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100:
or chemical flaws. The idiom "Friday afternoon car" was used to describe new cars that had been delivered with numerous faults or suffered from an excessive number of warranty claims early in their lives – based on the premise that assembly line workers were far more likely to make errors at the times when they were perceived to be least interested in the standard of their workmanship.
3532:
2085:
168:, a form of body collision "repair" based on buying a wrecked car and sawing off the wrecked section to replace it with a matching section from another (similar) car. If improperly repaired, these vehicles may be inherently dangerous; at high speeds, or in an accident, the car may come apart due to the weaknesses of the
99:
New vehicles may contain flaws or defects in workmanship, caused by design flaws or by an error during the automotive factory build process. These errors can range from parts being installed incorrectly to a tool that was used to build the car not being removed or a batch of materials with structural
156:
may be plagued with the same problems that beset new vehicles, used vehicles may also have been abused, improperly maintained or poorly repaired, been unprofessionally rebuilt after a collision or tampered with in some manner to conceal high mileage, mechanical defects, corrosion or other damage.
51:
The concept of describing a highly flawed item as a "lemon" predates its use in describing cars and can be traced back to the beginning of the 20th century as a
British and American slang term. "To hand someone a lemon" in British slang dated 1906 was "to pass off a sub-standard article as a good
114:
may also be used to warn subsequent purchasers of the history of a problem vehicle. While this portion of a vehicle's history is usually not retained with the title when exporting it to another jurisdiction, at least one jurisdiction (California) has started compelling manufacturers to brand the
106:
legislation typically labels vehicles as "lemons" if the same problem recurs despite multiple repair attempts (such as three times in a row over a short period, where previous attempts have not corrected the problem) or where defects have caused a new vehicle to be out of service for a prolonged
42:
that turns out to have several manufacturing issues affecting its safety, value or utility. Any vehicle with such severe issues may be termed a lemon, and by extension, so may any product with flaws too great or severe to serve its purpose.
143:
with a means of better protecting consumers. The Act does not force a manufacturer to include a warranty with its products but if there is one it must be in writing and comply with the rules of the
Magnuson-Moss Warranty Act.
3439:
3449:
187:. If this is successful, they will be given a "Q" registration, meaning they are a kit, or composite car, and not an original unit from the manufacturer. In some states of the USA, the sale of
3058:
3234:
2131:
179:
cars are treated like any car that has had major repair work resulting in what is essentially a new car. They must first be inspected for road-worthiness, be assigned a new
3401:
397:
3339:
221:
67:
as part of an advertisement campaign managed by
William Bernbach, all advertising executives with the firm Doyle Dane Bernbach in 1960, which was a follow-up to their
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Lemon laws primarily serve to force manufacturers to buy back defective vehicles or exchange them. Depending on the jurisdiction, a process similar to
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is a United States federal law enacted in 1975 to protect consumers from deceptive warranty practices. The Act was sponsored by
Senator
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of
California. The purpose of the Act was to make product warranties more easily understood and enforceable, and to provide the
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vehicles is illegal. Cars created using two or more large sections of previous ones are sometimes called "zipper cars".
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one"; in 1909, American
English slang use of "lemon" represented "worthless thing, disappointment, booby prize".
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titles of any previously reacquired vehicles that they import or export from the jurisdiction.
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S. Douma and H. Schreuder, Economic
Approaches to Organizations, 5th edition, Pearson, 2013
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906:
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354:"Guidelines on how you can register kit cars and rebuilt or radically altered vehicles"
173:
75:
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or pins connecting the two segments of the vehicle or mismatches of segments. In the
60:
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1983:
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1579:
1569:
1554:
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886:
881:
791:
635:
610:
460:
211:
136:
64:
82:" identified the severe lemon problems that may afflict markets characterized by
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781:
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56:
39:
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2018:
1672:
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1615:
1182:
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1062:
1029:
931:
916:
876:
871:
851:
831:
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615:
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17:
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1963:
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1390:
1127:
856:
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493:
430:
184:
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169:
2778:
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1077:
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3440:
80:
The Market for Lemons: Quality
Uncertainty and the Market Mechanism
3641:
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55:
Its first attribution to mean a problematic car was in a
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1994:
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1043:
965:
757:
695:
654:
601:
568:
540:
512:
474:
423:
414:
292:
Magnuson Moss Act and relevance to "lemon" vehicles
107:period (typically 30 days or longer) for repairs.
222:List of automobiles known for negative reception
3582:
3445:European Automobile Manufacturers Association
2794:
2125:
1475:
391:
8:
3589:
3575:
3567:
3541:
2840:
2801:
2787:
2779:
2132:
2118:
2110:
1941:
1515:
1482:
1468:
1460:
420:
398:
384:
376:
3366:History of the internal combustion engine
2198:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
802:Cabriolet / Convertible / Drophead coupe
3356:Automotive industry crisis of 2008–2010
1148:Homogeneous charge compression ignition
234:
207:Canadian Motor Vehicle Arbitration Plan
131:of Washington with co-sponsors Senator
3424:Minor automotive manufacturing groups
3330:Countries by motor vehicle production
7:
3531:
2084:
2057:Vehicle identification number (VIN)
25:
812:Coupé de Ville / Sedanca de Ville
135:of Utah, and U.S. Representative
3550:
3540:
3530:
3521:
3520:
3376:Timeline of motor vehicle brands
3335:Countries by vehicles per capita
2093:
2083:
2074:
2073:
1500:Part of a series of articles on
2300:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
27:Cars with manufacturing defects
1449:Template:EC car classification
160:One form of lemon is called a
71:advertising campaign for VW.
1:
1891:Approach and departure angles
1954:Automotive light bulb types
242:Online Etymology Dictionary
4006:
2141:Internal combustion engine
1138:Gasoline / petrol
902:Roadster / Spider / Spyder
283:Guide to the CA Lemon Law
264:George Akerlof (biography)
125:Magnuson–Moss Warranty Act
3944:Personal public transport
3516:
3371:History of the motorcycle
3361:History of the automobile
3320:Automobile sales by model
2816:
2758:
2609:Diesel particulate filter
2561:Idle air control actuator
2502:Engine control unit (ECU)
2147:
2069:
1497:
1434:
1278:(engine / drive)
59:advertisement created by
3858:Peer-to-peer ridesharing
3414:Motorcycle manufacturers
3392:Automobile manufacturers
3325:Best-selling automobiles
2674:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
2586:Throttle position sensor
2295:Overhead camshaft layout
1974:high-intensity discharge
917:Sedan delivery/Panel van
141:Federal Trade Commission
84:asymmetrical information
3693:Non-motorized vehicular
2213:Core plug (freeze plug)
1178:Liquified petroleum gas
990:Driverless (autonomous)
3990:Automotive terminology
3954:Personal rapid transit
3797:Personal rapid transit
3476:Automotive engineering
2906:manufacturers detailed
1658:Stressed member engine
1083:Compressed natural gas
1010:Personal rapid transit
183:and pass the standard
112:vehicle title branding
3197:List of manufacturers
3023:List of manufacturers
2876:List of manufacturers
1790:Windshield/windscreen
1349:Dual motor-four-wheel
947:Town (Coupé de Ville)
253:Volkswagen's Lemon Ad
3679:Private railroad car
3674:Motorized wheelchair
3647:Scooter (motorcycle)
3466:Auto and motor shows
2454:Compression ignition
1959:Daytime running lamp
1360:Engine configuration
3853:Flexible carpooling
3807:Ridesharing company
3734:Horse-drawn vehicle
3684:Private spaceflight
3627:Electric skateboard
3605:Motorized vehicular
3419:Truck manufacturers
2810:Automotive industry
2604:Catalytic converter
1921:Weight distribution
1853:Omniview technology
1366:internal combustion
1168:Internal combustion
975:All-terrain vehicle
897:Retractable hardtop
360:on 15 November 2010
181:registration number
104:Consumer protection
78:in his 1970 paper "
2902:manufacturers list
2730:Knocking / pinging
2322:Combustion chamber
2040:Registration plate
202:24 Hours of LeMons
129:Warren G. Magnuson
3962:
3961:
3749:Vehicles for hire
3598:Private transport
3564:
3563:
3471:Automotive design
3409:Bus manufacturers
3402:by parent company
3340:Top manufacturers
3308:
3307:
2776:
2775:
2745:Stratified charge
2512:Electrical system
2494:Engine management
2327:Compression ratio
2267:Starter ring gear
2166:rotating assembly
2107:
2106:
2065:
2064:
1929:
1928:
1760:Glass run channel
1694:Trunk/boot/dickie
1491:Automotive design
1457:
1456:
753:
752:
522:Compact executive
289:978-0-9915737-0-7
16:(Redirected from
3997:
3939:Public transport
3833:Shared transport
3782:Hackney carriage
3652:Mobility scooter
3622:Electric bicycle
3591:
3584:
3577:
3568:
3554:
3544:
3543:
3534:
3533:
3524:
3523:
3496:list of vehicles
2841:
2803:
2796:
2789:
2780:
2619:Exhaust manifold
2484:Spark plug wires
2370:Boost controller
2357:Forced induction
2134:
2127:
2120:
2111:
2097:
2087:
2086:
2077:
2076:
2024:Window deflector
2007:Side-view mirror
1942:
1565:Continental tire
1528:Backbone chassis
1516:
1484:
1477:
1470:
1461:
1369:
1328:Front-four-wheel
1279:
1142:direct injection
1053:Alternative fuel
867:Multi-stop truck
421:
400:
393:
386:
377:
370:
369:
367:
365:
356:. Archived from
350:
344:
343:
341:
339:
323:
317:
315:
313:
311:
301:
295:
281:
275:
272:
266:
261:
255:
250:
244:
239:
32:American English
21:
4005:
4004:
4000:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3995:
3994:
3965:
3964:
3963:
3958:
3927:
3877:
3873:Bicycle-sharing
3821:
3802:Pulled rickshaw
3787:Motorcycle taxi
3743:
3739:Hot air balloon
3688:
3600:
3595:
3565:
3560:
3512:
3454:
3428:
3380:
3344:
3304:
3276:
3241:
3201:
3027:
2880:
2830:
2812:
2807:
2777:
2772:
2754:
2750:Top dead centre
2718:
2678:
2633:
2590:
2539:
2513:
2506:
2495:
2488:
2435:
2389:
2351:
2307:Tappet / lifter
2290:Flathead layout
2280:
2271:
2165:
2156:
2143:
2138:
2108:
2103:
2061:
2028:
1990:
1938:
1936:
1925:
1896:Breakover angle
1879:
1806:
1746:
1698:
1677:
1505:
1493:
1488:
1458:
1453:
1430:
1401:Single-cylinder
1363:
1362:
1354:
1342:Rear-four-wheel
1293:Front mid-front
1277:
1276:
1268:
1246:Engine position
1240:
1187:
1173:Liquid nitrogen
1039:
967:
961:
749:
691:
650:
597:
583:Crossover (CUV)
564:
536:
508:
470:
410:
404:
374:
373:
363:
361:
352:
351:
347:
337:
335:
332:TheGuardian.com
327:"Cut and shuts"
325:
324:
320:
309:
307:
303:
302:
298:
282:
278:
273:
269:
262:
258:
251:
247:
240:
236:
231:
226:
217:Lemon socialism
197:
150:
121:
97:
92:
49:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4003:
4001:
3993:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3977:
3967:
3966:
3960:
3959:
3957:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3935:
3933:
3929:
3928:
3926:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3921:Stair Climbing
3913:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3904:Stair Climbing
3896:
3891:
3885:
3883:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3860:
3855:
3850:
3845:
3840:
3835:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3822:
3820:
3819:
3814:
3809:
3804:
3799:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3772:Cycle rickshaw
3769:
3764:
3759:
3753:
3751:
3745:
3744:
3742:
3741:
3736:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3711:
3706:
3696:
3694:
3690:
3689:
3687:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3661:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3608:
3606:
3602:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3593:
3586:
3579:
3571:
3562:
3561:
3559:
3558:
3548:
3538:
3528:
3517:
3514:
3513:
3511:
3510:
3505:
3500:
3499:
3498:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3459:Related topics
3456:
3455:
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3429:
3427:
3426:
3421:
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3305:
3303:
3302:
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3296:
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3249:
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3222:
3221:
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3209:
3207:
3203:
3202:
3200:
3199:
3194:
3193:
3192:
3185:United Kingdom
3182:
3177:
3176:
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3165:
3164:
3163:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3142:
3141:
3131:
3126:
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3124:
3114:
3109:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3086:
3085:
3075:
3074:
3073:
3063:
3062:
3061:
3054:Czech Republic
3051:
3046:
3041:
3035:
3033:
3029:
3028:
3026:
3025:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3005:
3000:
2999:
2998:
2988:
2987:
2986:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2961:
2956:
2955:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2927:
2922:
2921:
2920:
2910:
2909:
2908:
2894:
2888:
2886:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2878:
2873:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2847:
2845:
2838:
2832:
2831:
2829:
2828:
2823:
2817:
2814:
2813:
2808:
2806:
2805:
2798:
2791:
2783:
2774:
2773:
2771:
2770:
2765:
2759:
2756:
2755:
2753:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2726:
2724:
2720:
2719:
2717:
2716:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2686:
2684:
2680:
2679:
2677:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2649:
2643:
2641:
2639:Cooling system
2635:
2634:
2632:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2600:
2598:
2596:Exhaust system
2592:
2591:
2589:
2588:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2568:
2566:Inlet manifold
2563:
2558:
2553:
2547:
2545:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2522:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2508:
2507:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2437:
2436:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2423:
2421:Fuel injection
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2397:
2395:
2391:
2390:
2388:
2387:
2382:
2377:
2372:
2367:
2361:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2350:
2349:
2344:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2324:
2319:
2314:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2286:
2284:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2215:
2210:
2205:
2200:
2195:
2190:
2188:Connecting rod
2185:
2180:
2175:
2169:
2167:
2158:
2157:
2148:
2145:
2144:
2139:
2137:
2136:
2129:
2122:
2114:
2105:
2104:
2102:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2070:
2067:
2066:
2063:
2062:
2060:
2059:
2054:
2049:
2048:
2047:
2036:
2034:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2026:
2021:
2016:
2015:
2014:
2004:
1998:
1996:
1995:Other elements
1992:
1991:
1989:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1981:
1976:
1971:
1961:
1956:
1950:
1948:
1939:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1926:
1924:
1923:
1918:
1916:Turning radius
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1881:
1880:
1878:
1877:
1876:
1875:
1870:
1860:
1855:
1850:
1845:
1840:
1835:
1830:
1825:
1820:
1818:Bumper sticker
1814:
1812:
1811:Other elements
1808:
1807:
1805:
1804:
1803:
1802:
1797:
1787:
1782:
1777:
1772:
1767:
1762:
1756:
1754:
1748:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1714:
1708:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1691:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1678:
1676:
1675:
1670:
1665:
1660:
1655:
1650:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1633:
1628:
1623:
1618:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1610:
1609:
1594:
1589:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1540:
1535:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1513:
1507:
1506:
1498:
1495:
1494:
1489:
1487:
1486:
1479:
1472:
1464:
1455:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1446:
1441:
1435:
1432:
1431:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1418:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1393:
1388:
1383:
1378:
1372:
1370:
1356:
1355:
1353:
1352:
1345:
1338:
1335:Mid-four-wheel
1331:
1324:
1317:
1310:
1303:
1296:
1289:
1282:
1280:
1270:
1269:
1267:
1266:
1261:
1256:
1250:
1248:
1242:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1197:
1195:
1189:
1188:
1186:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1150:
1145:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1105:
1099:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1017:
1012:
1007:
1002:
997:
992:
987:
982:
977:
971:
969:
963:
962:
960:
959:
954:
949:
944:
939:
934:
929:
924:
922:Shooting brake
919:
914:
912:Saloon / Sedan
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
879:
874:
869:
864:
859:
854:
849:
844:
839:
834:
829:
824:
819:
814:
809:
804:
799:
794:
789:
784:
779:
774:
769:
763:
761:
755:
754:
751:
750:
748:
747:
742:
737:
732:
727:
722:
717:
712:
707:
701:
699:
693:
692:
690:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
658:
656:
652:
651:
649:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
618:
613:
607:
605:
599:
598:
596:
595:
590:
585:
580:
574:
572:
566:
565:
563:
562:
557:
552:
546:
544:
538:
537:
535:
534:
529:
524:
518:
516:
510:
509:
507:
506:
501:
496:
491:
486:
480:
478:
472:
471:
469:
468:
463:
458:
453:
448:
443:
438:
433:
427:
425:
418:
416:Classification
412:
411:
405:
403:
402:
395:
388:
380:
372:
371:
345:
318:
305:"Illegal cars"
296:
276:
267:
256:
245:
233:
232:
230:
227:
225:
224:
219:
214:
209:
204:
198:
196:
193:
149:
146:
120:
119:US Federal law
117:
96:
93:
91:
88:
76:George Akerlof
48:
45:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4002:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3976:
3975:Car ownership
3973:
3972:
3970:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3934:
3930:
3922:
3919:
3918:
3917:
3914:
3912:
3909:
3905:
3902:
3901:
3900:
3897:
3895:
3894:Inline skates
3892:
3890:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:Non vehicular
3880:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3830:
3828:
3824:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3808:
3805:
3803:
3800:
3798:
3795:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3762:Auto rickshaw
3760:
3758:
3755:
3754:
3752:
3750:
3746:
3740:
3737:
3735:
3732:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3714:Roller skates
3712:
3710:
3707:
3705:
3701:
3698:
3697:
3695:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3639:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3609:
3607:
3603:
3599:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3580:
3578:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3557:
3553:
3549:
3547:
3539:
3537:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3497:
3494:
3493:
3492:
3489:
3487:
3484:
3482:
3479:
3477:
3474:
3472:
3469:
3467:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3457:
3451:
3448:
3446:
3443:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3433:Organisations
3431:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3403:
3400:
3398:
3395:
3394:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:Manufacturers
3383:
3377:
3374:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3347:
3341:
3338:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3317:
3315:
3311:
3301:
3298:
3294:
3293:manufacturers
3291:
3290:
3289:
3286:
3285:
3283:
3279:
3271:
3270:manufacturers
3268:
3267:
3266:
3263:
3259:
3258:manufacturers
3256:
3255:
3254:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:South America
3244:
3236:
3235:manufacturers
3233:
3232:
3231:
3230:United States
3228:
3226:
3223:
3219:
3218:manufacturers
3216:
3215:
3214:
3211:
3210:
3208:
3206:North America
3204:
3198:
3195:
3191:
3190:manufacturers
3188:
3187:
3186:
3183:
3181:
3178:
3174:
3173:manufacturers
3171:
3170:
3169:
3166:
3162:
3161:manufacturers
3159:
3158:
3157:
3154:
3152:
3149:
3147:
3144:
3140:
3139:manufacturers
3137:
3136:
3135:
3132:
3130:
3127:
3123:
3122:manufacturers
3120:
3119:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3106:
3105:manufacturers
3103:
3102:
3101:
3098:
3096:
3093:
3091:
3088:
3084:
3083:manufacturers
3081:
3080:
3079:
3076:
3072:
3071:manufacturers
3069:
3068:
3067:
3064:
3060:
3059:manufacturers
3057:
3056:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3034:
3030:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3016:
3014:
3011:
3009:
3006:
3004:
3001:
2997:
2996:manufacturers
2994:
2993:
2992:
2989:
2985:
2984:manufacturers
2982:
2981:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2960:
2957:
2953:
2952:manufacturers
2950:
2949:
2948:
2945:
2941:
2940:manufacturers
2938:
2937:
2936:
2933:
2931:
2928:
2926:
2923:
2919:
2918:manufacturers
2916:
2915:
2914:
2911:
2907:
2903:
2900:
2899:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2877:
2874:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2864:
2862:
2859:
2857:
2854:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2839:
2837:
2833:
2827:
2826:Motor vehicle
2824:
2822:
2819:
2818:
2815:
2811:
2804:
2799:
2797:
2792:
2790:
2785:
2784:
2781:
2769:
2766:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2757:
2751:
2748:
2746:
2743:
2741:
2738:
2736:
2733:
2731:
2728:
2727:
2725:
2721:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2703:
2701:
2698:
2696:
2693:
2691:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2681:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2656:
2653:
2652:Water cooling
2650:
2648:
2645:
2644:
2642:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2629:Oxygen sensor
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
2615:
2612:
2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2601:
2599:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2584:
2582:
2579:
2577:
2574:
2572:
2569:
2567:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2548:
2546:
2544:Intake system
2542:
2536:
2535:Starter motor
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2521:
2518:
2517:
2515:
2509:
2503:
2500:
2499:
2497:
2491:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2474:Ignition coil
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2442:
2438:
2432:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2406:Petrol engine
2404:
2402:
2401:Diesel engine
2399:
2398:
2396:
2392:
2386:
2383:
2381:
2378:
2376:
2373:
2371:
2368:
2366:
2365:Blowoff valve
2363:
2362:
2360:
2358:
2354:
2348:
2345:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2328:
2325:
2323:
2320:
2318:
2315:
2313:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2304:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2282:Cylinder head
2278:
2274:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2260:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2230:
2227:
2223:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2209:
2206:
2204:
2201:
2199:
2196:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2173:Balance shaft
2171:
2170:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2153:
2146:
2142:
2135:
2130:
2128:
2123:
2121:
2116:
2115:
2112:
2100:
2096:
2092:
2090:
2082:
2080:
2072:
2071:
2068:
2058:
2055:
2053:
2050:
2046:
2043:
2042:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2017:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1997:
1993:
1985:
1982:
1980:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1970:
1967:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1960:
1957:
1955:
1952:
1951:
1949:
1947:
1943:
1940:
1932:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1888:
1886:
1882:
1874:
1871:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1859:
1856:
1854:
1851:
1849:
1846:
1844:
1841:
1839:
1836:
1834:
1833:Hood ornament
1831:
1829:
1828:Front-end bra
1826:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1815:
1813:
1809:
1801:
1798:
1796:
1793:
1792:
1791:
1788:
1786:
1783:
1781:
1780:Quarter glass
1778:
1776:
1773:
1771:
1768:
1766:
1763:
1761:
1758:
1757:
1755:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1728:
1725:
1723:
1720:
1718:
1715:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1705:
1701:
1695:
1692:
1690:
1687:
1686:
1684:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1664:
1661:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1642:
1639:
1637:
1636:Quarter panel
1634:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1624:
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1608:
1605:
1604:
1603:
1600:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1556:
1553:
1549:
1546:
1545:
1544:
1541:
1539:
1538:Body-on-frame
1536:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1526:
1525:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1508:
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1503:
1496:
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1478:
1473:
1471:
1466:
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1462:
1450:
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1437:
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1433:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
1417:
1414:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1396:Reciprocating
1394:
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1387:
1384:
1382:
1379:
1377:
1374:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1361:
1357:
1350:
1346:
1343:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1329:
1325:
1322:
1318:
1315:
1314:Rear mid-rear
1311:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1297:
1294:
1290:
1287:
1284:
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1281:
1275:
1271:
1265:
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1234:
1232:
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1222:
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1199:
1198:
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1190:
1184:
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1174:
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1129:
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1098:
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1023:
1021:
1018:
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1003:
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988:
986:
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976:
973:
972:
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964:
958:
955:
953:
950:
948:
945:
943:
940:
938:
935:
933:
930:
928:
927:Station wagon
925:
923:
920:
918:
915:
913:
910:
908:
905:
903:
900:
898:
895:
893:
890:
888:
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883:
880:
878:
875:
873:
870:
868:
865:
863:
860:
858:
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853:
850:
848:
845:
843:
840:
838:
835:
833:
830:
828:
825:
823:
820:
818:
817:Coupé utility
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
783:
780:
778:
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773:
770:
768:
765:
764:
762:
760:
756:
746:
743:
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738:
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733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
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702:
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698:
694:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
659:
657:
653:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
631:Sport compact
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
617:
614:
612:
609:
608:
606:
604:
600:
594:
591:
589:
586:
584:
581:
579:
576:
575:
573:
571:
567:
561:
558:
556:
553:
551:
548:
547:
545:
543:
542:Minivan / MPV
539:
533:
530:
528:
525:
523:
520:
519:
517:
515:
511:
505:
502:
500:
497:
495:
492:
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481:
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477:
473:
467:
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437:
434:
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429:
428:
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422:
419:
417:
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401:
396:
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389:
387:
382:
381:
378:
359:
355:
349:
346:
334:
333:
328:
322:
319:
306:
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297:
293:
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286:
280:
277:
271:
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265:
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257:
254:
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228:
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210:
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203:
200:
199:
194:
192:
190:
186:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
163:
158:
155:
148:Used vehicles
147:
145:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
118:
116:
113:
108:
105:
101:
94:
89:
87:
85:
81:
77:
72:
70:
66:
62:
61:Julian Koenig
58:
53:
46:
44:
41:
37:
33:
19:
3932:Alternatives
2871:South Africa
2659:Electric fan
2459:Coil-on-plug
2385:Turbocharger
2380:Supercharger
2252:Main bearing
2242:Firing order
2232:Displacement
2178:Block heater
2162:Engine block
2150:Part of the
2149:
2045:vanity plate
1984:trafficators
1795:washer fluid
1775:Power window
1770:Opera window
1682:Compartments
1570:Crumple zone
1555:Cabrio coach
1499:
1236:Twelve-wheel
1193:Drive wheels
966:Specialized
887:Pickup truck
792:Cabrio coach
636:Sports sedan
611:Grand tourer
364:30 September
362:. Retrieved
358:the original
348:
336:. Retrieved
330:
321:
310:30 September
308:. Retrieved
299:
279:
270:
259:
248:
237:
212:Decrepit car
189:cut and shut
188:
177:cut and shut
176:
165:
162:cut and shut
161:
159:
151:
137:John E. Moss
122:
109:
102:
98:
95:New vehicles
73:
65:Helmut Krone
54:
50:
35:
29:
18:Cut-and-shut
3949:Modal share
3792:Paratransit
3709:Pack animal
3659:Private jet
3300:New Zealand
3112:Netherlands
2979:South Korea
2969:Philippines
2959:North Korea
2683:Lubrication
2647:Air cooling
2464:Distributor
2416:Fuel filter
2394:Fuel system
2375:Intercooler
2342:Timing belt
2332:Head gasket
2262:Piston ring
1979:sealed beam
1911:Roll center
1906:Ride height
1843:Japan black
1838:Instruments
1823:Curb feeler
1689:Hood/bonnet
1386:Four-stroke
1286:Front-front
1226:Eight-wheel
1201:Front-wheel
1133:Natural gas
1118:Fossil fuel
1073:Biogasoline
759:Body styles
687:Vintage car
316:{Spam Link}
69:Think Small
47:Terminology
3969:Categories
3889:Ice skates
3848:Car jockey
3843:Carpooling
3838:Carsharing
3812:Share taxi
3757:Car rental
3729:Wheelchair
3724:Skateboard
3664:Motor ship
3637:Motorcycle
3632:Hovercraft
3481:Drive time
3013:Uzbekistan
2892:Bangladesh
2836:By country
2735:Power band
2695:Oil filter
2669:Thermostat
2614:EGT sensor
2576:MAF sensor
2571:MAP sensor
2556:Air filter
2520:Alternator
2479:Spark plug
2411:Carburetor
2337:Rocker arm
2277:Valvetrain
2208:Crankshaft
2152:Automobile
1765:Greenhouse
1411:Two-stroke
1307:Front-rear
1300:Rear-front
1216:Four-wheel
1206:Rear-wheel
1045:Propulsion
1035:Voiturette
1020:Flying car
1015:Police car
980:Amphibious
892:Quad coupé
782:Berlinetta
499:Street rod
441:Subcompact
229:References
133:Frank Moss
74:Economist
57:Volkswagen
3767:Boda-boda
3669:Submarine
3617:Motorboat
3503:Debadging
3491:Rebadging
3288:Australia
3253:Argentina
2925:Indonesia
2469:Glow plug
2431:Fuel tank
2426:Fuel pump
2193:Crankcase
2019:Tow hitch
1937:equipment
1863:Tire/tyre
1722:Gull-wing
1712:Butterfly
1673:Trunk lid
1616:Monocoque
1520:Framework
1321:Rear-rear
1231:Ten-wheel
1221:Six-wheel
1211:Two-wheel
1123:Fuel cell
1063:Biodiesel
1030:Tow truck
1005:Pedal car
985:Connected
957:Vis-Ă -vis
932:Targa top
877:Panel van
872:Notchback
852:Limousine
842:Landaulet
832:Hatchback
777:Barchetta
745:S-segment
740:M-segment
735:J-segment
730:F-segment
725:E-segment
720:D-segment
715:C-segment
710:B-segment
705:A-segment
616:Hot hatch
593:Coupe SUV
527:Executive
489:Lead sled
466:Full-size
446:Supermini
338:28 August
154:used cars
3911:Swimming
3863:Slugging
3526:Category
3508:Glossary
3486:Facelift
3151:Slovakia
3044:Bulgaria
3003:Thailand
2964:Pakistan
2947:Malaysia
2768:Category
2713:Dry sump
2709:Wet sump
2700:Oil pump
2664:Radiator
2581:Throttle
2441:Ignition
2312:Camshaft
2237:Flywheel
2218:Cylinder
2203:Crankpin
2079:Category
1964:Headlamp
1946:Lighting
1935:Exterior
1901:Overhang
1884:Geometry
1868:run-flat
1848:Nerf bar
1663:Subframe
1631:Platform
1621:Overhang
1533:Beltline
1444:Category
1421:W engine
1406:Straight
1163:Hydrogen
1128:Fuel gas
1093:Electric
968:vehicles
907:Runabout
857:Microvan
847:Liftback
837:Kammback
822:Fastback
797:Cab over
787:Brougham
532:Personal
504:T-bucket
494:Lowrider
461:Mid-size
195:See also
185:MOT test
166:clipping
3980:Quality
3916:Walking
3899:Running
3868:Vanpool
3817:Taxicab
3777:Gondola
3719:Scooter
3704:Cycling
3700:Bicycle
3536:Commons
3397:marques
3349:History
3281:Oceania
3180:Ukraine
3129:Romania
3095:Ireland
3090:Hungary
3078:Germany
3049:Croatia
3039:Belarus
3018:Vietnam
2866:Nigeria
2861:Morocco
2740:Redline
2624:Muffler
2525:Battery
2449:Magneto
2089:Commons
1785:Sunroof
1737:Suicide
1732:Sliding
1727:Scissor
1668:Tonneau
1653:Spoiler
1560:Chassis
1416:V (Vee)
1391:H-block
1157:plug-in
1155: (
1140: (
1110: (
1108:Ethanol
1097:battery
1095: (
1068:Biofuel
1058:Autogas
1025:Taxicab
1000:Gyrocar
995:Go-kart
942:Touring
937:Torpedo
882:Phaeton
862:Minibus
827:Hardtop
672:Economy
667:Classic
662:Antique
646:Go-kart
578:Compact
555:Leisure
550:Compact
484:Hot rod
456:Compact
424:By size
40:vehicle
3826:Shared
3556:Portal
3265:Brazil
3225:Mexico
3213:Canada
3168:Sweden
3146:Serbia
3134:Russia
3117:Poland
3066:France
3032:Europe
3008:Turkey
2991:Taiwan
2974:Russia
2844:Africa
2763:Portal
2551:Airbox
2530:Dynamo
2257:Piston
2247:Stroke
2226:layout
2154:series
2099:Portal
1969:hidden
1717:Canopy
1626:Pillar
1607:shaker
1592:Grille
1585:skirts
1580:ponton
1575:Fender
1548:Dagmar
1543:Bumper
1439:Portal
1426:Wankel
1351:
1347:
1344:
1340:
1337:
1333:
1330:
1326:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1298:
1295:
1291:
1288:
1274:Layout
1153:Hybrid
1088:Diesel
1078:Biogas
772:Baquet
621:Muscle
603:Sports
514:Luxury
476:Custom
451:Family
409:design
287:
152:While
3985:Slang
3642:Moped
3156:Spain
3100:Italy
2935:Japan
2913:India
2897:China
2856:Kenya
2851:Egypt
2723:Other
2347:Valve
2317:Chest
2052:Theft
2033:Legal
2012:power
1873:spare
1858:Parts
1800:wiper
1752:Glass
1704:Doors
1602:scoop
1376:Boxer
1254:Front
1183:Steam
952:T-top
807:Coupe
655:Other
641:Super
431:Micro
170:welds
38:is a
36:lemon
3546:List
3313:Data
2930:Iran
2885:Asia
2705:Sump
2222:bank
2183:Bore
2002:Horn
1742:Swan
1646:rack
1641:Roof
1597:Hood
1511:Body
1502:cars
1381:Flat
1264:Rear
626:Pony
588:Mini
560:Mini
366:2010
340:2019
312:2010
285:ISBN
123:The
90:Laws
63:and
34:, a
3612:Car
2821:Car
2690:Oil
2279:and
2164:and
1259:Mid
1112:E85
1102:NEV
767:2+2
682:Van
677:Ute
570:SUV
436:Kei
407:Car
164:or
30:In
3971::
2904:,
2711:,
2224:,
697:EU
329:.
174:UK
86:.
3702:/
3590:e
3583:t
3576:v
2802:e
2795:t
2788:v
2715:)
2707:(
2228:)
2220:(
2133:e
2126:t
2119:v
1483:e
1476:t
1469:v
1368:)
1364:(
1159:)
1144:)
1114:)
1104:)
399:e
392:t
385:v
368:.
342:.
314:.
294:.
20:)
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