773:
1059:). These are not normally dealt with by the courts of law, but rather punished either by the police on the spot, or through a procedure in front of a committee at the local or municipal authority, or sometimes other administration body. The result is not a conviction, and so such a punishment will not blemish the culprit's criminal record. Like with other administrative acts, the outcome of this procedure can be challenged through the administrative justice process. A typical example of contraventions in Czech law this are driving offences. (In the common law world, acts falling into this category would be classed as
1925:
43:
1127:
of law, and are binding for general courts. If a lower court is to rule against "consistent adjudications" of the
Supreme Court on the point of law, it must give detailed reasoning, and this can often be a reason for a successful appeal. This system is largely based on judiciary's own interpretation of the Constitution, arguing that it gives citizens predictability and fairness. The most significant judgements of both courts are published in the official Collection of Laws.
451:
56:
1118:. Together with the Commercial Corporations Act and the Private International Law Act it constitutes a complete recodification of private law in the Czech Republic. It brings new and modern regulation of relations governed by civil law, with emphasis on personality rights, free will / more choice when writing a will or unified regulation of obligation laws.
816:, because constitutional statutes are more difficult to adopt, amend, supplement or repeal them than ordinary laws of the country. A special majority (constitutional supermajority) is required of three-fifths of all Deputies and a qualified majority of three-fifths of all Senators present. This is to promote continuity and stability of the political system.
1136:
903:. In the Czech Republic it was kept in its entirety and forms a part of the constitutional order (i.e. has the same legal force as the Constitution). It postulates the sanctity of natural human rights and fundamental freedoms as well as citizens' (political) rights, the equality before the law, rights of minorities and so on.
1126:
Theoretically, case law is not defined as a source of law in the Czech
Republic. Despite that, the decisions of courts, namely supreme courts and the Constitutional Court, have a significant influence over the Czech legal system since 1989. Findings of the Constitutional Court are considered a source
1003:
The purpose of the 2009 codification was to bring the criminal justice system in line with the rest of Europe. The main change introduced by the code was transition from material to formal conception of criminal offence. Another thing the lawyers drafting the 2009 code had in mind, and expressed it
1075:
for offences committed by employees of a corporation, when acting on its behalf, being instructed by the board of directors or other representative of the company, or through lack of their action. In such cases, not only individuals will be prosecuted, but the corporation can be prosecuted as well
999:
Until 2009, the criminal code statute in force dated back to 1961. In spite of numerous amendments made since 1989, it still conformed to the communist ideology, oriented on punishment of perceived enemies of the socialist regime. As a part of an effort to comprehensively reform law and justice, a
1182:
in 1918 by
Czechoslovakia, among other successor states, but only for Czech lands (Bohemia, Moravia and Austrian Silesia), while Slovakia kept the customary law of Hungary. Albeit updated many times, this Austrian law was kept in Czechoslovakia, along with the legal duality, until 1950, when the
1000:
brand new codification has been written. The
Ministry of Justice announced it as an "elaborate piece of work boiled down from the experience and knowledge of foremost expert on criminal law", which can be proudly compared to modern criminal codes of other democratic countries.
1107:. It has five parts. The first part is dedicated to a legal status of a person as an individual. The second regulates family law – e.g. the institute of marriage and the rights and obligations of husband and wife, parents and children. Although the Code does include
1410:
In full: Resolution no. 2/1993 Coll. of the
Presidium of the Czech National Council of 16 December 1992 on the declaration of the Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms as a part of the constitutional order of the Czech
1233:– putiatively some democratic institutions and nominal human rights, and even notions of, for example an "independent" judiciary though the political reality of the country departed from it radically. The
849:
491:
307:
302:
297:
292:
1183:"Middle Civil Code" was promulgated, soon to be superseded by the civil code of 1964, which was in force until the "New Civil Code", enacted in 2009, entered into force in 2014.
1108:
992:). The two codes are complemented by the Juvenile Criminal Justice Act 2003, which deals with alleged offenders aged between 15 (the threshold of criminal liability as well as
2294:
188:
1250:
1433:
884:
78:
2063:
1955:
1826:
1996:
1945:
853:
354:
861:
125:
1004:
in the area of sentencing tariffs, was a new balance of punishment against rehabilitation effect on the criminal. On one hand we see the sentences for felony (
484:
1902:
1897:
1892:
401:
840:
declares sovereignty (self-government) of the people and the values of freedom and democracy. It defines the separation of the three powers in a system of
406:
2109:
877:
869:
684:
575:
178:
2316:
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for the same offence and punished by a host of measures, starting from certain injunctions, through fines a forfeitures, to liquidation of the company.
260:
158:
1684:
2094:
1478:
790:
103:
72:
984:), which codifies substantive criminal law. The comprehensive regulatory statute for criminal procedure is the Criminal Proceedings Code Act 1961 (
2363:
2028:
477:
384:
2138:
1780:
1175:
772:
1548:
2279:
2043:
1960:
1768:
426:
391:
1970:
1965:
1115:
900:
121:
421:
416:
396:
1582:
1420:
which amends the
Constitutional Act No. 1/1993 Coll., the Constitution of the Czech Republic as amended by subsequent constitutional acts
1819:
1234:
1230:
939:
183:
411:
2778:
2222:
2185:
2155:
2018:
1662:
1266:
837:
794:
618:
65:
1608:
2180:
2160:
1784:
1246:
1214:
1139:
1114:
The civil code regulation effective since 1 January 2014 is a result of eleven years of work of the recodification committee of the
753:– when referring to statutes), although they may take effect at a later date. International treaties are similarly published in the
1789:
633:
over Czech law in some areas. Recently, a brand new
Criminal Code entered into force in 2010, and the Civil Code followed in 2014.
2289:
2175:
2170:
2058:
2033:
845:
338:
333:
328:
323:
146:
116:
1714:
798:
2165:
2124:
2038:
2023:
2001:
1933:
1238:
1111:, it explicitly prohibits adoption to a person in a registered partnership. The rest in concerned mainly with property rights.
907:
865:
857:
543:
are divided into branches, among them civil, criminal, administrative, procedural and labour law, and systematically codified.
366:
248:
243:
238:
233:
228:
217:
171:
99:
2491:
2190:
1984:
1812:
1703:"Enforceable rulings of the Constitutional Court shall be binding for all agencies and individuals. " – Constitution, Art. 89
1430:
626:
528:
434:
33:
1210:
203:
198:
2309:
2204:
2119:
2077:
2011:
1914:
1270:
1237:, influenced by soviet constitutions, is often dubbed the "Socialist Constitution". It changed the name of the country to
1163:
361:
2089:
1792:– a collection of unofficial translations of Czech statutes (of varying quality) maintained by a professional translator
464:
153:
1191:
193:
2356:
2284:
2254:
2150:
1882:
1222:
1187:
2421:
2244:
2053:
1887:
1844:
629:, and declares human rights and rights of the citizen. Since 2004, the membership in the EU means the priority of
280:
275:
270:
265:
2757:
2628:
1909:
1258:
1226:
1475:
1293:
1254:
1171:
906:
The
Constitution has been seriously modified in February 2012, introducing a controversial popular vote of the
532:
2716:
2466:
1245:
and defined socialist, rather than democratic, character of the state, and introduced the leading role of the
2683:
2638:
2553:
2325:
1249:. The 1960 constitution remained in force until 1992, although in 1968 it was substantially modified by the
1304:
2783:
2731:
2688:
2548:
2513:
2349:
1681:
1151:
2693:
2330:
2114:
559:
455:
2583:
2543:
1852:
42:
2741:
2673:
2598:
1877:
1340:. Hauser Global Law School Program, New York University School of Law, Sept. 2009. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.
1213:
has been enacted hastily, establishing the republic with its president and temporary parliament. The
1012:) which carry a sentence of at least 5 years. On the other a newly created category of misdemeanour (
841:
2533:
2411:
2655:
2538:
1557:
1072:
873:
2711:
1445:
1217:
succeeded it, inspired by western democratic constitutions, and, controversially, postulating the
2613:
2217:
630:
583:
832:
Constitutional Act No. 347/1997 Coll. on the
Creation of Higher Territorial Self-Governing Units
1080:
Act No. 418/2011 Coll., on
Criminal Liability of Legal Persons and the Proceedings against Them
613:
The system of law and justice in the Czech Republic has been in constant development since the
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2503:
2406:
2259:
1764:
1262:
1179:
935:
813:
614:
579:
555:
2721:
2518:
2274:
2249:
928:
826:
Resolution No. 2/1993 Coll. incorporating Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms
1659:
1556:. Association of Councils of State and Supreme Administrative Jurisdictions. Archived from
1334:
1174:. This was a forebear of the comprehensive codification of civil law in 1811, known as the
2726:
2643:
2593:
2568:
2426:
1688:
1666:
1449:
1437:
1218:
1206:
1155:
1060:
2633:
2623:
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2471:
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2446:
2431:
2416:
2401:
2396:
2391:
2386:
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1924:
1835:
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1202:
1201:
The history of Czechoslovak constitutionality starts with the formation of independent
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924:
896:
547:
524:
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2618:
2608:
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2578:
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2558:
2508:
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2436:
2372:
2227:
1872:
1482:
1381:
Official online version of Collection of Law and Collection of International Treaties
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1159:
1048:
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Acts of parliament and other legal regulations enter into force on the day they are
55:
2648:
2603:
2528:
2498:
2101:
973:
927:, the Czech Republic committed itself to respect the principle of the supremacy of
786:
726:
571:
567:
1801:– an official online collection of Czech states published by the Czech government
1950:
1335:"UPDATE: An Introduction to the Czech Legal System and Legal Resources Online. "
1147:
1104:
705:); legislative acts of territorial self-government bodies: regional ordinances (
622:
540:
1135:
2264:
2232:
1862:
1763:
Prague: Institute of Criminology and Social Prevention, 2011. Print. Sources.
1167:
551:
536:
131:
109:
776:
The Constitution of the Czech Republic as published in the Collection of Laws
2212:
829:
Constitutional Act No. 110/1998 Coll. on the Security of the Czech Republic
1804:
823:
Constitutional Act No. 1/1993 Coll. the Constitution of the Czech Republic
1380:
17:
1505:) can be found translated variously, even in official translations, as
940:
Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms
1759:
1739:
1395:
1368:
976:
is regulated mainly, though not only, by the Criminal Code Act 2009 (
563:
546:
Written law is the basis of the legal order, and the most important
1158:. Reforms of government were to a large extent the work of empress
1134:
771:
1186:
Following in the tracks of their enlightenment predecessors, the
2341:
2006:
1867:
1857:
1550:
Administrative Justice in Europe – Report for the Czech Republic
371:
2345:
1808:
1453:. Ministry of Foreign Affairs, 01 Jan. 2010. Web. 07 Dec. 2012.
1253:– this transformed the unitary state into a federation of the
950:
Major areas of Czech law are codified in a systematic manner.
527:, and in the international community it is a member of. Czech
520:
531:
belongs to the Germanic branch of continental legal culture (
1443:
Hello Czech Republic (Czech Republic - The Official Website)
958:
Most important statutes in the criminal justice field are:
844:. It gives the legislative power to the popularly elected
1150:, the process of 'codification' dates back to the era of
1265:, but they turned out to be short-lived, as in 1992 the
1099:
Act No. 500/2004 Coll. the Administrative Procedure Code
1261:. Further radical modifications were enacted after the
641:
Sources of Czech law are (in this hierarchical order):
578:, in which a statute or its part has been nullified as
1672:
Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
1488:
Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 12 Dec. 2012.
1442:
1609:"Corporate Criminal Liability in the Czech Republic"
968:
Act No. 218/2003 Coll., on Juvenile Criminal Justice
2750:
2702:
2664:
2379:
2203:
2137:
2076:
1983:
1932:
1843:
1757:Karabec, Z., J. Vlach, S. DiblĂková, and P. Zeman.
965:
Act No. 141/1961 Coll., the Criminal Procedure Code
664:
international treaties ratified by the Parliament (
934:The most important treaty in this category is the
1251:Constitutional Act on the Czechoslovak Federation
1225:and the second world war. In 1948, the so-called
627:structure and principles of democratic government
1743:The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.
1399:The Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic.
885:Charter of Fundamental Rights and Basic Freedoms
1781:National Labour Law Profile: The Czech Republic
1658:Czech Republic. Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR.
1474:Czech Republic. Ministerstvo spravedlnosti ÄŚR.
1760:Criminal Justice System in the Czech Republic.
1715:"Musejà nižšà soudy poslouchat Nejvyššà soud?"
1462:sometimes rendered as Code of Criminal Justice
1429:Czech Republic. Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "
1396:"Constitutional Order of the Czech Republic. "
1096:Act No. 99/1963 Coll. the Civil Procedure Code
2357:
1820:
872:. Two more institutions are established, the
856:. The executive power is divided between the
485:
8:
1194:of 1768, the most important Czechoslovakian
1020:) introduces a host of community sentences (
668:mezinárodnà smlouvy ratifikované parlamentem
1390:
1388:
1053:
1038:
1030:
1022:
1014:
1006:
986:
978:
889:
803:
759:
743:
735:
715:
707:
699:
691:
677:
666:
655:
647:
600:
588:
513:
2364:
2350:
2342:
2143:
2082:
1989:
1938:
1827:
1813:
1805:
799:constitutional order of the Czech Republic
610:(“Collection of International Treaties”).
576:Constitutional Court of the Czech Republic
492:
478:
28:
1654:
1652:
1650:
1648:
1166:, who participated in creating the first
1790:Czech Laws in English (Zákony anglicky).
1745:ĂšstavnĂ soud ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.
1633:sometimes rendered Code of Civil Justice
1401:ĂšstavnĂ soud ÄŚR, n.d. Web. 03 Jan. 2013.
1089:Main statutes regulating this area are:
1047:Less serious breaches of law are called
962:Act No. 40/2009 Coll., the Criminal Code
819:Most important constitutional acts are:
689:derived legislation: government orders (
1329:
1327:
1325:
1323:
1321:
1317:
1286:
789:is written, and it consists of several
621:has been enacted, which postulates the
402:Czech Republic–United Kingdom relations
31:
1738:Czech Republic. Constitutional Court.
1470:
1468:
1394:Czech Republic. Constitutional Court.
1211:Interim Constitution of Czechoslovakia
1103:The Civil Code codifies core areas of
1071:Since 2012, Czech law also recognizes
864:. It describes the functioning of the
795:the Constitution of the Czech Republic
407:Czech Republic–United States relations
1642:also Code of Administrative Procedure
1613:Newsletter - TerraLex Practice Groups
1583:"Trestnà odpovědnost právnické osoby"
1349:also translated as government decrees
1294:Zákon ÄŤ. 89/2012 Sb. obÄŤanskĂ˝ zákonĂk
1198:were enacted in 1950, 1961 and 2009.
7:
1713:Fetter, Richard W. (24 March 2010).
1154:, when they were a core part of the
1093:Act No. 89/2012 Coll. the Civil Code
914:Constitutional Act No. 71/2012 Coll.
755:Collection of International Treaties
675:statutes adopted by the Parliament (
598:(“Collection of Law”, “Coll.”), and
1235:1960 Constitution of Czechoslovakia
1176:Allgemeines bĂĽrgerliches Gesetzbuch
697:) and notifications of ministries (
1682:"Zákon 89/2012 obÄŤanskĂ˝ zákonĂk. "
1273:, and entered into force in 1993.
1267:Constitution of the Czech Republic
1073:criminal liability of corporations
1067:Act No. 200/1990 on Contraventions
946:Statutes adopted by the Parliament
838:Constitution of the Czech Republic
812:The constitution can be viewed as
797:), together they are known as the
619:Constitution of the Czech Republic
25:
1785:International Labour Organization
1305:Zákon č. 500/2004 Sb. správnà řád
1247:Communist Party of Czechoslovakia
1215:Czechoslovak Constitution of 1920
1192:Constitutio criminalis Theresiana
1140:Constitutio Criminalis Theresiana
1044:). The code also outlaws doping.
931:over Czech law in defined areas.
509:legal order of the Czech Republic
79:Charter of Fundamental Rights and
1923:
1581:Trubač, Ondeřej (5 March 2012).
1431:The System of Independent Courts
1188:Constitutio criminalis Josephina
1028:), including community payback (
901:Czechoslovak Federative Republic
899:document enacted in 1991 by the
891:Listina základnĂch práv a svobod
848:consisting of two chambers, the
449:
427:Czech Republic–Ukraine relations
392:Czech Republic–Germany relations
54:
41:
1607:Skalická, Hana (22 June 2012).
1269:has been promulgated after the
1170:of the country in 1787, called
908:President of the Czech Republic
422:Czech Republic–Russia relations
417:Czech Republic–Poland relations
397:Czech Republic–France relations
1476:"ObecnÄ› o trestnĂm zákonĂku. "
1358:sometimes orders of ministries
683:), published decisions of the
586:by the periodically published
435:Politics of the European Union
412:Czech Republic–China relations
34:Politics of the Czech Republic
1:
729:(published) in the official
713:) and municipal ordinances (
574:), and such findings of the
189:Supreme Administrative Court
1883:Lands of the Bohemian Crown
1277:Sources and further reading
653:) and constitutional acts (
507:, often referred to as the
2800:
1271:division of Czechoslovakia
761:SbĂrka mezinárodnĂch smluv
679:zákony přijaté parlamentem
602:SbĂrka mezinárodnĂch smluv
515:právnà řád České republiky
2779:Law of the Czech Republic
2303:
2146:
2085:
1992:
1941:
1921:
1511:administrative infraction
1259:Slovak Socialist Republic
1227:Ninth-of-May Constitution
1172:Josephinisches Gesetzbuch
456:Czech Republic portal
1997:Administrative divisions
1547:Novotný, Václav (n.d.).
1255:Czech Socialist Republic
355:Administrative divisions
1670:NovĂ˝ obÄŤanskĂ˝ zákonĂk.
1221:. This lasted over the
1032:veřejně prospěšné práce
2422:Bosnia and Herzegovina
1799:Vyhledávánà v zákonech
1515:administrative offence
1229:was enacted after the
1152:enlightened absolutism
1143:
1109:registered partnership
1054:
1039:
1031:
1023:
1015:
1007:
987:
979:
919:International treaties
890:
804:
777:
760:
744:
736:
716:
708:
700:
692:
678:
667:
656:
648:
601:
589:
570:by the parliament and
564:international treaties
514:
2269:(architectural style)
1263:regime change of 1989
1138:
775:
701:vyhlášky ministerstev
566:(once they have been
560:delegated legislation
521:system of legal rules
2295:World Heritage Sites
2110:Oil and gas deposits
1205:out of the ruins of
994:age of legal consent
878:Supreme Audit Office
870:Constitutional Court
685:Constitutional Court
179:Constitutional Court
2665:States with limited
1219:Czechoslovak nation
1116:Ministry of Justice
1036:) or house arrest (
1024:alternativnĂ tresty
874:Czech National Bank
850:Chamber of Deputies
842:Checks and balances
791:constitutional acts
159:Chamber of Deputies
73:Constitutional acts
1687:2012-07-09 at the
1665:2012-11-05 at the
1660:"Úvodnà stránka. "
1448:2012-01-03 at the
1436:2016-08-11 at the
1144:
972:Since 2010, Czech
781:Constitutional law
778:
645:the Constitution (
631:European Union law
615:1989 regime change
556:acts of parliament
535:). Major areas of
2766:
2765:
2339:
2338:
2199:
2198:
2133:
2132:
2072:
2071:
2064:Political parties
2029:Foreign relations
1979:
1978:
1878:Přemyslid dynasty
1769:978-80-7338-111-0
1486:Reforma justice.
1282:Statutes in Czech
1178:(ABGB). ABGB was
936:Council of Europe
868:, especially the
741:, abbreviated as
731:Collection of Law
552:legal regulations
502:
501:
385:Foreign relations
16:(Redirected from
2791:
2703:Dependencies and
2639:Northern Ireland
2380:Sovereign states
2366:
2359:
2352:
2343:
2319:
2312:
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2083:
1990:
1946:Cities and towns
1939:
1927:
1829:
1822:
1815:
1806:
1797:
1746:
1740:"Introduction. "
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1679:
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1538:
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1472:
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1359:
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1307:
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1296:
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1190:of 1707 and the
1061:summary offences
1057:
1042:
1034:
1026:
1018:
1010:
990:
982:
893:
846:Czech Parliament
807:
763:
747:
739:
719:
711:
709:krajské vyhlášky
703:
695:
681:
670:
659:
651:
604:
592:
580:unconstitutional
523:in force in the
517:
494:
487:
480:
458:
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453:
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58:
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29:
21:
2799:
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2684:Northern Cyprus
2666:
2660:
2554:North Macedonia
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2370:
2340:
2335:
2322:
2315:
2308:
2299:
2280:Public holidays
2268:
2195:
2129:
2103:
2068:
2044:Law enforcement
1975:
1961:Protected areas
1928:
1919:
1903:1867–1918
1898:1648–1867
1893:1526–1648
1853:Únětice culture
1839:
1833:
1795:
1777:
1754:
1749:
1737:
1733:
1723:
1721:
1712:
1711:
1707:
1702:
1698:
1692:SbĂrka zákonĹŻ.
1689:Wayback Machine
1680:
1676:
1667:Wayback Machine
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1438:Wayback Machine
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1332:
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1209:. In 1918, the
1207:Austria-Hungary
1156:Austrian Empire
1133:
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1087:
980:trestnĂ zákonĂk
956:
948:
923:On joining the
921:
805:ústavnà pořádek
783:
717:obecnà vyhlášky
639:
625:, outlines the
617:. In 1993, the
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2016:
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2007:Municipalities
2004:
1993:
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1971:Urban planning
1968:
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1958:
1953:
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1915:Czech Republic
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1836:Czech Republic
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1776:
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1481:2013-02-17 at
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1231:communist coup
1223:First Republic
1203:Czechoslovakia
1196:criminal codes
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1123:
1120:
1101:
1100:
1097:
1094:
1086:
1083:
1082:
1081:
1069:
1068:
1049:contraventions
970:
969:
966:
963:
955:
952:
947:
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925:European Union
920:
917:
916:
915:
897:bill of rights
862:Prime Minister
834:
833:
830:
827:
824:
782:
779:
765:, abbreviated
723:
722:
693:naĹ™ĂzenĂ vlády
687:
673:
662:
657:ústavnà zákony
638:
637:Sources of law
635:
606:, abbreviated
594:, abbreviated
525:Czech Republic
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2796:
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2784:Legal systems
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2717:Faroe Islands
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2514:Liechtenstein
2512:
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2373:Law in Europe
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2013:
2010:
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1995:
1994:
1991:
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1956:Geomorphology
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1577:
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1563:on 2016-03-04
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1527:transgression
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1483:archive.today
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1199:
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1193:
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1160:Maria Theresa
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1040:domácĂ vÄ›zenĂ
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793:(one of them
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737:SbĂrka zákonĹŻ
732:
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710:
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702:
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593:
591:
590:SbĂrka zákonĹŻ
585:
581:
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573:
569:
565:
561:
558:, as well as
557:
553:
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548:source of law
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510:
506:
495:
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205:
202:
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184:Supreme Court
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2694:Transnistria
2656:Vatican City
2441:
2265:
2223:Coat of arms
2218:Architecture
2186:Prostitution
2156:Demographics
2048:
2019:Constitution
1758:
1742:
1734:
1722:. Retrieved
1719:České noviny
1718:
1708:
1699:
1694:03 Feb 2009.
1691:
1677:
1669:
1638:
1629:
1617:. Retrieved
1612:
1602:
1590:. Retrieved
1586:
1576:
1565:. Retrieved
1558:the original
1549:
1542:
1534:
1531:misdemeanour
1530:
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1300:
1289:
1240:
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1185:
1162:and her son
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1125:
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1046:
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1021:
1013:
1005:
1002:
998:
985:
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974:criminal law
971:
957:
954:Criminal law
949:
933:
929:European law
922:
905:
888:
882:
835:
818:
811:
802:
787:constitution
784:
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529:legal system
512:
508:
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308:
66:Constitution
26:
2732:Isle of Man
2667:recognition
2614:Switzerland
2549:Netherlands
2260:Nationalism
2181:LGBT rights
2161:Drug policy
2095:Electricity
1951:Czech lands
1888:Czech lands
1619:17 February
1592:17 February
1148:Czech lands
1105:private law
988:trestnà řád
727:promulgated
623:rule of law
584:made public
572:promulgated
541:private law
194:High Courts
2773:Categories
2584:San Marino
2544:Montenegro
2524:Luxembourg
2504:Kazakhstan
2407:Azerbaijan
2290:Television
2275:Philosophy
2250:Literature
2176:Irreligion
2171:Healthcare
2104:(currency)
2059:Parliament
2034:Government
1863:Marcomanni
1796:(in Czech)
1752:Literature
1615:. TerraLex
1567:2013-01-12
1507:infraction
1313:References
1168:civil code
996:) and 17.
814:entrenched
519:), is the
291:European:
147:Parliament
132:Petr Fiala
117:Government
110:Petr Pavel
2722:Gibraltar
2519:Lithuania
2166:Education
2125:Transport
2039:Judiciary
2024:Elections
2002:Districts
1934:Geography
1724:7 January
1535:violation
1503:přestupky
1499:přestupek
1497:The word
1241:Socialist
1164:Joseph II
1085:Civil law
1055:přestupek
866:judiciary
858:President
836:The 1992
767:Sb. m. s.
608:Sb. m. s.
533:civil law
505:Czech law
367:Districts
218:elections
172:Judiciary
100:President
94:Executive
18:Czech law
2742:Svalbard
2727:Guernsey
2674:Abkhazia
2644:Scotland
2599:Slovenia
2594:Slovakia
2569:Portugal
2427:Bulgaria
2326:Category
2240:Language
2191:Religion
1985:Politics
1685:Archived
1663:Archived
1587:iDNES.cz
1479:Archived
1446:Archived
1434:Archived
1411:Republic
1338:GlobaLex
1257:and the
1243:Republic
1180:received
1122:Case law
876:and the
860:and the
852:and the
582:. It is
568:ratified
259:Senate:
2634:England
2624:Ukraine
2574:Romania
2534:Moldova
2492:Ireland
2487:Iceland
2482:Hungary
2472:Germany
2467:Georgia
2457:Finland
2452:Estonia
2447:Denmark
2432:Croatia
2417:Belgium
2412:Belarus
2402:Austria
2397:Armenia
2392:Andorra
2387:Albania
2310:Outline
2266:Panelák
2228:Cuisine
2205:Culture
2139:Society
2120:Tourism
2102:Koruna
2078:Economy
2012:Regions
1845:History
1523:offence
1519:offence
1369:byelaws
1131:History
895:) is a
362:Regions
216:Recent
2737:Jersey
2679:Kosovo
2619:Turkey
2609:Sweden
2589:Serbia
2579:Russia
2564:Poland
2559:Norway
2539:Monaco
2509:Latvia
2477:Greece
2462:France
2437:Cyprus
2331:Portal
2090:Energy
1966:Rivers
1767:
1142:, 1768
1016:přečin
1008:zloÄŤin
854:Senate
785:Czech
649:Ăšstava
537:public
154:Senate
2712:Ă…land
2649:Wales
2604:Spain
2529:Malta
2499:Italy
2317:Index
2285:Sport
2255:Music
2151:Crime
1561:(PDF)
1554:(PDF)
1533:, or
1521:(!),
1501:(pl.
751:Coll.
550:are:
2245:Flag
2233:Wine
2054:Army
1868:Samo
1858:Boii
1765:ISBN
1726:2013
1621:2013
1594:2013
1440:. "
883:The
539:and
339:2023
334:2018
329:2013
324:2008
309:2024
303:2019
298:2014
293:2009
281:2022
276:2020
271:2018
266:2016
261:2014
249:2021
244:2017
239:2013
234:2010
229:2006
126:list
104:list
2213:Art
2049:Law
1367:or
1146:In
1063:.)
938:’s
809:).
769:).
745:Sb.
596:Sb.
562:),
2775::
1717:.
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1611:.
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1525:,
1517:,
1513:,
1509:,
1467:^
1387:^
1320:^
942:.
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