86:
317:
265:
117:
231:
100:
1317:
206:
1049:
1061:
278:
987:
698:
1237:
3266:
1407:
465:
252:
706:
1013:—land grants—to soldiers under the condition that they and their families would stay there permanently. An action of far-reaching importance because the predefined soldiers became the nucleus of the island's Turkish community. During the 17th century the Turkish population grew rapidly, partly by Greek conversion (including
1395:. Edhem Pasha, who served as governor in the 1840s, completed the construction of the Larnaca-Nicosia road and several bridges. Governor Mehmet Halet in the 1850s further improved the road network and harbour of Larnaca and established a grain store and market in Nicosia to encourage cattle breeding.
630:
of the city for about a year, from
September 1570 until August 1571. When the Ottomans eventually breached the fortifications, a massacre of most remaining Christians in the city followed, despite the Ottoman commander previously agreeing that in return for the city's surrender, Christians would be
1347:
The authorities also encouraged the construction and improvement of artificial channels for water supply and irrigation, which greatly increased crop yield and allowed large-scale fruit production. Among villages described as prosperous due to artificial irrigation upon the
British takeover of the
1210:
and the
Ottoman Empire according to terms dictated by the former, it was officially announced on 9 July 1878 that on the 4th of preceding June, the British and the Sultan had secretly countersigned the Convention of Constantinople by virtue of which the possession and administration of Cyprus was
1044:
became not only religious but ethnic leader as well, something the
Ottoman Turks promoted, wanting to have somebody responsible for the loyalty of the Greek flock. In this way, the Church undertook the task of the guardian of the Greek cultural legacy until the island was ceded to Britain.
848:, the Cypriot Orthodox Church argued that Cyprus had lost importance, that trade volume had decreased and that people were emigrating. It thus requested a change in the administrative status as Cyprus could not afford remaining an eyalet. Thus, in 1670, Cyprus became a sanjak under the
911:
was killed amidst a chaotic environment caused by his rule. Meanwhile, the ongoing war with Russia meant a deterioration in the people's welfare. Thus, on the request of the
Archbishop and the Dragoman, Cyprus was placed directly under the administration of the
1376:, who visited Cyprus in 1879, noted "mills turned by water" and "narrow lanes streaming with water" in Lefka. He also wrote that "every garden and farm was irrigated by water conducted from the mountains in artificial channels" in the northern slopes of the
1272:
in
Nicosia. These buildings were later modified for use and thus synthesised with distinctly Ottoman elements. Gothic architecture also influenced Ottoman architecture in the island as Gothic elements were used by the Ottomans, such as in the minaret of
1017:) joined to them. Most of the Turks who had settled on the island during the three centuries of Ottoman rule remained when control of Cyprus—although not sovereignty—was ceded to Britain in 1878. The distinction between the two groups was by both
681:
in one of the decisive battles in general — and naval battles in particular — of world history. The victory over the
Ottomans, however, came too late to help Cyprus, and the island remained under Ottoman rule for the next three centuries.
1956:
892:
Greek
Cypriots had two very important administrative positions: the Archbishop, who headed the Orthodox Church, was recognized as the sole representative of the Greek Cypriot population from the 1670s onwards, and the
3377:
884:
was given the power to collect taxes, as well as increased political and military authority. Between 1745 and 1748, Cyprus briefly became an eyalet again. These three years, especially the reign of governor
977:
of Cyprus, as well as given the drought and ravages of locusts, Cyprus was made an independent mutasarrifate once again in 1870. This arrangement lasted until 1878, when the
British took over the island.
3190:
635:
had his ears and nose cut off and, after thrown in prison for two weeks, he was dragged round the walls with sacks of earth and stone on his back, then tied naked to a column in the main square and
1949:
1148:
1260:, however, there are some features that make it distinctly Cypriot. This stems from the fact that, whilst leaving Greek Orthodox churches intact, many buildings used by the Catholics, built in
2837:
595:
In the summer of 1570, the
Ottomans struck again, but this time with a full-scale invasion rather than a raid. About 60,000 troops, including cavalry and artillery, under the command of
1942:
3788:
1300:
in Cyprus. This figure is believed to be a major underestimation by archaeologist Tuncer Bağışkan. Two of the most prominent Muslim religious sites built in the Ottoman period are
1198:
showed increasing interest in the island, which is situated in what had suddenly become a very convenient location. When the Ottomans were defeated by the Russians in 1877 and the
642:
The fall of Famagusta marked the end of the Venetian rule and the beginning of the Ottoman period in Cyprus, with Lala Mustafa Pasha becoming the island’s first Turkish Governor.
990:
Traditional clothing of (from right to left) a Christian resident of Ammochostos (Famagusta, Cyprus), a Christian woman of Magossa, and a Greek monk of the Monastery of Tchiko (
3783:
673:, and some other Italian states. Four months later, on 7 October, the naval forces of the League, composed mainly of Venetian, Spanish, and Papal ships under the command of
2653:
1907:
Michael, Michalis N.; Kappler, Matthias; Gavriel, Eftihios (eds.). Ottoman Cyprus. A Collection of Studies on History and Culture. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz Verlag, 2009.
1141:
2014:
1965:
866:
were the tax collectors. This magnified their power and resulted in discontent, with the rivalry between them causing a two-year long revolt in the 1680s, led by
658:
2830:
2725:
1931:
Sant Cassia, Paul. "Religion, politics and ethnicity in Cyprus during the Turkocratia(1571–1878)." Archives Europeennes de Sociologie, Tome XXVII, No. 1, 1986
3286:
1292:. Bazaars were very important parts of Ottoman commercial lives and in 1872, 23 bazaars were present in Nicosia alone, each with its own specialty. In 1883,
924:
s lacked some of their old powers, which greatly increased the influence of the Orthodox clergy as they became tax collectors. In 1839, with the reforms of
1195:
1134:
493:
1706:
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spread, and a few days later Mustafa took Kyrenia without having to fire a shot. The citizens of Famagusta, on the other hand, led by Venetian commander
1849:
555:
3803:
3411:
1076:
2975:
2823:
3018:
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889:(1746–48), were a period of development and relative prosperity. After the end of Ebubekir Pasha's tenure, Cyprus reverted to its former status.
870:. This proved that the existing system caused a power vacuum and was ineffective, so in 1703 Cyprus was placed directly under the control of the
1892:
Katsiaounis, Rolandos. Labour, society and politics in Cyprus during the second half of the 19th century. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 1996.
701:
Administrative map of Cyprus drawn by the British in 1878, showing the Ottoman administrative division of the island at the time of the handover
316:
3798:
3630:
3251:
1889:
Jennings, Ronald C. Christians and Muslims in Ottoman Cyprus and the Mediterranean world, 1571–1640. New York: New York University Press, 1993.
85:
2912:
2720:
1671:
1560:
Monello, G. (2006) Accadde a Famagosta, l'assedio turco ad una fortezza veneziana ed il suo sconvolgente finale", Cagliari, Scepsi e Mattana.
1288:
in Nicosia, considered to be some of the finest examples of Ottoman architecture in the island. The best known of the many libraries is the
406:
1324:
The Ottoman administration brought a significant improvement to Cyprus in terms of water supply. The most notable example of this is the
3680:
3423:
998:
The Ottoman occupation brought about two radical changes to the history of the island: A new ethnic element appeared on the island, the
2714:
1112:
928:, the island once again became a sanjak of the Eyalet of the Archipelago but gained significant autonomy. The island was governed by a
543:
1216:
1032:
to Cyprus, which allowed religious authorities to govern their own non-Muslim minorities. This system reinforced the position of the
3658:
1880:
1764:
1732:
913:
3746:
3031:
1420:
1391:
In the 19th century, a major effort was undertaken by a series of Ottoman governors to straighten and regulate the course of the
1613:
486:
1097:
3216:
2935:
1449:
1102:
760:(Trablusşam) on the mainland were placed under the administration of the Cyprus eyalet. Cyprus was also divided into several
1925:
Ross, L. A journey to Cyprus. (February and March 1845). (C. D.Cobham translator). Nicosia: Government Printing House, 1910.
1904:
Mariti, Giovanni. Travels in the island of Cyprus. (C. D. Cobham translator). London: Zeno, 1971. (Reprint of 1909 edition.)
534:, which was annexed into the Empire in 1571. The Ottomans changed the way they administered Cyprus multiple times. It was a
99:
833:. The sanjak of Tripoli, however, was removed from the jurisdiction of Cyprus in 1573 due to its distance and given to the
3615:
3301:
1041:
612:
569:
451:
3474:
3316:
3197:
3540:
3389:
3096:
3011:
2569:
1867:
Gazioglu, Ahmet C. The Turks in Cyprus: A province of the Ottoman Empire (1571–1878). London: Rustem & Bro., 1990.
1178:
mob seized and hanged an archbishop, five bishops, thirty six ecclesiastics, and hanged most of the Greek Cypriots in
1092:
436:
353:
845:
3702:
3547:
3508:
3226:
2581:
2450:
2424:
962:
479:
296:
3593:
3565:
3321:
3131:
3083:
2143:
1922:
Proxenika egrafa tou 19o aionos. (Consular documents of the 19th century.) Nicosia: Cyprus Research Centre, 1980.
1622:
1265:
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1033:
849:
539:
446:
371:
346:
2087:
3675:
3544:
3311:
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1703:
1269:
678:
511:
49:
35:
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rule, the Ottomans at times raided Cyprus. In 1489, the first year of Venetian control, Ottomans attacked the
2815:
1256:, schools and libraries were built in Cyprus. Ottoman architecture in Cyprus is closely linked to mainstream
3793:
3520:
3459:
3352:
2465:
1316:
3715:
3653:
3640:
3484:
3406:
3394:
3357:
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3004:
2740:
2508:
2434:
1597:
1297:
1289:
1117:
867:
632:
623:
116:
105:
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and the other towns. By September 1822, sixty-two Cypriot villages and hamlets had entirely disappeared.
3469:
3454:
3399:
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3221:
2796:
2786:
2735:
2324:
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1569:
Madden, Thomas F (2012) Venice : A New History (Hardback). New York: Viking. ISBN 978-0-670-02542-8
1203:
863:
686:
283:
1505:
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3241:
3061:
2871:
2755:
2392:
2138:
2026:
1325:
1257:
1919:
Papadopoullos, T. Social and historical data on population:1570–1881. Nicosia: Zavallis Press, 1965.
974:
908:
3687:
3530:
3525:
3489:
3428:
3384:
3296:
3274:
3091:
1341:
1261:
1048:
674:
441:
1928:
Salvator, Louis. Levkosia: The capital of Cyprus. London Trigraph,1983. (Reprint of 1881 edition.)
837:. The sanjaks of İçel, Alâiye and Tarsus were also removed in 1610 and given to the newly created
3610:
3570:
3555:
3340:
3326:
3048:
2970:
2776:
2750:
2704:
2699:
2497:
2440:
2168:
1934:
1425:
1122:
942:
s with their own administrative and judicial councils. A sanjak administrative council, in which
775:
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666:
650:
627:
596:
561:
326:
2213:
1615:
MALİYEDEN MÜDEVVER (MAD.d) 03618 NUMARALI KIBRIS CİZYE DEFTERİ (TRANSKRİPSİYON VE DEĞERLENDİRME)
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and prior to its construction, local residents had to carry water on their backs for two hours.
1274:
3739:
3692:
3580:
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3479:
3442:
3291:
3210:
3180:
3154:
3111:
3101:
3071:
3039:
2709:
2672:
2475:
2455:
2072:
1901:
Luke, Harry. Cyprus under the Turks, 1571–1878. London: Hurst, 1969.(Reprint of 1921 edition.)
1876:
1760:
1728:
1667:
1661:
1486:
1377:
1305:
1301:
1296:
reports published by the British authorities in Cyprus listed 81 mosques that belonged to the
1220:
1060:
1053:
876:
799:
670:
611:, public building, and palace was looted. Only women and boys who were captured to be sold as
608:
565:
383:
305:
1898:
Kyrris, Costas, P. The Kanakaria documents, 1666–1850. Nicosia: Cyprus Research Center, 1978.
3665:
3535:
3464:
3231:
3139:
2940:
2781:
2689:
2538:
2533:
2345:
2264:
2117:
2107:
2102:
1381:
1337:
999:
973:, and the long distance made the administration impractical. With the efforts of Archbishop
757:
729:
1895:
Koumoulides, John. Cyprus and the war of Greek Independence, 1821–1829. London: Zeno, 1974.
1754:
986:
3755:
3710:
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3620:
3598:
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3159:
3121:
2985:
2960:
2945:
2930:
2876:
2861:
2791:
2684:
2677:
2620:
2543:
2445:
2259:
2233:
2208:
2203:
2077:
2057:
2031:
2004:
1710:
1199:
834:
388:
270:
211:
1281:
1211:
vested in Great Britain. As exchange for control of Cyprus, the UK agreed to support the
925:
3720:
3648:
3367:
3236:
3185:
2980:
2965:
2955:
2907:
2892:
2847:
2564:
2559:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2503:
2429:
2418:
2320:
2283:
2198:
2193:
2163:
2092:
2082:
2067:
1724:
1329:
1285:
1212:
1207:
1175:
1171:
1082:
1006:
943:
886:
741:
662:
577:
546:(1703–1745 and 1748–1784); and again an eyalet for the short period from 1745 to 1748.
527:
418:
413:
378:
224:
91:
69:
1056:, built in 1817, was one of many landmarks constructed by the Ottoman Turks in Cyprus.
3777:
3760:
3418:
3106:
2902:
2866:
2630:
2625:
2604:
2599:
2576:
2513:
2470:
2460:
2413:
2408:
2373:
2249:
2228:
2188:
2173:
2158:
2148:
2122:
2112:
2062:
2021:
2009:
1412:
1357:
1029:
958:
954:
930:
858:
853:
469:
1236:
697:
3603:
3116:
2897:
2771:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2304:
2299:
2271:
2223:
2218:
2183:
2153:
2052:
2047:
1491:
1373:
1249:
871:
838:
749:
709:
654:
358:
1873:
A History of Cyprus, Volume 4: The Ottoman Province. The British Colony, 1571–1948
1453:
970:
1388:, streams were diverted into artificial channels to supply water to the village.
3670:
2481:
2178:
2097:
1014:
856:, the head of the Ottoman Navy. This control was exercised through an appointed
646:
607:. The city fell on September 9, 1570; 20,000 Nicosians were massacred and every
3246:
1402:
1191:
1037:
961:. However, this changed again in 1868, when Cyprus became a sanjak under the
121:
Ottoman Cyprus in 1609 in red. The rest of the Ottoman Empire in light-yellow
17:
3144:
2730:
803:
721:
581:
1542:
Foglietta, U. (1903) The Sieges of Nicosia and Famagusta. London: Waterlow.
3149:
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1864:
Foglietta, U. The sieges of Nicosia and Famagusta. London:Waterlow, 1903.
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811:
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619:
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333:
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system. This would not last long, as the vilayet was administered from
966:
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and other minorities were proportionally represented, was established.
823:
807:
795:
787:
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767:
753:
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604:
589:
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129:
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1985:
1245:
991:
947:
783:
745:
737:
733:
717:
535:
531:
523:
257:
65:
1850:
Cyprus under Ottoman Empire by Official Republic of Cyprus Web site
904:
administration slowly became more and more dysfunctional. In 1764,
2996:
1361:
1315:
1235:
1059:
1047:
985:
791:
704:
696:
1064:
The Limassol Medieval Castle was rebuilt in 1590 by the Ottomans.
685:
In 1573 the Venetians left Cyprus, removing the influence of the
1293:
829:
762:
3000:
2819:
2651:
2366:
1976:
1938:
1551:
Alvise Zorzi (1988) La République du Lion, Histoire de Venise.
1170:
effort that began in 1821, leading to severe reprisals by the
736:: Famagusta, Kyrenia and Paphos. Additionally, the sanjaks of
542:
from 1670 to 1703, and again from 1784 onwards; a fief of the
1518:
The Ottoman Empire 1326–1699 (Essential Histories Series #62)
1332:
between 1746 and 1748. This aqueduct supplied fresh water to
1601:. Vol. 25. Türk Diyanet Vakfı. 2002. pp. 374–380.
897:, chosen from the candidates determined by the Archbishop.
732:, was appointed to the post. Cyprus was divided into three
716:
As soon as Nicosia was conquered, Cyprus was declared an
1727:
C. Hurst & Co Publishers Ltd (September 30, 1989)
1264:, were converted into mosques or palaces, such as the
1501:
1499:
1002:, while Cypriots now had a new ruler, the Ottomans.
3701:
3639:
3579:
3507:
3441:
3339:
3273:
3168:
3130:
3082:
3047:
3038:
2923:
2885:
2854:
2764:
2665:
2613:
2592:
2552:
2490:
2401:
2385:
2313:
2292:
2242:
2131:
2040:
1997:
1280:The two surviving caravanserais are the monumental
572:. In 1539 the Ottoman fleet attacked and destroyed
245:
161:
151:
139:
125:
32:
1202:took place the next year in order to revise the
1015:converts who retained some pre-Islamic practices
1531:Confrontation at Lepanto: Christendom Vs. Islam
1040:of the ethnic Greek population. Gradually, the
1966:Administrative divisions of the Ottoman Empire
1860:, Turkish Cypriot Association of Museum Lovers
1714:, Cambridge University Press (1908) p. 454-455
626:, put up a heroic resistance which led to the
3789:States and territories disestablished in 1878
3012:
2831:
1950:
1487:An Historical Geography of the Ottoman Empire
1142:
487:
8:
2846:Administrative regions and provinces of the
1915:(in Turkish). Istanbul: İletişim Yayınları.
1819:. The Mouflon Book and Art Centre. p. 94-98
1666:. Cambridge University Press. p. 378.
1587:
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
3784:States and territories established in 1571
3513:
3447:
3345:
3279:
3044:
3019:
3005:
2997:
2838:
2824:
2816:
2662:
2648:
2382:
2363:
1994:
1973:
1957:
1943:
1935:
1913:Kıbrıs'ın Sosyo-Ekonomik Tarihi: 1726-1750
1244:During the Ottoman era, numerous mosques,
1149:
1135:
1072:
494:
480:
290:
115:
29:
880:. To reduce the powers of the aghas, the
592:, but most other cities were easy prey.
1817:Nicosia: Capital of Cyprus Then and Now
1441:
1340:, built between 1801 and 1803, and the
1219:. This agreement was formalised as the
1075:
304:
293:
124:
1450:"Some Provinces of the Ottoman Empire"
953:In 1861, Cyprus became an independent
568:, pillaging and taking captives to be
178:
174:
160:
150:
146:
134:
7:
1344:aqueduct supplied water to Nicosia.
938:s were consolidated into six larger
920:being directly appointed. These new
862:. However, under this system, local
677:, defeated the Turkish fleet at the
515:
53:
39:
1248:, churches, public baths, bazaars,
603:on July 2, 1570, and laid siege to
3495:2012–2013 Cypriot financial crisis
1756:Dictionary of Islamic Architecture
1725:Cyprus under the Turks, 1571–1878
1166:Many Greek Cypriots supported the
1077:Rise of nationalism in the Balkans
874:, administered on his behalf by a
852:, under the direct control of the
631:guaranteed safe passage to Crete.
25:
3659:Greek Cypriots in Northern Cyprus
3804:1748 disestablishments in Europe
3264:
1421:Hadjigeorgakis Kornesios Mansion
1405:
1174:. On 15 October 1821, a massive
957:under the direct control of the
556:Ottoman–Venetian War (1570–1573)
463:
315:
276:
263:
250:
229:
204:
98:
84:
1858:Kıbrıs'ta Osmanlı Türk Eserleri
2715:Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
1875:. Cambridge University Press.
1815:Keshishian, Kevork K. (1978).
1328:, built under the auspices of
720:under the administration of a
580:, the Venetians had fortified
1:
3799:1571 establishments in Europe
1978:
1452:. Geonames.de. Archived from
1227:Architecture and public works
576:. Fearing the ever-expanding
2726:Principality of Transylvania
965:under the newly established
27:Ottoman province (1571–1878)
1069:Greek independence movement
1038:ethno-religious institution
712:depicting Famagusta in 1703
3820:
3287:Cities, towns and villages
1660:George Hill (2010-09-23).
1529:Hopkins, T. C. F. (2007).
1520:. Osprey Publishing. p. 58
1516:Turnbull, Stephen (2003).
1475:Library of the US Congress
963:Vilayet of the Archipelago
728:, the former beylerbey of
653:, a coalition between the
553:
550:Ottoman raids and conquest
3733:
3516:
3450:
3348:
3282:
3262:
3102:Achaemenid Persian Empire
2731:Principality of Wallachia
2661:
2647:
2381:
2362:
1993:
1972:
1911:Özkul, Ali Efdal (2005).
1856:Bağışkan, Tuncer (2005),
1759:. Routledge. p. 58.
1753:Petersen, Andrew (2002).
1623:Adnan Menderes University
1593:"Kıbrıs (Osmanlı Dönemi)"
1266:Lala Mustafa Pasha Mosque
1028:The Ottomans applied the
850:Eyalet of the Archipelago
846:Ottoman conquest of Crete
540:Eyalet of the Archipelago
530:made up of the island of
183:
179:
175:
171:
147:
135:
114:
80:
75:
64:
2746:Principality of Bulgaria
2695:Principality of Moldavia
1612:Gökdemir, Rahim (2012),
3521:Cypriot nationality law
2736:Principality of Romania
1701:Claude Delaval Cobham,
3217:Intercommunal violence
3067:Cypro-Minoan syllabary
2936:Bosnia and Herzegovina
2741:Principality of Serbia
1321:
1241:
1081:Nationalism under the
1065:
1057:
995:
868:Boyacıoğlu Mehmed Agha
713:
702:
693:Administrative history
624:Marco Antonio Bragadin
599:landed unopposed near
538:(sub-province) of the
163:• Disestablished
3222:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
2797:Principality of Samos
1871:Hill, George (1952).
1319:
1239:
1204:Treaty of San Stefano
1063:
1051:
989:
821:s each had their own
708:
700:
687:Roman Catholic Church
554:Further information:
284:Akrotiri and Dhekelia
3681:Settlers from Turkey
3631:World Heritage Sites
3242:Cypriot S-300 crisis
2756:Septinsular Republic
2015:Muhammad Ali dynasty
1326:Bekir Pasha Aqueduct
1320:Bekir Pasha Aqueduct
1298:Evkaf Administration
1290:Library of Mahmud II
1258:Ottoman architecture
1206:which was signed by
1042:Archbishop of Cyprus
3092:Neo-Assyrian Empire
1663:A History of Cyprus
1598:İslam Ansiklopedisi
1506:Library of Congress
1262:Gothic architecture
1217:Russian-Turkish War
994:), near Lefka, 1873
844:However, after the
675:Don John of Austria
153:• Established
3475:Telecommunications
3198:Post-1878 overview
2777:Khedivate of Egypt
2751:Kingdom of Imereti
2705:Republic of Ragusa
2700:Sharifate of Mecca
1828:Gazioğlu, p. 143-7
1806:Gazioğlu, p. 138-9
1709:2015-05-18 at the
1426:Siege of Famagusta
1322:
1242:
1168:Greek independence
1066:
1058:
996:
916:in 1785, with the
726:Lala Mustafa Pasha
714:
703:
667:Republic of Venice
597:Lala Mustafa Pasha
526:(province) of the
3769:
3768:
3729:
3728:
3693:Maronite Cypriots
3688:Armenian Cypriots
3541:COVID-19 pandemic
3503:
3502:
3437:
3436:
3424:Political parties
3390:Foreign relations
3335:
3334:
3260:
3259:
3181:Cyprus Convention
3112:Ptolemaic dynasty
3097:Ten city-kingdoms
3072:Cypriot syllabary
2994:
2993:
2813:
2812:
2809:
2808:
2805:
2804:
2710:Serbian Despotate
2673:Cossack Hetmanate
2643:
2642:
2639:
2638:
2358:
2357:
2354:
2353:
1673:978-1-108-02065-7
1380:extending to the
1378:Kyrenia Mountains
1338:Silihtar aqueduct
1306:Arab Ahmet Mosque
1302:Hala Sultan Tekke
1268:in Famagusta and
1221:Cyprus Convention
1159:
1158:
1085:
1054:Hala Sultan Tekke
679:Battle of Lepanto
671:Republic of Genoa
570:sold into slavery
566:Karpass Peninsula
504:
503:
470:Cyprus portal
384:Kingdom of Cyprus
354:Ten city-kingdoms
289:
288:
241:
240:
237:
236:
217:
216:
92:Flag (after 1844)
16:(Redirected from
3811:
3749:
3742:
3666:Turkish Cypriots
3514:
3448:
3346:
3280:
3268:
3227:Turkish invasion
3140:Byzantine Cyprus
3045:
3021:
3014:
3007:
2998:
2840:
2833:
2826:
2817:
2782:Kurdish emirates
2690:Khanate of Kazan
2663:
2649:
2383:
2364:
1995:
1983:
1980:
1974:
1959:
1952:
1945:
1936:
1916:
1886:
1861:
1838:
1837:Gazioğlu, p. 142
1835:
1829:
1826:
1820:
1813:
1807:
1804:
1798:
1795:
1789:
1788:Bağışkan, p. 13.
1786:
1780:
1779:Bağışkan, p. 12.
1777:
1771:
1770:
1750:
1744:
1741:
1735:
1721:
1715:
1699:
1693:
1692:Gazioğlu, p. 99.
1690:
1684:
1683:
1681:
1680:
1657:
1651:
1650:Gazioğlu, p. 98.
1648:
1642:
1641:Gazioğlu, p. 97.
1639:
1633:
1632:
1631:
1629:
1620:
1609:
1603:
1602:
1589:
1570:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1552:
1549:
1543:
1540:
1534:
1533:. Macmillan p.82
1527:
1521:
1514:
1508:
1503:
1494:
1483:
1477:
1472:
1466:
1465:
1463:
1461:
1446:
1415:
1410:
1409:
1408:
1382:Karpas Peninsula
1194:opened, and the
1151:
1144:
1137:
1080:
1073:
914:Imperial Council
645:On 25 May 1571,
517:
508:Eyalet of Cyprus
496:
489:
482:
468:
467:
466:
431:History by topic
319:
309:
291:
282:
280:
279:
269:
267:
266:
256:
254:
253:
233:
232:
221:
220:
208:
207:
201:
200:
185:
184:
119:
102:
88:
55:
41:
33:Eyalet-i Ḳıbrıṣ
30:
21:
3819:
3818:
3814:
3813:
3812:
3810:
3809:
3808:
3774:
3773:
3770:
3765:
3752:
3745:
3738:
3725:
3697:
3635:
3575:
3566:Public holidays
3499:
3433:
3373:Northern Cyprus
3331:
3269:
3256:
3164:
3126:
3122:Diaspora revolt
3078:
3034:
3025:
2995:
2990:
2976:North Macedonia
2919:
2881:
2850:
2844:
2814:
2801:
2792:Eastern Rumelia
2760:
2721:Duchy of Syrmia
2685:Crimean Khanate
2678:Ottoman Ukraine
2657:
2635:
2609:
2588:
2548:
2486:
2466:Mamuret-ul-Aziz
2397:
2377:
2350:
2309:
2288:
2238:
2127:
2036:
1989:
1981:
1968:
1963:
1910:
1883:
1870:
1855:
1841:
1836:
1832:
1827:
1823:
1814:
1810:
1805:
1801:
1797:Bağışkan, p. 7.
1796:
1792:
1787:
1783:
1778:
1774:
1767:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1743:Bağışkan, p. 6.
1742:
1738:
1723:Sir Harry Luke
1722:
1718:
1711:Wayback Machine
1700:
1696:
1691:
1687:
1678:
1676:
1674:
1659:
1658:
1654:
1649:
1645:
1640:
1636:
1627:
1625:
1618:
1611:
1610:
1606:
1591:
1590:
1573:
1568:
1564:
1559:
1555:
1550:
1546:
1541:
1537:
1528:
1524:
1515:
1511:
1504:
1497:
1484:
1480:
1473:
1469:
1459:
1457:
1456:on 3 March 2016
1448:
1447:
1443:
1434:
1411:
1406:
1404:
1401:
1314:
1304:in Larnaca and
1270:Selimiye Mosque
1234:
1229:
1200:Berlin Congress
1188:
1164:
1155:
1118:North Macedonia
1079:
1071:
1034:Orthodox Church
984:
835:Damascus Eyalet
695:
558:
552:
520:Eyālet-i Ḳıbrıṣ
512:Ottoman Turkish
500:
464:
462:
457:
456:
447:Ancient pottery
432:
424:
423:
409:
399:
398:
389:Venetian Cyprus
379:Theme of Cyprus
374:
364:
363:
349:
339:
338:
329:
307:
300:
277:
275:
274:
271:Northern Cyprus
264:
262:
260:
251:
249:
230:
212:Venetian Cyprus
205:
164:
154:
120:
110:
109:
108:
103:
95:
94:
89:
60:
58:
56:
50:Ottoman Turkish
48:
46:
44:
42:
36:Ottoman Turkish
34:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3817:
3815:
3807:
3806:
3801:
3796:
3794:Ottoman Cyprus
3791:
3786:
3776:
3775:
3767:
3766:
3764:
3763:
3758:
3751:
3750:
3743:
3735:
3734:
3731:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3724:
3723:
3718:
3713:
3707:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3685:
3684:
3683:
3678:
3673:
3663:
3662:
3661:
3656:
3649:Greek Cypriots
3645:
3643:
3637:
3636:
3634:
3633:
3628:
3623:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3607:
3606:
3596:
3591:
3585:
3583:
3577:
3576:
3574:
3573:
3568:
3563:
3558:
3553:
3552:
3551:
3550:hybrid variant
3533:
3528:
3523:
3517:
3511:
3505:
3504:
3501:
3500:
3498:
3497:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3470:Stock Exchange
3467:
3462:
3457:
3451:
3445:
3439:
3438:
3435:
3434:
3432:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3415:
3414:
3404:
3403:
3402:
3392:
3387:
3382:
3381:
3380:
3378:UN resolutions
3375:
3368:Cyprus dispute
3365:
3360:
3355:
3349:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3329:
3324:
3319:
3314:
3309:
3304:
3299:
3294:
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3270:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3257:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3244:
3239:
3237:Cyprus dispute
3234:
3229:
3224:
3219:
3214:
3207:
3200:
3195:
3194:
3193:
3186:British Cyprus
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3136:
3134:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3114:
3109:
3104:
3099:
3094:
3088:
3086:
3080:
3079:
3077:
3076:
3075:
3074:
3069:
3059:
3053:
3051:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3024:
3023:
3016:
3009:
3001:
2992:
2991:
2989:
2988:
2983:
2978:
2973:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2925:
2921:
2920:
2918:
2917:
2916:
2915:
2910:
2908:Southern Syria
2900:
2895:
2889:
2887:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2858:
2856:
2852:
2851:
2848:Ottoman Empire
2845:
2843:
2842:
2835:
2828:
2820:
2811:
2810:
2807:
2806:
2803:
2802:
2800:
2799:
2794:
2789:
2787:Mamluk of Iraq
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2766:
2762:
2761:
2759:
2758:
2753:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2723:
2718:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2692:
2687:
2682:
2681:
2680:
2669:
2667:
2659:
2658:
2656:and autonomies
2652:
2645:
2644:
2641:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2634:
2633:
2628:
2623:
2617:
2615:
2611:
2610:
2608:
2607:
2602:
2596:
2594:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2586:
2585:
2584:
2574:
2573:
2572:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2550:
2549:
2547:
2546:
2541:
2536:
2531:
2526:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2509:Constantinople
2506:
2501:
2494:
2492:
2488:
2487:
2485:
2484:
2479:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2453:
2448:
2443:
2438:
2435:Constantinople
2432:
2427:
2422:
2416:
2411:
2405:
2403:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2389:
2387:
2379:
2378:
2374:mutasarrıfates
2367:
2360:
2359:
2356:
2355:
2352:
2351:
2349:
2348:
2343:
2338:
2333:
2328:
2325:Mamluk of Iraq
2317:
2315:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2307:
2302:
2296:
2294:
2290:
2289:
2287:
2286:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2257:
2252:
2246:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2231:
2226:
2221:
2216:
2211:
2206:
2201:
2196:
2191:
2186:
2181:
2176:
2171:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2146:
2141:
2135:
2133:
2129:
2128:
2126:
2125:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2044:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2035:
2034:
2029:
2024:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2007:
2001:
1999:
1991:
1990:
1977:
1970:
1969:
1964:
1962:
1961:
1954:
1947:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1929:
1926:
1923:
1920:
1917:
1908:
1905:
1902:
1899:
1896:
1893:
1890:
1887:
1881:
1868:
1865:
1862:
1853:
1846:
1845:
1840:
1839:
1830:
1821:
1808:
1799:
1790:
1781:
1772:
1765:
1745:
1736:
1716:
1704:Exerpta Cypria
1694:
1685:
1672:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1621:(in Turkish),
1604:
1571:
1562:
1553:
1544:
1535:
1522:
1509:
1495:
1478:
1467:
1440:
1439:
1438:
1433:
1430:
1429:
1428:
1423:
1417:
1416:
1400:
1397:
1330:Ebubekir Pasha
1313:
1312:Infrastructure
1310:
1286:Kumarcilar Han
1233:
1230:
1228:
1225:
1213:Ottoman Empire
1196:United Kingdom
1187:
1184:
1172:Ottoman Empire
1163:
1160:
1157:
1156:
1154:
1153:
1146:
1139:
1131:
1128:
1127:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1087:
1086:
1083:Ottoman Empire
1070:
1067:
1007:Ottoman Empire
983:
982:Social history
980:
975:Sophronios III
909:Çil Osman Agha
887:Ebubekir Pasha
694:
691:
663:Habsburg Spain
578:Ottoman Empire
551:
548:
528:Ottoman Empire
502:
501:
499:
498:
491:
484:
476:
473:
472:
459:
458:
455:
454:
449:
444:
439:
433:
430:
429:
426:
425:
422:
421:
419:Cyprus problem
416:
414:British Cyprus
410:
405:
404:
401:
400:
397:
396:
394:Ottoman Cyprus
391:
386:
381:
375:
370:
369:
366:
365:
362:
361:
356:
350:
345:
344:
341:
340:
337:
336:
330:
325:
324:
321:
320:
312:
311:
302:
301:
294:
287:
286:
247:
243:
242:
239:
238:
235:
234:
227:
225:British Cyprus
218:
215:
214:
209:
197:
196:
191:
181:
180:
177:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
165:
162:
159:
158:
155:
152:
149:
148:
145:
144:
141:
137:
136:
133:
132:
127:
123:
122:
112:
111:
104:
97:
96:
90:
83:
82:
81:
78:
77:
73:
72:
70:Ottoman Empire
62:
61:
47:Sancağı Ḳıbrıṣ
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3816:
3805:
3802:
3800:
3797:
3795:
3792:
3790:
3787:
3785:
3782:
3781:
3779:
3772:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3753:
3748:
3744:
3741:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3722:
3719:
3717:
3714:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3682:
3679:
3677:
3674:
3672:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3664:
3660:
3657:
3655:
3652:
3651:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3638:
3632:
3629:
3627:
3624:
3622:
3619:
3617:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3597:
3595:
3592:
3590:
3587:
3586:
3584:
3582:
3578:
3572:
3569:
3567:
3564:
3562:
3559:
3557:
3554:
3549:
3546:
3542:
3539:
3538:
3537:
3534:
3532:
3529:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3506:
3496:
3493:
3491:
3488:
3486:
3483:
3481:
3478:
3476:
3473:
3471:
3468:
3466:
3463:
3461:
3458:
3456:
3453:
3452:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3440:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3413:
3410:
3409:
3408:
3405:
3401:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3393:
3391:
3388:
3386:
3383:
3379:
3376:
3374:
3371:
3370:
3369:
3366:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3356:
3354:
3353:Chief Justice
3351:
3350:
3347:
3344:
3342:
3338:
3328:
3325:
3323:
3320:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3310:
3308:
3305:
3303:
3300:
3298:
3295:
3293:
3290:
3288:
3285:
3284:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3267:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3245:
3243:
3240:
3238:
3235:
3233:
3230:
3228:
3225:
3223:
3220:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3212:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3201:
3199:
3196:
3192:
3189:
3188:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3160:Venetian rule
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3135:
3133:
3129:
3123:
3120:
3118:
3115:
3113:
3110:
3108:
3107:Ionian Revolt
3105:
3103:
3100:
3098:
3095:
3093:
3090:
3089:
3087:
3085:
3081:
3073:
3070:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3063:
3060:
3058:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3033:
3029:
3022:
3017:
3015:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2999:
2987:
2984:
2982:
2979:
2977:
2974:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2964:
2962:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
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2570:Mount Lebanon
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2016:
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2002:
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1987:
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1882:9780511751738
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1773:
1768:
1766:9781134613656
1762:
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1740:
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1734:
1733:1-85065-072-1
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1413:Cyprus portal
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1030:millet system
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1003:
1001:
993:
988:
981:
979:
976:
972:
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959:Sublime Porte
956:
955:mutasarrifate
951:
949:
945:
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937:
933:
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927:
923:
919:
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861:
860:
855:
854:Kapudan Pasha
851:
847:
842:
840:
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832:
831:
826:
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820:
815:
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664:
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637:skinned alive
634:
629:
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621:
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615:were spared.
614:
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244:
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118:
113:
107:
101:
93:
87:
79:
74:
71:
67:
63:
51:
37:
31:
19:
18:Cyprus Eyalet
3771:
3716:Coat of arms
3641:Demographics
3485:Trade unions
3395:Human rights
3358:Constitution
3252:EU accession
3209:
3202:
3176:Ottoman rule
3175:
3117:Roman Cyprus
2950:
2872:Tripolitania
2772:Cretan State
2451:Hüdavendigâr
2393:Tripolitania
2254:
2088:Hüdavendigâr
2027:Tripolitania
1912:
1872:
1857:
1844:Bibliography
1833:
1824:
1816:
1811:
1802:
1793:
1784:
1775:
1755:
1748:
1739:
1719:
1702:
1697:
1688:
1677:. Retrieved
1662:
1655:
1646:
1637:
1626:, retrieved
1614:
1607:
1596:
1565:
1556:
1547:
1538:
1530:
1525:
1517:
1512:
1492:Google Books
1485:
1481:
1470:
1458:. Retrieved
1454:the original
1444:
1390:
1374:Samuel Baker
1346:
1323:
1308:in Nicosia.
1279:
1277:in Larnaca.
1243:
1232:Architecture
1190:In 1869 the
1189:
1165:
1027:
1010:
1004:
997:
952:
939:
935:
929:
926:Abdülmecid I
921:
917:
905:
901:
899:
891:
881:
875:
872:Grand Vizier
857:
843:
839:Adana Eyalet
828:
822:
818:
816:
761:
715:
710:Chalcography
684:
655:Papal States
644:
641:
618:Word of the
617:
594:
559:
544:Grand Vizier
519:
507:
505:
393:
261:
194:Succeeded by
193:
188:
106:Coat of arms
54:سانجاغى قبرص
3671:Linobambaki
3455:Agriculture
3400:LGBT rights
3302:Earthquakes
3145:Arab Empire
3062:Eteocypriot
3049:Prehistoric
2717:(1672–1676)
2614:Mesopotamia
2425:Archipelago
2368:1867–1922 (
2314:Mesopotamia
2169:Herzegovina
2144:Archipelago
1982: 1365
1460:25 February
1348:island are
1113:Herzegovina
651:Holy League
649:formed the
647:Pope Pius V
452:Earthquakes
442:Ancient art
327:Prehistoric
306:History of
189:Preceded by
3778:Categories
3611:Literature
3363:Corruption
3247:Annan Plan
2971:Montenegro
2765:Autonomies
2498:Adrianople
2441:Diyarbekir
2437:(Istanbul)
2139:Adrianople
2073:Diyarbekir
1679:2013-05-28
1432:References
1342:Arab Ahmet
1275:Cami Kebir
1192:Suez Canal
931:mutasarrıf
859:mütesellim
754:Zülkadriye
516:ایالت قبرص
57:1670–1703
45:1745–1748
43:1571–1670
40:ایالت قبرص
3531:Education
3526:Languages
3490:Transport
3429:President
3385:Elections
3317:Mountains
3297:Districts
3275:Geography
3191:Governors
2582:Jerusalem
2478:(Trabzon)
2476:Trebizond
2456:Kastamonu
2346:Shahrizor
2265:Jerusalem
2118:Trebizond
2108:Kurdistan
2103:Kastamonu
1282:Büyük Han
1240:Büyük Han
1186:1869–1878
1162:1821–1829
971:Çanakkale
804:Famagusta
722:beylerbey
582:Famagusta
522:) was an
359:Roman Era
76:1571–1878
59:1784–1878
3756:Category
3676:diaspora
3654:diaspora
3571:Religion
3407:Military
3341:Politics
3327:Wildlife
3232:Refugees
3150:Crusades
3132:Medieval
3032:articles
2941:Bulgaria
2539:Salonica
2534:Manastir
2500:(Edirne)
2421:(Ankara)
2402:Anatolia
2370:vilayets
2260:Damascus
2214:Temeşvar
2209:Silistra
2204:Salonica
2078:Dulkadir
2058:Anatolia
2041:Anatolia
1984:– 1867 (
1707:Archived
1628:26 April
1399:See also
1354:Lapithos
1254:medreses
1103:Bulgaria
1023:language
1019:religion
922:muhassıl
918:muhassıl
906:muhassıl
902:muhassıl
895:Dragoman
882:muhassıl
877:muhassıl
812:Mesariye
776:Episkopi
772:Limassol
633:Bragadin
620:massacre
601:Limassol
574:Limassol
562:Venetian
437:Timeline
372:Medieval
334:Alashiya
297:a series
295:Part of
3740:Outline
3703:Symbols
3599:Cuisine
3581:Culture
3561:Poverty
3509:Society
3480:Tourism
3443:Economy
3307:Islands
3292:Climate
3155:Kingdom
3084:Ancient
3057:Alasiya
3040:History
2986:Ukraine
2961:Hungary
2946:Croatia
2931:Albania
2913:Lebanon
2877:Tunisia
2862:Algeria
2666:Vassals
2654:Vassals
2621:Baghdad
2544:Scutari
2446:Erzurum
2321:Baghdad
2284:Tripoli
2199:Rumelia
2194:Podolia
2093:Karaman
2083:Erzurum
2068:Childir
2005:Algiers
1986:eyalets
1393:Pedieos
1386:Karavas
1370:Kolossi
1366:Avdimou
1350:Morphou
1334:Larnaca
1246:masjids
1215:in the
1180:Larnaca
1176:Turkish
1093:Albania
1036:as the
967:vilayet
808:Kyrenia
800:Hirsofu
796:Morphou
780:Kythrea
758:Tripoli
734:sanjaks
730:Avlonya
605:Nicosia
590:Kyrenia
586:Nicosia
560:During
347:Ancient
140:History
130:Nicosia
126:Capital
68:of the
3761:Portal
3711:Anthem
3594:Cinema
3536:Health
3465:Energy
3419:Police
3322:Rivers
3211:Taksim
3204:Enosis
3169:Modern
3030:
3028:Cyprus
2981:Serbia
2966:Kosovo
2956:Greece
2951:Cyprus
2924:Europe
2893:Arabia
2855:Africa
2593:Arabia
2565:Beirut
2560:Aleppo
2553:Levant
2529:Kosovo
2524:Janina
2519:Danube
2504:Bosnia
2491:Europe
2430:Bitlis
2419:Angora
2386:Africa
2293:Arabia
2255:Cyprus
2250:Aleppo
2243:Levant
2234:Yanina
2229:Widdin
2174:Kanije
2149:Bosnia
2132:Europe
2063:Ankara
2022:Habesh
1998:Africa
1879:
1763:
1731:
1670:
1208:Russia
1123:Serbia
1108:Greece
1098:Bosnia
1011:timars
992:Kykkos
948:Greeks
934:, the
817:These
784:Paphos
742:Tarsus
738:Alâiye
724:, and
718:eyalet
669:, the
665:, the
613:slaves
609:church
588:, and
536:sanjak
532:Cyprus
524:eyalet
407:Modern
308:Cyprus
299:on the
281:
268:
258:Cyprus
255:
143:
66:Colony
3747:Index
3626:Sport
3621:Music
3616:Media
3545:Delta
3460:Banks
3412:Chief
3312:Lakes
2903:Syria
2867:Egypt
2631:Basra
2626:Mosul
2605:Yemen
2600:Hejaz
2577:Syria
2514:Crete
2471:Sivas
2461:Konya
2414:Aidin
2409:Adana
2341:Rakka
2336:Basra
2331:Mosul
2305:Lahsa
2300:Yemen
2272:Sidon
2224:Varat
2219:Uyvar
2184:Morea
2159:Crete
2154:Budin
2053:Aidin
2048:Adana
2032:Tunis
2010:Egypt
1619:(PDF)
1437:Notes
1384:. In
1362:Lefka
1358:Polis
1009:gave
1000:Turks
944:Turks
864:aghas
792:Lefka
788:Kukla
768:Tuzla
659:Malta
628:siege
3721:Flag
3604:Wine
3556:Name
3548:cron
3543:and
2898:Iraq
2886:Asia
2372:and
2179:Kefe
2164:Egir
2098:Kars
1877:ISBN
1761:ISBN
1729:ISBN
1668:ISBN
1630:2016
1462:2013
1368:and
1294:waqf
1284:and
1052:The
1021:and
1005:The
940:kaza
936:kaza
900:The
830:naib
824:kadı
819:kaza
810:and
763:kaza
756:and
746:İçel
506:The
167:1878
157:1571
3589:Art
2482:Van
2189:Niš
2123:Van
2113:Rum
827:or
766:s:
750:Sis
639:.
3780::
1979:c.
1595:.
1574:^
1498:^
1372:.
1364:,
1360:,
1356:,
1352:,
1252:,
1223:.
1025:.
946:,
841:.
814:.
806:,
802:,
798:,
794:,
790:,
786:,
782:,
778:,
774:,
770:,
752:,
748:,
744:,
740:,
689:.
661:,
657:,
584:,
518:,
514::
52::
38::
3020:e
3013:t
3006:v
2839:e
2832:t
2825:v
2376:)
2327:)
2323:(
1988:)
1958:e
1951:t
1944:v
1885:.
1852:.
1769:.
1682:.
1464:.
1150:e
1143:t
1136:v
510:(
495:e
488:t
481:v
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
