247:
233:
411:
400:
133:
523:
540:
36:
383:. Presently, most of the engine blocks in mass production are gray castings. Reducing weight has resulted in using aluminum-silicon alloys more frequently for the engine block in small-displacement engines. Engine blocks of comparable design, but using Al-Si alloys, are not lighter than cast iron engine blocks in the same ratio as that for the specific weights of the materials.
261:
390:
Using vermicular graphite cast iron (GGV), a casting material with great strength, enables weight reductions by about 30% compared to conventional casting materials such as GG 25. Weight reduction, to this extent, requires engineering for the engine block, taking into account the particular needs of
281:
and coolant passages. In the earliest decades of internal combustion engine development, cylinders were usually cast individually, so cylinder blocks were usually produced separately for each cylinder. Following that, engines began to combine two or three cylinders into a single-cylinder block, with
386:
In engine blocks made of gray cast iron, weight can be reduced by optimizing the structure and thin-wall casting. With this casting technique, a wall thickness of as little as about 3 mm is generally possible. In comparison, the walls of cast iron engine blocks are usually from 4.0 to 5.5 mm thick.
309:
cylinder blocks use cylinder walls that are entirely removable and fit into the block using special gaskets. They are called "wet liners" because their outer sides come in direct contact with the engine's coolant. In other words, the liner is the entire cylinder wall, rather than merely a sleeve.
488:
Most engine blocks today, except some unusual V or radial engines and large marine engines, use a monobloc design with one block for all cylinders plus an integrated crankcase. In such cases, the skirts of the cylinder banks form a crankcase area of sorts, which is still often called a crankcase
556:
use a monobloc design where the cylinder head, block, and half of the crankcase share the same casting. Apart from cost, one reason for this is to produce an overall lower engine height. The primary disadvantage can be that repairs become more time-consuming and impractical.
440:
As casting techniques improved, an entire cylinder block of 4, 6, or 8 cylinders could be produced in one piece. This monobloc construction was more straightforward and more cost-effective to produce. All the cylinders and crankcase could be made in a single component for
195:. The first production engines of the 1880s to 1920s usually used separate components for each element, which were bolted together during engine assembly. Modern engines, however, often combine many elements into a single component to reduce production costs.
473: – introduced in 1932 – represented a significant development in the production of affordable V engines. It was the first V8 engine with a single-engine block casting, putting a V8 into an affordable car for the first time.
460:
retained a separate block casting for each cylinder bank, with both bolted onto a common crankcase (itself a separate casting). For economy, some engines were designed to use identical castings for each bank, left and right. A rare exception was the
319:
cylinder blocks use either the block's material or a discrete liner inserted into the block to form the backbone of the cylinder wall. Additional sleeves are inserted within, which remain "dry" outside, surrounded by the block's material.
297:
engines – each bank was typically made of one or multiple separate cylinder blocks. Since the 1930s, mass production methods have developed to allow both banks of cylinders to be integrated into the same cylinder block.
323:
For either wet or dry liner designs, the liners (or sleeves) can be replaced, potentially allowing an engine overhaul or rebuild without replacing the block itself. However, there are more practical repair options.
174:
The term "cylinder block" is often used interchangeably with "engine block". However, technically, the block of a modern engine (i.e., multiple cylinders integrated with another component) would be classified as a
426:. Most modern engines use a monobloc design, and few have a separate block for each cylinder. This has led to the term "engine block," which usually implies a monobloc design, with "monobloc" rarely used.
313:
The advantages of wet liners are a lower mass, reduced space requirements, and coolant being heated faster from a cold start, reducing start-up fuel consumption and heating the car cabin sooner.
437:(for water jackets etc). Most early engines, particularly those with more than four cylinders, had their cylinders cast as pairs or triplets of cylinders, then bolted to a separate crankcase.
198:
The evolution from separate components to monobloc engine blocks has gradually progressed since the early 20th century. The integration of elements has relied on the development of
897:
163:
was attached. Modern engine blocks typically have the crankcase integrated with the cylinder block as a single component. Engine blocks often also include elements such as
246:
143:. The large holes are the cylinders, the small round orifices are mounting holes, and the small oval orifices adjacent to the cylinders are coolant or oil ducts.
410:
232:
497:
373:. Aluminium blocks are much lighter and transfer heat more effectively to coolant, but iron blocks retain some advantages, such as durability and reduced
890:
476:
The communal water jacket of monobloc designs permitted closer spacing between cylinders. The monobloc design approach also improved engines'
399:
1564:
1465:
337:
883:
1404:
333:
164:
742:
717:
119:
159:
and other components. The engine block in an early automotive engine consisted of just the cylinder block, to which a separate
1082:
206:
techniques. For example, a practical, low-cost V8 engine was not feasible until Ford developed the methods used to build its
57:
100:
1379:
828:
644:
639:
53:
606:
designs integrate the cylinder block, crankcase, transmission, and rear axle into a single unit. An early example is the
72:
963:
1554:
79:
1559:
906:
148:
46:
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1326:
1234:
759:
1510:
1351:
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577:
86:
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470:
406:
engine, circa 1905. The cylinder heads are integrated into the engine block, but the crankcase is separate.
207:
1107:
68:
1224:
1065:
784:
561:
599:
use a similar layout, with the cylinder block and crankcase integrated with part of the transmission.
445:
cylinder layouts. One of the early engines produced using this method is the 4-cylinder engine in the
1219:
991:
434:
854:
500:, instead of cylinder sleeves, to further reduce weight. These types of engines can also be made of
1369:
1267:
997:
589:
585:
450:
222:
266:
Cylinders cast in a single block of six, with an integrated crankcase (turbocharger in background)
1290:
1087:
634:
132:
1092:
1032:
983:
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713:
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374:
278:
274:
188:
156:
1384:
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1300:
1249:
1214:
1135:
1122:
496:
shells minimizes the effect of the relative softness of aluminium. Some engine designs use
1495:
1206:
1055:
1012:
442:
423:
415:
370:
294:
176:
93:
418:
with integrated crankcase. The cylinder head is tipped upwards for illustrative purposes.
803:
592:
engines. This design often results in the engine and transmission sharing the same oil.
357:. As with cylinder blocks, this is primarily an integrated component in modern engines.
1361:
1331:
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522:
403:
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553:
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493:
446:
691:. The Book of Modern Engines and Power Generators. London: Caxton. pp. 78–89.
1528:
1412:
1229:
1181:
1140:
1097:
1027:
629:
596:
564:-series and GXV-series engines, which are sometimes called "Uniblock" by Honda.
35:
1500:
1460:
1439:
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354:
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1455:
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978:
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619:
477:
366:
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316:
306:
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286:
203:
168:
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137:
580:
and crankcase. Cars that have used this arrangement include the 1966-1973
1478:
1474:
1346:
1077:
1002:
968:
829:"H and K-Series prototypes: BL's first attempt at replacing the A-Series"
457:
1505:
1389:
607:
603:
430:
285:
In early engines with multiple cylinder banks – such as
260:
199:
210:. Other manufacturers then applied those techniques to their engines.
1316:
1295:
1072:
1022:
528:
469:
of 1919, which used a single block casting combining both banks. The
462:
663:
560:
An example of engines with integrated cylinder heads are the Honda
422:
An engine where all the cylinders share a common block is called a
480:
as cylinder numbers, engine lengths, and power ratings increased.
409:
398:
131:
788:
1470:
879:
917:
29:
785:"Honda General Purpose Engines: GC Series - Single Cylinder"
187:
The main structure of an engine typically consists of the
433:
technology couldn't produce large castings with complex
576:
have used an engine block consisting of an integrated
429:
In the early years of the internal combustion engine,
282:
an engine combining several of these cylinder blocks.
760:"Navistar Now Producing Engine Blocks, Heads in CGI"
733:
Sorensen, Charles E.; Williamson, Samuel T. (1956).
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1448:
1403:
1360:
1309:
1276:
1258:
1205:
1159:
1121:
1041:
926:
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
273:A cylinder block is a structure that contains the
191:, coolant passages, oil galleries, crankcase, and
238:Marine engine with cylinders cast in three pairs
855:"Tiny and Triumphant: The Morris / Austin Mini"
353:The crankcase is the structure that houses the
449:, introduced in 1908. The technique spread to
891:
365:Engine blocks are typically cast from either
8:
498:plasma transferred wire arc thermal spraying
381:Weight reductions through material selection
700:
698:
640:Automobile engine replacement § Short block
898:
884:
876:
645:Automobile engine replacement § Long block
545:Honda GX 160 engine in a ride-on lawnmower
489:despite no longer being a discrete part.
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
964:Crankcase ventilation system (PCV valve)
453:and was commonly used by the mid-1920s.
655:
484:Integrated cylinder block and crankcase
737:. New York: Norton. pp. 225–231.
568:Integrated crankcase and transmission
338:Oil pump (internal combustion engine)
252:Cylinders cast in two blocks of three
27:Part of an internal combustion engine
7:
58:adding citations to reliable sources
764:Foundry Management & Technology
758:Brooks, Robert (January 25, 2012).
155:is the structure that contains the
689:The De Dion-Bouton Engine and Cars
508:Integrated cylinder block and head
504:, such as in some diesel engines.
334:Internal combustion engine cooling
25:
538:
521:
515:Integrated cylinder head engines
492:Using steel cylinder liners and
259:
245:
231:
34:
1066:Overhead valve (pushrod) layout
45:needs additional citations for
664:"Minimizing Engine Block Mass"
1:
804:"Lamborghini Miura SV (1971)"
1565:Piston engine configurations
793:Includes sectioned drawings
552:Some modern consumer-grade
1581:
907:Internal combustion engine
346:
331:
149:internal combustion engine
1524:
1375:Diesel particulate filter
1327:Idle air control actuator
1268:Engine control unit (ECU)
913:
456:Up until the 1930s, most
1440:Viscous fan (fan clutch)
1352:Throttle position sensor
1061:Overhead camshaft layout
735:My Forty Years with Ford
687:Kennedy, Rankin (1912).
595:Motorcycles such as the
328:Coolant and oil passages
979:Core plug (freeze plug)
584:and cars using the BMC
502:compacted graphite iron
859:www.ateupwithmotor.com
419:
407:
221:Cylinder blocks for a
144:
712:. Haynes Publishing.
413:
402:
135:
1220:Compression ignition
451:straight-six engines
54:improve this article
1370:Catalytic converter
531:V12 aircraft engine
1555:Automobile engines
1496:Knocking / pinging
1088:Combustion chamber
833:www.aronline.co.uk
808:www.netcarshow.com
635:List of auto parts
574:transverse engines
572:Several cars with
478:torsional rigidity
465:22½° narrow-angle
420:
414:Typical 1930-1960
408:
208:flathead V8 engine
145:
136:Block of a modern
1560:Engine technology
1542:
1541:
1511:Stratified charge
1278:Electrical system
1260:Engine management
1093:Compression ratio
1033:Starter ring gear
932:rotating assembly
582:Lamborghini Miura
375:thermal expansion
130:
129:
122:
104:
16:(Redirected from
1572:
1385:Exhaust manifold
1250:Spark plug wires
1136:Boost controller
1123:Forced induction
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787:. Archived from
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730:
724:
723:
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684:
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542:
525:
471:Ford flathead V8
279:cylinder sleeves
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235:
193:cylinder head(s)
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118:
114:
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62:
38:
30:
21:
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1516:Top dead centre
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1444:
1399:
1356:
1305:
1279:
1272:
1261:
1254:
1201:
1155:
1117:
1073:Tappet / lifter
1056:Flathead layout
1046:
1037:
931:
922:
909:
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838:
836:
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706:Ludvigsen, Karl
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570:
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534:
533:
532:
526:
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516:
510:
486:
443:straight engine
424:monobloc engine
416:flathead engine
397:
371:aluminium alloy
363:
351:
345:
340:
330:
304:
302:Cylinder liners
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1405:Cooling system
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1362:Exhaust system
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1332:Inlet manifold
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1187:Fuel injection
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954:Connecting rod
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835:. 22 July 2017
820:
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791:on 2010-11-27.
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710:The V12 Engine
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435:internal cores
404:De Dion-Bouton
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391:the material.
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347:Main article:
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214:Cylinder block
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69:"Engine block"
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33:
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18:Cylinder block
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1418:Water cooling
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1395:Oxygen sensor
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1310:Intake system
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1301:Starter motor
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1240:Ignition coil
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1188:
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1172:Petrol engine
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1167:Diesel engine
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1162:
1158:
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1131:Blowoff valve
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1048:Cylinder head
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939:Balance shaft
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625:Cylinder head
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554:small engines
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167:passages and
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141:diesel engine
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71: –
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65:Find sources:
59:
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43:This article
41:
37:
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1425:Electric fan
1225:Coil-on-plug
1151:Turbocharger
1146:Supercharger
1018:Main bearing
1008:Firing order
998:Displacement
944:Block heater
928:Engine block
927:
916:Part of the
915:
863:. Retrieved
861:. 1 May 2010
858:
849:
837:. Retrieved
832:
823:
811:. Retrieved
807:
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789:the original
779:
767:. Retrieved
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671:. Retrieved
667:
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578:transmission
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447:Ford Model T
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183:Construction
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153:engine block
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52:Please help
47:verification
44:
1449:Lubrication
1413:Air cooling
1230:Distributor
1182:Fuel filter
1160:Fuel system
1141:Intercooler
1108:Timing belt
1098:Head gasket
1028:Piston ring
865:12 December
839:12 December
813:12 December
668:studedu.org
630:Head gasket
597:Honda CB750
277:, plus any
171:galleries.
1549:Categories
1501:Power band
1461:Oil filter
1435:Thermostat
1380:EGT sensor
1342:MAF sensor
1337:MAP sensor
1322:Air filter
1286:Alternator
1245:Spark plug
1177:Carburetor
1103:Rocker arm
1043:Valvetrain
974:Crankshaft
918:Automobile
673:2024-05-14
651:References
602:Many farm
355:crankshaft
332:See also:
223:straight-6
110:March 2022
80:newspapers
1235:Glow plug
1197:Fuel tank
1192:Fuel pump
959:Crankcase
620:Core plug
610:tractor.
458:V engines
395:Monoblocs
367:cast iron
361:Materials
349:Crankcase
343:Crankcase
317:Dry liner
307:Wet liner
204:machining
189:cylinders
161:crankcase
157:cylinders
1534:Category
1479:Dry sump
1475:Wet sump
1466:Oil pump
1430:Radiator
1347:Throttle
1207:Ignition
1078:Camshaft
1003:Flywheel
984:Cylinder
969:Crankpin
708:(2005).
614:See also
590:E-series
586:A-series
275:cylinder
177:monobloc
1506:Redline
1390:Muffler
1291:Battery
1215:Magneto
608:Fordson
604:tractor
494:bearing
431:casting
200:foundry
165:coolant
94:scholar
1529:Portal
1317:Airbox
1296:Dynamo
1023:Piston
1013:Stroke
992:layout
920:series
769:May 2,
741:
716:
529:DB 605
463:Lancia
369:or an
295:flat-6
225:engine
151:, the
147:In an
96:
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82:
75:
67:
1489:Other
1113:Valve
1083:Chest
293:, or
101:JSTOR
87:books
1471:Sump
988:bank
949:Bore
867:2018
841:2018
815:2018
771:2017
739:ISBN
714:ISBN
588:and
336:and
202:and
73:news
1456:Oil
1045:and
930:and
467:V12
169:oil
56:by
1551::
1477:,
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857:.
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666:.
562:GC
377:.
291:V8
289:,
287:V6
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