Knowledge (XXG)

Cymothoe (butterfly)

Source 📝

51: 33: 78: 254:
These are medium-large to large-size (wingspan 40-70 millimetres) often quite colourful butterflies. Species in this genus exhibit a number of different colours and patterns. Among the most remarkable are a number of species where the upperside is solid coloured bright red or orange. Another group is
1414: 377:
studies continue, lineages distinct enough to warrant some formal degree of recognition become evident and new groupings are suggested, but consistent ranking remains a problem.
1303: 305:(Violaceae). The adults spend most of their time in the canopy but also seek out sunlit spots between the trees and feed on decaying vegetation on the forest floor. 1487: 1271: 1448: 1543: 1474: 1331: 50: 1309: 323:, for example, are so variable that authorities have described 20 different forms of the species based on their differences. 239: 1528: 357:
Defining species groups is a convenient way of subdividing well-defined genera with a large number of recognized species.
1538: 1399: 1219: 1492: 77: 1533: 1342: 374: 1479: 1404: 1179: 1044: 855: 1435: 1294: 945: 875: 845: 835: 731: 597: 1324: 1129: 1034: 1014: 925: 915: 865: 587: 557: 429: 235: 175: 72: 32: 1500: 1422: 1199: 1169: 1149: 1094: 1054: 965: 955: 935: 905: 895: 780: 770: 701: 637: 627: 607: 577: 547: 512: 493: 468: 419: 400: 314: 243: 1505: 1189: 1159: 1139: 1109: 1064: 995: 985: 885: 800: 741: 721: 711: 647: 567: 522: 478: 458: 41: 1209: 1119: 1074: 1024: 975: 790: 691: 676: 666: 532: 448: 342: 319: 60: 166: 1252: 317:. Individuals can also be variable within a species, especially females. The females of 1380: 1084: 825: 810: 617: 332: 1522: 751: 346: 227: 255:
largely pale yellow; others deep ochreous yellow and chocolate brown or pure white.
1427: 362: 337: 327: 149: 1461: 1374: 223: 139: 129: 1365: 271: 277: 109: 89: 1391: 263:
The larvae feed on various shrubs and trees. Recorded host genera include
1359: 366: 295: 265: 361:
species are so arranged in assemblages called "species groups" but (not
1453: 301: 283: 1466: 370: 289: 119: 99: 1336: 1315: 238:, where species are found mainly in forest habitat. mainly in the 219: 65: 1340: 1440: 230:, the admirals and relatives. They are known commonly as 1257:-complex (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae) from western Africa. 1299:
13: Die Afrikanischen Tagfalter. Plate XIII 34 et seq.
1349: 388:Listed alphabetically within species groups: 8: 1337: 49: 31: 20: 1237: 369:arrangement). These may or may not be 1280:Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms 1247: 1245: 1243: 1241: 7: 1332:Consortium for the Barcode of Life 385:There are about 75 known species. 234:. The genus is distributed in the 14: 1297:Die Gross-Schmetterlinge der Erde 16:Genus of brush-footed butterflies 76: 1310:Royal Museum for Central Africa 1251:Van Velzen, R., et al. (2009). 240:Guinean Forests of West Africa 1: 1253:A new hidden species of the 1220:Cymothoe reginaeelisabethae 1560: 1544:Taxa named by Jacob Hübner 785:Libert & Collins, 1997 313:These butterflies exhibit 1079:Joicey & Talbot, 1928 181: 174: 73:Scientific classification 71: 57: 48: 39: 30: 23: 1105:Unknown species group 821:Unknown species group 687:Unknown species group 543:Unknown species group 489:Unknown species group 375:molecular phylogenetic 1180:Cymothoe meridionalis 1045:Cymothoe euthalioides 856:Cymothoe angulifascia 1529:Cymothoe (butterfly) 1325:Images representing 1316:Images representing 890:(Herrich-Schäffer, ) 1278:at Markku Savela's 1276:Hübner, [1819]" 1154:(Grose-Smith, 1887) 1000:Bethune-Baker, 1926 980:Bethune-Baker, 1926 970:Bethune-Baker, 1926 946:Cymothoe lambertoni 876:Cymothoe aurivillii 846:Cymothoe amaniensis 836:Cymothoe altisidora 746:(Grose-Smith, 1889) 732:Cymothoe consanguis 598:Cymothoe hesiodotus 1539:Nymphalidae genera 1130:Cymothoe distincta 1035:Cymothoe coccinata 1015:Cymothoe anitorgis 926:Cymothoe dujardini 916:Cymothoe cottrelli 866:Cymothoe aubergeri 588:Cymothoe hesiodina 558:Cymothoe fontainei 430:Cymothoe reinholdi 365:, but an informal 236:Afrotropical realm 1516: 1515: 1501:Open Tree of Life 1343:Taxon identifiers 1225: 1215: 1205: 1200:Cymothoe radialis 1195: 1185: 1175: 1170:Cymothoe mabillei 1165: 1155: 1150:Cymothoe haimodia 1145: 1135: 1125: 1115: 1100: 1095:Cymothoe sangaris 1090: 1080: 1070: 1060: 1055:Cymothoe harmilla 1050: 1040: 1030: 1020: 1001: 991: 981: 971: 966:Cymothoe melanjae 961: 956:Cymothoe magambae 951: 941: 936:Cymothoe indamora 931: 921: 911: 906:Cymothoe collinsi 901: 896:Cymothoe collarti 891: 881: 871: 861: 860:Aurivillius, 1897 851: 841: 831: 816: 815:van Someren, 1939 806: 796: 786: 781:Cymothoe alticola 776: 771:Cymothoe alcimeda 757: 756:Aurivillius, 1896 747: 737: 736:Aurivillius, 1896 727: 726:Aurivillius, 1897 717: 707: 702:Cymothoe amenides 697: 682: 672: 653: 643: 638:Cymothoe sassiana 633: 632:Grose-Smith, 1890 628:Cymothoe ochreata 623: 613: 608:Cymothoe howarthi 603: 593: 583: 582:Grose-Smith, 1887 578:Cymothoe herminia 573: 563: 553: 548:Cymothoe cyclades 538: 528: 518: 517:Aurivillius, 1898 513:Cymothoe colmanti 499: 494:Cymothoe orphnina 484: 474: 469:Cymothoe megaesta 464: 454: 435: 425: 420:Cymothoe hyarbita 406: 401:Cymothoe oemilius 315:sexual dimorphism 299:(Salicaceae) and 244:Congolian forests 226:in the subfamily 211: 210: 205: 197: 189: 170: 1551: 1509: 1508: 1496: 1495: 1483: 1482: 1470: 1469: 1457: 1456: 1444: 1443: 1431: 1430: 1418: 1417: 1408: 1407: 1395: 1394: 1385: 1384: 1383: 1370: 1369: 1368: 1338: 1282: 1269: 1263: 1249: 1223: 1214:Neustetter, 1912 1213: 1203: 1194:Staudinger, 1889 1193: 1190:Cymothoe preussi 1183: 1173: 1163: 1160:Cymothoe hartigi 1153: 1144:Neustetter, 1912 1143: 1140:Cymothoe excelsa 1133: 1123: 1113: 1110:Cymothoe arcuata 1098: 1088: 1078: 1068: 1065:Cymothoe hobarti 1059:(Hewitson, 1874) 1058: 1048: 1039:(Hewitson, 1874) 1038: 1029:(Hewitson, 1865) 1028: 1019:(Hewitson, 1874) 1018: 999: 996:Cymothoe zombana 990:Richelmann, 1913 989: 986:Cymothoe zenkeri 979: 969: 959: 949: 939: 929: 919: 909: 899: 889: 886:Cymothoe beckeri 880:Staudinger, 1899 879: 869: 859: 849: 840:(Hewitson, 1869) 839: 830:Staudinger, 1889 829: 814: 805:(Westwood, 1850) 804: 801:Cymothoe jodutta 794: 784: 774: 755: 745: 742:Cymothoe coranus 735: 725: 722:Cymothoe caprina 715: 712:Cymothoe capella 706:(Hewitson, 1874) 705: 695: 680: 671:(Westwood, 1850) 670: 651: 648:Cymothoe weymeri 642:Schouteden, 1912 641: 631: 621: 611: 602:Staudinger, 1889 601: 591: 581: 572:(Hewitson, 1874) 571: 568:Cymothoe heliada 561: 551: 536: 527:(Hewitson, 1866) 526: 523:Cymothoe hypatha 516: 497: 482: 479:Cymothoe owassae 473:Staudinger, 1889 472: 462: 459:Cymothoe lucasii 452: 433: 423: 404: 340:of the genus is 293:(Hypericaceae), 287:(Bignoniaceae), 203: 195: 187: 165: 81: 80: 53: 35: 21: 1559: 1558: 1554: 1553: 1552: 1550: 1549: 1548: 1519: 1518: 1517: 1512: 1504: 1499: 1491: 1486: 1478: 1473: 1465: 1460: 1452: 1447: 1439: 1434: 1426: 1421: 1413: 1411: 1403: 1398: 1390: 1388: 1379: 1378: 1373: 1364: 1363: 1358: 1345: 1291: 1286: 1285: 1270: 1266: 1255:Cymothoe caenis 1250: 1239: 1234: 1210:Cymothoe rebeli 1164:Belcastro, 1990 1120:Cymothoe crocea 1075:Cymothoe magnus 1025:Cymothoe aramis 976:Cymothoe vumbui 791:Cymothoe caenis 692:Cymothoe althea 677:Cymothoe haynae 667:Cymothoe fumana 533:Cymothoe lurida 449:Cymothoe egesta 383: 355: 311: 275:(Achariaceae), 261: 252: 164: 75: 64: 17: 12: 11: 5: 1557: 1555: 1547: 1546: 1541: 1536: 1531: 1521: 1520: 1514: 1513: 1511: 1510: 1497: 1484: 1471: 1458: 1445: 1432: 1419: 1409: 1396: 1386: 1371: 1355: 1353: 1347: 1346: 1341: 1335: 1334: 1322: 1313: 1301: 1290: 1289:External links 1287: 1284: 1283: 1264: 1236: 1235: 1233: 1230: 1229: 1228: 1227: 1226: 1216: 1206: 1196: 1186: 1184:Overlaet, 1944 1176: 1174:Overlaet, 1944 1166: 1156: 1146: 1136: 1134:Overlaet, 1944 1126: 1124:Schultze, 1917 1116: 1114:Overlaet, 1945 1103: 1102: 1101: 1099:(Godart, 1824) 1091: 1085:Cymothoe ogova 1081: 1071: 1061: 1051: 1041: 1031: 1021: 1010:species group 1004: 1003: 1002: 992: 982: 972: 962: 952: 950:Oberthür, 1923 942: 940:Hewitson, 1866 932: 922: 912: 902: 900:Overlaet, 1942 892: 882: 872: 870:Plantrou, 1977 862: 852: 842: 832: 826:Cymothoe adela 819: 818: 817: 811:Cymothoe teita 807: 797: 787: 777: 766:species group 760: 759: 758: 748: 738: 728: 718: 708: 698: 685: 684: 683: 673: 662:species group 656: 655: 654: 644: 634: 624: 618:Cymothoe isiro 614: 604: 594: 592:Schultze, 1908 584: 574: 564: 562:Overlaet, 1952 554: 541: 540: 539: 537:(Butler, 1871) 529: 519: 508:species group 502: 501: 500: 487: 486: 485: 483:Schultze, 1916 475: 465: 463:(Doumet, 1859) 455: 453:(Cramer, 1775) 444:species group 438: 437: 436: 426: 415:species group 409: 408: 407: 405:(Doumet, 1859) 396:species group 382: 379: 354: 353:Species groups 351: 343:Papilio althea 310: 307: 260: 257: 251: 248: 209: 208: 207: 206: 198: 190: 179: 178: 172: 171: 157: 153: 152: 147: 143: 142: 137: 133: 132: 127: 123: 122: 117: 113: 112: 107: 103: 102: 97: 93: 92: 87: 83: 82: 69: 68: 55: 54: 46: 45: 37: 36: 28: 27: 15: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 1556: 1545: 1542: 1540: 1537: 1535: 1534:Limenitidinae 1532: 1530: 1527: 1526: 1524: 1507: 1502: 1498: 1494: 1489: 1485: 1481: 1476: 1472: 1468: 1463: 1459: 1455: 1450: 1446: 1442: 1437: 1433: 1429: 1424: 1420: 1416: 1410: 1406: 1401: 1397: 1393: 1387: 1382: 1376: 1372: 1367: 1361: 1357: 1356: 1354: 1352: 1348: 1344: 1339: 1333: 1329: 1328: 1323: 1321: 1319: 1314: 1311: 1308: 1306: 1302: 1300: 1298: 1293: 1292: 1288: 1281: 1277: 1275: 1268: 1265: 1261: 1258: 1256: 1248: 1246: 1244: 1242: 1238: 1231: 1224:Holland, 1920 1222: 1221: 1217: 1212: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1201: 1197: 1192: 1191: 1187: 1182: 1181: 1177: 1172: 1171: 1167: 1162: 1161: 1157: 1152: 1151: 1147: 1142: 1141: 1137: 1132: 1131: 1127: 1122: 1121: 1117: 1112: 1111: 1107: 1106: 1104: 1097: 1096: 1092: 1089:(Plötz, 1880) 1087: 1086: 1082: 1077: 1076: 1072: 1067: 1066: 1062: 1057: 1056: 1052: 1047: 1046: 1042: 1037: 1036: 1032: 1027: 1026: 1022: 1017: 1016: 1012: 1011: 1009: 1005: 998: 997: 993: 988: 987: 983: 978: 977: 973: 968: 967: 963: 958: 957: 953: 948: 947: 943: 938: 937: 933: 928: 927: 923: 918: 917: 913: 908: 907: 903: 898: 897: 893: 888: 887: 883: 878: 877: 873: 868: 867: 863: 858: 857: 853: 848: 847: 843: 838: 837: 833: 828: 827: 823: 822: 820: 813: 812: 808: 803: 802: 798: 793: 792: 788: 783: 782: 778: 773: 772: 768: 767: 765: 761: 754: 753: 752:Cymothoe eris 749: 744: 743: 739: 734: 733: 729: 724: 723: 719: 714: 713: 709: 704: 703: 699: 694: 693: 689: 688: 686: 679: 678: 674: 669: 668: 664: 663: 661: 657: 652:Suffert, 1904 650: 649: 645: 640: 639: 635: 630: 629: 625: 620: 619: 615: 610: 609: 605: 600: 599: 595: 590: 589: 585: 580: 579: 575: 570: 569: 565: 560: 559: 555: 550: 549: 545: 544: 542: 535: 534: 530: 525: 524: 520: 515: 514: 510: 509: 507: 503: 496: 495: 491: 490: 488: 481: 480: 476: 471: 470: 466: 461: 460: 456: 451: 450: 446: 445: 443: 439: 434:(Plötz, 1880) 432: 431: 427: 422: 421: 417: 416: 414: 410: 403: 402: 398: 397: 395: 391: 390: 389: 386: 380: 378: 376: 372: 368: 364: 360: 352: 350: 348: 345: 344: 339: 335: 334: 329: 324: 322: 321: 316: 308: 306: 304: 303: 298: 297: 292: 291: 286: 285: 280: 279: 274: 273: 268: 267: 258: 256: 249: 247: 245: 241: 237: 233: 229: 228:Limenitidinae 225: 221: 217: 216: 202: 199: 194: 191: 186: 183: 182: 180: 177: 173: 168: 163: 162: 158: 155: 154: 151: 148: 145: 144: 141: 138: 135: 134: 131: 128: 125: 124: 121: 118: 115: 114: 111: 108: 105: 104: 101: 98: 95: 94: 91: 88: 85: 84: 79: 74: 70: 67: 63: 62: 56: 52: 47: 44: 43: 38: 34: 29: 26: 22: 19: 1350: 1326: 1317: 1304: 1296: 1279: 1273: 1267: 1262:2197, 53-63. 1259: 1254: 1218: 1208: 1198: 1188: 1178: 1168: 1158: 1148: 1138: 1128: 1118: 1108: 1093: 1083: 1073: 1069:Butler, 1900 1063: 1053: 1043: 1033: 1023: 1013: 1007: 994: 984: 974: 964: 954: 944: 934: 930:Viette, 1971 924: 914: 904: 894: 884: 874: 864: 854: 844: 834: 824: 809: 799: 789: 779: 769: 763: 750: 740: 730: 720: 716:(Ward, 1871) 710: 700: 690: 681:Dewitz, 1886 675: 665: 659: 646: 636: 626: 616: 606: 596: 586: 576: 566: 556: 552:(Ward, 1871) 546: 531: 521: 511: 505: 498:Karsch, 1894 492: 477: 467: 457: 447: 441: 428: 424:(Hewitson, ) 418: 412: 399: 393: 387: 384: 363:superspecies 358: 356: 341: 338:type species 331: 328:sister genus 325: 318: 312: 300: 294: 288: 282: 276: 270: 264: 262: 253: 231: 214: 213: 212: 200: 192: 184: 160: 159: 150:Limenitidini 59: 40: 24: 18: 1462:iNaturalist 1375:Wikispecies 1204:Gaede, 1916 1049:Kirby, 1889 960:Rydon, 1980 920:Rydon, 1980 910:Rydon, 1980 850:Rydon, 1980 622:Rydon, 1981 612:Rydon, 1981 250:Description 224:butterflies 201:Paradiadema 188:Doubleday, 140:Nymphalidae 130:Lepidoptera 1523:Categories 1295:Seitz, A. 1232:References 775:(Godart, ) 696:(Cramer, ) 272:Kiggelaria 196:Westwood, 110:Arthropoda 42:C. hobarti 1412:ButMoth: 795:(Drury, ) 320:C. caenis 278:Fernandoa 204:Distant, 96:Kingdom: 90:Eukaryota 61:C. fumana 1475:LepIndex 1389:BioLib: 1381:Cymothoe 1366:Q1766060 1360:Wikidata 1351:Cymothoe 1327:Cymothoe 1318:Cymothoe 1305:Cymothoe 1274:Cymothoe 1008:sangaris 413:hyarbita 394:oemilius 367:phenetic 359:Cymothoe 309:Taxonomy 296:Dovyalis 266:Rawsonia 242:and the 215:Cymothoe 193:Eupithes 176:Synonyms 161:Cymothoe 136:Family: 106:Phylum: 100:Animalia 86:Domain: 25:Cymothoe 1454:1906171 1260:Zootaxa 381:Species 302:Rinorea 284:Kigelia 259:Biology 232:gliders 185:Pallene 156:Genus: 146:Tribe: 126:Order: 120:Insecta 116:Class: 58:female 1506:917190 1493:442252 1480:162258 1467:149057 1415:7778.0 1392:685821 1320:at EOL 1312:images 764:caenis 660:fumana 506:lurida 442:lucasi 371:clades 347:Cramer 336:. The 290:Vismia 167:Hübner 1441:19305 1428:926HJ 1405:70845 1307:types 373:. As 333:Harma 220:genus 218:is a 66:Ghana 1488:NCBI 1449:GBIF 1400:BOLD 1006:The 762:The 658:The 504:The 440:The 411:The 392:The 326:The 281:and 269:and 1436:EoL 1423:CoL 1330:at 330:is 222:of 1525:: 1503:: 1490:: 1477:: 1464:: 1451:: 1438:: 1425:: 1402:: 1377:: 1362:: 1240:^ 349:. 246:. 169:, 1272:"

Index


C. hobarti

C. fumana
Ghana
Scientific classification
Edit this classification
Eukaryota
Animalia
Arthropoda
Insecta
Lepidoptera
Nymphalidae
Limenitidini
Cymothoe
Hübner
Synonyms
genus
butterflies
Limenitidinae
Afrotropical realm
Guinean Forests of West Africa
Congolian forests
Rawsonia
Kiggelaria
Fernandoa
Kigelia
Vismia
Dovyalis
Rinorea

Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.