915:
147:
121:
294:
901:
324:. The eyes, when present, were stalked, with the head also bearing two pairs of antennae, the first of which (dubbed the antennulae), are significantly longer than the second. There are at least eight pairs of appendages excluding the antennae and antennulae. The anterior appendages (including the pairs of
480:
While most cyclidans are known from marine environments, a handful are known to have inhabited freshwater environments. Many marine species occupied reef habitats, while other are known to have lived in deep marine settings. The anterior chelae like appendages are suggested to have been used for
460:, however, later studies have rejected this placement, due to the similarities between the two groups only being superficial. A 2020 study based on well preserved remains of Americlidae from the Carboniferous of Britain found that Cyclida had the greatest affinities with
1459:
Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Schram, Frederick R.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Clark, Neil D L. (2020). "Redescription of
Americlus rankini (Woodward, 1868) (Pancrustacea: Cyclida: Americlidae) and interpretation of its systematic placement, morphology, and paleoecology".
766:
Family
Alsasuacaridae van Bakel, Jagt, Fraaije & Artal, 2011 (Note: The placement of these taxa within Cyclida has been questioned, and some authors argue that these taxa may be true crabs instead).
364:. However, other workers have interpreted the gills as similar to those of crustaceans, and the possession of two pairs of antennae is considered characteristic for many groups of crustaceans.
481:
grasping and manipulating food items. Cyclidans are suggested to have had a similar ecology to modern crabs, including as detritivores, scavengers, predators and consumers of plant matter. A
622:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 definitely two and possibly four species, known from the Lower
Carboniferous of the British Isles and the Upper Carboniferous of North America
1543:
308:, with circular to ovoid carapaces, which vary from flat to domed. The carapace covers the entire body. The largest members are over 6 centimetres (2.4 in) across the
531:
Dzik, 2008 comprises two species from the
Carboniferous of North America and three species from the Early Triassic of Madagascar, some of which were formerly included in
1725:
1634:
1047:
1332:
485:
mode of life has sometimes been suggested for cyclidans, but this has been considered unlikely due to their large size and well calcified skeletons.
1586:"A new interpretation of the enigmatic fossil arthropod Anhelkocephalon handlirschi Bill, 1914 – important insights in the morphology of Cyclida"
502:
1794:
1131:
729:, as well as two possible other species, the holotypes of which are now lost, which all known from the Late Carboniferous of North America.
1799:
384:
1487:
Tang, Hung Yung; Mychko, Eduard V.; Feldmann, Rodney M.; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Shaari, Hasrizal; Sone, Masatoshi (December 2021).
1544:"A new family, genus and species of cyclid (Crustacea, Branchiura, Cyclida) from mid-Cretaceous reefal deposits in northern Spain"
1789:
1560:
646:
Mychko & Alekseev, 2018 contains two species from the Lower
Carboniferous of the British Isles and the Earliest Permian of
1399:
1551:
1489:"Malayacyclus gen. nov., the first Southeast Asian Cyclida (Crustacea) from the Early Carboniferous of Terengganu, Malaysia"
1238:
584:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 contains three species from the
Carboniferous of Ireland, North America and Russia
325:
592:
Mychko, Feldmann, Schweitzer & Alekseev, 2019 Contains two species from the lower
Carboniferous of England and Russia
1633:
Mychko, Eduard V.; Alekseev, Alexander S.; Zaytseva, Elena L.; Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Feldmann, Rodney M. (2022-07-29).
398:
753:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 Contains a single species known from the Upper
Carboniferous of North America
845:
Gemmellaro, 1890 is known from 3 species from the
Permian of Sicily and 1 species from the Late Triassic of Slovakia
1784:
317:
878:
Bill, 1914 known from a single species found in the Middle
Triassic of France, originally classified as an isopod.
1389:
372:
336:). The abdomen is short with either one or two segments, which ends with a pair of posterior structures, dubbed "
313:
1437:
614:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 known from two species from the Lower Carboniferous of the British Isles
278:. Their classification is uncertain, but they are generally interpreted as crustaceans, likely belonging to the
146:
31:
1340:
1015:
630:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 known from a single species from the Lower Carboniferous of Tajikistan
1424:
1365:
1280:
992:
934:
808:
556:
1693:
1001:
929:
836:
638:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 known from a single species from the Lower Carboniferous of Japan
312:. Their gill plates are arranged in a horseshoe shape beneath the carapace in at least some species. The
1751:
1184:
410:
332:-like structures, with the posterior appendages being walking legs, which have sharp terminal segments (
360:
of cycloids' respiratory structures with those of other crustaceans, and parallels drawn instead with
1779:
1500:
1289:
920:
874:
279:
1006:
863:
Mychko & Alekseev, 2018 comprises one species from the earliest Permian of Bashkortostan, Russia
882:
733:
626:
859:
757:
741:
634:
610:
588:
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1615:
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1211:
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906:
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357:
224:
141:
1176:
745:
Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020 Contains three species from the Carboniferous of Britain
618:
580:
1756:
1635:"New finding of Cyclida (Crustacea) from Mississippian and not‑cyclidan from Permian of Russia"
1738:
1654:
1607:
1516:
1203:
1127:
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1743:
749:
1730:
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1297:
1247:
1193:
1119:
1059:
1011:
943:
437:
832:
737:
Feldmann, Schweitzer & Hu, 2017 single species known from the Middle Triassic of China
696:
676:
555:
Schram, Vonk & Hof, 1997 is known from a single species found in Upper Carboniferous (
506:
256:
1123:
501:). They are one of only three groups of "generally Palaeozoic" arthropods to survive the
1504:
1393:
1293:
1111:
510:
469:
282:
188:
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886:
Mychko et al. 2022, comprises a single species from the Lower Carboniferous of Russia.
1773:
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1619:
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Barry W. M. van Bakel; John W. M. Jagt; René H. B. Fraaije & Pedro Artal (2011).
1528:
1361:
1317:
1079:
1023:
804:
773:
van Bakel, Jagt, Fraaije & Artal, 2011 known from a single species found in late
680:
599:
542:
498:
494:
329:
321:
267:
77:
1215:
602:
deposits of Europe, Asia and North America, now defined to only include the species
293:
120:
829:
465:
441:
429:
1278:
Frederick R. Schram; Ronald Vonk; Cees H. J. Hof (1997). "Mazon Creek Cycloidea".
900:
546:
383:, with the text "ribs radiating, with acute puncta; abdomen mucronate". In 1838,
1650:
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726:
703:
568:
445:
361:
337:
52:
1716:
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1301:
896:
782:
778:
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Tang et al. 2021 Contains one species from the Lower Carboniferous of Malaysia
482:
457:
453:
449:
422:
353:
275:
97:
62:
17:
1658:
1611:
1520:
1473:
1071:
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Schweitzer, Carrie E.; Mychko, Eduard V.; Feldmann, Rodney M. (2020-06-22).
414:
405:, away from the trilobites, although he later described a second species of
380:
349:
263:
178:
158:
102:
1207:
822:
Glaessner, 1969 comprises 5 species known from the Upper Triassic of Europe
1252:
1233:
1048:"Revision of Cyclida (Pancrustacea, Multicrustacea), with five new genera"
667:
Glaessner, 1969 contains a single species found in limestone rocks in the
1710:
1602:
1585:
690:
564:
461:
333:
309:
271:
92:
87:
72:
67:
57:
661:
von Meyer, 1844 contains six species from the Middle Triassic of Europe.
348:
There is considerable debate about the placement of cycloids within the
1445:
1333:"Cycloids of the Mississippian Bear Gulch limestone of central Montana"
1309:
1198:
955:
790:
786:
672:
433:
389:
107:
82:
1177:"Gill structure and relationships of the Triassic cycloid crustaceans"
1118:(1 ed.), Oxford University Press New York, pp. 229–C18.P63,
1353:
852:
803:
Fraaije, Schram & Vonk, 2003 comprises a single species found in
774:
260:
168:
1687:
1512:
413:
of a trilobite. Cycloids were later considered to be members of the
947:
794:
560:
292:
30:"Cycloidea" redirects here. For the CYCLOIDEA gene in plants, see
668:
418:
305:
1691:
1682:
985:
n. gen. and sp., the first cycloid arthropod from the Jurassic"
851:
Gemmellaro, 1890 is known from one species from the Permian of
689:
Schweigert, 2007 comprises a single species found in the Early
1418:
René H. B. Fraaije; Frederick R. Schram; Ronald Vonk (2003). "
932:(1885). "The Syncarida, a group of Carboniferous Crustacea".
1639:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
1331:
Frederick R. Schram; Arjan C. Boere; Natalie Thomas (2006).
1052:
Neues Jahrbuch für Geologie und Paläontologie - Abhandlungen
367:
The first description of a cycloid was in the 1836 treatise
1438:
10.1666/0022-3360(2003)077<0386:MRNGAS>2.0.CO;2
1016:
10.1666/0022-3360(2007)81[213:JPNGAS]2.0.CO;2
598:
de Koninck, 1841 formerly contained 17 species found in
493:
Cycloids are known from deposits ranging from the Early
397:, recognising that it was something different. In 1841,
452:
placed them as an order within the maxillopod suborder
432:, Neil D. L. Clark proposed in 1989 that cycloids were
1422:
new genus and species, the first Cretaceous cycloid".
1110:
Schram, Frederick R.; Koenemann, Stefan (2022-03-31),
468:, and likely represented an independent branch of the
387:
described a species of trilobite, albeit in the genus
1398:. Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire. London:
1700:
356:of some kind, doubts have been expressed about the
1234:"Exopodites, epipodites and gills in crustaceans"
828:Schauroth, 1854 known from one species found in
1584:Schädel, Mario; Haug, Joachim T. (2020-05-29).
521:After Schweitzer, Mychko & Feldmann, 2020.
1273:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1263:
655:Family Halicynidae Gall & Grauvogel, 1967
541:Dzik, 2008 contains a single species found in
401:transferred Phillips' species to a new genus,
456:, which previously contained only the modern
8:
974:
972:
694:
352:. While they are generally considered to be
807:(late Cretaceous) rocks from that period's
393:, and later transferred it to a new genus,
304:Cyclidans have a "striking" resemblance to
1688:
1227:
1225:
440:and his co-authors classified them as the
119:
38:
1601:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1251:
1197:
1005:
505:, the others being the freshwater-living
369:Illustrations of the Geology of Yorkshire
1395:Part 2. The Mountain Limestone District
1232:Geoff A. Boxshall; DamiĂ Jaume (2009).
1170:
1168:
1116:Evolution and Phylogeny of Pancrustacea
968:
1552:Bulletin of the Mizunami Fossil Museum
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1148:
606:from the lower Carboniferous of Europe
1239:Arthropod Systematics & Phylogeny
816:Family Hemitrochiscidae Trauth, 1918
7:
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1041:
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497:to the very end of the Cretaceous (
328:and maxillipeds) are modified into
320:were fused into a single unit, the
1124:10.1093/oso/9780195365764.003.0018
409:which was later recognised as the
48:Early Carboniferous–Early Jurassic
25:
503:Permian–Triassic extinction event
913:
899:
145:
525:Family Schraminidae Dzik, 2008
711:Family Americlidae Dzik, 2008
576:Family Cyclidae Packard, 1885
1:
1462:Journal of Crustacean Biology
725:), a well known species from
675:(Germany) and is probably of
113:(possible Cretaceous records)
1795:Prehistoric arthropod orders
811:in the southern Netherlands.
399:Laurent-Guillaume de Koninck
375:, where Phillips described "
251:, and so sometimes known as
206:Schram, Vonk & Hof, 1997
27:Extinct order of crustaceans
1420:Maastrichtiocaris rostratus
1816:
979:GĂĽnter Schweigert (2007).
29:
1800:Maastrichtian extinctions
1302:10.1017/S0022336000039172
230:
223:
216:
211:
142:Scientific classification
140:
127:
118:
41:
1341:Contributions in Science
444:to copepods, within the
377:Agnostus ? radialis
1790:Prehistoric crustaceans
1651:10.1127/njgpa/2022/1077
1559:: 47–49. Archived from
1425:Journal of Paleontology
1281:Journal of Paleontology
1064:10.1127/njgpa/2020/0905
993:Journal of Paleontology
935:The American Naturalist
1474:10.1093/jcbiol/ruaa001
930:Alpheus Spring Packard
695:
301:
1752:Paleobiology Database
1683:«Database of Cyclida»
1253:10.3897/asp.67.e31699
1185:Journal of Morphology
983:Juracyclus posidoniae
489:Taxa and stratigraphy
296:
1603:10.18476/pale.v13.a7
921:Palaeontology portal
717:Dzik, 2008 contains
299:Brittaniclus rankini
297:Life restoration of
266:that lived from the
130:Brittaniclus rankini
1505:2021GeolJ..56.6022T
1294:1997JPal...71..261S
1175:Jerzy Dzik (2008).
837:WĂĽnschendorf/Elster
706:, southern Germany.
517:Families and genera
1493:Geological Journal
1199:10.1002/jmor.10663
907:Crustaceans portal
697:Posidonienschiefer
428:In an unpublished
302:
136:) in ventral view
1785:Crustacean orders
1767:
1766:
1739:Open Tree of Life
1694:Taxon identifiers
1499:(12): 6022–6030.
1192:(12): 1501–1519.
1133:978-0-19-536576-4
723:Cyclus americanus
385:Hermann von Meyer
242:
241:
236:
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134:Americlus rankini
16:(Redirected from
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893:Further reading
875:Anhelkocephalon
820:Cyclocarcinides
604:Cyclus radialis
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507:Euthycarcinoida
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883:Magnitocyclus
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734:Yunnanocyclus
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720:
719:A. americanus
716:
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681:Late Triassic
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1645:(1): 75–85.
1642:
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1568:. Retrieved
1561:the original
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1373:. Retrieved
1366:the original
1345:
1339:
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1137:, retrieved
1115:
1055:
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933:
881:
873:
868:
860:Skuinocyclus
858:
849:Paraprosopon
848:
843:Oonocarcinus
842:
830:Late Permian
825:
819:
800:
771:Alsasuacaris
770:
758:Malayacyclus
756:
748:
742:Brittaniclus
740:
732:
722:
718:
714:
693:
686:
664:
658:
641:
635:Tazawacyclus
633:
625:
617:
611:Carabicyclus
609:
603:
595:
589:Prolatcyclus
587:
579:
567:, including
552:
538:
532:
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520:
492:
479:
466:Malacostraca
442:sister group
430:dissertation
427:
423:branchiurans
406:
402:
394:
388:
379:" among the
376:
368:
366:
362:chelicerates
347:
303:
298:
252:
248:
244:
243:
217:
201:
185:Superclass:
133:
129:
36:
1780:Maxillopoda
1400:John Murray
727:Mazon Creek
648:Chelyabinsk
643:Uralocyclus
569:Mazon Creek
448:. In 2008,
446:Maxillopoda
436:. In 1997,
354:crustaceans
338:caudal rami
289:Description
128:Diagram of
1774:Categories
1570:2011-03-24
1375:2011-03-24
1139:2023-01-22
964:References
839:(Germany).
783:Cretaceous
779:Cenomanian
721:(formerly
687:Juracyclus
671:valley of
619:Litocyclus
581:Ambocyclus
549:in Poland.
454:Branchiura
450:Jerzy Dzik
419:true crabs
381:trilobites
350:Arthropoda
344:Affinities
280:superclass
276:Cretaceous
264:arthropods
247:(formerly
233:Cycloidea
179:Arthropoda
132:(formerly
1667:250706723
1659:0077-7749
1620:219476736
1612:1867-6294
1596:(1): 69.
1529:233522378
1521:0072-1050
1362:160017485
1318:140725375
1112:"Cyclida"
1080:225865064
1072:0077-7749
1024:131620349
1002:CiteSeerX
777:to early
715:Americlus
553:Apionicon
547:KrasiejĂłw
545:rocks at
529:Schramine
483:parasitic
458:fish lice
415:Xiphosura
411:hypostome
249:Cycloidea
218:See text
165:Kingdom:
159:Eukaryota
1717:Q5198245
1711:Wikidata
1392:(1836).
1216:17617567
1208:18690662
855:(Italy).
833:dolomite
704:TĂĽbingen
691:Jurassic
659:Halicyne
650:, Russia
565:Illinois
539:Opolanka
533:Halicyne
462:Copepoda
434:copepods
395:Halicyne
358:homology
326:maxillae
310:carapace
272:Jurassic
253:cycloids
225:Synonyms
175:Phylum:
169:Animalia
155:Domain:
1744:5320706
1702:Cyclida
1501:Bibcode
1446:4094744
1348:: 1–8.
1310:1306460
1290:Bibcode
956:2450109
791:Navarre
787:Alsasua
750:Dziklus
673:Bavaria
476:Ecology
390:Limulus
334:dactyli
270:to the
245:Cyclida
212:Genera
202:Cyclida
195:Order:
42:Cyclida
32:Peloria
1665:
1657:
1618:
1610:
1527:
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1360:
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1070:
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1004:
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853:Sicily
775:Albian
596:Cyclus
561:shales
421:, and
407:Cyclus
403:Cyclus
330:chelae
318:thorax
261:fossil
1757:19048
1731:10297
1726:IRMNG
1663:S2CID
1616:S2CID
1564:(PDF)
1547:(PDF)
1525:S2CID
1442:JSTOR
1369:(PDF)
1358:S2CID
1336:(PDF)
1314:S2CID
1306:JSTOR
1212:S2CID
1180:(PDF)
1076:S2CID
1020:S2CID
988:(PDF)
952:JSTOR
835:near
795:Spain
702:near
306:crabs
257:order
1655:ISSN
1608:ISSN
1517:ISSN
1204:PMID
1128:ISBN
1068:ISSN
683:age.
669:Isar
464:and
316:and
314:head
53:Preęž’
1647:doi
1643:305
1598:doi
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677:Mid
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371:by
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