637:macros 616:Syntax 560:3 and 548:, and 534:plugin 495:markup 361:strong 275:markup 183:, but 130:  123:  116:  109:  101:  1017:Gears 1002:Fluid 709:UTF-8 550:macOS 546:Linux 513:, or 460:is a 398:.curl 135:JSTOR 121:books 997:Curl 929:Curl 837:and 536:for 507:Java 499:HTML 478:and 458:Curl 447:Curl 433:Lisp 425:HTML 414:none 400:.com 317:1998 310:1998 247:Curl 107:news 18:cURL 992:AIR 661:Tcl 515:C++ 396:www 291:MIT 90:by 1078:: 671:+ 665:Tk 577:. 564:. 544:. 511:C# 509:, 431:, 427:, 368:OS 289:, 273:, 269:: 52:. 889:e 882:t 875:v 810:. 784:. 663:/ 344:) 319:) 237:) 231:( 219:) 213:( 208:) 204:( 190:. 157:) 151:( 146:) 142:( 132:· 125:· 118:· 111:· 84:. 59:) 55:(

Index

cURL
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talk page
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verification
improve this article
adding citations to reliable sources
"Curl" programming language
news
newspapers
books
scholar
JSTOR
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references
inline citations
improve
introducing
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Paradigms
multi-paradigm
object-oriented
markup
Designed by
Steve Ward
MIT
Developer

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