301:
production of the China-Brazil Earth
Resources Satellites (CBERS). Brazil, emerging from a long military regime, sought to abandon the Cold War logic and establish new international partnerships. China was dedicated to its great internal reform, but was also seeking international partnerships to develop advanced technologies. The agreement was advantageous for both countries. Brazil had the chance to develop medium-size satellites at a time when it was only capable of building small ones (100 kg size). China had an international partner that posed no military threats and that was receptive of foreigners.
787:
538:
2001:
40:
674:
632:
427:
This camera records images in four spectral bands: 0.50 – 1.10 μm (panchromatic); 1.55 – 1.75 μm (infrared); 2.08 – 2.35 μm (infrared) and 10.40 – 12.50 μm (thermal infrared), with 80 m spatial resolution on the three infrared reflected bands and 120 m in the thermal infrared one. Ground swath is 120
508:
This camera records images in four spectral bands: 0.51 – 0.73 μm (panchromatic); 0.45 – 0.52 μm (blue); 0.52 – 0.59 μm (green); 0.63 – 0.69 μm (red); 0.77 – 0.89 μm (near infrared), with 5 m spatial resolution for the panchromatic band and 10 m spatial resolution in the other bands. It has 60 km of
499:
This camera records images in four spectral bands: 0.50 – 1.10 μm (panchromatic); 1.55 – 1.75 μm (infrared); 2.08 – 2.35 μm (infrared) and 10.40 – 12.50 μm (thermal infrared), with 40 m spatial resolution on the three infrared reflected bands and 80 m in the thermal infrared one. Ground swath is 120
453:
This camera records images in one single panchromatic band 0.50 – 0.80 μm which comprises part of the visible and of the near infrared portion of electromagnetic spectrum. The images recorded by this camera are 27 km width and have 2.7 m spatial resolution. 130 days are required to obtain a full
349:
Initially the program included development and deployment of two satellites, CBERS-1 and CBERS-2. A third satellite of the same type, which was named CBERS-2B, was later added to the program. Subsequently, agreement was reached to build and launch three additional satellites, CBERS-3, 4 and 4A.
300:
The basis for the space cooperation between China and Brazil was established in May 1984, when both countries signed a complementary agreement to the cooperation framework agreement in science and technology. In July 1988, China and Brazil signed the protocol establishing the joint research and
304:
Brazil and China negotiated the CBERS project during two years (1986–1988), exchanging important technical information and visiting each other's facilities, and they concluded that both sides had all the human, technical and material conditions to jointly develop an Earth resource observation
419:), with 20 m spatial resolution and 120 km of ground swath. It is possible to operate this camera both on nadir and off-nadir. This last capability allows the system to reduce the temporal resolution from 26 days (nadir operation mode) to three days (off-nadir operation mode).
490:
This camera records images in four spectral bands: 0.45 – 0.52 μm (blue); 0.52 – 0.59 μm (green); 0.63 – 0.69 μm (red); 0.77 – 0.89 μm (near infrared), with 60 m spatial resolution and 720 km of ground swath. About five days are necessary for a whole coverage of the Earth
1389:
406:
This camera records images in two spectral bands: 0.63 – 0.69 μm (red) and 0.77 – 0.89 μm (infrared), with 260 m spatial resolution and 890 km of ground swath. About five days are necessary for a whole coverage of the Earth
446:
was launched on 19 September 2007 by a Long-March 4B rocket from the
Taiyuan base in China. The satellite operated until June 2010. Sample images from CBERS-2B were made available on January 10, 2007.
2350:
2355:
953:
334:
1519:
415:
This camera records images in five spectral bands: 0.51 – 0.73 μm (panchromatic); 0.45 – 0.52 μm (blue); 0.52 – 0.59 μm (green); 0.63 – 0.69 μm (red); 0.77 – 0.89 μm (
1989:
928:
2269:
963:
2264:
1890:
2081:
2259:
801:
741:
314:
75:
1967:
948:
338:
71:
1982:
1906:
723:
649:
1405:
2233:
1150:
330:
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2014:
921:
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1001:
996:
991:
986:
832:
523:
1421:
1397:
1162:
2035:
607:
1975:
1922:
1373:
742:"Setor espacial é 'prioridade' do governo, diz novo presidente da AEB - Cenário da Notícia em Lucas do Rio Verde e Região"
329:; AEB) are involved with the program, as is the Brazilian industrial sector. In China, organizations involved include the
57:
305:
satellite program. The
Complementary Protocol on Cooperation on Space Technology was renewed in 1994 and again in 2004.
914:
289:
2238:
1656:
1537:
1144:
768:
500:
km for all the bands of this camera and 26 days are required to obtain a full coverage of the Earth by this camera.
428:
km for all the bands of this camera and 26 days are required to obtain a full coverage of the Earth by this camera.
449:
CBERS-2B is similar to the two previous members of the series, but a new camera was added to this last satellite:
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958:
691:
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2005:
1827:
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556:
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1811:
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318:
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1440:
1138:
937:
551:
120:
1299:
399:
CBERS-1 and 2 are almost identical satellites. They have three remote sensing multispectral cameras:
2071:
1941:
825:
322:
110:
745:
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1898:
1751:
1505:
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260:
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883:
877:
797:
1156:
709:
727:
653:
2328:
1767:
1282:
1006:
810:
483:
satellite was successfully launched in
December 2014. Both satellites carry four cameras:
1234:
376:. In China, it is sometimes also called ZY 1. It remained functional until August 2003.
2120:
1759:
1481:
1413:
1017:
818:
85:
2344:
2050:
1112:
1107:
1101:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1050:
1045:
1040:
678:
636:
519:
476:
384:
373:
105:
387:
rocket from China. It was retired from service in
January 2009, after the launch of
2185:
1242:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
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2312:
1329:
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1226:
1209:
1201:
582:
1851:
1650:
1645:
1640:
1635:
1630:
1625:
1620:
1615:
1610:
611:
509:
ground swath. It is possible to operate this camera both on nadir and off-nadir.
39:
1914:
1843:
1729:
1721:
1713:
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17:
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285:
677:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
635:
This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
2045:
1457:
1971:
1180:
910:
814:
2331:(collaboration with the United States and 10 other countries)
475:
was launched in
December 2013, but it was lost after the
710:"CBERS Satéllite Sino Brasileiro de Recursos Terrestres"
317:(INPE or National Institute for Space Research) and the
27:
Satellite cooperation program between China and Brazil
796:] (in Portuguese and English). Cubo. p. 97.
769:"200th Long March rocket launches CBERS-4 for Brazil"
383:, was successfully launched on October 21, 2003 by a
372:, was successfully launched on 14 October 1999 on a
2321:
2278:
2247:
2226:
2199:
2178:
2169:
2149:
2113:
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2059:
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2021:
1934:
1879:
1804:
1787:
1741:
1666:
1583:
1547:
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1450:
1362:
1194:
1187:
1131:
1016:
976:
256:
251:
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183:
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159:
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126:
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104:
99:
81:
67:
53:
954:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
518:CBERS-4A was launched 20 December 2019 on board a
335:China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation
280:) is a technological cooperation program between
479:rocket carrying it malfunctioned. The identical
2356:Space program of the People's Republic of China
2351:China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program
794:Brazil-China: 20 Years of Cooperation in Space
274:China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellite program
1983:
922:
826:
608:"Frequently asked questions on CBERS program"
8:
789:Brasil-China: 20 Anos de Cooperação Espacial
32:
2270:Aerospace Technology and Science Department
694:. Encyclopedia Astronautica. Archived from
2175:
2110:
2025:
1990:
1976:
1968:
1544:
1191:
1177:
973:
949:China National Space Administration (CNSA)
929:
915:
907:
833:
819:
811:
451:High Resolution Panchromatic Camera (HRC).
38:
315:Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais
44:Line drawing of the CBERS/ZY-1 spacecraft
1891:Chinese reusable experimental spacecraft
964:People's Liberation Army Astronaut Corps
341:(CNSA) and various other organizations.
842:China–Brazil Earth Resources Satellites
573:
506:Panchromatic and Multispectral Camera.
497:Infrared Multispectral Scanner Camera.
454:coverage of the Earth by this camera.
425:Infrared Multispectral Scanner Camera.
31:
2260:National Institute for Space Research
7:
1958:. Failed missions marked with † sign
2265:Aeronautics Institute of Technology
2209:("Cruzeiro do Sul" launcher family)
368:The first satellite of the series,
339:China National Space Administration
1795:BeiDou Navigation Satellite System
767:Rui C. Barbosa (7 December 2014).
488:Advanced Wide Field Imager Camera.
25:
2234:Barreira do Inferno Launch Center
724:"CBERS-2B first images delivered"
583:"CBERS 3, 4, 4B / ZY 1D, 1E, 1E2"
331:China Academy of Space Technology
2015:Science and technology in Brazil
1999:
672:
630:
536:
524:Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center
1:
1667:Space laboratories and cargos
2215:(collaboration with Ukraine)
1165:(interplanetary exploration)
786:Fabíola de Oliveira (2009).
668:"Display: CBERS 2 2003-049A"
626:"Display: CBERS 1 1999-057A"
333:(CAST) (a sub-entity of the
290:Earth observation satellites
288:which develops and operates
327:Agência Espacial Brasileira
2377:
1954:Future missions marked in
1657:List of Chinese astronauts
461:
436:
357:
2012:
1950:
1176:
972:
959:China Manned Space Agency
944:
893:
848:
413:Medium Resolution Camera.
404:Wide Field Imager Camera.
266:
247:
243:
142:
138:
134:
95:
91:
49:
37:
650:"The Launch of CBERS-2B"
2361:Space program of Brazil
2239:Alcântara Launch Center
2006:Brazilian space program
557:Brazilian space program
2322:International programs
2255:Brazilian Space Agency
1743:Tiangong space station
771:. NASASpaceflight.com.
726:. INPE. Archived from
652:. INPE. Archived from
610:. INPE. Archived from
379:The second satellite,
326:
319:Brazilian Space Agency
2329:Artemis Space Program
1441:Space Solar Telescope
1182:Projects and missions
938:Chinese space program
552:Chinese space program
121:Sun-synchronous orbit
1548:Uncrewed expeditions
1132:Exploration programs
309:Responsible agencies
2072:Flora Hiperspectral
1942:Lanyue Lunar Lander
1153:(lunar exploration)
1147:(human spaceflight)
895:Future missions in
614:on 6 February 2007.
587:Gunter's Space Page
458:CBERS-3 and CBERS-4
354:CBERS-1 and CBERS-2
34:
1805:Telecommunications
1584:Crewed expeditions
698:on 3 January 2010.
544:Spaceflight portal
252:Related spacecraft
2338:
2337:
2308:Missão Centenário
2222:
2221:
2165:
2164:
2100:
2099:
1965:
1964:
1783:
1782:
1779:
1778:
1532:
1531:
1451:Earth observation
1195:Planetary science
1172:
1171:
980:and landing sites
904:
903:
803:978-85-60064-18-2
270:
269:
239:
225:
54:Country of origin
16:(Redirected from
2368:
2176:
2111:
2026:
2004:
2003:
1992:
1985:
1978:
1969:
1927:
1919:
1911:
1903:
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1279:
1271:
1263:
1255:
1247:
1239:
1231:
1223:
1214:
1206:
1192:
1178:
1104:(In development)
1098:(In development)
974:
931:
924:
917:
908:
835:
828:
821:
812:
807:
780:Addition reading
773:
772:
764:
758:
757:
755:
753:
744:. Archived from
738:
732:
731:
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238:20 December 2019
237:
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42:
35:
21:
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2317:
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2218:
2195:
2171:
2161:
2145:
2106:
2096:
2055:
2017:
2008:
1998:
1996:
1966:
1961:
1946:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1884:
1882:
1875:
1870:
1862:
1854:
1846:
1838:
1830:
1822:
1820:Chinasat Series
1814:
1800:
1775:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1737:
1732:
1724:
1716:
1708:
1700:
1692:
1684:
1676:
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1579:
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1523:
1513:
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1492:
1484:
1476:
1468:
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1434:
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1408:
1400:
1392:
1384:
1376:
1367:
1365:
1358:
1353:
1343:
1333:
1323:
1313:
1303:
1293:
1285:
1277:
1269:
1261:
1253:
1245:
1237:
1229:
1221:
1212:
1204:
1183:
1168:
1159:(space station)
1127:
1018:Launch vehicles
1012:
1007:Siziwang Banner
968:
940:
935:
905:
900:
889:
844:
839:
804:
785:
782:
777:
776:
766:
765:
761:
751:
749:
740:
739:
735:
730:on 6 July 2011.
722:
721:
717:
708:
707:
703:
690:
689:
685:
673:
666:
665:
661:
656:on 6 July 2011.
648:
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643:
631:
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623:
619:
606:
605:
601:
591:
589:
581:Krebs, Gunter.
580:
579:
575:
570:
542:
537:
535:
532:
516:
470:
462:Main articles:
460:
441:
435:
397:
366:
358:Main articles:
356:
347:
313:In Brazil, the
311:
298:
236:
224:14 October 1999
222:
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28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2224:
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2220:
2219:
2217:
2216:
2210:
2203:
2201:
2197:
2196:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2182:
2180:
2179:In development
2173:
2167:
2166:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2159:
2153:
2151:
2147:
2146:
2144:
2143:
2138:
2133:
2128:
2123:
2117:
2115:
2108:
2102:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2063:
2061:
2060:In development
2057:
2056:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2032:
2030:
2023:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2009:
1997:
1995:
1994:
1987:
1980:
1972:
1963:
1962:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1948:
1947:
1945:
1944:
1938:
1936:
1932:
1931:
1929:
1928:
1926:(2016–present)
1920:
1918:(1971–present)
1915:Shijian Series
1912:
1910:(2016–present)
1904:
1896:
1887:
1885:
1880:
1877:
1876:
1874:
1873:
1871:(2024–present)
1865:
1863:(2024–present)
1857:
1855:(2019–present)
1849:
1847:(2008–present)
1841:
1839:(2024–present)
1836:Tiandu 1 and 2
1833:
1831:(2018–present)
1825:
1823:(1994–present)
1817:
1815:(1994–present)
1808:
1806:
1802:
1801:
1799:
1798:
1791:
1789:
1785:
1784:
1781:
1780:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1773:
1771:(2022–present)
1765:
1763:(2022–present)
1757:
1755:(2021–present)
1748:
1746:
1739:
1738:
1736:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1703:
1695:
1687:
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1603:
1598:
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1580:
1578:
1577:
1572:
1567:
1562:
1557:
1551:
1549:
1542:
1534:
1533:
1530:
1529:
1527:
1526:
1516:
1514:(1999–present)
1503:
1501:(2006–present)
1495:
1493:(2016–present)
1487:
1485:(2002–present)
1482:Haiyang Series
1479:
1477:(2013–present)
1471:
1463:
1461:(2018–present)
1454:
1452:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1444:
1437:
1427:
1419:
1414:Einstein Probe
1411:
1409:(2022–present)
1403:
1401:(2021–present)
1395:
1393:(2020–present)
1387:
1385:(2017–present)
1379:
1377:(2015–present)
1370:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1359:
1357:
1356:
1346:
1336:
1326:
1316:
1306:
1296:
1288:
1286:(2021–present)
1280:
1278:(2020–present)
1272:
1270:(2020–present)
1264:
1262:(2018–present)
1256:
1254:(2018–present)
1248:
1240:
1238:(2014–present)
1232:
1230:(2013–present)
1224:
1215:
1213:(2010–present)
1207:
1198:
1196:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1181:
1174:
1173:
1170:
1169:
1167:
1166:
1160:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1135:
1133:
1129:
1128:
1126:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1099:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1022:
1020:
1014:
1013:
1011:
1010:
1009:(landing site)
1004:
999:
994:
989:
983:
981:
970:
969:
967:
966:
961:
956:
951:
945:
942:
941:
936:
934:
933:
926:
919:
911:
902:
901:
894:
891:
890:
888:
887:
880:
875:
870:
865:
860:
855:
849:
846:
845:
840:
838:
837:
830:
823:
815:
809:
808:
802:
781:
778:
775:
774:
759:
748:on 25 May 2013
733:
715:
701:
683:
659:
641:
617:
599:
572:
571:
569:
566:
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559:
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531:
528:
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512:
511:
510:
502:
501:
493:
492:
477:Chang Zheng 4B
459:
456:
437:Main article:
434:
431:
430:
429:
421:
420:
409:
408:
396:
393:
355:
352:
346:
343:
337:) (CASC), the
310:
307:
297:
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2248:Organisation
2227:Launch sites
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1259:Yutu-2 rover
1235:Chang'e 5-T1
1096:Long March 9
1091:Long March 8
1086:Long March 7
1081:Long March 6
1076:Long March 5
1056:Long March 4
1036:Long March 3
1031:Long March 2
1026:Long March 1
896:
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750:. Retrieved
746:the original
736:
728:the original
718:
704:
696:the original
686:
662:
654:the original
644:
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612:the original
602:
590:. Retrieved
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522:rocket from
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257:Derived from
82:Applications
29:
1902:(1969–2006)
1899:FSW Program
1852:Tianlian II
1685:(2016–2019)
1677:(2011–2018)
1651:Shenzhou 18
1646:Shenzhou 17
1641:Shenzhou 16
1636:Shenzhou 15
1631:Shenzhou 14
1626:Shenzhou 13
1621:Shenzhou 12
1616:Shenzhou 11
1611:Shenzhou 10
1540:spaceflight
1466:Double Star
1246:(2013–2016)
1141:(cancelled)
592:30 November
230:Last launch
184:Operational
155:Operational
127:Design life
2345:Categories
2022:Satellites
1881:Technology
1844:Tianlian I
1788:Navigation
1730:Tianzhou 6
1722:Tianzhou 5
1714:Tianzhou 4
1706:Tianzhou 3
1698:Tianzhou 2
1690:Tianzhou 1
1682:Tiangong 2
1674:Tiangong 1
1606:Shenzhou 9
1601:Shenzhou 7
1596:Shenzhou 6
1591:Shenzhou 5
1575:Shenzhou 8
1570:Shenzhou 4
1565:Shenzhou 3
1560:Shenzhou 2
1555:Shenzhou 1
1243:Yutu rover
978:Spaceports
568:References
345:Satellites
323:Portuguese
147:Production
2313:Garatéa-L
2213:Tsyklon-4
2077:SABIA-Mar
1868:Queqiao 2
1469:(2003–07)
1366:cosmology
1350:Tianwen-3
1340:Tianwen-4
1330:Chang'e 8
1320:Chang'e 7
1310:Tianwen-2
1291:Chang'e 6
1275:Chang'e 5
1267:Tianwen-1
1251:Chang'e 4
1227:Chang'e 3
1218:Yinghuo 1
1210:Chang'e 2
1205:(2007–09)
1202:Chang'e 1
1123:Kaituozhe
130:2-3 years
2279:Missions
2200:Canceled
2172:vehicles
2150:Canceled
2141:Fogtrein
2105:Sounding
2051:Amazônia
2029:Programs
1768:Mengtian
1157:Tiangong
1139:Shuguang
1118:Kuaizhou
997:Wenchang
884:CBERS-4B
878:CBERS-4A
863:CBERS-2B
752:16 April
562:Ziyuan 3
530:See also
514:CBERS-4A
491:surface.
444:CBERS-2B
439:CBERS-2B
433:CBERS-2B
407:surface.
389:CBERS-2B
234:CBERS-4A
176:Launched
160:On order
68:Operator
2107:rockets
1956:italics
1935:Related
1923:XPNAV 1
1860:Qianfan
1828:Queqiao
1760:Wentian
1745:modules
1431:Xuntian
1300:Shensuo
1188:Science
1163:Tianwen
1151:Chang'e
1002:Xichang
992:Taiyuan
987:Jiuquan
897:italics
873:CBERS-4
868:CBERS-3
858:CBERS-2
853:CBERS-1
670:. NASA.
628:. NASA.
481:CBERS-4
473:CBERS-3
468:CBERS-4
464:CBERS-3
381:CBERS-2
370:CBERS-1
364:CBERS-2
360:CBERS-1
296:History
220:CBERS-1
192:Retired
2170:Launch
2131:VSB-30
2114:Active
2092:GEOMET
2087:LATTES
1894:(2020)
1752:Tianhe
1733:(2023)
1725:(2022)
1717:(2022)
1709:(2021)
1701:(2021)
1693:(2017)
1524:(2025)
1490:TanSat
1435:(2026)
1425:(2024)
1417:(2023)
1354:(2030)
1344:(2029)
1334:(2028)
1324:(2026)
1314:(2025)
1304:(2024)
1294:(2024)
1222:(2011)
800:
282:Brazil
261:Ziyuan
200:Failed
152:Status
117:Regime
62:Brazil
2286:VLS-1
2207:VLS-1
2191:VS-50
2157:VS-15
2136:VS-40
2126:VS-30
2121:Sonda
2067:ASTER
2041:CBERS
1907:QUESS
1797:(BDS)
1538:Human
1520:SMILE
1510:CBERS
1406:ASO-S
1398:CHASE
1390:GECAM
1374:DAMPE
792:[
286:China
278:CBERS
168:Built
58:China
33:CBERS
18:CBERS
2082:SARA
2046:SGDC
1458:CSES
1422:SVOM
1382:HXMT
798:ISBN
754:2012
692:"ZY"
594:2013
466:and
362:and
284:and
272:The
208:Lost
76:INPE
72:CNSA
2301:V03
2296:V02
2291:V01
2186:VLM
2036:SCD
1145:CMS
106:Bus
2347::
1512:)
1220:†
585:.
526:.
391:.
325::
292:.
74:/
60:/
1991:e
1984:t
1977:v
1659:)
1655:(
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930:e
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806:.
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712:.
681:.
639:.
596:.
321:(
276:(
211:1
203:0
195:3
187:2
179:6
171:6
163:1
20:)
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