2171:
1955:
1945:
1925:
1915:
327:. As she began learning this language, she realized the need for a programming language that was more accessible and understandable for children. Throughout her research studies in education, Solomon worked full-time as a computer teacher in elementary and secondary schools. Her work has mainly focused on research on human-computer interaction and children as designers. While working at
156:
27:
1935:
472:, where students could understand, predict and reason about the turtle's motion by imagining what they would do if they were the turtle. There are substantial differences among the many dialects of Logo, and the situation is confused by the regular appearance of turtle graphics programs that call themselves Logo.
480:
Solomon began to develop Logo after coming to the realization that children needed a programming language of their own. Solomon directed the creation of educational materials for the One Laptop per Child
Foundation, and her doctoral research at Harvard led to the publication of the critical book,
351:
Cambridge
Research Laboratory. Solomon worked on the program committee of Constructing Modern Knowledge and the Marvin Minsky Institute for Artificial Intelligence in 2016. Further, she has published many writings based on research in the field of child education and technology in the classroom.
485:. This book explores the opportunities and challenges presented regarding having computers in learning environments. Focused specifically on elementary school mathematics, Solomon discusses the role of computers in innovative learning theories. Solomon is also the co-author of
591:(NCWIT) Pioneer Award. Solomon received a Lifetime Achievement Award at Constructionism 2016. She introduced the Seymour Papert memorial lecture at CrossRoads 2018, and facilitated conversation about new uses for the program in education and to a new demographic of users.
427:
Foundation. Solomon is still a leading worker for the foundation and directed the creation of educational materials for it. She continued teaching, consulting, and her scholarship while working with several esteemed research labs and foundations.
343:. The language was created to teach concepts of programming related to Lisp. Solomon has attained many accomplishments in her life such as being the vice president of R&D for Logo Computer Systems, Inc., when
448:
computer programming language in 1967. This language was for children to experiment with words, solve math problems, make-up stories, and create their own games. Logo is widely known for its use of
1606:
456:. In the 1970s, a new development of Logo was introduced allowing the program to be viewed in multiple colors. The language was created to teach concepts of programming related to
588:
235:
2250:
759:
1515:
2200:
2230:
2205:
1991:
1612:
1009:
493:. Along with many other research projects and writings contributing to the knowledge of children's learning environments in conjunction with technology.
55:
35:
2175:
1959:
1919:
1242:
2225:
752:
372:
where she received her Master of
Science (M.S.) in computer science in 1976. She then received her Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) in education at
2210:
1600:
786:
409:
320:
269:
2265:
1949:
1939:
1651:
575:
The BBN-LISP System. 85. (1966). Bobrow, Daniel & L. Darley, D & L. Murphy, Daniel & Solomon, Cynthia & Teitelman, Warren.
2215:
889:
1727:
1707:
1617:
1461:
791:
745:
2240:
2235:
1278:
128:
1929:
1722:
1686:
1025:
715:
368:
Solomon received her
Bachelor of Arts (B.A.) in history at Radcliffe College in the early 1960s. Subsequently, she studied at
109:
1046:
1030:
875:
81:
822:
523:
Twenty Things to Do with a
Computer (1971). Papert, Seymour, and Solomon, Cynthia. http://dspace.mit.edu/handle/1721.1/5836
2255:
2245:
1795:
1387:
1079:
1000:
662:
59:
51:
1569:
1233:
1056:
827:
88:
2081:
2000:
1833:
1381:
1148:
1094:
1071:
1035:
855:
768:
457:
445:
420:
340:
324:
221:
452:, in which commands for movement and drawing produced line graphics, either on screen or with a small robot called a
40:
1984:
1343:
1323:
1308:
1293:
1213:
529:
Teaching young children to program in a LOGO turtle computer culture. ACM Sigcue
Outlook (1978). Solomon, Cynthia.
352:
Solomon has conducted workshops in elementary schools, high schools, and colleges regarding academic research and
44:
1977:
1764:
1396:
1268:
990:
864:
172:
95:
1924:
1681:
1494:
1104:
837:
811:
416:
385:
328:
273:
376:
in 1985. Intermittently while completing her schooling, Solomon worked for several years as a researcher with
404:
for seven years. She also became the
Technology Integration Coordinator at Monsignor Haddad Middle School in
2143:
1856:
77:
2195:
1499:
1338:
984:
949:
922:
461:
405:
514:
2220:
1808:
1510:
1466:
1444:
966:
801:
719:
401:
557:
Designing educational computer environment for children. (1995). Druin, Allison & Solomon, Cynthia.
2260:
1712:
1666:
1434:
716:"Media Alert: Computing Pioneer Cynthia Solomon to Deliver Inaugural Seymour Papert Memorial Lecture"
637:
424:
357:
259:
225:
608:
917:
845:
1818:
1803:
1755:
1661:
944:
898:
536:
Apple II – Apple Logo: Reference Manual & Introduction to
Programming Through Turtle Graphics
373:
308:
210:
66:
319:
in the fields of computer science, and educational computing. While working as a researcher at
1894:
1813:
1780:
1414:
1298:
548:
369:
204:
200:
195:
578:
Designing multimedia environments for children (2018). Druin, Allison & Solomon, Cynthia.
102:
1760:
1732:
1646:
1564:
1373:
353:
312:
255:
191:
560:
Designing
Multimedia Environments for Children (1996). Druin, Allison and Solomon, Cynthia.
356:. She continues to contribute to the field by speaking at conferences and working with the
2153:
1866:
1641:
1532:
1083:
955:
938:
449:
323:(MIT), Solomon took it upon herself to understand and program in the programming language
534:
2148:
2138:
2133:
2044:
2014:
1861:
1851:
1846:
1785:
1656:
1061:
796:
453:
441:
437:
397:
381:
336:
332:
516:
Computer
Environments for Children: A Reflection on Theories of Learning and Education
483:
Computer Environments for Children: A Reflection on Theories of Learning and Education
2189:
1823:
1770:
1750:
1702:
1671:
1353:
490:
377:
526:
Leading a Child to a Computer Culture. ACM SIGCUE Outlook. (1976). Solomon, Cynthia.
1889:
1422:
832:
816:
563:
2128:
2039:
1841:
1775:
1742:
1694:
1676:
1427:
1237:
1020:
907:
870:
806:
688:
572:
Select a Performance Management System (Infoline ASTD) (2009). Solomon, Cynthia.
501:
467:
423:. Solomon maintained a long relationship working with the MIT Media Lab and the
2090:
2019:
1717:
1574:
1559:
1358:
1259:
1249:
1109:
933:
344:
155:
2112:
2060:
1969:
1579:
1273:
1089:
1066:
1041:
961:
737:
566:, Marvin Minsky on Education (2009). Edited by Cynthia Solomon and Xiao Xiao
316:
569:
Culture Audits: Supporting Organizational Success (2004). Solomon, Cynthia.
2065:
1363:
1348:
1333:
1223:
1218:
1166:
1127:
840:
2070:
2034:
2029:
2024:
1584:
1505:
1328:
1318:
1303:
1263:
1228:
1171:
1161:
1156:
1051:
1881:
1391:
1288:
1254:
1200:
1189:
1181:
1119:
1015:
979:
1471:
1313:
1283:
1195:
928:
413:
348:
279:
396:
After receiving her B.A. at Radcliffe College, Solomon taught at
1401:
1099:
971:
295:
1973:
741:
339:, to create the first programming language for children, named
65:
from the article and its talk page, especially if potentially
20:
497:
1607:
MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
547:
Solomon, Cynthia; Minsky, Margaret; Harvey, Brian (1985).
693:
National Center for Women & Information Technology
589:
National Center for Women & Information Technology
464:
language. Later, Logo also enabled what Papert called
419:
Research Laboratory due to her success in developing
2121:
2102:
2079:
2053:
2007:
1880:
1832:
1794:
1741:
1630:
1593:
1552:
1545:
1525:
1487:
1480:
1454:
1443:
1413:
1372:
1180:
1147:
1140:
1118:
999:
906:
897:
888:
854:
775:
290:
265:
251:
231:
217:
187:
179:
165:
143:
1516:Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs
663:"Media: Blog: Q & A with Dr. Cynthia Solomon"
240:Constructionism Lifetime Achievement Award, 2016
347:Logo was developed and was the Director of the
487:Designing Multimedia Environments for Children
1985:
753:
8:
496:Solomon is still teaching, mainly using the
2251:Harvard Graduate School of Education alumni
1613:Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory
1992:
1978:
1970:
1914:
1634:
1549:
1484:
1451:
1144:
903:
894:
779:
760:
746:
738:
154:
140:
58:about living persons that is unsourced or
129:Learn how and when to remove this message
714:Hasenhuttl, Lauren (December 6, 2017).
600:
550:LogoWorks: Challenging Programs in Logo
2201:People from Somerville, Massachusetts
1601:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
432:Logo, children's programming language
410:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
321:Massachusetts Institute of Technology
7:
1934:
632:
630:
543:Logo Power (1984). Solomon, Cynthia.
431:
2231:Artificial intelligence researchers
311:known for her work in popularizing
2206:American women computer scientists
1618:University of California, Berkeley
1462:Scheme Requests for Implementation
14:
1279:Knowledge Engineering Environment
2170:
2169:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1913:
476:Contributions to child education
25:
2226:Programming language designers
1:
1388:Common Lisp Interface Manager
722:, USA: Infosys Foundation USA
282:Cambridge Research Laboratory
2211:American computer scientists
787:Automatic storage management
36:biography of a living person
2266:21st-century American women
1036:Game Oriented Assembly Lisp
169:1938 (age 85–86)
63:must be removed immediately
2282:
2216:Computer science educators
2103:Other variants, extensions
412:hired Solomon to lead the
2167:
2001:Logo programming language
1911:
1637:
865:Common Lisp Object System
782:
769:Lisp programming language
587:In 2016, Solomon won the
533:Solomon, Cynthia (1982).
513:Solomon, Cynthia (1986).
500:based jigsaw programming
286:
244:
173:Somerville, Massachusetts
153:
2241:Boston University alumni
2236:Radcliffe College alumni
1565:Bolt, Beranek and Newman
1495:Common Lisp the Language
386:Bolt, Beranek and Newman
329:Bolt, Beranek and Newman
274:Bolt, Beranek and Newman
444:, Cynthia designed the
315:for students. She is a
1500:How to Design Programs
1339:Portable Standard Lisp
985:Steel Bank Common Lisp
950:Embeddable Common Lisp
923:Armed Bear Common Lisp
802:Higher-order functions
667:Infosys Foundation USA
462:functional programming
408:. Then, in the 1980s,
406:Needham, Massachusetts
50:Please help by adding
1809:Shriram Krishnamurthi
1511:Practical Common Lisp
1467:Common Lisp HyperSpec
991:Symbolics Common Lisp
967:Macintosh Common Lisp
720:Palo Alto, California
402:Milton, Massachusetts
277:Logo Computer Systems
2256:MIT Media Lab people
2246:Apple Inc. employees
1713:Robert Tappan Morris
1667:Robert Bruce Findler
1435:Space-cadet keyboard
846:Tree data structures
823:Read–eval–print loop
425:One Laptop per Child
384:at MIT and later at
358:One Laptop per Child
260:Technology education
226:Technology education
56:Contentious material
1455:Technical standards
918:Allegro Common Lisp
695:. February 26, 2016
238:Pioneer Award, 2016
1819:Gerald Jay Sussman
1804:Matthias Felleisen
1756:Richard P. Gabriel
1687:Richard Greenblatt
1662:Matthias Felleisen
945:Corman Common Lisp
669:. December 6, 2017
615:. January 15, 2019
374:Harvard University
331:, she worked with
309:computer scientist
211:Harvard University
16:Computer scientist
2183:
2182:
1967:
1966:
1907:
1906:
1903:
1902:
1895:Robin Popplestone
1814:Guy L. Steele Jr.
1781:Guy L. Steele Jr.
1626:
1625:
1541:
1540:
1409:
1408:
1299:Lisp Machine Lisp
1209:
1208:
1136:
1135:
884:
883:
718:(Press release).
689:"Cynthia Solomon"
609:"Cynthia Solomon"
370:Boston University
302:
301:
246:Scientific career
205:Boston University
196:Radcliffe College
139:
138:
131:
113:
78:"Cynthia Solomon"
39:needs additional
2273:
2173:
2172:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1971:
1957:
1956:
1947:
1946:
1937:
1936:
1927:
1917:
1916:
1761:Philip Greenspun
1733:Richard Stallman
1647:Daniel G. Bobrow
1635:
1550:
1485:
1452:
1374:Operating system
1145:
904:
895:
780:
762:
755:
748:
739:
732:
731:
729:
727:
711:
705:
704:
702:
700:
685:
679:
678:
676:
674:
659:
653:
652:
650:
648:
642:el.media.mit.edu
634:
625:
624:
622:
620:
605:
554:
540:
520:
313:computer science
298:
256:Computer science
158:
141:
134:
127:
123:
120:
114:
112:
71:
52:reliable sources
29:
28:
21:
2281:
2280:
2276:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2271:
2270:
2186:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2163:
2159:Cynthia Solomon
2154:Mitchel Resnick
2117:
2098:
2075:
2049:
2003:
1998:
1968:
1963:
1899:
1876:
1872:Cynthia Solomon
1867:Mitchel Resnick
1828:
1790:
1737:
1691:Timothy P. Hart
1652:William Clinger
1642:Edmund Berkeley
1622:
1589:
1537:
1533:ProgramByDesign
1521:
1476:
1446:
1439:
1405:
1368:
1205:
1176:
1132:
1114:
995:
956:GNU Common Lisp
939:CMU Common Lisp
909:
890:Implementations
880:
850:
771:
766:
736:
735:
725:
723:
713:
712:
708:
698:
696:
687:
686:
682:
672:
670:
661:
660:
656:
646:
644:
636:
635:
628:
618:
616:
607:
606:
602:
597:
585:
564:Inventive Minds
546:
532:
512:
509:
478:
450:turtle graphics
434:
394:
392:Accomplishments
366:
307:is an American
305:Cynthia Solomon
294:
278:
276:
272:
258:
239:
224:
208:
199:
175:
170:
161:
160:Cynthia Solomon
149:
146:
145:Cynthia Solomon
135:
124:
118:
115:
72:
70:
49:
30:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
2279:
2277:
2269:
2268:
2263:
2258:
2253:
2248:
2243:
2238:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2218:
2213:
2208:
2203:
2198:
2188:
2187:
2181:
2180:
2168:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2149:Seymour Papert
2146:
2141:
2139:Wally Feurzeig
2136:
2134:Denison Bollay
2131:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2118:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2096:
2093:
2087:
2085:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2045:MicroWorlds JR
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2015:Acornsoft Logo
2011:
2009:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1997:
1996:
1989:
1982:
1974:
1965:
1964:
1912:
1909:
1908:
1905:
1904:
1901:
1900:
1898:
1897:
1892:
1886:
1884:
1878:
1877:
1875:
1874:
1869:
1864:
1862:Seymour Papert
1859:
1854:
1852:Wally Feurzeig
1849:
1847:Denison Bollay
1844:
1838:
1836:
1830:
1829:
1827:
1826:
1821:
1816:
1811:
1806:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1786:Daniel Weinreb
1783:
1778:
1773:
1768:
1758:
1753:
1747:
1745:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1730:
1725:
1720:
1715:
1710:
1705:
1700:
1697:
1692:
1689:
1684:
1679:
1674:
1669:
1664:
1659:
1657:R. Kent Dybvig
1654:
1649:
1644:
1638:
1632:
1628:
1627:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1604:
1597:
1595:
1591:
1590:
1588:
1587:
1582:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1560:Apple Computer
1556:
1554:
1547:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1538:
1536:
1535:
1529:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1520:
1519:
1513:
1508:
1503:
1497:
1491:
1489:
1482:
1478:
1477:
1475:
1474:
1469:
1464:
1458:
1456:
1449:
1441:
1440:
1438:
1437:
1432:
1431:
1430:
1419:
1417:
1411:
1410:
1407:
1406:
1404:
1399:
1394:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1370:
1369:
1367:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1291:
1286:
1281:
1276:
1271:
1266:
1257:
1252:
1247:
1231:
1226:
1221:
1216:
1210:
1207:
1206:
1204:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1186:
1184:
1178:
1177:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1164:
1159:
1153:
1151:
1142:
1141:Unstandardized
1138:
1137:
1134:
1133:
1131:
1130:
1124:
1122:
1116:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1107:
1102:
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1074:
1069:
1064:
1062:MIT/GNU Scheme
1059:
1054:
1049:
1044:
1039:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1005:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
993:
988:
982:
977:
974:
969:
964:
959:
953:
947:
942:
936:
931:
926:
920:
914:
912:
901:
892:
886:
885:
882:
881:
879:
878:
873:
868:
861:
859:
852:
851:
849:
848:
843:
835:
830:
825:
820:
814:
809:
804:
799:
797:Dynamic typing
794:
789:
783:
777:
773:
772:
767:
765:
764:
757:
750:
742:
734:
733:
706:
680:
654:
638:"Logo History"
626:
599:
598:
596:
593:
584:
581:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
567:
561:
558:
555:
544:
541:
530:
527:
524:
521:
508:
505:
477:
474:
442:Wally Feurzeig
438:Seymour Papert
436:Together with
433:
430:
398:Milton Academy
393:
390:
382:Seymour Papert
365:
362:
337:Seymour Papert
333:Wally Feurzeig
300:
299:
292:
288:
287:
284:
283:
267:
263:
262:
253:
249:
248:
242:
241:
233:
229:
228:
219:
218:Known for
215:
214:
189:
185:
184:
181:
177:
176:
171:
167:
163:
162:
159:
151:
150:
147:
144:
137:
136:
60:poorly sourced
33:
31:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2242:
2239:
2237:
2234:
2232:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2217:
2214:
2212:
2209:
2207:
2204:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2196:Living people
2194:
2193:
2191:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2145:
2142:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2132:
2130:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2120:
2114:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2101:
2094:
2092:
2089:
2088:
2086:
2083:
2078:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2058:
2056:
2052:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2038:
2036:
2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2021:
2018:
2016:
2013:
2012:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1990:
1988:
1983:
1981:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1962:
1961:
1952:
1951:
1942:
1941:
1932:
1931:
1926:
1922:
1921:
1910:
1896:
1893:
1891:
1888:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1873:
1870:
1868:
1865:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1853:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1835:
1831:
1825:
1824:Julie Sussman
1822:
1820:
1817:
1815:
1812:
1810:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1797:
1793:
1787:
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1774:
1772:
1771:David A. Moon
1769:
1766:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1751:Scott Fahlman
1749:
1748:
1746:
1744:
1740:
1734:
1731:
1729:
1728:Steve Russell
1726:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1709:
1708:John McCarthy
1706:
1704:
1703:David Luckham
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1690:
1688:
1685:
1683:
1680:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1672:Matthew Flatt
1670:
1668:
1665:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1650:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1629:
1619:
1616:
1614:
1611:
1608:
1605:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1583:
1581:
1578:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1561:
1558:
1557:
1555:
1551:
1548:
1546:Organizations
1544:
1534:
1531:
1530:
1528:
1524:
1517:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1498:
1496:
1493:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1470:
1468:
1465:
1463:
1460:
1459:
1457:
1453:
1450:
1448:
1442:
1436:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1425:
1424:
1421:
1420:
1418:
1416:
1412:
1403:
1400:
1398:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1379:
1377:
1375:
1371:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1350:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1340:
1337:
1335:
1332:
1330:
1327:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1300:
1297:
1295:
1292:
1290:
1287:
1285:
1282:
1280:
1277:
1275:
1272:
1270:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1258:
1256:
1253:
1251:
1248:
1245:
1244:
1239:
1235:
1232:
1230:
1227:
1225:
1222:
1220:
1217:
1215:
1212:
1211:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1191:
1188:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1179:
1173:
1170:
1168:
1165:
1163:
1160:
1158:
1155:
1154:
1152:
1150:
1146:
1143:
1139:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1123:
1121:
1117:
1111:
1108:
1106:
1103:
1101:
1098:
1096:
1093:
1091:
1088:
1085:
1081:
1078:
1076:Pocket Scheme
1075:
1073:
1070:
1068:
1065:
1063:
1060:
1058:
1055:
1053:
1050:
1048:
1045:
1043:
1040:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:
1007:
1006:
1004:
1002:
998:
992:
989:
986:
983:
981:
978:
975:
973:
970:
968:
965:
963:
960:
957:
954:
951:
948:
946:
943:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
924:
921:
919:
916:
915:
913:
911:
905:
902:
900:
896:
893:
891:
887:
877:
874:
872:
869:
866:
863:
862:
860:
857:
853:
847:
844:
842:
839:
836:
834:
833:S-expressions
831:
829:
826:
824:
821:
818:
817:M-expressions
815:
813:
810:
808:
805:
803:
800:
798:
795:
793:
790:
788:
785:
784:
781:
778:
774:
770:
763:
758:
756:
751:
749:
744:
743:
740:
721:
717:
710:
707:
694:
690:
684:
681:
668:
664:
658:
655:
643:
639:
633:
631:
627:
614:
613:Exploratorium
610:
604:
601:
594:
592:
590:
582:
577:
574:
571:
568:
565:
562:
559:
556:
552:
551:
545:
542:
538:
537:
531:
528:
525:
522:
518:
517:
511:
510:
506:
504:
503:
499:
494:
492:
491:Allison Druin
488:
484:
475:
473:
471:
469:
468:body-syntonic
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
429:
426:
422:
418:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
391:
389:
387:
383:
379:
378:Marvin Minsky
375:
371:
363:
361:
359:
355:
350:
346:
342:
338:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
314:
310:
306:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
275:
271:
268:
264:
261:
257:
254:
250:
247:
243:
237:
234:
230:
227:
223:
220:
216:
212:
206:
202:
197:
193:
190:
186:
183:United States
182:
178:
174:
168:
164:
157:
152:
142:
133:
130:
122:
119:November 2018
111:
108:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80: –
79:
75:
74:Find sources:
68:
64:
61:
57:
53:
47:
46:
42:
37:
32:
23:
22:
19:
2221:Atari people
2174:
2158:
2144:Brian Harvey
1958:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1890:Rod Burstall
1871:
1857:Brian Harvey
1423:Lisp machine
1380:
1241:
1008:
899:Standardized
838:Self-hosting
819:(deprecated)
807:Linked lists
792:Conditionals
724:. Retrieved
709:
697:. Retrieved
692:
683:
671:. Retrieved
666:
657:
645:. Retrieved
641:
617:. Retrieved
612:
603:
586:
549:
535:
515:
495:
486:
482:
479:
465:
435:
395:
367:
360:Foundation.
304:
303:
266:Institutions
245:
125:
116:
106:
99:
92:
85:
73:
62:
45:verification
38:
18:
2261:1938 births
2129:Hal Abelson
2040:MicroWorlds
1842:Hal Abelson
1776:Kent Pitman
1743:Common Lisp
1695:Louis Hodes
1682:Paul Graham
1677:Phyllis Fox
1447:of practice
1428:TI Explorer
1021:Chez Scheme
871:CommonLoops
502:Turtlestich
296:Logo Things
180:Citizenship
2190:Categories
2091:ObjectLOGO
2084:extensions
2054:Extensions
2020:Atari Logo
1723:David Park
1718:Joel Moses
1699:Mike Levin
1575:Lucid Inc.
1526:Curriculum
1359:Spice Lisp
1260:Franz Lisp
1250:Emacs Lisp
1110:TinyScheme
934:Clozure CL
595:References
470:reasoning"
89:newspapers
2113:LibreLogo
2095:ExperLogo
2061:Lego Logo
1765:10th rule
1594:Education
1580:Symbolics
1570:Harlequin
1481:Education
1445:Community
1274:Interlisp
1090:Scheme 48
1067:MultiLisp
1042:GNU Guile
962:LispWorks
828:Recursion
699:April 17,
647:April 17,
619:April 17,
417:Cambridge
364:Education
188:Education
41:citations
2176:Category
2066:StarLogo
1960:Category
1950:Category
1553:Business
1415:Hardware
1364:Zetalisp
1349:S-1 Lisp
1334:Picolisp
1224:BBN LISP
1219:AutoLISP
1167:StarLogo
1128:OpenLisp
1084:features
841:compiler
776:Features
726:July 30,
673:July 30,
507:Writings
67:libelous
2071:NetLogo
2035:UCBLogo
2030:FMSLogo
2025:MSWLogo
2008:Classic
1940:Commons
1609:(CSAIL)
1585:Xanalys
1506:On Lisp
1329:PC-LISP
1319:newLISP
1304:Maclisp
1264:PC-LISP
1243:history
1229:Clojure
1192:(POP-1)
1172:UCBLogo
1162:NetLogo
1157:MSWLogo
1052:JScheme
1026:Chicken
1010:History
941:(CMUCL)
876:Flavors
858:systems
489:, with
354:writing
317:pioneer
291:Website
103:scholar
2122:People
2109:ARLOGO
2082:object
1796:Scheme
1631:People
1518:(SICP)
1502:(HTDP)
1397:Genera
1392:McCLIM
1289:LeLisp
1255:EuLisp
1201:POP-11
1190:COWSEL
1120:ISLISP
1080:Racket
1047:Ikarus
1038:(GOAL)
1031:Gambit
1016:Bigloo
1001:Scheme
987:(SBCL)
980:Poplog
976:Movitz
925:(ABCL)
908:Common
867:(CLOS)
856:Object
812:Macros
583:Honors
454:turtle
252:Fields
232:Awards
213:, 1985
207:, 1976
198:, 1959
105:
98:
91:
84:
76:
2080:With
1930:Books
1603:(MIT)
1488:Books
1472:X3J13
1354:SKILL
1314:MLisp
1284:*Lisp
1238:Apple
1234:Dylan
1196:POP-2
958:(GCL)
952:(ECL)
929:CLISP
498:Snap!
414:Atari
349:Atari
345:Apple
280:Atari
236:NCWIT
209:PhD,
110:JSTOR
96:books
34:This
1920:List
1834:Logo
1402:Scsh
1382:List
1149:Logo
1100:SIOD
1072:Pico
1057:Kawa
972:Mocl
910:Lisp
728:2019
701:2019
675:2019
649:2019
621:2019
460:, a
458:Lisp
446:Logo
440:and
421:Logo
380:and
341:Logo
335:and
325:Lisp
222:Logo
166:Born
82:news
43:for
1882:POP
1344:RPL
1324:NIL
1309:MDL
1294:LFE
1214:Arc
1182:POP
1095:SCM
400:in
270:MIT
148:PhD
2192::
1390:,
1269:Hy
1262:,
1240:,
691:.
665:.
640:.
629:^
611:.
388:.
203:,
201:MS
194:,
192:BA
54:.
1993:e
1986:t
1979:v
1767:)
1763:(
1246:)
1236:(
1105:T
1086:)
1082:(
761:e
754:t
747:v
730:.
703:.
677:.
651:.
623:.
553:.
539:.
519:.
466:"
132:)
126:(
121:)
117:(
107:·
100:·
93:·
86:·
69:.
48:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.