1906:
33:
1786:
646:
608:
567:
54:
1689:
671:
1836:
1854:. Thereafter it became a popular ornamental plant that was widely planted in the United Kingdom through the 19th century. Regardless of its status it is recorded from Ireland and Portugal in the west in every country as far east as Ukraine, Poland, and Sweden, and according to POWO it may also be found in the Baltic States, northwestern Russia, and the North Caucasus with World Plants recording it in Belarus and Georgia.
1877:, north-east, and New England as far south as South Carolina, Tennessee, and Arkansas and as far west as Wisconsin, Illinois, and Missouri with the exception of Maine and New Hampshire. It is also found on the west coast in California, Oregon, and Washington State. It is more scattered in the interior states, listed as growing in Colorado, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Utah, with the last of these recorded by USDA
245:
3869:
656:
The flowers are pollinated by bees, but are also self-compatible. Once a flower is fertilized it forms a globular capsule 3–5 mm in diameter. Each of the capsules has two openings, each with three valves. The seeds are quite small, just 0.5–1 mm with a crescent shape covered in minute warty
641:
Flowering is dependent on local conditions. In
Britain it may flower from May until the end of November, while in Eastern Europe it does so from June to July with seeds in September. In North America it may flower from May to October. In New Zealand it flowers all year long, from January to December.
1831:
recorded by POWO as growing in the southeastern part of the species' range, only in Italy and the former
Yugoslavia. The World Plants database largely agrees listing it as native to the central and southern parts of Italy and to Croatia, but also listing it as introduced in Germany; it has also been
1723:
Related to its habit of growing on ruins, it was also called "coliseum ivy", a name that was first recorded in 1864. From its first location of introduction in
England it was also called "Oxford ivy" and was previously called "Oxford weed". The common name "Kenilworth ivy" is speculated to come from
1804:
also occurring throughout this range. Similarly the World Plants database records it as native to the same areas, but more specifically to
Slovenia, Croatia, Bosnia & Hercegovina, Serbia, and Kosovo in the former Yugoslavia and to the small state of San Marino on the Italian peninsula. It also
633:
form a closed tube 3–5 mm long. The lower lip of the flower expanded upwards to block the tube of the flower similarly to the well known snapdragon flowers (palate inflated). The two cushion shaped parts of the lip under the mouth have yellow spots. The lower lobes of the flower are spreading
1849:
From this original range it spread to much of Europe and to the rest of the world as either an accidental introduction or because of its use as a ornamental plant. Its first record outside of cultivation in Great
Britain is from 1640. A frequently repeated story is that the plants were introduced
1881:
PLANTS database (PLANTS) and World Plants, but not POWO. In Canada it agreed that it grows in five provinces, British
Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Ontario, and Québec. However PLANTS and World Plants also record it in Nova Scotia while POWO alone records it on the island of Newfoundland.
1728:
or the castle of the same name which is near where the plant first appeared in
England in the 1600s. Other less common names related to its ivy-like appearance include "ivy-weed", "ivy-wort", and "Kentucky-ivy". The common name "mother of thousands" has been applied to this species and also to
1924:
On oceanic islands it has been introduced to Maui in Hawaii, both the North and South Island of New
Zealand, Bermuda, Mauritius, St. Helena, and the Juan Fernández Islands. It is also found in six Australian states, Western Australia, South Australia, Victoria, New South Wales, the south of
2001:
Ivy-leaved toadflax is sometimes used as a salad green in
Southern Europe. Its taste is described as like raw garden peas or bitter with a sharp numbing sensation, however it has also been noted as slightly toxic by researchers Marion Cooper and Anthony Johnson.
634:
while the upper ones stand up, with rounded ends and 2–3 mm long. The majority of the flower is lilac with a yellow throat with darker lines on the upper lobes. Rarely the flowers may be all or nearly all white. At the rear of the flower there is a short
661:
and moves towards the light. After fertilisation, it becomes negatively phototropic ("scototropic") and moves away from the light. This results in seed capsules being pushed into dark crevices of rock walls, where it is more likely to germinate.
1885:
In South
America it has been observed in Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru in the north. It has also been recorded in the south and southeast of Brazil, Uruguay, Bolivia, and the north of Argentina. In mainland Chile it has been reported from
1872:
has been recorded growing outside cultivation in Bermuda, Canada, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, and the United States. In the USA it is generally agreed that it grows in much of the
1706:
One of its most frequent common names in English, "ivy-leaved toadflax", is a compound name that describes the appearance of the plant. The leaves of the species are similar shape to those of
588:. Its roots are thin and fibrous for reaching into cracks. Its rounded, heart-shaped, or kidney shaped leaves are 5–40 mm long, 6–60 mm wide, and are alternating, supported on thin
1747:. It has also been called "pennywort", but this name is shared with many other vaguely round leafed herbaceous plants. Less common names shared with other plants include "cancer root" (with
2014:, particularly on rocky slopes, and planted in wall cracks. Once established it will reproduce on its own, both from seeding and stems rooting themselves. It is winter hardy in
1796:
POWO regards the native range for this species to be limited to southern Europe, in Austria, France, Italy, Switzerland, and the former Yugoslavia, with the nominate subspecies
1777:). Two other nautical names include "climbing sailor" and "roving sailor". It has also been called "pedlar's basket", "rabbits", "roving Jenny", and "Devil's ribbon".
538:
in many other temperate locations. The flower stalk is unusual for seeking light until it is fertilized, after which it grows away from the light. Other names include
4163:
1640:
This subspecies is hairless or nearly so in most parts. It is widespread and commonly encountered across much of the temperate world, see distribution for details.
4251:
1945:
such as on south or west facing walls of structures or the embankments of rivers. It is considered very characteristic of the vegetation that grows on walls.
604:. They may have from three to seven lobes, but most often has five lobes. The leaves are relatively thick and often blushed with purple on their undersides.
3628:
Guzmán, B.; Gómez, J. M.; Vargas, P. (July 2017). "Is floral morphology a good predictor of floral visitors to Antirrhineae (snapdragons and relatives)?".
1988:. The last of these was first observed feeding on ivy-leaved toadflax and is named for the species. The plant is also a host for tomato ringspot virus.
1805:
shows it as native to additional areas north east of the Alps such as Czechia, Slovakia, and Liechtenstein, and many Atlantic Ocean islands such as the
4508:
4101:
4521:
4189:
4114:
1850:
accidentally as part of a shipment of statuary to Oxford. However, this is unlikely since it was recorded growing in an English garden in 1617 in
530:, is a low, spreading, trailing plant with small purple flowers, native to rocky habitats in southern Europe. It belongs to the plantain family (
4359:
4287:
2709:
A Natural Arrangement of British Plants : According to Their Relations to Each Other as Pointed Out by Jussieu, De Candolle, Brown, &c
1905:
1878:
2126:
3841:
3778:
3474:
3305:
3271:
3237:
3203:
3133:
3064:
3030:
2580:
2546:
2448:
2409:
2347:
2306:
2210:
4028:
4626:
4269:
3886:
4062:
4023:
4621:
2479:. Vol. XXII : Solanaceae and Scrophulariacea. Jerusalem, Israel: Israel Program for Scientific Translations. p. 156
1959:
is a generalist, attracting a wide range of pollinators, including bees, flies, and butterflies. Their roots are associated with
32:
4547:
4150:
740:
703:. Its taxonomic history since that date is quite complex with twenty-two species and five subspecies that are considered to be
592:, usually purple, 10–22 mm long. The leaves are either smooth (glabrous) or with widely scattered hairs in the subspecies
4421:
4217:
3407:
1948:
In hot climates it becomes a high altitude specialist, for example growing from 1100–1300 m in elevation in Costa Rica.
4338:
3348:
4194:
4238:
3873:
3173:(Reprint ed.). Hamden, Connecticut: The Shoe String Press. pp. 23, 28, 29, 37, 45, 67, 69, 83, 89, 91, 100, 121
4495:
4385:
4176:
3964:
2816:
53:
4570:
4426:
4372:
2946:
2941:
2912:
2907:
2870:
2865:
2639:
2603:
2084:
2079:
1680:
by POWO. All parts of the plants are covered in fine hairs (villous) except for the seed pods, which are hairless.
1576:
775:
2677:
Die Natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien : nebst ihren Gattungen und wichtigeren Arten, insbesondere den Nutzpflanzen
4256:
4212:
1865:
floristic areas. In Asia it is now found in Turkey, Jordan, North Korea, South Korea, and the eastern Himalayas.
760:
3517:
4616:
4292:
2440:
Plant Associations : An Introduction to British Wild Plants and Their Environmental and Human Associations
1843:
1773:
535:
4575:
4377:
3388:
Görs 1966 in Lower Silesia – expansion or regression?". In Zając, Adam; Zając, Maria; Zemanek, Bogdan (eds.).
657:
bumps. This plant has an unusual method for planting its own seeds. The flower stalk is initially positively
4611:
2967:
Heywood, V. H. (April 1972). "Flora Europaea: Notulae Systematicae ad Floram Europaeam spectantes: No. 12".
2671:
4093:
3935:
4088:
3989:
3897:
3059:(1st ed.). Auckland, New Zealand; London; Sydney, Australia: Hodder and Stoughton. pp. 221–223.
1584:
1072:
736:
4526:
4119:
3881:
2699:
1960:
1785:
1767:
1743:
1731:
1195:
752:
170:
1980:
645:
607:
4562:
4279:
4036:
3637:
3295:
3123:
2570:
2528:
1857:
In Africa it grows in Morocco, Algeria, and Tunisia in the north and in South Africa it grows in the
1749:
1663:
3128:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom ; New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 205.
566:
4323:
2499:
2106:
1755:
1676:
4230:
4015:
3088:
1703:
comes from the Latin "mūrālis" for walls and relating to them, from its habit of growing on them.
4444:
3730:
3671:
Harley, J. L.; Harley, E. L. (February 1987). "A Check-list of Mycorrhiza in the British Flora".
2995:
2793:
2611:
2524:
2251:
1862:
1818:
1580:
783:
260:
48:
4364:
4328:
3801:
3548:
3431:
3261:
3054:
3020:
2536:
2475:. In Komaroav, V.L; Schischkin, B.K.; Bobrov, E.G.; Shetler, Stanwyn G.; Fet, Galina N. (eds.).
2399:
2337:
2296:
2200:
4168:
3831:
3573:
3227:
3193:
2438:
4300:
3997:
3837:
3774:
3653:
3470:
3403:
3301:
3267:
3233:
3199:
3129:
3060:
3026:
2757:
2576:
2542:
2444:
2405:
2374:
2343:
2302:
2206:
1737:
704:
3768:
1626:
continues to be listed as a valid subspecies, but it is not listed as valid by most sources.
4142:
3742:
3711:
3680:
3645:
3395:
3168:
2976:
2703:
2675:
2615:
2541:(2nd ed.). Cambridge, United Kingdom; London: Cambridge University Press. p. 320.
2151:
P.A. Stroh; T. A. Humphrey; R.J. Burkmar; O.L. Pescott; D.B. Roy; K.J. Walker, eds. (2020).
2118:
1899:
1688:
1600:
748:
670:
589:
4305:
2732:
2643:
3119:
1027:
629:
at the base of the flower that have lobes 1.5–3 mm long and are sharply pointed. The
585:
91:
4436:
3598:
2680:(in German). Vol. IV : Abteilung 3b. Leipzig, Germany: W. Engelmann. p. 58
2472:
4351:
3641:
1835:
4346:
4080:
3746:
3715:
3684:
2980:
2784:
2607:
1974:
1858:
1814:
826:
779:
581:
531:
137:
78:
4605:
3550:
Ecology of Plant Communities : A Phytosociological Account of British Vegetation
3389:
2532:
1968:
1938:
1887:
1336:
1210:
988:
960:
721:
690:
635:
3198:(1st ed.). Chichester, United Kingdom: Packard Publishing Limited. p. 19.
2707:
4449:
4002:
3495:
3357:
World Plants. Synonymic Checklist and Distribution of the World Flora. Version 18.3
2667:
2205:. Cambridge, UK ; New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. pp. 373–374.
1942:
1895:
912:
4500:
4487:
3956:
1666:
using an incomplete description by Jenő Béla Kümmerle. In 1972 the Irish botanist
244:
4476:
4390:
4204:
3969:
3770:
A Sampler of Wayside Herbs : Rediscovering Old Uses for Familiar Wild Plants
4534:
4413:
4315:
4243:
4225:
4127:
3929:
3553:. Harlow, Essex, United Kingdom: Longman Scientific & Technical. p. 154
2852:
2011:
790:
in 1800. As previously it was given six more variously incorrect names in genus
695:
658:
3946:
3399:
2620:(in German). Vol. 2. Frankfurt am Main: P. H. Guilhauman. pp. 397–398
2152:
2933:
2894:
2070:
1761:
1725:
1667:
874:
792:
622:
147:
4067:
3920:
2575:(Reprint ed.). London ; New York: Chapman & Hall. p. 101.
4181:
4075:
4049:
3704:
Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series B, Taxonomy
3502:, USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service PLANTS Profile, 6 January 2024
2018:
5 to 9. According to the garden author Carolyn Singer it is deer resistant.
2015:
1913:
689:
was given its first scientific name and description by the early taxonomist
186:
4588:
4403:
3657:
3868:
4583:
4470:
4398:
4264:
3979:
3914:
1917:
1909:
1891:
1851:
233:
127:
117:
104:
3025:. Chicago, Illinois: The University of Chicago Press. pp. 42, 139.
2762:(in Latin). Stuttgardtiae et Tubingae, sumtibus I.G. Cottae. p. 482
2443:(1st ed.). Radstock, United Kingdom: Greenditch Press. p. 57.
2342:(1st ed.). Seattle, Washington: Sasquatch Books. pp. 130–134.
580:
spreads quickly, growing 10–80 cm (3.9–31.5 in) tall. It is a
4513:
4106:
4010:
3022:
Latin for Gardeners : Over 3000 Plant Names Explained and Explored
2498:
Breitwieser, I.; Heenan, P.J.; Nelson, W.A.; Wilton, A.D. (2010–2024).
2122:
1874:
1810:
1712:
1251:
1085:
1057:
973:
712:
597:
229:
194:
4539:
3649:
4132:
1806:
1720:
grown as a crop, and the flowers reminded people of a toad's mouth.
1707:
1526:
916:
767:, in 1796. It was described four more times under different names in
190:
3891:
1937:
was narrow niches in rock faces and cliffs. In cooler climates like
4552:
4155:
4054:
3125:
The Plant-Book : A Portable Dictionary of the Vascular Plants
2648:(in Latin). Vol. 2. Paris, France: C.F. Cramerum. p. 155
2301:(1st ed.). Portland, Oregon: Timber Press. pp. 121–122.
1904:
1834:
1784:
1687:
1393:
1002:
855:
669:
644:
630:
626:
606:
565:
65:
41:
2376:
A New British Flora; British Wild Flowers in Their Natural Haunts
2404:. Oxford ; New York: Oxford University Press. p. 189.
1717:
1710:. Its flowers are similar to those of the closely related genus
1307:
945:
253:
4041:
3895:
1670:
described it with its current name making the distinction from
2712:. Vol. II. London: Baldwin, Cradock, and Joy. p. 322
3469:(1. publ ed.). London: Sinclair-Stevenson. p. 331.
3394:. Cracow, Poland: Jagiellonian University. pp. 185–193.
3833:
Deer in My Garden : Volume 2: Groundcovers & Edgers
1716:, which is called toadflax because it is a frequent weed of
732:
continued to be used alongside other names as late as 1902.
3093:. Boston, Massachusetts: J. E. Tilton & Co. p. 254
2737:(in German). Geissen und Darmstadt: Gießen u.a. p. 480
2379:. London: Gresham Publishing Company, Ltd. pp. 170–171
2339:
Wildly Successful Plants : Northern California Gardens
887:
3698:
Stroyan, H. L. G. (December 1967). "A Replacement Name in
3578:. Hague, Netherlands: D. W. Junk N.V. pp. 12, 51, 52
3440:
Proceedings of the Botanical Society of the British Isles
2500:"Taxon Profile Cymbalaria muralis (based on Heenan 2014)"
1599:
As of 2024 there are two widely accepted subspecies. The
3609:. Chicago, Illinois: Field Museum of Natural History: 36
3000:. Oxford, United Kingdom: Clarendon Press. p. 1177
724:
in 1768. Four other names were published after this in
3195:
The Common Names of Wild Flowers in English and French
2401:
Flowers of Greece and the Balkans : A Field Guide
3232:. New York: Gallery Books : Pub. by W.H. Smith.
2432:
2430:
2428:
2373:
Horwood, Arthur Reginald; Fitch, John Nugent (1919).
3599:"Flora Costaricensis: Family #193. Scrophulariaceae"
2889:
2887:
621:
has small flowers that strongly resemble those of a
4460:
3904:
2847:
2845:
699:with plants commonly called snapdragons in 1753 as
3300:. New York: Arco Publishing Company. p. 170.
747:. The species was described and given a taxonomic
3391:Phytogeographical Problems of Synanthropic Plants
3384:P. Gaertn., B. Mey. & Schreb. and
2146:
2144:
3432:"Notes on the Introduction and Distribution of
3380:Szczęśniak, Ewa; Świerkosz, Krzysztof (2003). "
3162:
3160:
3158:
3156:
3154:
3152:
2194:
2192:
2190:
2188:
2186:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2178:
2010:In gardens ivy-leaved toadflax is planted as a
1832:recorded as naturalised in Britain since 1970.
1674:, which as of 2024 is regarded as a synonym of
1654:This subspecies was first described in 1925 as
3342:
3340:
3338:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3326:
3324:
3170:Index to the Common Names of Herbaceous Plants
1925:Queensland, and the island state of Tasmania.
710:The very first is a reclassification in genus
3597:Barringer, Kerry; Burger, William C. (2000).
3114:
3112:
3110:
3108:
2645:Synopsis Plantarum, Seu Enchiridium Botanicum
2368:
2366:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2284:
2282:
2280:
1963:, a group of fungi that partner with plants.
8:
3436:G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. in Scotland"
3528:. Council of Heads of Australasian Herbaria
3266:. London ; New York: DK. p. 114.
3056:A Garden of Old Fashioned and Unusual Herbs
2994:Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879).
2734:Flora von Gießen und der Umliegenden Gegend
3892:
2163:. Botanical Society of Britain and Ireland
798:
751:six years later in 1779 by the naturalist
243:
31:
20:
3773:. New York: Greenwich House. p. 84.
3375:
3373:
2617:Oekonomisch-technische Flora der Wetterau
2572:Plant Tropisms and Other Growth Movements
638:about ⅓ the total length of the flower.
329:(G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.) Pers.
2969:Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society
2331:
2329:
2327:
2325:
3836:. Garden Wisdom Press. pp. 85–87.
3490:
3488:
3486:
3229:Terence Conran's Decorating With Plants
2065:
2063:
2061:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2051:
2027:
273:
3511:
3509:
2779:
2777:
2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2031:
1879:Natural Resources Conservation Service
1759:), and "wandering sailor" (with genus
1591:as the correct name for this species.
799:
2250:Elisens, Wayne J. (5 November 2020).
2245:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2237:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2229:
2129:from the original on 15 February 2020
275:
207:
40:Plant in natural habitat in northern
16:Southern European species of toadflax
7:
4563:2929817d-e361-4830-9542-114b7b72213a
4427:4ca26e8b-115c-4854-9772-8e8d5808efae
4280:144b5297-7be9-46f8-b8f5-1de20898e693
3702:Passerini (Homoptera: Aphidoidea)".
2538:Excursion Flora of the British Isles
2199:Clapham, A. R. (Arthur Roy) (1987).
2105:Occdownload Gbif.Org (26 May 2018).
1442:Linaria cymbalaria var. heterophylla
763:gave it a similar superfluous name,
3347:Hassler, Michael (3 January 2024).
728:that had acceptance for a time and
3747:10.1002/j.1537-2197.1942.tb14230.x
3716:10.1111/j.1365-3113.1967.tb00536.x
3685:10.1111/j.1469-8137.1987.tb00674.x
3547:Rieley, Jack; Page, Susan (1990).
3526:The Australasian Virtual Herbarium
2981:10.1111/j.1095-8339.1972.tb00935.x
2731:Walther, Friedrich Ludwig (1802).
1001:(G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb.)
14:
3090:Flowers for the Parlor and Garden
3087:Rand Jr., Edward Sprague (1864).
679:Deutschlands Flora in Abbildungen
4576:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:799067-1
4378:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:325773-2
3867:
2756:Steudel, Ernst Gottlieb (1821).
52:
2789:G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb"
2111:G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb"
2075:G.Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb"
1415:Linaria cymbalaria var. globosa
2759:Nomenclator Botanicus (vol. 1)
2473:"Genus 1326. CYMBALARIA Medic"
1247:Cymbalaria muralis f. visianii
1220:Cymbalaria muralis f. toutonii
1:
1966:At least three aphid species
1765:), and "Wandering Jew" (with
1469:Linaria cymbalaria var. minor
786:with a new classification as
3731:"Tomato Ringspot on Currant"
3294:Le Strange, Richard (1977).
3167:Carleton, R. Milton (1962).
2903:(Kümmerle ex Jáv.) D.A.Webb"
2569:Hart, James Watnell (1992).
2295:MacKenzie, David S. (1997).
2161:BSBI Online Plant Atlas 2020
741:Noël Martin Joseph de Necker
693:. He placed it in the genus
677:botanical illustration from
485:Goiran ex Fiori & Bég.
4627:Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
3019:Harrison, Lorraine (2012).
2640:Persoon, Christiaan Hendrik
2504:Flora of New Zealand Online
1941:in Poland it grows in warm
4643:
3735:American Journal of Botany
3400:10.6084/M9.FIGSHARE.105653
3297:A History of Herbal Plants
3192:Whitmore, Patrick (1991).
2947:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2942:Plants of the World Online
2913:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2908:Plants of the World Online
2871:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2866:Plants of the World Online
2202:Flora of the British Isles
2107:"GBIF Occurrence Download
2085:Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew
2080:Plants of the World Online
1577:Plants of the World Online
1472:Goiran ex Fiori & Bég.
776:Philipp Gottfried Gaertner
739:) created by the botanist
735:A spelling variation (see
3729:Hildebrand, E.M. (1942).
2471:Kuprianova, L.A. (1968).
1978:(green peach aphid), and
1933:The original habitat for
796:over the next 147 years.
761:Richard Anthony Salisbury
652:producing fruit and seeds
534:), and is introduced and
266:
259:
252:Occurrence records from
251:
242:
206:
201:
176:
169:
49:Scientific classification
47:
39:
30:
23:
4622:Plants described in 1753
3830:Singer, Carolyn (2009).
3575:Notes on Wall Vegetation
3430:Watt, Hugh Boyd (1956).
3053:Painter, Gilian (1982).
2533:Warburg, Edmund Frederic
1844:Berlin Botanical Gardens
1774:Tradescantia fluminensis
1138:Cymbalaria glechomifolia
1024:Antirrhinum quinquelobum
970:Antirrhinum hederifolium
765:Antirrhinum hederifolium
759:. Likewise the botanist
743:1773 when he spelled it
366:Cymbalaria glechomifolia
334:Antirrhinum quinquelobum
318:Antirrhinum hederifolium
3882:Jepson Manual Treatment
3465:Mabey, Richard (1996).
2437:Maidment, Clem (2007).
2298:Perennial ground covers
823:Antirrhinum acutangulum
278:Antirrhinum acutangulum
4462:Antirrhinum cymbalaria
3767:Pond, Barbara (1982).
3260:Thompson, Ken (2009).
3226:Conder, Susan (1990).
2700:Gray, Samuel Frederick
2398:Polunin, Oleg (1980).
2264:Flora of North America
1984:are commonly found on
1921:
1846:
1793:
1696:
1585:Flora of North America
1082:Cymbalaria flabellifer
942:Antirrhinum hederaceum
909:Antirrhinum cymbalaria
884:Antirrhinum cymbalaria
852:Antirrhinum cimbalaria
757:Antirrhinum hederaceum
745:Antirrhinum cimbalaria
737:Orthographical variant
701:Antirrhinum cymbalaria
682:
653:
615:
574:
350:Cymbalaria flabellifer
310:Antirrhinum hederaceum
302:Antirrhinum cymbalaria
294:Antirrhinum cymbalaria
286:Antirrhinum cimbalaria
3386:Cymbalarietum muralis
2529:Tutin, Thomas Gaskell
2153:"Ivy-leaved Toadflax
1961:arbuscular mycorrhiza
1908:
1838:
1788:
1768:Saxifraga stolonifera
1744:Soleirolia soleirolii
1732:Saxifraga stolonifera
1691:
1111:Cymbalaria gerbaultii
1053:Cymbalaria cymbalaria
814:Synonym of and notes
753:Jean-Baptiste Lamarck
716:, the toadflaxes, as
685:As with many plants,
673:
648:
610:
569:
358:Cymbalaria gerbaultii
342:Cymbalaria cymbalaria
3878:at Wikimedia Commons
3446:(2). London: 123–125
2477:Flora of the U.S.S.R
2336:Peirce, Pam (2004).
1912:upon the trunk of a
1750:Conopholis americana
1724:the English town of
1192:Cymbalaria hederacea
774:It was described by
600:) in the subspecies
382:Cymbalaria hederacea
377:(Gerbault) A.Chev.
3810:PFAF Plant Database
3642:2017PlBio..19..515G
2936:Sibthorpia europaea
2612:Scherbius, Johannes
2525:Clapham, Arthur Roy
1756:Epifagus virginiana
1677:Sibthorpia europaea
1552:Tursitis cymbalaria
1523:Linaria hederifolia
1496:Linaria hederifolia
1304:Cymbalaria vulgaris
1277:Cymbalaria toutonii
998:Antirrhinum muralis
801:
548:mother of thousands
528:ivy-leaved toadflax
506:Tursitis cymbalaria
498:Linaria hederifolia
490:Linaria hederifolia
478:Linaria cymbalaria
466:Linaria cymbalaria
454:Linaria cymbalaria
422:Cymbalaria vulgaris
414:Cymbalaria toutonii
402:Cymbalaria muralis
390:Cymbalaria muralis
326:Antirrhinum muralis
221:Cymbalaria muralis
210:Cymbalaria muralis
4329:Cymbalaria muralis
4316:Cymbalaria_muralis
4270:Cymbalaria~muralis
4029:Cymbalaria_muralis
3936:Cymbalaria muralis
3906:Cymbalaria muralis
3875:Cymbalaria muralis
3804:Cymbalaria muralis
3572:Segal, S. (1969).
3520:Cymbalaria muralis
3498:Cymbalaria muralis
3434:Cymbalaria muralis
3382:Cymbalaria muralis
2997:A Latin Dictionary
2897:Cymbalaria muralis
2855:Cymbalaria muralis
2829:Euro+Med-Plantbase
2819:Cymbalaria muralis
2794:World Flora Online
2787:Cymbalaria muralis
2604:Gärtner, Gottfried
2254:Cymbalaria muralis
2155:Cymbalaria muralis
2123:10.15468/dl.85brwi
2109:Cymbalaria muralis
2073:Cymbalaria muralis
1986:Cymbalaria muralis
1957:Cymbalaria muralis
1935:Cymbalaria muralis
1922:
1870:Cymbalaria muralis
1863:Northern Provinces
1847:
1840:Cymbalaria muralis
1825:Cymbalaria muralis
1819:Cape Verde Islands
1798:Cymbalaria muralis
1794:
1790:Cymbalaria muralis
1697:
1693:Cymbalaria muralis
1656:Cymbalaria muralis
1645:Cymbalaria muralis
1631:Cymbalaria muralis
1620:Cymbalaria muralis
1618:. In some sources
1612:Cymbalaria muralis
1604:Cymbalaria muralis
1589:Cymbalaria muralis
1581:World Flora Online
1389:Linaria cymbalaria
1362:Linaria acutangula
1333:Elatine cymbalaria
1168:(Gerbault) A.Chev.
1165:Cymbalaria globosa
800:Table of Synonyms
788:Cymbalaria muralis
784:Johannes Scherbius
730:Linaria cymbalaria
718:Linaria cymbalaria
705:taxonomic synonyms
687:Cymbalaria muralis
683:
675:Cymbalaria muralis
654:
650:Cymbalaria muralis
619:Cymbalaria muralis
616:
612:Cymbalaria muralis
578:Cymbalaria muralis
575:
571:Cymbalaria muralis
526:, commonly called
523:Cymbalaria muralis
446:Linaria cymbalaria
438:Linaria acutangula
430:Elatine cymbalaria
409:Kümmerle ex Jáv.
397:(A.Chev.) Cufod.
374:Cymbalaria globosa
305:Sieber ex Benth.
180:Cymbalaria muralis
25:Cymbalaria muralis
4599:
4598:
4301:Open Tree of Life
3898:Taxon identifiers
3872:Media related to
3843:978-0-9774251-5-0
3780:978-0-517-38594-4
3650:10.1111/plb.12567
3476:978-1-85619-377-1
3307:978-0-668-04247-5
3273:978-0-7566-4271-6
3263:The Book of Weeds
3239:978-0-8317-2169-5
3205:978-1-85341-027-7
3135:978-0-521-41421-0
3066:978-0-340-27224-4
3032:978-0-226-00919-3
2704:Gray, John Edward
2582:978-0-412-53080-7
2548:978-0-521-04656-5
2450:978-0-9554947-0-3
2411:978-0-19-217626-4
2349:978-1-57061-358-6
2308:978-0-88192-368-1
2212:978-0-521-30985-1
1981:Myzus cymbalariae
1868:In North America
1792:growing on a wall
1738:Tolmiea menziesii
1699:The species name
1672:Cymbalaria pilosa
1573:
1572:
1556:
1529:
1500:
1473:
1446:
1419:
1396:
1366:
1339:
1310:
1281:
1254:
1224:
1198:
1169:
1142:
1115:
1088:
1073:not validly publ.
1060:
1030:
1005:
976:
948:
919:
890:
858:
829:
519:
518:
510:
502:
494:
486:
474:
462:
450:
442:
434:
426:
418:
410:
398:
386:
378:
370:
362:
354:
346:
338:
330:
322:
314:
306:
298:
290:
282:
236:
217:
4634:
4592:
4591:
4579:
4578:
4566:
4565:
4556:
4555:
4543:
4542:
4530:
4529:
4517:
4516:
4504:
4503:
4491:
4490:
4481:
4480:
4479:
4453:
4452:
4440:
4439:
4430:
4429:
4417:
4416:
4407:
4406:
4394:
4393:
4381:
4380:
4368:
4367:
4355:
4354:
4342:
4341:
4332:
4331:
4319:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4296:
4295:
4283:
4282:
4273:
4272:
4260:
4259:
4247:
4246:
4244:NHMSYS0000457806
4234:
4233:
4221:
4220:
4208:
4207:
4198:
4197:
4185:
4184:
4172:
4171:
4159:
4158:
4146:
4145:
4136:
4135:
4123:
4122:
4110:
4109:
4097:
4096:
4084:
4083:
4071:
4070:
4058:
4057:
4045:
4044:
4032:
4031:
4019:
4018:
4006:
4005:
3993:
3992:
3983:
3982:
3973:
3972:
3960:
3959:
3950:
3949:
3940:
3939:
3938:
3925:
3924:
3923:
3893:
3871:
3855:
3854:
3852:
3850:
3827:
3821:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3798:
3792:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3753:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3695:
3689:
3688:
3668:
3662:
3661:
3625:
3619:
3618:
3616:
3614:
3603:Fieldiana Botany
3594:
3588:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3569:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3544:
3538:
3537:
3535:
3533:
3513:
3504:
3503:
3492:
3481:
3480:
3467:Flora Britannica
3462:
3456:
3455:
3453:
3451:
3427:
3421:
3420:
3418:
3416:
3377:
3368:
3367:
3365:
3363:
3344:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3291:
3285:
3284:
3282:
3280:
3257:
3251:
3250:
3248:
3246:
3223:
3217:
3216:
3214:
3212:
3189:
3183:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3164:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3142:
3120:Mabberley, D. J.
3116:
3103:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3084:
3078:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3050:
3044:
3043:
3041:
3039:
3016:
3010:
3009:
3007:
3005:
2991:
2985:
2984:
2964:
2958:
2957:
2955:
2953:
2930:
2924:
2923:
2921:
2919:
2891:
2882:
2881:
2879:
2877:
2849:
2840:
2839:
2837:
2835:
2815:Marhold, Karol.
2812:
2806:
2805:
2803:
2801:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2769:
2767:
2753:
2747:
2746:
2744:
2742:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2719:
2717:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2664:
2658:
2657:
2655:
2653:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2627:
2625:
2600:
2594:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2566:
2560:
2559:
2557:
2555:
2521:
2515:
2514:
2512:
2510:
2495:
2489:
2488:
2486:
2484:
2468:
2462:
2461:
2459:
2457:
2434:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2418:
2395:
2389:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2370:
2361:
2360:
2358:
2356:
2333:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2315:
2292:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2247:
2224:
2223:
2221:
2219:
2196:
2173:
2172:
2170:
2168:
2148:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2134:
2102:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2067:
1972:(violet aphid),
1842:seedling in the
1695:flower side view
1554:
1525:
1498:
1471:
1444:
1417:
1391:
1364:
1335:
1306:
1284:1936 publ. 1937
1279:
1249:
1223:(A.Chev.) Cufod.
1222:
1201:1821 publ. 1822
1194:
1172:1936 publ. 1937
1167:
1145:1936 publ. 1937
1140:
1118:1936 publ. 1937
1113:
1091:1936 publ. 1937
1084:
1055:
1026:
1000:
972:
944:
911:
886:
854:
825:
802:
749:superfluous name
720:by the botanist
596:, or pubescent (
556:wandering sailor
508:
500:
492:
484:
481:
472:
469:
460:
457:
448:
440:
432:
424:
416:
408:
405:
396:
393:
384:
376:
368:
360:
352:
344:
336:
328:
320:
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
247:
227:
224:
216:
213:
182:
57:
56:
35:
21:
4642:
4641:
4637:
4636:
4635:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4617:Flora of Europe
4602:
4601:
4600:
4595:
4587:
4582:
4574:
4569:
4561:
4559:
4551:
4546:
4538:
4533:
4525:
4520:
4512:
4507:
4499:
4494:
4486:
4484:
4475:
4474:
4469:
4456:
4448:
4443:
4435:
4433:
4425:
4420:
4412:
4410:
4402:
4397:
4389:
4384:
4376:
4371:
4363:
4358:
4350:
4345:
4337:
4335:
4327:
4322:
4314:
4312:
4304:
4299:
4291:
4286:
4278:
4276:
4268:
4263:
4255:
4250:
4242:
4237:
4229:
4224:
4216:
4211:
4203:
4202:MichiganFlora:
4201:
4193:
4188:
4180:
4175:
4167:
4162:
4154:
4149:
4141:
4139:
4131:
4126:
4118:
4113:
4105:
4100:
4092:
4087:
4079:
4074:
4066:
4061:
4053:
4048:
4040:
4035:
4027:
4022:
4014:
4009:
4001:
3996:
3988:
3986:
3978:
3976:
3968:
3963:
3955:
3953:
3945:
3943:
3934:
3933:
3928:
3919:
3918:
3913:
3900:
3864:
3859:
3858:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3829:
3828:
3824:
3814:
3812:
3806:Kenilworth Ivy"
3800:
3799:
3795:
3785:
3783:
3781:
3766:
3765:
3761:
3751:
3749:
3728:
3727:
3723:
3697:
3696:
3692:
3673:New Phytologist
3670:
3669:
3665:
3627:
3626:
3622:
3612:
3610:
3596:
3595:
3591:
3581:
3579:
3571:
3570:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3545:
3541:
3531:
3529:
3515:
3514:
3507:
3494:
3493:
3484:
3477:
3464:
3463:
3459:
3449:
3447:
3429:
3428:
3424:
3414:
3412:
3410:
3379:
3378:
3371:
3361:
3359:
3346:
3345:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3308:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3259:
3258:
3254:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3225:
3224:
3220:
3210:
3208:
3206:
3191:
3190:
3186:
3176:
3174:
3166:
3165:
3150:
3140:
3138:
3136:
3118:
3117:
3106:
3096:
3094:
3086:
3085:
3081:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3052:
3051:
3047:
3037:
3035:
3033:
3018:
3017:
3013:
3003:
3001:
2993:
2992:
2988:
2966:
2965:
2961:
2951:
2949:
2932:
2931:
2927:
2917:
2915:
2893:
2892:
2885:
2875:
2873:
2851:
2850:
2843:
2833:
2831:
2814:
2813:
2809:
2799:
2797:
2783:
2782:
2775:
2765:
2763:
2755:
2754:
2750:
2740:
2738:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2713:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2666:
2665:
2661:
2651:
2649:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2623:
2621:
2608:Meyer, Bernhard
2602:
2601:
2597:
2587:
2585:
2583:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2508:
2506:
2497:
2496:
2492:
2482:
2480:
2470:
2469:
2465:
2455:
2453:
2451:
2436:
2435:
2426:
2416:
2414:
2412:
2397:
2396:
2392:
2382:
2380:
2372:
2371:
2364:
2354:
2352:
2350:
2335:
2334:
2323:
2313:
2311:
2309:
2294:
2293:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2249:
2248:
2227:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2198:
2197:
2176:
2166:
2164:
2150:
2149:
2142:
2132:
2130:
2104:
2103:
2099:
2089:
2087:
2069:
2068:
2029:
2024:
2008:
1999:
1994:
1954:
1931:
1783:
1686:
1652:
1638:
1597:
1583:(WFO), and the
1566:C. muralis
1406:C. muralis
1208:C. muralis
1070:C. muralis
1015:C. muralis
986:C. muralis
958:C. muralis
900:C. muralis
668:
586:perennial plant
584:or short lived
564:
515:
479:
467:
455:
403:
391:
272:
271:
222:
211:
197:
184:
178:
165:
162:C. muralis
51:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4640:
4638:
4630:
4629:
4624:
4619:
4614:
4612:Plantaginaceae
4604:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4580:
4567:
4557:
4544:
4531:
4518:
4505:
4492:
4482:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4450:wfo-0000632510
4441:
4431:
4418:
4408:
4395:
4382:
4369:
4356:
4343:
4333:
4320:
4310:
4297:
4284:
4274:
4261:
4248:
4235:
4222:
4209:
4199:
4186:
4173:
4160:
4147:
4137:
4124:
4111:
4098:
4085:
4072:
4059:
4046:
4033:
4020:
4007:
3994:
3984:
3974:
3961:
3951:
3941:
3926:
3910:
3908:
3902:
3901:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3884:
3879:
3863:
3862:External links
3860:
3857:
3856:
3842:
3822:
3793:
3779:
3759:
3721:
3710:(11–12): 186.
3690:
3663:
3636:(4): 515–524.
3620:
3589:
3564:
3539:
3505:
3482:
3475:
3457:
3422:
3408:
3369:
3320:
3306:
3286:
3272:
3252:
3238:
3218:
3204:
3184:
3148:
3134:
3104:
3079:
3065:
3045:
3031:
3011:
2986:
2959:
2925:
2883:
2841:
2807:
2773:
2748:
2723:
2691:
2659:
2631:
2595:
2581:
2561:
2547:
2516:
2490:
2463:
2449:
2424:
2410:
2390:
2362:
2348:
2321:
2307:
2276:
2225:
2211:
2174:
2140:
2097:
2026:
2025:
2023:
2020:
2007:
2004:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1975:Myzus persicae
1953:
1950:
1930:
1927:
1859:Cape Provinces
1815:Canary Islands
1782:
1779:
1685:
1682:
1664:Sándor Jávorka
1651:
1642:
1637:
1628:
1596:
1593:
1571:
1570:
1568:
1563:
1560:
1557:
1548:
1547:
1545:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1519:
1518:
1516:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1480:
1477:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1462:
1453:
1450:
1447:
1438:
1437:
1435:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1411:
1410:
1408:
1403:
1400:
1397:
1385:
1384:
1382:
1373:
1370:
1367:
1358:
1357:
1355:
1346:
1343:
1340:
1329:
1328:
1326:
1317:
1314:
1311:
1300:
1299:
1297:
1288:
1285:
1282:
1273:
1272:
1270:
1261:
1258:
1255:
1243:
1242:
1240:
1231:
1228:
1225:
1216:
1215:
1213:
1205:
1202:
1199:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1176:
1173:
1170:
1161:
1160:
1158:
1149:
1146:
1143:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1107:
1106:
1104:
1095:
1092:
1089:
1078:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1064:
1061:
1049:
1048:
1046:
1037:
1034:
1031:
1020:
1019:
1017:
1012:
1009:
1006:
994:
993:
991:
983:
980:
977:
966:
965:
963:
955:
952:
949:
938:
937:
935:
926:
923:
920:
905:
904:
902:
897:
894:
891:
880:
879:
877:
865:
862:
859:
848:
847:
845:
836:
833:
830:
819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
780:Bernhard Meyer
771:in the 1800s.
667:
664:
563:
560:
544:Kenilworth ivy
532:Plantaginaceae
517:
516:
514:
513:
512:
511:
503:
495:
487:
475:
463:
451:
443:
435:
427:
419:
411:
399:
387:
379:
371:
363:
355:
347:
345:(L.) Wettst.
339:
331:
323:
315:
307:
299:
291:
283:
269:
268:
267:
264:
263:
257:
256:
249:
248:
240:
239:
238:
237:
218:
204:
203:
199:
198:
185:
174:
173:
167:
166:
159:
157:
153:
152:
145:
141:
140:
138:Plantaginaceae
135:
131:
130:
125:
121:
120:
115:
108:
107:
102:
95:
94:
89:
82:
81:
76:
69:
68:
63:
59:
58:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4639:
4628:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4609:
4607:
4590:
4585:
4581:
4577:
4572:
4568:
4564:
4558:
4554:
4549:
4545:
4541:
4536:
4532:
4528:
4523:
4519:
4515:
4510:
4506:
4502:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4483:
4478:
4472:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4459:
4451:
4446:
4442:
4438:
4432:
4428:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4409:
4405:
4400:
4396:
4392:
4387:
4383:
4379:
4374:
4370:
4366:
4361:
4357:
4353:
4348:
4344:
4340:
4334:
4330:
4325:
4321:
4317:
4311:
4307:
4302:
4298:
4294:
4289:
4285:
4281:
4275:
4271:
4266:
4262:
4258:
4253:
4249:
4245:
4240:
4236:
4232:
4227:
4223:
4219:
4214:
4210:
4206:
4200:
4196:
4191:
4187:
4183:
4178:
4174:
4170:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4152:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4134:
4129:
4125:
4121:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4099:
4095:
4090:
4086:
4082:
4077:
4073:
4069:
4064:
4060:
4056:
4051:
4047:
4043:
4038:
4034:
4030:
4025:
4021:
4017:
4012:
4008:
4004:
3999:
3995:
3991:
3985:
3981:
3975:
3971:
3966:
3962:
3958:
3952:
3948:
3942:
3937:
3931:
3927:
3922:
3916:
3912:
3911:
3909:
3907:
3903:
3899:
3894:
3888:
3887:Photo gallery
3885:
3883:
3880:
3877:
3876:
3870:
3866:
3865:
3861:
3845:
3839:
3835:
3834:
3826:
3823:
3811:
3807:
3805:
3797:
3794:
3782:
3776:
3772:
3771:
3763:
3760:
3748:
3744:
3740:
3736:
3732:
3725:
3722:
3717:
3713:
3709:
3705:
3701:
3694:
3691:
3686:
3682:
3678:
3674:
3667:
3664:
3659:
3655:
3651:
3647:
3643:
3639:
3635:
3631:
3630:Plant Biology
3624:
3621:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3593:
3590:
3577:
3576:
3568:
3565:
3552:
3551:
3543:
3540:
3527:
3523:
3521:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3501:
3500:
3497:
3491:
3489:
3487:
3483:
3478:
3472:
3468:
3461:
3458:
3445:
3441:
3437:
3435:
3426:
3423:
3411:
3405:
3401:
3397:
3393:
3392:
3387:
3383:
3376:
3374:
3370:
3358:
3354:
3352:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3331:
3329:
3327:
3325:
3321:
3309:
3303:
3299:
3298:
3290:
3287:
3275:
3269:
3265:
3264:
3256:
3253:
3241:
3235:
3231:
3230:
3222:
3219:
3207:
3201:
3197:
3196:
3188:
3185:
3172:
3171:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3157:
3155:
3153:
3149:
3137:
3131:
3127:
3126:
3121:
3115:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3105:
3092:
3091:
3083:
3080:
3068:
3062:
3058:
3057:
3049:
3046:
3034:
3028:
3024:
3023:
3015:
3012:
2999:
2998:
2990:
2987:
2982:
2978:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2960:
2948:
2944:
2943:
2939:
2937:
2929:
2926:
2914:
2910:
2909:
2904:
2902:
2898:
2890:
2888:
2884:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2862:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2846:
2842:
2830:
2826:
2824:
2820:
2811:
2808:
2796:
2795:
2790:
2788:
2780:
2778:
2774:
2761:
2760:
2752:
2749:
2736:
2735:
2727:
2724:
2711:
2710:
2705:
2701:
2695:
2692:
2679:
2678:
2673:
2669:
2668:Engler, Adolf
2663:
2660:
2647:
2646:
2641:
2635:
2632:
2619:
2618:
2613:
2609:
2605:
2599:
2596:
2584:
2578:
2574:
2573:
2565:
2562:
2550:
2544:
2540:
2539:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2505:
2501:
2494:
2491:
2478:
2474:
2467:
2464:
2452:
2446:
2442:
2441:
2433:
2431:
2429:
2425:
2413:
2407:
2403:
2402:
2394:
2391:
2378:
2377:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2351:
2345:
2341:
2340:
2332:
2330:
2328:
2326:
2322:
2310:
2304:
2300:
2299:
2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2277:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2255:
2246:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2238:
2236:
2234:
2232:
2230:
2226:
2214:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2187:
2185:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2162:
2158:
2156:
2147:
2145:
2141:
2128:
2124:
2120:
2116:
2112:
2110:
2101:
2098:
2086:
2082:
2081:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2060:
2058:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2042:
2040:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2032:
2028:
2021:
2019:
2017:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1996:
1991:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1982:
1977:
1976:
1971:
1970:
1969:Myzus ornatus
1964:
1962:
1958:
1951:
1949:
1946:
1944:
1943:microclimates
1940:
1939:Lower Silesia
1936:
1928:
1926:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1901:
1900:Biobío Region
1897:
1893:
1889:
1883:
1880:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1864:
1860:
1855:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1808:
1803:
1799:
1791:
1787:
1780:
1778:
1776:
1775:
1770:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1758:
1757:
1752:
1751:
1746:
1745:
1740:
1739:
1734:
1733:
1727:
1721:
1719:
1715:
1714:
1709:
1704:
1702:
1694:
1690:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1636:
1632:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1621:
1617:
1613:
1609:
1605:
1602:
1594:
1592:
1590:
1586:
1582:
1578:
1569:
1567:
1564:
1561:
1558:
1553:
1550:
1549:
1546:
1544:
1540:
1537:
1534:
1531:
1528:
1524:
1521:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1511:
1508:
1505:
1502:
1497:
1494:
1493:
1490:
1488:
1484:
1481:
1478:
1475:
1470:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1457:
1454:
1451:
1448:
1443:
1440:
1439:
1436:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1416:
1413:
1412:
1409:
1407:
1404:
1401:
1398:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1386:
1383:
1381:
1377:
1374:
1371:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1347:
1344:
1341:
1338:
1334:
1331:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1309:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1298:
1296:
1292:
1289:
1286:
1283:
1278:
1275:
1274:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1262:
1259:
1256:
1253:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1241:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1218:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1211:nom. superfl.
1209:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1186:
1184:
1180:
1177:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1150:
1147:
1144:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1120:
1117:
1112:
1109:
1108:
1105:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1079:
1076:
1074:
1071:
1068:
1065:
1062:
1059:
1054:
1051:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1041:
1038:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1025:
1022:
1021:
1018:
1016:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1004:
999:
996:
995:
992:
990:
989:nom. superfl.
987:
984:
981:
978:
975:
971:
968:
967:
964:
962:
961:nom. superfl.
959:
956:
953:
950:
947:
943:
940:
939:
936:
934:
930:
927:
924:
921:
918:
914:
910:
907:
906:
903:
901:
898:
895:
892:
889:
885:
882:
881:
878:
876:
873:
869:
866:
863:
860:
857:
853:
850:
849:
846:
844:
840:
837:
834:
831:
828:
824:
821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
803:
797:
795:
794:
789:
785:
781:
777:
772:
770:
766:
762:
758:
754:
750:
746:
742:
738:
733:
731:
727:
723:
722:Philip Miller
719:
715:
714:
708:
706:
702:
698:
697:
692:
691:Carl Linnaeus
688:
680:
676:
672:
665:
663:
660:
651:
647:
643:
639:
637:
632:
628:
624:
620:
613:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
587:
583:
579:
572:
568:
561:
559:
557:
553:
549:
545:
541:
537:
533:
529:
525:
524:
507:
504:
499:
496:
491:
488:
483:
476:
471:
464:
459:
452:
447:
444:
439:
436:
431:
428:
423:
420:
415:
412:
407:
400:
395:
388:
383:
380:
375:
372:
367:
364:
359:
356:
351:
348:
343:
340:
335:
332:
327:
324:
319:
316:
311:
308:
303:
300:
295:
292:
287:
284:
279:
276:
274:
265:
262:
258:
255:
250:
246:
241:
235:
231:
228:(Kümmerle ex
226:
219:
215:
208:
205:
200:
196:
192:
188:
183:
181:
175:
172:
171:Binomial name
168:
164:
163:
158:
155:
154:
151:
150:
146:
143:
142:
139:
136:
133:
132:
129:
126:
123:
122:
119:
116:
113:
110:
109:
106:
103:
100:
97:
96:
93:
90:
87:
84:
83:
80:
79:Tracheophytes
77:
74:
71:
70:
67:
64:
61:
60:
55:
50:
46:
43:
38:
34:
29:
26:
22:
19:
4461:
3905:
3874:
3847:. Retrieved
3832:
3825:
3813:. Retrieved
3809:
3803:
3796:
3784:. Retrieved
3769:
3762:
3750:. Retrieved
3738:
3734:
3724:
3707:
3703:
3699:
3693:
3676:
3672:
3666:
3633:
3629:
3623:
3611:. Retrieved
3606:
3602:
3592:
3580:. Retrieved
3574:
3567:
3555:. Retrieved
3549:
3542:
3530:. Retrieved
3525:
3519:
3516:AVH (2024).
3499:
3496:
3466:
3460:
3448:. Retrieved
3443:
3439:
3433:
3425:
3413:. Retrieved
3390:
3385:
3381:
3360:. Retrieved
3356:
3350:
3311:. Retrieved
3296:
3289:
3277:. Retrieved
3262:
3255:
3243:. Retrieved
3228:
3221:
3209:. Retrieved
3194:
3187:
3175:. Retrieved
3169:
3139:. Retrieved
3124:
3095:. Retrieved
3089:
3082:
3070:. Retrieved
3055:
3048:
3036:. Retrieved
3021:
3014:
3002:. Retrieved
2996:
2989:
2972:
2968:
2962:
2950:. Retrieved
2940:
2935:
2928:
2916:. Retrieved
2906:
2900:
2896:
2874:. Retrieved
2864:
2858:
2854:
2832:. Retrieved
2828:
2822:
2818:
2810:
2798:. Retrieved
2792:
2786:
2764:. Retrieved
2758:
2751:
2739:. Retrieved
2733:
2726:
2714:. Retrieved
2708:
2694:
2682:. Retrieved
2676:
2672:Prantl, Karl
2662:
2650:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2622:. Retrieved
2616:
2598:
2586:. Retrieved
2571:
2564:
2552:. Retrieved
2537:
2519:
2507:. Retrieved
2503:
2493:
2481:. Retrieved
2476:
2466:
2454:. Retrieved
2439:
2415:. Retrieved
2400:
2393:
2381:. Retrieved
2375:
2353:. Retrieved
2338:
2312:. Retrieved
2297:
2267:. Retrieved
2263:
2257:
2253:
2216:. Retrieved
2201:
2165:. Retrieved
2160:
2154:
2131:. Retrieved
2114:
2108:
2100:
2088:. Retrieved
2078:
2072:
2009:
2000:
1985:
1979:
1973:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1955:
1947:
1934:
1932:
1923:
1896:Maule Region
1884:
1869:
1867:
1856:
1848:
1839:
1828:
1824:
1823:
1801:
1797:
1795:
1789:
1781:Distribution
1772:
1766:
1760:
1754:
1748:
1742:
1736:
1730:
1722:
1711:
1705:
1700:
1698:
1692:
1675:
1671:
1659:
1655:
1653:
1648:
1644:
1639:
1634:
1630:
1623:
1619:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1598:
1588:
1574:
1565:
1551:
1542:
1538:
1522:
1513:
1509:
1495:
1486:
1482:
1468:
1459:
1455:
1441:
1432:
1428:
1414:
1405:
1388:
1379:
1375:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1332:
1323:
1319:
1303:
1294:
1290:
1276:
1267:
1263:
1250:Kümmerle ex
1246:
1237:
1233:
1219:
1207:
1191:
1182:
1178:
1164:
1155:
1151:
1137:
1128:
1124:
1110:
1101:
1097:
1081:
1069:
1052:
1043:
1039:
1023:
1014:
997:
985:
969:
957:
941:
932:
928:
908:
899:
883:
871:
867:
851:
842:
838:
822:
791:
787:
773:
768:
764:
756:
744:
734:
729:
725:
717:
711:
709:
707:as of 2024.
700:
694:
686:
684:
678:
674:
655:
649:
640:
625:. They have
618:
617:
611:
601:
593:
577:
576:
570:
555:
551:
547:
543:
540:coliseum ivy
539:
527:
522:
521:
520:
505:
497:
489:
477:
470:heterophylla
465:
453:
449:(L.) Mill.
445:
437:
429:
421:
413:
401:
389:
381:
373:
365:
357:
349:
341:
333:
325:
317:
309:
301:
293:
285:
277:
220:
209:
179:
177:
161:
160:
148:
111:
98:
85:
72:
24:
18:
4535:iNaturalist
4352:kew-2750549
4226:NatureServe
4128:iNaturalist
3930:Wikispecies
2012:groundcover
2006:Cultivation
1587:, all list
1575:As of 2024
1479:subspecies
1452:subspecies
1425:subspecies
1260:subspecies
1230:subspecies
769:Antirrhinum
696:Antirrhinum
659:phototropic
562:Description
536:naturalised
501:St.-Lag.
202:Subspecies
92:Angiosperms
4606:Categories
4347:Plant List
3987:Calflora:
3752:11 January
3741:(5): 363.
3679:(s1): 69.
3409:8391516148
3351:Cymbalaria
2975:(2): 265.
2716:17 January
2684:16 January
2652:16 January
2022:References
2016:USDA zones
1898:, and the
1888:Valparaíso
1817:, and the
1762:Lysimachia
1726:Kenilworth
1668:D. A. Webb
1595:Subspecies
1539:C. m.
1510:C. m.
1483:C. m.
1456:C. m.
1429:C. m.
1376:C. m.
1349:C. m.
1320:C. m.
1291:C. m.
1264:C. m.
1234:C. m.
1179:C. m.
1152:C. m.
1125:C. m.
1098:C. m.
1040:C. m.
929:C. m.
875:orth. var.
868:C. m.
839:C. m.
793:Cymbalaria
623:snapdragon
552:Oxford ivy
509:(L.) Raf.
473:Gerbault
461:Gerbault
149:Cymbalaria
4477:Q21870274
4094:242416396
4076:FloraBase
3849:3 January
3815:9 January
3786:9 January
3613:6 January
3582:9 January
3557:6 January
3532:6 January
3450:6 January
3415:5 January
3362:5 January
3313:5 January
3279:3 January
3245:3 January
3211:3 January
3177:5 January
3141:5 January
3097:4 January
3072:5 January
3038:4 January
3004:4 January
2952:4 January
2918:5 January
2876:5 January
2834:9 January
2823:pubescens
2800:1 January
2766:1 January
2741:1 January
2624:3 January
2588:6 January
2554:6 January
2509:6 January
2483:9 January
2456:9 January
2417:3 January
2383:6 January
2355:3 January
2314:3 January
2269:3 January
2218:4 January
2133:4 January
2090:1 January
1997:Edibility
1914:palm tree
1910:Epiphytic
1624:pubescens
1555:(L.) Raf.
417:A.Chev.
369:A.Chev.
361:A.Chev.
353:A.Chev.
321:Salisb.
187:G.Gaertn.
156:Species:
62:Kingdom:
4589:29206445
4584:Tropicos
4553:799067-1
4471:Wikidata
4422:VicFlora
4411:VASCAN:
4404:29204499
4399:Tropicos
4313:PalDat:
4265:NSWFlora
4231:2.142238
4169:10203101
4156:325773-2
4024:eFloraSA
3977:BioLib:
3915:Wikidata
3658:28316136
3122:(1998).
2901:visianii
2706:(1821).
2674:(1895).
2642:(1807).
2614:(1799).
2535:(1968).
2167:17 March
2127:Archived
2115:GBIF.org
1918:Auckland
1892:Santiago
1861:and the
1852:Droxford
1829:visianii
1660:visianii
1649:visianii
1616:visianii
1579:(POWO),
1562:species
1535:species
1506:species
1499:St.-Lag.
1445:Gerbault
1418:Gerbault
1402:species
1372:species
1345:species
1316:species
1287:species
1268:visianii
1204:species
1175:species
1148:species
1121:species
1094:species
1066:species
1036:species
1011:species
982:species
954:species
925:species
896:species
864:species
835:species
666:Taxonomy
602:visianii
590:petioles
582:biennial
493:Steud.
433:Moench
406:visianii
394:toutonii
337:Stokes
261:Synonyms
234:D.A.Webb
225:visianii
134:Family:
128:Lamiales
118:Asterids
105:Eudicots
4514:3740907
4213:MoBotPF
4107:8200663
4011:Ecocrop
3921:Q164270
3638:Bibcode
2899:subsp.
2859:muralis
2857:subsp.
2821:subsp.
2258:muralis
2256:subsp.
1952:Ecology
1929:Habitat
1875:Midwest
1827:subsp.
1811:Madeira
1802:muralis
1800:subsp.
1713:Linaria
1701:muralis
1647:subsp.
1635:muralis
1633:subsp.
1622:subsp.
1614:subsp.
1608:muralis
1606:subsp.
1601:autonym
1543:muralis
1541:subsp.
1514:muralis
1512:subsp.
1487:muralis
1485:subsp.
1460:muralis
1458:subsp.
1433:muralis
1431:subsp.
1380:muralis
1378:subsp.
1353:muralis
1351:subsp.
1324:muralis
1322:subsp.
1295:muralis
1293:subsp.
1280:A.Chev.
1266:subsp.
1238:muralis
1236:subsp.
1183:muralis
1181:subsp.
1156:muralis
1154:subsp.
1141:A.Chev.
1129:muralis
1127:subsp.
1114:A.Chev.
1102:muralis
1100:subsp.
1086:A.Chev.
1058:Wettst.
1044:muralis
1042:subsp.
974:Salisb.
933:muralis
931:subsp.
872:muralis
870:subsp.
843:muralis
841:subsp.
726:Linaria
713:Linaria
598:villous
594:muralis
458:globosa
289:Neck.
214:muralis
195:Scherb.
144:Genus:
124:Order:
66:Plantae
4560:NZOR:
4540:408943
4527:410206
4501:234535
4488:200598
4485:APDB:
4360:PLANTS
4277:NZOR:
4218:287088
4182:113719
4120:400188
4068:183224
4042:578386
3957:150328
3954:APDB:
3840:
3777:
3656:
3473:
3406:
3304:
3270:
3236:
3202:
3132:
3063:
3029:
2579:
2545:
2447:
2408:
2346:
2305:
2260:- FNA"
2209:
1894:, the
1813:, the
1807:Azores
1741:, and
1527:Steud.
1337:Moench
1028:Stokes
917:Benth.
913:Sieber
782:, and
681:, 1796
631:petals
627:sepals
614:flower
573:leaves
554:, and
441:Ten.
425:Raf.
385:Gray
313:Lam.
281:Ten.
223:subsp.
212:subsp.
193:&
191:B.Mey.
4434:WoI:
4391:57492
4336:PFI:
4306:75202
4288:NZPCN
4195:33579
4164:IRMNG
4143:14694
4140:IPA:
4133:55727
4063:EUNIS
4055:CBYMU
4016:13538
4003:33698
3980:40837
3970:93065
3944:APA:
3700:Myzus
1890:, in
1684:Names
1559:1840
1532:1821
1503:1889
1476:1902
1449:1917
1422:1922
1399:1768
1394:Mill.
1392:(L.)
1369:1831
1342:1794
1313:1840
1257:1925
1227:1947
1063:1891
1056:(L.)
1033:1812
1008:1806
1003:Pers.
979:1796
951:1779
922:1846
893:1753
861:1773
856:Neck.
832:1820
817:Ref.
811:Rank
808:Year
805:Name
482:minor
112:Clade
99:Clade
86:Clade
73:Clade
42:Italy
4571:POWO
4548:IPNI
4522:GRIN
4509:GBIF
4496:APNI
4414:7225
4373:POWO
4365:CYMU
4339:4834
4324:PfaF
4293:3775
4257:4166
4252:NCBI
4205:1939
4190:ITIS
4151:IPNI
4115:GRIN
4102:GBIF
4081:7053
4050:EPPO
3990:2552
3965:APNI
3947:5642
3851:2024
3838:ISBN
3817:2024
3788:2024
3775:ISBN
3754:2024
3654:PMID
3615:2024
3584:2024
3559:2024
3534:2024
3471:ISBN
3452:2024
3417:2024
3404:ISBN
3364:2024
3315:2024
3302:ISBN
3281:2024
3268:ISBN
3247:2024
3234:ISBN
3213:2024
3200:ISBN
3179:2024
3143:2024
3130:ISBN
3099:2024
3074:2024
3061:ISBN
3040:2024
3027:ISBN
3006:2024
2954:2024
2920:2024
2878:2024
2836:2024
2802:2024
2768:2024
2743:2024
2718:2024
2686:2024
2654:2024
2626:2024
2590:2024
2577:ISBN
2556:2024
2543:ISBN
2511:2024
2485:2024
2458:2024
2445:ISBN
2419:2024
2406:ISBN
2385:2024
2357:2024
2344:ISBN
2316:2024
2303:ISBN
2271:2024
2220:2024
2207:ISBN
2169:2024
2135:2024
2092:2024
1992:Uses
1920:, NZ
1771:and
1753:and
1718:flax
1610:and
1365:Ten.
1308:Raf.
1252:Jáv.
1196:Gray
946:Lam.
827:Ten.
636:spur
480:var.
468:var.
456:var.
297:L.
270:List
254:GBIF
230:Jáv.
4445:WFO
4437:890
4386:RHS
4239:NBN
4177:ISC
4089:FNA
4037:EoL
3998:CoL
3743:doi
3712:doi
3681:doi
3677:105
3646:doi
3396:doi
2977:doi
2938:L."
2119:doi
1708:ivy
1662:by
1658:f.
915:ex
755:as
4608::
4586::
4573::
4550::
4537::
4524::
4511::
4498::
4473::
4447::
4424::
4401::
4388::
4375::
4362::
4349::
4326::
4303::
4290::
4267::
4254::
4241::
4228::
4215::
4192::
4179::
4166::
4153::
4130::
4117::
4104::
4091::
4078::
4065::
4052::
4039::
4026::
4013::
4000::
3967::
3932::
3917::
3808:.
3739:29
3737:.
3733:.
3708:36
3706:.
3675:.
3652:.
3644:.
3634:19
3632:.
3607:41
3605:.
3601:.
3524:.
3508:^
3485:^
3442:.
3438:.
3402:.
3372:^
3355:.
3323:^
3151:^
3107:^
2973:65
2971:.
2945:.
2911:.
2905:.
2886:^
2869:.
2863:.
2844:^
2827:.
2791:.
2776:^
2702:;
2670:;
2610:;
2606:;
2531:;
2527:;
2502:.
2427:^
2365:^
2324:^
2279:^
2262:.
2228:^
2177:^
2159:.
2143:^
2125:.
2117:.
2113:.
2083:.
2077:.
2030:^
1916:,
1902:.
1821:.
1809:,
1735:,
888:L.
778:,
558:.
550:,
546:,
542:,
404:f.
392:f.
232:)
189:,
114::
101::
88::
75::
3853:.
3819:.
3802:"
3790:.
3756:.
3745::
3718:.
3714::
3687:.
3683::
3660:.
3648::
3640::
3617:.
3586:.
3561:.
3536:.
3522:"
3518:"
3479:.
3454:.
3444:2
3419:.
3398::
3366:.
3353:"
3349:"
3317:.
3283:.
3249:.
3215:.
3181:.
3145:.
3101:.
3076:.
3042:.
3008:.
2983:.
2979::
2956:.
2934:"
2922:.
2895:"
2880:.
2861:"
2853:"
2838:.
2825:"
2817:"
2804:.
2785:"
2770:.
2745:.
2720:.
2688:.
2656:.
2628:.
2592:.
2558:.
2513:.
2487:.
2460:.
2421:.
2387:.
2359:.
2318:.
2273:.
2252:"
2222:.
2171:.
2157:"
2137:.
2121::
2094:.
2071:"
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
