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Second millennium BC pottery from Cyprus was one of the first archaeological projects that
Perlman and Asaro undertook. The project of the origin of the then assumed Second Millennium Palestinian Bichrome Ware was undertaken as part of the PhD thesis of Michal Artzy. This project was chosen because
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By this time, the artists of Cyprus were most heavily influenced by the art of mainland Greece, but
Cypriot idiosyncrasies, such as the pitchers with figural spouts still existed. The human figure made more regular appearances in art than in previous ages, and sculpture became popular on large and
441:
Renson, V., Coenaerts, J., Nys, K., Mattielli, N., Åström, P., and Claeys, P., 2007, Provenance determination of pottery from Hala Sultan Tekke using lead isotopic analysis: Preliminary results, in Hala Sultan Tekke 12. Tomb 24, Stone
Anchors, Faunal Remains and Pottery Provenance, Studies in
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Eriksson, K.O., 1995, Egyptian amphorae from Late
Cypriot contexts in Cyprus, in Trade, Contact, and the Movement of Peoples in the Eastern Mediterranean. Studies in Honour of J.Basil Hennessy, Mediterranean Archaeology Supplement 3, (eds. S. Bourke and J.P.Descœdres), 199-205, Meditarch,
222:. The Berkeley group showed that, in fact, the chemical composition of the pieces matched the composition of Cyprus-made pottery, which meant that these items were later exported to Palestine and other areas, a result that had extensive ramifications on the archaeology of the
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Tschegg, C., Ntaflos, T., and Hein, I., 2009, Integrated geological, petrologic and geochemical approach to establish source material and technology of Late
Cypriot Bronze Age Plain White ware ceramics, Journal of Archaeological Science, 36,
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This is a wheel-made pottery featuring rich and symmetrical painted decoration of parallel lines, bands, concentric circles, rhombi, checked, meanders, rosettes, lotus flowers, papyruses and various other floral and geometrical motifs.
467:
Tschegg, C., Hein, I., and
Ntaflos, T., 2008, State of the art multi-analytical geoscientific approach to identify Cypriot Bichrome Wheelmade Ware reproduction in the Eastern Nile delta (Egypt), Journal of Archaeological Science, 35,
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in the US. Neutron activation analysis helps to determine the origin of ancient pottery and other artifacts through the analysis of the clay from which they were made. He was helped in the project by another noted scientist
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Renson, V.; Coenaerts, J.; Nys, K.; Mattielli, N.; Vanhaecke, F.; Fagel, N.; Claeys, P. H. (2011). "Lead
Isotopic Analysis for the Identification of Late Bronze Age Pottery from Hala Sultan Tekke (Cyprus)".
82:, on the Syrian coast, during the excavations that began in 1985. This pottery was dated between the 14th and 12th centuries BC. The city was destroyed later during the Late Bronze Age, after which local
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Hadjicosti, M., 1988, Part 1: "Canaanite" Jars from Maa-Palaeokastro, in
Excavations at Maa-Palaeokastro 1979–1986, (eds. V. Karageorghis and M. Demas), 340-86, Department of Antiquities, Nicosia, Cyprus
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Knapp, A.B., and Cherry, J.F., (eds.), 1994, Provenience
Studies and Bronze Age Cyprus, Production, Exchange and Politico-Economic Change, Monographs in World Archaeology 21, Prehistory Press, Madison,
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Cypriot
Bichrome is characterized by its most common decoration: two black lines with a red line in between. Between those lines geometric, floral or zoomorphic decorations would often appear.
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The Cypro-Geometric period is still not fully understood and is much debated. The main point of contention is the continuity between the end of the Bronze Age and the early Geometric period.
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Thus, it was found that the fast wheel was used in Cyprus in the second millennium BC (which was not known before). Also, many types of pottery previously believed to have originated in
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This period is distinguished by the jugs of the free field style. They feature unique schematised bichrome type representations of bulls, birds, fishes and additional decorative forms.
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During the Cypro-Geometric I Period (1050–950 BC), the following types of pottery were produced on Cyprus other than the Bichrome: White Painted, Plain White, and Black Slip potteries.
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For a long time, Bichrome Ware was considered to be a key marker for the beginning of the Late Bronze Age. However, recent studies indicate a slightly earlier appearance.
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It was originally produced on Cyprus during the Late Cypriot I period. Comparison of the fabrics indicates that it was also imitated in the Eastern Levant and in Egypt.
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undertook the analysis of numerous Cypriot ceramics sent to him by the Swedish archaeologist, Einar Gherstad, when he pioneered high-precision methods of
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Frankel, D., and Webb, J.M., 2012, Pottery production and distribution in prehistoric Bronze Age Cyprus. An application of pXRF analysis,
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Merrillees, R.S. 1970. Evidence for the Bichrome Wheel-made Ware in Egypt. Australian Journal of Biblical Archaeology 1/3: 3-27.
265:"Tell Kazel-Simyra: A Contribution to a Relative Chronological History in the Eastern Mediterranean during the Late Bronze Age"
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the archaeology for that period in that area was rather confused, and Perlman hoped to add some clarity to the matter.
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The Origin of the "Palestinian" Bichrome Ware", (M. Artzy and I. Perlman), J. American Oriental Society 93, 1973
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is another location with large amounts of such pottery (Stratum VII), among many other places along the coast.
57:. A large variety of decorations and motifs are attested. This pottery is very similar to certain types of the
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M. Artzy, M., I. Perlman and F. Asaro, “Cypriote Imports at Ras Shamra,” Israel Exploration Journal 31 1981
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Mediterranean Archaeology, 45 (12), (eds. P. Åström and K. Nys), 53-60, Paul Åströms förlag, Sävedalen.
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Mommsen, H., Beier, Th., and Åström, P., 2003, Neutron activation analysis of six Mycenean sherds from
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Wheel-made pottery of the MC III and LCI periods in Cyprus, identified by neutron - activation analysis
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The Mycenaean Greek presence in Cyprus seems to have increased especially after 1400 BC. The fall of
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in 1927-31. Up until that time, the distinctive type pottery called "Bichrome Ware," first found in
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128:(Larnaka) in Cyprus became big centres of trade, from which many exports went into the Levant.
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A type of Bichrome pottery (Bichrome VII) was produced as late as the Cypro-Classical Period.
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Artzy, M., Asaro, F., and Perlman, I., 1973, The origin of 'Palestinian' Bichrome Ware,
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438:, Cyprus, in Archaeology and Natural Science, Vol. 2, (ed. P.Åström), 5-10, Sävedalen
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ISADORE PERLMAN, 1915-1991: A Biographical Memoir by GLENN T. SEABORG AND FRANK ASARO
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218:, was believed to originate in Palestine. This pottery was very common all over the
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479:, with a case study on Mycenaean pottery from Cyprus, Archaeometry, 49 (2), 271-88
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Yellin, J., 2007, Instrumental neutron activation based provenance studies at the
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in 1380 BC contributed to this. From that time onwards, the ports of
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49:. This type of pottery is found in many sites on Cyprus, in the
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A large amount of imported Cypriot bichrome ware was found at
233:-Ugarit, now in Syria, had actually been made in Cyprus.
202:, they obtained 1,200 pottery sherds excavated by the
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Gjerstad's Iron Age Pottery Typology & Chronology
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Gjerstad's Iron Age Pottery Typology & Chronology
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Bulletin of the American Schools of Oriental Research
53:, and also in Egypt. It was typically produced on a
45:, pottery that is found widely on Cyprus and in the
131:The following periods are distinguished on Cyprus.
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26:Jug with Scenic Decoration, 8th-6th centuries BC.
349:Geometric and Archaic Art in Cyprus (PDF file)
174:In the early 1970s, a noted nuclear scientist
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109:Bichrome Ware, Archaic I, 750–600 BC, from
501:Different types of ancient Cyprus pottery
135:Cypro-Geometric Period (1050–750 BC)
408:Journal of the American Oriental Society
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347:The Docent Collections Handbook, 2007:
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86:ceramics, Handmade burnished ware and
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198:Aided by the Swedish archaeologist
158:Cypro-Classical Period (475–325 BC)
506:The Bichrome Ware Project - Cyprus
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419:Journal of Archaeological Science
312:The History of Ancient Palestine.
90:, replaced the imported pottery.
497:Catalogue with full descriptions
461:10.1111/j.1475-4754.2010.00535.x
477:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
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495:Bichrome ceramics from Cyprus
371:NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES
262:Badre, Leila (August 2006).
184:Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory
493:- The Cesnola Collection -
314:Fortress Press, 1993, p.221
180:neutron activation analysis
150:Archaic Period (750–475 BC)
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204:Swedish Cyprus Expedition
18:Pottery of ancient Cyprus
338:, Harvard Semitic Museum
326:, Harvard Semitic Museum
243:Philistine Bichrome ware
61:from various locations.
310:Gösta Werner Ahlström,
93:The Philistine city of
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521:Ancient Greek pottery
282:10.1086/BASOR25066965
224:Eastern Mediterranean
214:by the archaeologist
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47:Eastern Mediterranean
35:Cypriot Bichrome ware
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216:Sir Flinders Petrie
170:Scientific analysis
526:Prehistoric Cyprus
384:, RDAC 1976, 20-28
166:minuscule scales.
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436:Hala Sultan Tekke
59:Mycenaean pottery
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28:Neues Museum
189:Frank Asaro
68:Description
515:Categories
231:Ras Shamra
101:Chronology
80:Tell Kazel
16:See also:
455:: 37–57.
428:Wisconsin
298:160345951
212:Palestine
208:Tel Ajjul
88:Grey ware
84:Mycenaean
489:Harvard
468:1134-47.
290:25066965
237:See also
43:Iron Age
30:, Berlin
472:1103–14
182:at the
122:Salamis
118:Knossos
414:Sydney
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220:Levant
126:Kition
51:Levant
41:, and
531:Ekron
294:S2CID
286:JSTOR
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