145:, a "Gymnasium" in Upper Silesia, with a PhD in mathematics and natural sciences at the University of Breslau. His father dealt in antiques and dental supplies, and his mother was a schoolteacher. The family moved to a suburb in Berlin shortly after his birth. As a child, he showed a strong interest in biology and natural history. He went to the "Hindenburgschule" in Berlin-Oberschoeneweide. Supported by two high school teachers and his parents, he decided to study zoology. He entered the
234:, Drosophila geneticist Jack Schultz, and yeast geneticist Carl C. Lindegren. The year 1933 marks the year both of his last publication in German for 22 years to come, the year Hitler had come to power and Curt and Evelyn's decision to live in the US. Evelyn had returned to Germany to investigate in-person whether or not it was safe for him to return to Germany, seeking advice from his academic colleagues. The decision was forced by Hitler enacting an
25:
160:. In 1923 after only 3 years, he received a Ph.D. for the description of its mitosis, the youngest person to receive a Ph.D. from the university at that time. "To achieve his degree so early under these circumstances was an early, clear signal of the remarkable combination of high intellectual ability, photographic memory, and stamina that was to characterize his career."
245:
the same year, where he moved through the ranks to assistant professor in 1937, and then to associate professor from 1937 to 1941. He became an
American citizen in 1939. Curt and Evelyn had three daughters: Hildegard (1935), Holly Elizabeth (1938), and Barbara Ellen. Stern had brought his parents to
366:
was published in 1949, which he said in an autobiographical sketch from 1974 he wrote to feed the needs of premedical students. Both his teaching and his textbook were instrumental in re-founding human genetics on a non-racist basis, in sharp contrast with pre-war German and
American traditions in
384:
Notably, Stern made the effort to translate his human genetics textbook into German, which became the first publication in his mother tongue after a 22-year hiatus of silence, and was published in 1955. Only two more articles published in German language journals followed, besides the hundreds in
275:
in 1970. His last public address was in 1973. Within 4 years his intellectual abilities had declined to such a degree, that he would not speak publicly anymore. He died of complications of
Parkinson's disease, i.e. cardiac failure on October 23, 1981, in Sacramento, CA at the age of 79.
140:
on August 30, 1902. He was the first son of Earned S. Stern, born 1862 in
England, who was interned during World War I, and Anna Stern, née Anna Liebrecht who was a schoolteacher (b. 1873). Her father C. Liebrecht was a teacher at the Israelitische Gemeindeschule
190:. After his fellowship, Stern returned to his alma mater, the University of Berlin, where he stayed for six very productive years from 1926 to 1932 as an investigator until he became a professor in 1928. There, he wrote the first two of his 5 books (
198:, 1933) and 35 papers. Most articles were about Drosophila genetics, but two hinted at areas he would pick up much later: one 1928 article delved into the topic of human genetics, and another one from 1929 about mutagenic effects of radiation.
201:
On
October 29, 1931, Curt Stern married Evelyn Sommerfield, an American citizen, whom he had met 1925 at Columbia University. During 1932 he returned to the U.S. for a one-year fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation, spent at the
362:. Although not a physician, he engaged in clinical work in human genetics. In 1943 he began teaching a course in human genetics to medical students at the University of Rochester. The first edition of Stern's pioneering textbook
647:
Stern C. Welche
Moeglichkeiten bieten die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Vererbungslehre dafuer, dass durch verschiedene Symptome charakterisierte Nervenkrankheiten auf gleicher erblicher Grundlage beruhen? Nervenarzt, 1928.
454:
Stern C. Welche
Moeglichkeiten bieten die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Vererbungslehre dafuer, dass durch verschiedene Symptome charakterisierte Nervenkrankheiten auf gleicher erblicher Grundlage beruhen? Nervenarzt, 1928.
350:, he led research for the American government on low-dose radiation safety, building on work he had started in Berlin. His laboratory group concluded that there is no "safe" threshold below which radiation is not harmful.
683:
832:
497:
Stern C. Entgegnung auf die
Bemerkungen von Franz Weidenreich zu meinem Aufsatz "Erzeugung von Mutationen durch Roentgenstrahlen" (Dezember Heft 1929 dieser Zeitschrift). Nat. Mus.1930 :133-34.
171:. Six months later Goldschmidt returned the critique to Stern without comment, called him into his office and offered him a post-graduate fellowship financed by the Rockefeller University at
482:
Stern C. Kleinere
Beitrage zur Genetik von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. II. Gleichzeitige Rueckmutation zweier benachbarter Gene. Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl.1930. 53:279-86.
837:
339:
had begun, Stern fully entered the field of human genetics, supervising his first graduate student seminar in 1939. Stern's seminar was a response to the eugenic idea of
473:
Stern C. Kleinere
Beitraege zur Genetik von Drosophila melanogaster. I. Ein Hemmungsfakator der Purpuraugenfarbe. Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl., 1929. 52:373-89.
187:
250:. In 1941 Stern had become a full professor. From 1941 to 1947 he was chairman of the Department of Zoology and chairman of the Division of Biological Sciences.
433:
Stern C. Ein genetischer und zytologischer Beweis fuer Vererbung im Y-chromosom von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl., 1927, 44:187-231.
152:
Stern conducted his doctoral studies at the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute, which was a one- to two-hour commute each way from his home. He chose the lab of
857:
503:
Stern C, Ogura S. Neue Untersuchungen uber Aberrationen des Y Chromosoms von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl., 193158:81-121.
842:
852:
530:
Stern C. Zur Deutung eines letalen Effekts in Kreuzungen zwischen Vicia faba major und Vicia faba minor. Z. Abstamm. Vererbungsl., 1932.64:169-72.
467:
Stern C. Untersuchungen uber Aberrationen des Y-Chromosoms von Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl., 1929. 51:253—353.
168:
533:
Stern C, A. Burkart. Untersuchungen ueber eine spontane Chromosomenverlagerung bei Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Abstgsl., 1933 64: 310–25.
862:
321:, organisms that contain two or more genetically distinct types of tissues. He later demonstrated that there were multiple genes on the
506:
Zytologisch-genetische Untersuchungen als Beweise fur die Morgansche theorie des Faktorenaustausches. Biol. Zentralbl., 1931.51:547-87.
404:
258:
203:
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253:
After 11 years in NY state, he left for Berkeley in 1947, age 45 to follow in the footsteps of his mentor Richard Golschmidt at the
247:
108:
186:
Stern lived in New York City from 1924 to 1926. In 1926 his very first paper written in English was published in the prestigious
479:
Stern C. Die Mutationsrate bei Drosophila und ihre Abhaengigkeit von der Aussentemperatur. Naturwissenschaften, 1929. 17:155-56.
847:
442:
Stern C. Elimination von Autosomenteilen bei Drosophila melanogaster. Z. Indukt. Abstamm. Vererbungsl., 1928 Suppl. 11:1403-4.
265:
46:
812:
343:, so prominent in Europe and the U.S. at that time, which had made it impossible for him to continue to live in Germany.
89:
407:
in 2001, recognizes a scientist who has made major scientific achievements in human genetics during the past 10 years.
61:
827:
42:
485:
Stern C. Ueber Reduktionstypen der Heterochromosomen von Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zentralbl., 1930. 49:718-35.
464:
Stern C. Ueber Reduktionstypen der Heterochromosomen von Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zentralbl., 1929. 49:718-35.
241:
After a temporary position at Case Western Reserve University in 1933, he accepted a research associate position at
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Stern C, Sekiguti K. Analyse eines Mosaikindividuums bei Drosophila melanogaster. Biol. Zentralbl., 1931 51:194-99.
68:
35:
724:
Stern C. Wilhelm Weinberg zur hundert jahrigen Wiederkehr seines Geburtsjahres. Z. Konstit-Lehre, 1962 36:374-82.
527:
Stern C. Der Austausch der Erbmerkmale beruht auf Austausch von Chromosomenstuecken. Naturforscher, 1932 9:10—18.
518:
Stern C. Review of The Development of Sex in Vertebrates, by F. W. R. Brambell. Naturwissenschaften, 1931 19:324.
373:, a statement by leading scientists in many fields, that questioned the validity and scientific foundations of
254:
521:
Stern C. Intercambio de factores e intercambio de partes de cromosomas. Invest. Prog. Madrid, 1932. 6:156—57.
423:
Stern C. "Der Einfluss der Temperatur auf die Ausbildung einer Fluegelmutation bei Drosophila melanogaster".
294:
242:
211:
180:
75:
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Stern C. Review of Die philosophischen Grundlagen der Naturwissenschaften, by M. Hartman. Science, 133:697.
289:
272:
470:
Stern C. Die Bedeutung von Drosophila melanogaster fur die genetische Forschung. Zuechter, 1929.1:237-43.
634:"An effect of temperature and age on crossing-over in the first chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster".
608:
Hagemann R: "Curt Stern 1902-1981. Drospophilagenetiker und Humangenetiker in Deutschland und den USA".
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223:
215:
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Stern C. Faktorenaustausch und Austausch von Chromosomenstucken. Forschungen Fortschr., 1931. 7:447-48.
57:
488:
Stern C, Guyenot E. La variation et revolution. Tome I. La variation. Naturwissenschaften, 1930 8:940.
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817:
146:
329:
231:
172:
164:
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207:
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Stern C. Ueber Letalfaktoren und ihre Bedeutung fur die Haustierzucht. Zuechter, 1929, 1:264-70.
715:
Stren C. Grundlagen der menschlichen Erblehre. Goettingen: Muster-Schmidt Verlag. 1955. 560 pp.
706:
Neel JV. Curt Stern: August 30, 1902-October 23, 1981. Biogr Mem Natl Acad Sci. 1986;56:443-73.
670:
783:
581:
Allgemeine Zeitschrift des Judenthums. Ein unparteiisches Organ fuer alles juedische Interesse
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430:
Stern C. Ueber Chromosomenelimination bei der Taufliege. Naturwissenschaften, 1927, 15:740-46.
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Stern C. Die Chromosomentheorie der Faktorenkoppelung. Naturwissenschaften, 1932.20:193-201.
400:
137:
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Stern C. Ein Beweis der Morganschen Theorie des Faktorenaustausches. Z. Abstgsl., 1931. 62.
439:
Stern C. Fortschritte der Chromosomentheorie der Vererbung. Ergeb. Biol., 1928. 4:205-359.
359:
358:
After the war, his research focused on human genetics, pioneering in what is now known as
235:
227:
458:
Stern C. Ueber die additive Wirkung multiplier Allele. Biol. Zentralbl., 1929. 49:261-90.
82:
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219:
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English. He must have continued to read German science books, as he reviewed them for
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776:
551:
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Stern C. Konversionstheorie und Austauschtheorie. Biol. Zentralbl., 1930 50: 608–24.
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Stern C. Experimentelle Erzeugung von Mutationen. Naturwissenschaften, 1927, 15:528.
347:
336:
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153:
596:
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Stern C. Die Physiologie des Generationswechsels. Naturforscher, 1928. 5:497-508.
24:
660:
Stern C. Erzeugung von Mutationen durch Roentgenstrahlen. Nat. Mus.1929:577-83.
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Stern C. Erzeugung von Mutationen durch Roentgenstrahlen. Nat. Mus.1929:577-83.
125:
494:
Stern C. Der Kern als Vererbungstrager. Naturwissenschaften, 1930 18:1117—25.
583:. Volume 22, No 7. December 1857 page 92. Google books access date 1-3-2014
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156:, a protozoologist, to study the reproduction of a protozoan of the order
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Stern had read and critiqued a paper on the basis for crossing-over by
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where he had numerous doctoral students until his retirement in 1970.
124:(August 30, 1902 – October 23, 1981) was a German-born American
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Stern C. Karl Belar zum Gedachtnis. Naturwissenschaften, 19:921—23.
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In 1936, he demonstrated that recombination can also take place in
307:
367:
the subject. Stern was a signatory of the 1950 UNESCO statement
136:
Curt Jacob Stern was born into a middle-class Jewish family in
18:
756:"Dr. Curt Stern, 79; Influential teacher of human genetics".
671:
http://www.archives.com/1940-census/barned-stern-ny-62836509
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live with his family in what became a suburb of Rochester,
448:
Stern C. Ueber Vererbung. Allg. Dtsch. Hebammenz, 44.1928.
192:
Multiple Allelie, Handbuch der Vererbungswissenschaften, I
179:'s lab, the famous "Fly Room", so-named for the fruit fly
621:
Neel JV. "Curt Stern: August 30, 1902-October 23", 1981.
556:
Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences
554:(1986). "Curt Stern: August 30, 1902-October 23, 1981".
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Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United States
797:
Curt Stern Papers at the American Philosophical Society
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654:
769:. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
748:
445:
Stern C. Allgemeine Genetik. Zuechtungskunde., 3:1—7.
749:"Stern, Curt, in American National Biography Online"
416:Stern C. "Die genetische Analyse der Chromosomen".
49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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238:in April 1933 limiting public service to Aryans.
194:. 147 pp. Berlin: Gebr. Borntraeger, 1930. and
597:http://www.amphilsoc.org/guides/glass/stern.htm
595:A Guide to the Genetics Collections at the APS.
188:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
183:, the subject of genetic research for Morgan.
8:
591:
589:
284:In 1931, Stern was the first to demonstrate
782:(3 ed.). San Francisco: W.H. Freeman.
838:University of California, Berkeley faculty
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
543:
206:. He was in the company of geneticists
196:Faktorenkoppelung und Faktorenaustausch
7:
169:Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for Biology
47:adding citations to reliable sources
405:American Society of Human Genetics
204:California Institute of Technology
167:, the 45-year-old director of the
14:
328:, and described the mechanism of
248:Brighton, Monroe County, New York
858:20th-century American zoologists
767:Genetic mosaics and other essays
364:The Principles of Human Genetics
23:
843:University of Rochester faculty
34:needs additional citations for
853:20th-century German zoologists
271:Curt Stern was diagnosed with
266:American Philosophical Society
1:
778:Principles of human genetics
610:Annals of History of Biology
175:, N.Y. to study genetics in
799:Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
747:Burian, Richard M. (2000).
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863:Genetics (journal) editors
354:Re-founding human genetics
16:German-American geneticist
264:Stern was elected to the
623:Biogr Mem Natl Acad Sci.
255:University of California
295:Drosophila melanogaster
243:University of Rochester
212:Alfred Henry Sturtevant
848:Scientists from Berlin
636:Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci.
612:; 2006, Vol 11, 31-46.
290:homologous chromosomes
403:, established by the
317:resulting in somatic
224:Rollins Adams Emerson
216:Theodosius Dobzhansky
813:American geneticists
774:Stern, Curt (1973).
765:Stern, Curt (1968).
688:search.amphilsoc.org
684:"APS Member History"
599:access date 1-3-2014
147:University of Berlin
43:improve this article
418:Naturwissenschaften
330:dosage compensation
298:, only weeks after
273:Parkinson's disease
232:Berwind P. Kaufmann
173:Columbia University
165:Richard Goldschmidt
149:in 1920 at age 18.
828:German geneticists
427:, 1927, 47:361—69.
420:, 1927, 15:465-73.
300:Barbara McClintock
177:Thomas Hunt Morgan
673:accessdate 1-2-14
370:The Race Question
304:Harriet Creighton
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58:"Curt Stern"
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41:Please help
36:verification
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823:1981 deaths
818:1902 births
562:: 443–473.
552:Neel, J. V.
807:Categories
693:2021-01-28
538:References
323:Drosophila
181:Drosophila
126:geneticist
122:Curt Stern
99:March 2012
69:newspapers
648:2:257-62.
455:2:257-62.
286:crossover
268:in 1954.
568:11621212
379:eugenics
310:(corn).
259:Berkeley
158:Heliozoa
143:Gleiwitz
388:Science
346:During
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315:mitosis
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