242:(DMA) channel. The distinction between these I/O types was that regular I/O would 'hang' the CPU until the I/O operation completed, but DMA I/O allowed the CPU to proceed with instruction execution concurrently with the data transfer. The interrupt system was purely based on IO, meaning that all interrupts were generated externally. Interrupts were introduced to neophytes as being the alert mechanism by which a program could be informed that a previously initiated DMA I/O operation was completed.
251:
27:
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233:
The 160G model extended the registers and memory words to 13 bits; in G mode, all 13 bits were used, while in A mode, only the lower 12 bits were used, for binary compatibility with the 160-A. The 160G added some instructions, including built-in multiply and divide instructions, and some additional
226:
allowed other 4K banks of memory to be addressed, albeit clumsily, up to a total of 32,768 words. The extra memory was expensive and had to live in a separate box as large as the 160 itself. The 160-A model could also accept a multiply/divide unit, which was another large and expensive peripheral
218:
accumulator but no multiply or divide. There was a full complement of instructions and several addressing modes. Indirect addressing was almost as good as index registers. The instruction set supported both relative (to the current P register) and absolute. The original instruction set did not
190:
The CDC 160-A was a simple piece of hardware, and yet provided a variety of features which were scaled-down capabilities found only on larger systems. It was therefore an ideal platform for introducing neophyte programmers to the sophisticated concepts of low-level
157:. The CDC 160 and CDC 160-A were 12-bit minicomputers built from 1960 to 1965; the CDC 160G was a 13-bit minicomputer, with an extended version of the CDC 160-A instruction set, and a compatibility mode in which it did not use the 13th bit. The 160 was designed by
186:
A publishing company that purchased a CDC 160-A described it as "a single user machine with no batch processing capability. Programmers and/or users would go to the computer room, sit at the console, load the paper tape bootstrap and start up a program."
342:
mainframe computers and its successors. Large parts of the 160 instruction set were unchanged in the peripheral processors. However, there were changes to incorporate the 6000 data channel programming, and control of the
237:
Low-level I/O allowed control of devices, interfacing for determining device status, and for reading and writing data as either single bytes, or as blocks. I/O could be completed to a register, or to memory, or via a
230:
In the 160 and 160-A, the memory cycle time was 6.4 microseconds. An add took two cycles. The average instruction took 15 microseconds, for a processing rate of 67,000 instructions per second.
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In the 160-A model, a "return jump" and a memory bank-switch instruction was added. Return-jump allowed simple subroutine calls and
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ran in the PPs. This left the central processor unencumbered by operating system demands and available for user programs.
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509:) computer that became the prototype I/O processor for the peripheral processors surrounding the CDC 6600 and 7600.
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The CDC 160, rumored to have been designed over a weekend by Cray, was CDC's first $ 60,000
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161:- reportedly over a long three-day weekend. It fit into the desk where its operator sat.
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have a subroutine call instruction and could only address one bank of memory.
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joint-marketed the 160-A under its own name for several years in the 1960s.
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by 30 inches (740 mm × 1,560 mm × 760 mm)
214:. Memory on the 160 was 4096 12-bit words. The CPU had a 12-bit
539:
Creating the computer: government, industry, and high technology
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The 160 architecture was modified to become the basis of the
347:. In the early days of the 6000s, almost the entire
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563:Peter Clark (July 1982). "DEC TIMESHARING (1965)".
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521:"A Programmer's Reference Manual for the CDC-160"
75:$ 100,000 equivalent to $ 1,029,921 in 2023
464:Control Data 160G Programming Reference Manual
434:Control Data 160-A Computer Programming Manual
741:
320:Model BRPE-11 Teletype paper punch tape punch
8:
542:. Brookings Institution Press. p. 118.
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640:. Control Data Corporation. November 1962
586:. Control Data Corporation. December 1962
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470:. Control Data Corporation. May 11, 1965
280:Control Data's Satellite Computer System
31:CDC 160-A with close-up of control panel
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277:Communications and telemetering systems
440:. Control Data Corporation. March 1963
206:reader, and a punch, and most had an
7:
660:"Control Data 160G Computer System"
494:"Seymour Cray's Machines (Part 2)"
14:
1030:Control Data Corporation hardware
721:Computer History Museum- CDC 160A
784:
580:Control Data 160 Typewriter Unit
408:. Control Data Corporation. 1960
373:, desk scientific computer from
363:, desk scientific computer from
290:163 or 164 Magnetic tape systems
402:160 Computer Programming Manual
296:1610 Card read and punch system
492:Lawrence Liddiard (May 1986).
271:Data acquisition and reduction
1:
716:Control Data 160-A Overview
688:"Control Data 160 Computer"
634:Control Data 160-A Computer
323:603 Magnetic tape transport
274:Engineering problem solving
91:4096 words of magnetic core
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665:. Control Data Corporation
613:. Control Data Corporation
268:Commercial data processing
265:Scientific data processing
164:The 160 architecture uses
927:Chippewa Operating System
782:
607:Control Data 160 Computer
314:169 Auxiliary memory unit
305:166 Buffered line printer
129:810 lb (370 kg)
24:
1035:Transistorized computers
757:Control Data Corporation
262:Off-line data conversion
155:Control Data Corporation
51:Control Data Corporation
977:PLATO (computer system)
536:Flamm, Kenneth (1988).
208:IBM Electric typewriter
259:Real-time applications
255:
202:All 160 systems had a
972:Storage Module Device
335:peripheral processors
317:350 Paper tape reader
253:
210:modified to act as a
986:Affiliated companies
565:The DEC Professional
240:direct memory access
311:168 Arithmetic unit
293:161 Typewriter unit
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256:
234:addressing modes.
72:Introductory price
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345:central processor
299:1612 Line printer
246:Application areas
212:computer terminal
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1040:12-bit computers
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377:released in 1960
367:released in 1959
349:operating system
216:ones' complement
170:end-around carry
168:arithmetic with
166:ones' complement
149:was a series of
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821:CDC 6000 series
816:CDC 3000 series
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340:CDC 6000 series
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308:167 Card reader
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138:CDC 6000 series
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960:Other products
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771:William Norris
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710:External links
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861:CDC Cyber 200
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693:. August 1961
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567:. p. 34.
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254:CDC 160 panel
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80:Units shipped
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988:and products
856:CDC STAR-100
805:
776:Seymour Cray
697:November 26,
695:. Retrieved
667:. Retrieved
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642:. Retrieved
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615:. Retrieved
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588:. Retrieved
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472:. Retrieved
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410:. Retrieved
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193:input/output
189:
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159:Seymour Cray
146:
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57:Release date
47:Manufacturer
41:Seymour Cray
16:Minicomputer
995:ETA Systems
896:Languages:
302:165 Plotter
285:Peripherals
99:115 V, 12 A
1024:Categories
932:CDC Kronos
764:Key people
549:0815728506
382:References
328:Successors
204:paper-tape
195:(I/O) and
104:Dimensions
1009:Cray Inc.
949:CDC SCOPE
874:CDC Cyber
794:Computers
669:March 28,
644:March 28,
617:March 28,
590:March 28,
474:March 28,
444:March 28,
412:March 28,
199:systems.
197:interrupt
153:built by
134:Successor
37:Developer
967:CDC Wren
883:Software
838:CDC 8600
833:CDC 7600
826:CDC 6600
811:CDC 1700
801:CDC 1604
361:IBM 1620
355:See also
182:Overview
900:COMPASS
507:desktop
371:CAB 500
116:⁄
88:Storage
62: (
20:CDC 160
942:NOS/VE
848:Vector
546:
107:29 by
1000:ETA10
915:MIMIC
910:Cybil
905:SYMPL
691:(PDF)
663:(PDF)
638:(PDF)
611:(PDF)
584:(PDF)
505:(not
497:(PDF)
468:(PDF)
438:(PDF)
406:(PDF)
227:box.
96:Power
923:OS:
699:2017
671:2013
646:2013
619:2013
592:2013
544:ISBN
503:desk
476:2013
446:2013
414:2013
145:The
126:Mass
64:1960
60:1960
937:NOS
890:026
523:by
375:SEA
365:IBM
176:NCR
83:400
1026::
679:^
499:.
484:^
454:^
422:^
390:^
172:.
109:61
749:e
742:t
735:v
701:.
673:.
648:.
621:.
594:.
552:.
478:.
448:.
416:.
118:2
114:1
111:+
66:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
