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level. Small vessel cutaneous vasculitis is a diagnosis of exclusion and requires ruling out systemic causes of the skin findings. Skin biopsy (punch or excisional) is the most definitive diagnostic test and should be performed with 48 hours of appearance of the vasculitis. A skin biopsy will be able
336:
The diagnostic testing for vasculitis should be guided by the patient's history and physical exam. The clinician should ask about the duration, onset, and presence any associated symptoms such as weight loss or fatigue (that would indicate a systemic cause). It is important to distinguish between IgA
331:
Micrograph of cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis. The section shows all features of leucocytoclastic vasculitis. A mixed inflammatory cell population surrounding the postcapillary venules of the superficial dermis. The infiltrate consists of neutrophils with nuclear dust (dashed arrows) and shows high
318:
Considering the wide range of potential causes leading to cutaneous small vessel vasculitis, there are subtle variations in the underlying pathophysiology for each cause. For example, medications are metabolized to smaller molecules that can attach to proteins in the blood or vessel walls. The immune
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to the vessels. Once activated, neutrophils then release preformed substances, including enzymes causing damage to vessel tissue. Evidence of this process can be seen with a sample of removed skin tissue, or biopsy, viewed under a microscope. Neutrophils are seen surrounding blood vessels and their
219:
Cutaneous vasculitis can have various causes including but not limited to medications, bacterial and viral infections or allergens. It is estimated that 45–55% of cases are idiopathic, meaning the cause is unknown. In cases where a cause can be determined, medications and infectious pathogens are
429:
Treatment should be directed towards the specific underlying cause of the vasculitis. If no underlying cause is found and the vasculitis is truly limited to the skin then treatment is primarily supportive. Such treatment involves measures such as leg elevation, stockings, and topical steroids to
165:
Once fully developed, the classic appearance is "non-blanching, palpable purpura". This appears as deep red to purple spots that feel raised to the touch. Purpura refers to the red-purple discolored spots, while palpable implies that these spots can be felt as raised from the surrounding skin.
337:
and non-IgA vasculitis. IgA vasculitis is more likely to present with abdominal pain, bloody urine, and joint pain. In the case that the cause is not obvious, a reasonable initial workup would include a complete blood count, urinalysis, basic metabolic panel, fecal occult blood testing,
206:
Frequently reported symptoms include mild fever, muscle pain, joint pain, or an overall feeling of discomfort. Additional symptoms depend on the cause of the vasculitis and if other organ systems are involved. For example, if the vasculitis is a manifestation of
1308:
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The small vessels in the skin affected are located in the superficial dermis and include arterioles (small arteries carrying blood to capillaries), capillaries, and venules (small veins receiving blood from capillaries). In general,
319:
system senses these altered proteins as foreign and produces antibodies in efforts to eliminate them from the body. A similar process occurs with infectious agents, such as bacteria, in which antibodies target microbial components.
180:
The location of skin lesions varies but are most commonly found symmetrically below the waist, primarily on the buttocks and legs. Other distributions include localized areas on the upper body or over several areas of the body.
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Additionally, when gently pressed, the color does not fade to a lighter color ("non-blanching"). The red-purple color of the lesions is due to the inflammation in the blood vessels causing red blood cells to escape into the
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most common in adults, while IgA vasculitis (Henoch–Schönlein purpura) frequently affects children. Other etiologies include autoimmune conditions and malignancies, usually hematologic (related to the blood).
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With treatment, the lesions typically resolve in weeks to months and leave behind flat spots that are darker than the surrounding skin (see "Postinflammatory hyperpigmentation" on "
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are often used for this purpose. If rapid control of symptoms is needed, a short course of high-dose oral steroids may be given. Immunosuppressive agents such as
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affinity for the vessels. Features of vascular injury are shown including fibrinoid necrosis (asterisks) and erythrocyte extravasation (solid arrows).
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A portion of cases may be persistent or recurrent. This tends to occur when the vasculitis is associated with chronic conditions such as
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relieve itching/burning. If the vasculitis does not self-resolve within 3–4 weeks, more aggressive treatment may be warranted. Oral
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883:. Lichtman, Andrew H.,, Pillai, Shiv,, Baker, David L. (Medical illustrator),, Baker, Alexandra (Fifth ed.). St. Louis, Mo.
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Callen, Jeffrey P.; Jorizzo, Joseph L.; Zone, John J.; Piette, Warren; Rosenbach, Misha A.; Vleugels, Ruth Ann (2016-03-08).
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Small Vessel
Vasculitis of the Skin, Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America, 2015-02-01, Volume 41, Issue 1, Pages 21-32
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Initially red to pink, flat spots (formally, "macules") and raised bumps (formally, "papules") may be seen on the skin.
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Giang, Jenny; Seelen, Marc A. J.; van Doorn, Martijn B. A.; Rissmann, Robert; Prens, Errol P.; Damman, Jeffrey (2018).
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933:. Kumar, Vinay, 1944-, Abbas, Abul K.,, Aster, Jon C.,, Perkins, James A. (Ninth ed.). Philadelphia, PA.
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Small fluid-filled blisters (or "vesicles"), pus-filled bumps resembling a pimple (or "pustules"), or shallow
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1246:. Berger, Timothy G.,, Elston, Dirk M.,, Andrews, George Clinton (Twelfth ed.). Philadelphia, PA.
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1041:. Bolognia, Jean., Jorizzo, Joseph L., Schaffer, Julie V. (3rd ed.). : Elsevier Saunders. 2012.
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Lotti T, Ghersetich I, Comacchi C, Jorizzo JL (November 1998). "Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis".
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to determine if the clinical findings are truly due to a vasculitis or due to some other cause.
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In most cases skin lesions do not cause symptoms, however itching, burning, or pain may occur.
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1193:"2012 Revised International Chapel Hill Consensus Conference Nomenclature of Vasculitides"
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Bolognia, Jean L.; Schaffer, Julie V.; Duncan, Karynne O.; Ko, Christine J. (2014-02-26).
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657:. Bolognia, Jean,, Schaffer, Julie V.,, Duncan, Karynne O.,, Ko, Christine J. Oxford.
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315:. This finding on histological examination is termed "leukocytoclastic vasculitis".
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1115:. Adams, James, 1962- (2nd ed.). Philadelphia, Pa: Elsevier/ Saunders. 2013.
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may be used in truly refractory cases not responsive to colchicine or dapsone.
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145:-destroying') refers to the damage caused by nuclear debris from infiltrating
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Upadhyay, AnimeshA; Kaushik, ShivaniB; Routt, Ethan; Phelps, Robert (2019).
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seen in clinical practice, usually caused by inflammation of post-capillary
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211:, individuals may also experience abdominal pain or blood in the urine.
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J. C. Jennette; R. J. Falk; P. A. Bacon; et al. (January 2013).
306:. C3a and C5a, proteins produced from the complement system, attract
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Cutaneous vasculitis and other vascular-related cutaneous conditions
881:
Basic immunology : functions and disorders of the immune system
618:
Harrison's
Principles of Internal Medicine. 18th edition. Page 2798.
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Rapini, Ronald P.; Bolognia, Jean L.; Jorizzo, Joseph L. (2007).
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Inflammation of small blood vessels, accompanied by skin bumps
833:. Busam, Klaus J. (1st ed.). : Saunders/Elsevier. 2010.
526:
James, William D.; Berger, Timothy G.; et al. (2006).
291:
Antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
1244:
Andrews' diseases of the skin : clinical dermatology
723:. Callen, Jeffrey P., 1947- (Fifth ed.). Edinburgh.
768:"Pustular vasculitis: Different names for same entity?"
978:"Complement Activation in Inflammatory Skin Diseases"
302:
deposit in vessel walls leading to activation of the
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929:
Kumar, Vinay; Abbas, Abul K.; Aster, Jon C. (2014).
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2560:Transfusion-associated graft-versus-host disease
44:Hypersensitivity vasculitis, allergic vasculitis
931:Robbins and Cotran pathologic basis of disease
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1962:Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
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1113:Emergency medicine : clinical essentials
354:Subtypes of small-vessel vasculitis include:
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721:Dermatological signs of systemic disease
2594:Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
1531:Purpura secondary to clotting disorders
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141:"Leukocytoclastic" (literally meaning '
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1136:
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954:
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177:may also develop but are less common.
58:Example of hypersensitivity vasculitis
2685:Vascular-related cutaneous conditions
2416:Post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
1695:Hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia
1556:Waldenström hyperglobulinemic purpura
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105:cutaneous leukocytoclastic vasculitis
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2680:Systemic connective tissue disorders
1690:Generalized essential telangiectasia
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311:debris within vessel walls, causing
113:cutaneous leukocytoclastic angiitis
2008:Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
402:Platelet dysfunction or deficiency
367:Acute hemorrhagic edema of infancy
25:
2633:Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome
2023:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
1987:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
1758:Template:Lymphatic vessel disease
1462:Perinatal gangrene of the buttock
772:Indian Dermatology Online Journal
224:Most Common Etiologies in Adults
99:. The condition is also known as
81:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
36:Cutaneous small-vessel vasculitis
2270:Hemolytic disease of the newborn
1948:Granulomatosis with polyangiitis
1700:Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia
1242:James, William D. (2015-04-20).
483:
474:
465:
456:
117:cutaneous necrotizing vasculitis
2452:Subacute bacterial endocarditis
2314:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura
2018:Bullous small vessel vasculitis
1818:Reactive angioendotheliomatosis
559:(5 Pt 1): 667–87, quiz 688–90.
121:cutaneous necrotizing venulitis
95:, usually accompanied by small
18:Cutaneous necrotizing venulitis
1643:Bonnet–Dechaume–Blanc syndrome
339:erythrocyte sedimentation rate
126:It is the most common form of
1:
2532:Postorgasmic illness syndrome
1541:Pigmentary purpuric eruptions
879:Abbas, Abul K. (2015-11-02).
565:10.1016/S0190-9622(98)70039-8
2589:Hypersensitivity pneumonitis
1723:Arterial insufficiency ulcer
1619:Template:Systemic vasculitis
1584:Superficial thrombophlebitis
1469:Malignant atrophic papulosis
504:List of cutaneous conditions
279:Systemic lupus erythematosus
2655:Systemic autoimmune disease
2491:Allergic contact dermatitis
2411:Hypersensitivity vasculitis
2294:Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
2013:Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
1799:Arteriosclerosis obliterans
1492:Nonthrombocytopenic purpura
1438:Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
377:Cryoglobulinemic vasculitis
149:in and around the vessels.
101:hypersensitivity vasculitis
2706:
2161:common allergies include:
1914:Thromboangiitis obliterans
1784:Thromboangiitis obliterans
1638:Arteriovenous malformation
1496:Cryofibrinogenemic purpura
1396:Erythema elevatum diutinum
1198:Arthritis & Rheumatism
1158:Bolognia, Jean L. (2017).
392:ANCA-associated vasculitis
382:Erythema elevatum diutinum
363:(Henoch-Schönlein purpura)
193:connective tissue diseases
1979:Type III hypersensitivity
1561:Painful bruising syndrome
1536:Purpuric agave dermatitis
596:Dermatology: 2-Volume Set
109:hypersensitivity angiitis
57:
48:
2406:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
2221:Eosinophilic esophagitis
1967:Microscopic polyangiitis
1569:Paroxysmal hand hematoma
1434:Cryoglobulinemic purpura
995:10.3389/fimmu.2018.00639
785:10.4103/idoj.idoj_415_18
209:Henoch–Schönlein purpura
2690:Immune system disorders
2522:Hashimoto's thyroiditis
2309:Guillain–Barré syndrome
1808:Marshall–White syndrome
1794:Septic thrombophlebitis
1574:Postcardiotomy syndrome
1421:Microvascular occlusion
982:Frontiers in Immunology
2623:Autoimmune adrenalitis
1665:lymphatic malformation
1630:Vascular malformations
1143:: CS1 maint: others (
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655:Dermatology essentials
333:
97:lumps beneath the skin
1660:Sinusoidal hemangioma
1653:Parkes Weber syndrome
1599:Fibrinolysis syndrome
1594:Blueberry muffin baby
1452:Livedoid vasculopathy
1406:Urticarial vasculitis
553:J. Am. Acad. Dermatol
530:. Saunders Elsevier.
417:Livedoid vasculopathy
372:Urticarial vasculitis
330:
2628:Autoimmune hepatitis
2607:Transplant rejection
2517:Giant cell arteritis
2447:Rheumatoid arthritis
2304:Goodpasture syndrome
2216:Autoimmune urticaria
2043:Goodpasture syndrome
1904:Polyarteritis nodosa
1886:Giant cell arteritis
1881:Takayasu's arteritis
1823:Trousseau's syndrome
1779:Raynaud's phenomenon
1772:cutaneous conditions
1579:Deep vein thrombosis
1506:Food-induced purpura
1501:Drug-induced purpura
1388:Cutaneous vasculitis
598:. St. Louis: Mosby.
275:Rheumatoid arthritis
2094:autoimmune diseases
1865:Systemic vasculitis
1813:Cholesterol embolus
1738:Acroangiodermatitis
1728:Hematopoietic ulcer
1609:Systemic vasculitis
1521:Orthostatic purpura
1516:Obstructive purpura
1457:Livedoid dermatitis
225:
199:Associated symptoms
2537:Reactive arthritis
2527:Multiple sclerosis
2421:Reactive arthritis
2319:Pemphigus vulgaris
2299:Bullous pemphigoid
2200:Penicillin allergy
2136:Allergic urticaria
2048:Sneddon's syndrome
1474:Sneddon's syndrome
1411:Nodular vasculitis
1325:External resources
407:Cholesterol emboli
343:C-reactive protein
334:
313:fibrinoid necrosis
262:Streptococcus spp.
223:
153:Signs and symptoms
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2357:Pernicious anemia
2352:Myasthenia gravis
2229:
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2152:Atopic dermatitis
2141:Allergic rhinitis
2056:
2055:
2031:
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1831:
1830:
1733:Neuropathic ulcer
1675:Aagenaes syndrome
1670:Hennekam syndrome
1551:Traumatic purpura
1526:Purpura fulminans
1348:
1347:
1212:10.1002/art.37715
605:978-1-4160-2999-1
537:978-0-7216-2921-6
450:Additional images
387:Granuloma faciale
304:complement system
295:
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186:Hyperpigmentation
78:
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30:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
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2650:Sjögren syndrome
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1770:vascular-related
1589:Mondor's disease
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831:Dermatopathology
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300:immune complexes
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2512:Coeliac disease
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2347:Graves' disease
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2324:Rheumatic fever
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2131:Allergic asthma
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1789:Erythromelalgia
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2438:
2436:
2432:
2431:
2429:
2428:
2426:Serum sickness
2423:
2418:
2413:
2408:
2403:
2398:
2392:
2390:
2383:
2380:Immune complex
2371:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2363:
2362:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2343:
2341:
2330:
2329:
2327:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2290:
2288:
2279:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2265:
2258:
2257:
2256:
2255:
2254:
2249:
2231:
2230:
2227:
2226:
2224:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2210:
2206:
2205:
2203:
2202:
2197:
2196:
2195:
2190:
2185:
2180:
2175:
2170:
2165:
2154:
2149:
2144:
2138:
2133:
2127:
2125:
2118:
2098:
2097:
2088:
2086:
2085:
2078:
2071:
2063:
2054:
2053:
2051:
2050:
2045:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2032:
2029:
2028:
2026:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2004:
2002:
1998:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1992:IgA vasculitis
1989:
1983:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1972:
1971:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1952:
1951:
1950:
1937:
1935:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1900:
1898:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1888:
1883:
1877:
1875:
1869:
1868:
1863:
1861:
1860:
1853:
1846:
1838:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1825:
1820:
1815:
1810:
1801:
1796:
1791:
1786:
1781:
1775:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1762:
1761:
1752:
1750:
1744:
1743:
1741:
1740:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1714:
1712:
1706:
1705:
1703:
1702:
1697:
1692:
1685:telangiectasia
1680:
1679:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1662:
1657:
1656:
1655:
1650:
1645:
1634:
1632:
1626:
1625:
1623:
1622:
1613:
1611:
1605:
1604:
1602:
1601:
1596:
1591:
1586:
1581:
1576:
1571:
1564:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1533:
1528:
1523:
1518:
1513:
1511:IgA vasculitis
1508:
1503:
1498:
1488:
1486:
1480:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1465:
1464:
1459:
1441:
1440:
1431:
1425:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1413:
1408:
1403:
1398:
1392:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1378:
1377:
1370:
1363:
1355:
1346:
1345:
1342:
1341:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1321:
1318:
1317:
1304:
1299:
1298:
1296:
1295:Classification
1288:
1287:External links
1285:
1282:
1281:
1252:
1234:
1183:
1168:
1162:. : Elsevier.
1150:
1121:
1104:
1076:
1047:
1027:
968:
939:
918:
889:
868:
839:
817:
778:(6): 721–723.
758:
729:
692:
663:
620:
611:
604:
586:
543:
536:
514:
513:
511:
508:
507:
506:
501:
494:
491:
490:
489:
482:
480:
473:
471:
464:
462:
455:
451:
448:
426:
423:
422:
421:
420:
419:
414:
409:
404:
399:
394:
389:
384:
379:
374:
369:
364:
361:IgA vasculitis
351:
350:Classification
348:
324:
321:
293:
292:
289:
286:
282:
281:
272:
269:
265:
264:
258:Staphylococcus
255:
252:
248:
247:
246:Cause unknown
244:
241:
237:
236:
233:
230:
216:
213:
200:
197:
159:
156:
154:
151:
76:
75:
66:
60:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
38:
37:
29:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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2683:
2681:
2678:
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2653:
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2648:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2631:
2629:
2626:
2624:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2614:
2608:
2605:
2602:
2601:Latex allergy
2599:
2595:
2592:
2591:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2584:
2580:
2577:
2571:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
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2549:
2543:
2540:
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2535:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2525:
2523:
2520:
2518:
2515:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2503:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2479:
2476:
2471:
2470:cell-mediated
2467:
2463:
2453:
2450:
2448:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2427:
2424:
2422:
2419:
2417:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2404:
2402:
2401:Farmer's lung
2399:
2397:
2394:
2393:
2391:
2387:
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2372:
2358:
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2262:
2259:
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2222:
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2214:
2213:
2211:
2207:
2201:
2198:
2194:
2191:
2189:
2186:
2184:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2174:
2171:
2169:
2166:
2164:
2160:
2159:
2158:
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2153:
2150:
2148:
2145:
2142:
2139:
2137:
2134:
2132:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2122:
2119:
2116:
2111:
2107:
2103:
2099:
2095:
2091:
2084:
2079:
2077:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2064:
2061:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2040:
2038:
2034:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2005:
2003:
1999:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1984:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1949:
1946:
1945:
1944:
1943:
1939:
1938:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1927:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1910:
1907:
1905:
1902:
1901:
1899:
1897:
1896:Medium vessel
1893:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1859:
1854:
1852:
1847:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1836:
1824:
1821:
1819:
1816:
1814:
1811:
1809:
1805:
1802:
1800:
1797:
1795:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1785:
1782:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1766:
1760:
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1745:
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1731:
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1724:
1721:
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1716:
1715:
1713:
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1701:
1698:
1696:
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1682:
1681:
1676:
1673:
1671:
1668:
1667:
1666:
1663:
1661:
1658:
1654:
1651:
1649:
1648:Cobb syndrome
1646:
1644:
1641:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1627:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1614:
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1610:
1606:
1600:
1597:
1595:
1592:
1590:
1587:
1585:
1582:
1580:
1577:
1575:
1572:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1562:
1559:
1557:
1554:
1552:
1549:
1547:
1546:Solar purpura
1544:
1542:
1539:
1537:
1534:
1532:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1517:
1514:
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1497:
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1470:
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1455:
1454:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1443:
1442:
1439:
1435:
1432:
1430:
1429:Calciphylaxis
1427:
1426:
1424:
1422:
1418:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1402:
1399:
1397:
1394:
1393:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1364:
1362:
1357:
1356:
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1253:9780323319676
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1169:9780702062759
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1124:
1122:9781455733941
1118:
1114:
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1089:
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1083:
1081:
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1072:
1066:
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1048:9780723435716
1044:
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1034:
1032:
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1023:
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1014:
1009:
1005:
1001:
996:
991:
987:
983:
979:
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969:
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958:
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940:9781455726134
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890:9780323390828
886:
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875:
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858:
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840:9780443066542
836:
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818:
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799:
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791:
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762:
759:
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740:
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730:9780323358316
726:
722:
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711:
709:
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705:
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699:
697:
693:
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664:9780702055393
660:
656:
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645:
643:
641:
639:
637:
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633:
631:
629:
627:
625:
621:
615:
612:
607:
601:
597:
590:
587:
582:
578:
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570:
566:
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558:
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544:
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522:
520:
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509:
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492:
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481:
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468:
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459:
454:
449:
447:
445:
441:
437:
433:
424:
418:
415:
413:
412:Septic emboli
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
380:
378:
375:
373:
370:
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362:
359:
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357:
356:
355:
349:
347:
344:
340:
329:
322:
320:
316:
314:
309:
305:
301:
290:
287:
284:
283:
280:
276:
273:
270:
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259:
256:
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245:
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239:
238:
234:
231:
228:
227:
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210:
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189:
187:
182:
178:
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163:
157:
152:
150:
148:
144:
139:
137:
133:
129:
124:
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
93:blood vessels
90:
86:
82:
74:
70:
67:
65:
61:
56:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
19:
2496:Mantoux test
2410:
2157:Food allergy
2022:
1986:
1954:
1940:
1933:Pauci-immune
1924:Small vessel
1873:Large vessel
1755:
1718:Venous ulcer
1683:
1664:
1616:
1447:coagulopathy
1444:
1401:Capillaritis
1387:
1332:
1307:
1243:
1237:
1202:
1196:
1186:
1160:Dermatologyh
1159:
1153:
1112:
1107:
1038:
985:
981:
971:
930:
880:
830:
775:
771:
761:
720:
654:
614:
595:
589:
556:
552:
546:
527:
444:azathioprine
440:methotrexate
428:
353:
335:
317:
296:
285:Medications
261:
257:
218:
205:
202:
190:
183:
179:
172:
170:skin layer.
164:
161:
158:Skin lesions
140:
125:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
89:inflammation
84:
80:
79:
69:Rheumatology
2147:Anaphylaxis
2143:(Hay fever)
1567:ungrouped:
1205:(1): 1–11.
1039:Dermatology
499:Skin lesion
341:(ESR), and
308:neutrophils
268:Autoimmune
240:Idiopathic
147:neutrophils
41:Other names
2674:Categories
2616:Autoimmune
2505:Autoimmune
2435:Autoimmune
2278:Autoimmune
2209:Autoimmune
1804:Bier spots
1748:Lymphedema
510:References
432:colchicine
251:Infection
232:Frequency
128:vasculitis
73:Immunology
2286:Cytotoxic
2001:Ungrouped
1768:Ungrouped
1445:vascular
1270:cite book
1262:910882314
1178:981985926
1139:cite book
1131:820203833
1065:cite book
1057:802040381
1004:1664-3224
957:cite book
949:879416939
907:cite book
899:929898069
857:cite book
849:658000389
794:2229-5178
747:cite book
739:947111367
681:cite book
673:877821912
425:Treatment
323:Diagnosis
235:Examples
143:leukocyte
91:of small
64:Specialty
2575:multiple
2573:Unknown/
2375:Type III
2339:receptor
2188:Tree nut
1334:Orphanet
1229:20891451
1221:23045170
1022:29713318
812:31807459
581:26565263
493:See also
2582:Foreign
2484:Foreign
2475:T cells
2466:Type IV
2389:Foreign
2264:Foreign
2235:Type II
2178:Seafood
2124:Foreign
2106:allergy
1484:Purpura
1316:: M31.0
1013:5911619
988:: 639.
803:6859773
573:9810883
436:dapsone
288:10–15%
271:15–20%
254:15–20%
243:45–55%
134:in the
132:venules
2603:(I+IV)
2335:Type V
2173:Peanut
2102:Type I
1956:p-ANCA
1942:c-ANCA
1260:
1250:
1227:
1219:
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810:
800:
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737:
727:
671:
661:
602:
579:
571:
534:
229:Cause
175:ulcers
168:dermis
136:dermis
2442:Lupus
2193:Wheat
2110:atopy
2036:Other
1710:Ulcer
1225:S2CID
577:S2CID
215:Cause
87:) is
2643:APS2
2638:APS1
2552:GVHD
2239:ADCC
2168:Milk
2092:and
1756:see
1617:see
1276:link
1258:OCLC
1248:ISBN
1217:PMID
1174:OCLC
1164:ISBN
1145:link
1127:OCLC
1117:ISBN
1071:link
1053:OCLC
1043:ISBN
1018:PMID
1000:ISSN
963:link
945:OCLC
935:ISBN
913:link
895:OCLC
885:ISBN
863:link
845:OCLC
835:ISBN
808:PMID
790:ISSN
753:link
735:OCLC
725:ISBN
687:link
669:OCLC
659:ISBN
600:ISBN
569:PMID
532:ISBN
442:and
260:and
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119:and
85:CSVV
2252:IgM
2247:IgG
2183:Soy
2163:Egg
2115:IgE
1339:889
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1008:PMC
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
