1977:
1969:
1922:
87.6) in the HPV-positive subgroup and 57.1% (95% CI, 48.1 to 66.1) in the HPV-negative subgroup, and the 3-year rates of progression-free survival were 73.7% (95% CI, 67.7 to 79.8) and 43.4% (95% CI, 34.4 to 52.4), respectively. p16 status is so prognostic that the AJCC staging system has been revised to include p16 status in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer group staging. However, some people can have elevated levels of p16 but test negative for HPV and vice versa. This is known as discordant cancer. The 5-year survival for people who test positive for HPV and p16 is 81%, for discordant cancer it is 53–55%, and 40% for those who test negative for p16 and HPV.
1940:(HPV), whereas cancers in which p16 is downregulated will usually have other causes. For patients with oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma, using immunohistochemistry to detect the presence of the p16 biomarker has been shown to be the strongest indicator of disease course. Presence of the biomarker is associated with a more favorable prognosis as measured by cancer-specific survival (CSS), recurrence-free survival (RFS), locoregional control (LRC), as well as other measurements. The appearance of hypermethylation of p16 is also being evaluated as a potential prognostic biomarker for prostate cancer.
350:
327:
224:
4925:
249:
4955:
4940:
4910:
2046:
activated by running, while, in wild-type p16INK4a dentate gyrus stem cells are not affected by running. Therefore, p16Ink4a plays a role in the maintenance of dentate gyrus stem cells after stimulus, by keeping a reserve of their self-renewal capacity during aging. Since the dentate gyrus plays a key role in spatial and contextual memory formation, p16INK4a is implicated in the maintenance of cognitive functions during aging.
49:
356:
255:
1462:
2029:. Therefore, p16INK4a could potentially be used as a blood test that measures how fast the body's tissues are aging at a molecular level. Notably, a recent survey of cellular senescence induced by multiple treatments to several cell lines does not identify p16 as belonging to a "core signature" of senescence markers.
1917:
change leads to loss of the tumor suppressor gene function through two possible mechanisms: first, methylation can physically inhibit the transcription of the gene, and second, methylation can lead to the recruitment of transcription factors that repress transcription. Both mechanisms cause the same
1921:
p16 positivity has been shown to be favorably prognostic in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. In a retrospective trial analysis of patients with Stage III and IV oropharyngeal cancer, HPV status was assessed and it was found that the 3-year rates of overall survival were 82.4% (95% CI, 77.2 to
2062:
Since its discovery, p16 has become significant in the field of cancer research. The protein was suspected to be involved in carcinogenesis due to the observation that mutation or deletion in the gene was implicated in human cancer cell lines. The detection of p16 inactivation in familial melanoma
2040:
Increasing p16INK4a expression during aging is associated with reduced progenitor functions from the subventricular zone, which generates throughout life new neurons migrating to the olfactory bulb, thereby reducing olfactory neurogenesis. Deletion of p16INK4a does not affect neurogenesis in the
1838:
This pathway connects the processes of tumor oncogenesis and senescence, fixing them on opposite ends of a spectrum. On one end, p16 hypermethylation, mutation, or deletion leads to downregulation of the gene and can lead to cancer through the dysregulation of cell cycle progression. Conversely,
2045:
of the hippocampus. However, recently, it has been demonstrated that p16INK4a protects from depletion after a powerful proneurogenic stimulus—i.e., running— also stem and progenitor cells of the aged dentate gyrus. In fact, after deletion of p16INK4a, stem cells of the dentate gyrus are greatly
1908:
Hypermethylation of tumor suppressor genes has been implicated in various cancers. In 2013, a meta-analysis revealed an increased frequency of DNA methylation of the p16 gene in esophageal cancer. As the degree of tumor differentiation increased, so did the frequency of p16 DNA methylation.
75:
1855:
PRC1 and PRC2 are two protein complexes that modify the expression of p16 through the interaction of various transcription factors that execute methylation patterns that can repress transcription of p16. These pathways are activated in the cellular response to reduce senescence.
608:
615:
601:
1918:
end result: downregulation of gene expression that leads to decreased levels of the p16 protein. It has been suggested that this process is responsible for the development of various forms of cancer serving as an alternative process to gene deletion or mutation.
1912:
Tissue samples of primary oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) often display hypermethylation in the promoter regions of p16. Cancer cells show a significant increase in the accumulation of methylation in CpG islands in the promoter region of p16. This
2008:
More than a third of urinary bladder SCCs express p16. SCCs of urinary bladder express p16 independent of gender. p16 immunohistochemical expression alone cannot be used to discriminate between SCCs arising from uterine cervix versus urinary bladder.
3418:
Mehanna H, Taberna M, von
Buchwald C, Tous S, Brooks J, Mena M, et al. (March 2023). "Prognostic implications of p16 and HPV discordance in oropharyngeal cancer (HNCIG-EPIC-OPC): a multicentre, multinational, individual patient data analysis".
1935:
Expression of p16 is used as a prognostic biomarker for certain types of cancer. The reason for this is different types of cancer can have different effects on p16 expression: cancers that overexpress p16 are usually caused by the
1826:
p16 is an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK). It slows down the cell cycle by prohibiting progression from G1 phase to S phase. Otherwise, CDK4/6 binds cyclin D and forms an active protein complex that phosphorylates
1799:, a protein responsible for the degradation of p53. In spite of their structural and functional differences, the CDK inhibitor isoforms and the ARF product encoded by this gene, through the regulatory roles of CDK4 and p53 in
2063:
supplied further evidence. p16 deletion, mutation, hypermethylation, or overexpression is now associated with various cancers. Whether mutations in p16 can be considered to be driver mutations requires further investigation.
1886:
in CDKN2A have, besides their high risks of melanoma, also increased risks of pancreatic, lung, laryngeal and oropharyngeal cancers. Tobacco smoking increases the carriers’ susceptibility for such non-melanoma cancers.
1835:. This liberates E2F1 from its bound state in the cytoplasm and allows it to enter the nucleus. Once in the nucleus, E2F1 promotes the transcription of target genes that are essential for transition from G1 to S phase.
1851:
Regulation of p16 is complex and involves the interaction of several transcription factors, as well as several proteins involved in epigenetic modification through methylation and repression of the promoter region.
1976:
156:, CDK4I, CDKN2, CMM2, INK4, INK4A, MLM, MTS-1, MTS1, P14, P14ARF, P16, P16-INK4A, P16INK4, P16INK4A, P19, P19ARF, TP16, cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor 2A, Genes, p16, ARF.
4924:
2821:
Caldas C, Hahn SA, da Costa LT, Redston MS, Schutte M, Seymour AB, et al. (September 1994). "Frequent somatic mutations and homozygous deletions of the p16 (MTS1) gene in pancreatic adenocarcinoma".
1803:, share a common functionality in controlling the G1 phase of the cell cycle. This gene is frequently mutated or deleted in a wide variety of tumors and is known to be an important tumor suppressor gene.
4127:
Zhao L, Samuels T, Winckler S, Korgaonkar C, Tompkins V, Horne MC, et al. (January 2003). "Cyclin G1 has growth inhibitory activity linked to the ARF-Mdm2-p53 and pRb tumor suppressor pathways".
5505:
3209:
Sharma G, Mirza S, Prasad CP, Srivastava A, Gupta SD, Ralhan R (April 2007). "Promoter hypermethylation of p16INK4A, p14ARF, CyclinD2 and Slit2 in serum and tumor DNA from breast cancer patients".
1869:
Mutations resulting in deletion or reduction of function of the CDKN2A gene are associated with increased risk of a wide range of cancers, and alterations of the gene are frequently seen in cancer
1645:(the omission of a part of the DNA sequence during replication) in this gene can result in insufficient or non-functional p16, accelerating the cell cycle and resulting in many types of cancer.
2000:(HPV) infection and neoplasms of cervical origin. The majority of SCCs of uterine cervix express p16. However, p16 can be expressed in other neoplasms and in several normal human tissues.
3509:
Oguejiofor KK, Hall JS, Mani N, Douglas C, Slevin NJ, Homer J, et al. (November 2013). "The prognostic significance of the biomarker p16 in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma".
4157:
Li J, Melvin WS, Tsai MD, Muscarella P (April 2004). "The nuclear protein p34SEI-1 regulates the kinase activity of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 in a concentration-dependent manner".
3117:
Demokan S, Chuang A, Suoğlu Y, Ulusan M, Yalnız Z, Califano JA, et al. (October 2012). "Promoter methylation and loss of p16(INK4a) gene expression in head and neck cancer".
2984:
Igaki H, Sasaki H, Kishi T, Sakamoto H, Tachimori Y, Kato H, et al. (September 1994). "Highly frequent homozygous deletion of the p16 gene in esophageal cancer cell lines".
2908:
Liu L, Lassam NJ, Slingerland JM, Bailey D, Cole D, Jenkins R, et al. (July 1995). "Germline p16INK4A mutation and protein dysfunction in a family with inherited melanoma".
2492:
Krishnamurthy J, Ramsey MR, Ligon KL, Torrice C, Koh A, Bonner-Weir S, et al. (September 2006). "p16INK4a induces an age-dependent decline in islet regenerative potential".
4954:
3634:
Hwang H, Tse C, Rodriguez S, Gown A, Churg A (May 2014). "p16 FISH deletion in surface epithelial mesothelial proliferations is predictive of underlying invasive mesothelioma".
4406:
Russo AA, Tong L, Lee JO, Jeffrey PD, Pavletich NP (September 1998). "Structural basis for inhibition of the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk6 by the tumour suppressor p16INK4a".
3758:
Cioffi-Lavina M, Chapman-Fredricks J, Gomez-Fernandez C, Ganjei-Azar P, Manoharan M, Jorda M (July 2010). "P16 expression in squamous cell carcinomas of cervix and bladder".
5498:
1791:
that specifies a protein that is structurally unrelated to the products of the other variants. The ARF product functions as a stabilizer of the tumor suppressor protein
363:
262:
3712:
Dreyer JH, Hauck F, Oliveira-Silva M, Barros MH, Niedobitek G (April 2013). "Detection of HPV infection in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: a practical proposal".
3697:
1984:
As consensus grows regarding the strength of p16 as a biomarker for detecting and determining prognoses of cancer, p16 immunohistochemistry is growing in importance.
1561:
2054:
Researchers Manuel
Serrano, Gregory J. Hannon and David Beach discovered p16 in 1993 and correctly characterized the protein as a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor.
2648:
Cao R, Wang L, Wang H, Xia L, Erdjument-Bromage H, Tempst P, et al. (November 2002). "Role of histone H3 lysine 27 methylation in
Polycomb-group silencing".
3472:
1980:
To count as positive, p16 immunohistochemistry should show "block" staining, which is strong nuclear and cytoplasmic expression in a continuous segment of cells.
5762:
5491:
4995:
2277:
Nobori T, Miura K, Wu DJ, Lois A, Takabayashi K, Carson DA (April 1994). "Deletions of the cyclin-dependent kinase-4 inhibitor gene in multiple human cancers".
4939:
4909:
5992:
3803:"Aging of mice is associated with p16(Ink4a)- and β-galactosidase-positive macrophage accumulation that can be induced in young mice by senescent cells"
2865:
Bartsch D, Shevlin DW, Tung WS, Kisker O, Wells SA, Goodfellow PJ (November 1995). "Frequent mutations of CDKN2 in primary pancreatic adenocarcinomas".
1133:
185:
1114:
72:
5836:
5831:
5287:
5181:
2328:
Stone S, Jiang P, Dayananth P, Tavtigian SV, Katcher H, Parry D, et al. (July 1995). "Complex structure and regulation of the P16 (MTS1) locus".
2018:
6183:
3070:"DNA methylation profiling revealed promoter hypermethylation-induced silencing of p16, DDAH2 and DUSP1 in primary oral squamous cell carcinoma"
1968:
4889:
2438:
2242:
1509:
2360:
Serrano M, Hannon GJ, Beach D (December 1993). "A new regulatory motif in cell-cycle control causing specific inhibition of cyclin D/CDK4".
2224:
6336:
5227:
1992:
p16 is a widely used immunohistochemical marker in gynecologic pathology. Strong and diffuse cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of p16 in
3162:"Promoter methylation of P16, RARbeta, E-cadherin, cyclin A1 and cytoglobin in oral cancer: quantitative evaluation using pyrosequencing"
4843:
349:
1653:
1393:
4988:
1400:
4653:"ARF promotes MDM2 degradation and stabilizes p53: ARF-INK4a locus deletion impairs both the Rb and p53 tumor suppression pathways"
326:
3021:"Capturing the biological impact of CDKN2A and MC1R genes as an early predisposing event in melanoma and non melanoma skin cancer"
5688:
2263:
6341:
2211:
2190:
4601:"Ribosomal protein L11 negatively regulates oncoprotein MDM2 and mediates a p53-dependent ribosomal-stress checkpoint pathway"
5550:
3293:
Xu R, Wang F, Wu L, Wang J, Lu C (January 2013). "A systematic review of hypermethylation of p16 gene in esophageal cancer".
4855:
2207:
1581:
248:
223:
2186:
4981:
3587:"Distant metastasis in p16-positive oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma: a critical analysis of patterns and outcomes"
165:
5802:
5297:
3019:
Puig-Butille JA, Escámez MJ, Garcia-Garcia F, Tell-Marti G, Fabra Ă€, MartĂnez-SantamarĂa L, et al. (March 2014).
2072:
362:
261:
4933:: MECHANISM OF G1 CYCLIN DEPENDENT KINASE INHIBITION FROM THE STRUCTURE OF THE CDK6-P16INK4A TUMOR SUPPRESSOR COMPLEX
4792:"The human tumor suppressor arf interacts with spinophilin/neurabin II, a type 1 protein-phosphatase-binding protein"
3379:"Head and Neck cancers-major changes in the American Joint Committee on cancer eighth edition cancer staging manual"
5816:
5724:
5640:
5611:
5438:
5141:
2098:
355:
254:
4308:"Inhibition of pRb phosphorylation and cell-cycle progression by a 20-residue peptide derived from p16CDKN2/INK4A"
6212:
6050:
5850:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5106:
5101:
5096:
4882:
2092:
2086:
1780:
5669:
5555:
4837:
4743:"The Ink4a tumor suppressor gene product, p19Arf, interacts with MDM2 and neutralizes MDM2's inhibition of p53"
1760:
1178:
173:
1569:
4334:
3246:"Hypermethylation of p16 and DAPK promoter gene regions in patients with non-invasive urinary bladder cancer"
5895:
5573:
5088:
2158:
1993:
1843:, DNA damage, or senescence leads to the buildup of p16 in tissues and is implicated in the aging of cells.
1840:
1696:
1159:
6272:
6081:
4166:
2701:"The Polycomb group proteins bind throughout the INK4A-ARF locus and are disassociated in senescent cells"
1828:
3956:
Baker DJ, Wijshake T, Tchkonia T, LeBrasseur NK, Childs BG, van de Sluis B, et al. (November 2011).
2699:
Bracken AP, Kleine-Kohlbrecher D, Dietrich N, Pasini D, Gargiulo G, Beekman C, et al. (March 2007).
5771:
5582:
5526:
5514:
5420:
5171:
1997:
1565:
6197:
4875:
4741:
Pomerantz J, Schreiber-Agus N, Liégeois NJ, Silverman A, Alland L, Chin L, et al. (March 1998).
4415:
4029:
3969:
3912:
3585:
Sinha P, Thorstad WT, Nussenbaum B, Haughey BH, Adkins DR, Kallogjeri D, et al. (January 2014).
2657:
2501:
2369:
2286:
1937:
1752:
1661:
1522:
237:
33:
3377:
Lydiatt WM, Patel SG, O'Sullivan B, Brandwein MS, Ridge JA, Migliacci JC, et al. (March 2017).
152:
6346:
5655:
4861:
4849:
4205:
Sugimoto M, Nakamura T, Ohtani N, Hampson L, Hampson IN, Shimamoto A, et al. (November 1999).
4171:
4016:
Molofsky AV, Slutsky SG, Joseph NM, He S, Pardal R, Krishnamurthy J, et al. (September 2006).
1949:
1768:
1368:
1337:
1325:
1297:
1276:
1254:
4078:"p16Ink4a Prevents the Activation of Aged Quiescent Dentate Gyrus Stem Cells by Physical Exercise"
1376:
1347:
5710:
5433:
5238:
4772:
4682:
4555:"Association of p14ARF with the p120E4F transcriptional repressor enhances cell cycle inhibition"
4553:
Rizos H, Diefenbach E, Badhwar P, Woodruff S, Becker TM, Rooney RJ, et al. (February 2003).
4439:
4365:
Coleman KG, Wautlet BS, Morrissey D, Mulheron J, Sedman SA, Brinkley P, et al. (July 1997).
4347:
3783:
3737:
3659:
3488:
3454:
3142:
2890:
2847:
2681:
2525:
2393:
2310:
1771:
variants encoding distinct proteins have been reported, two of which encode structurally related
197:
2601:"Regulation of p16CDKN2 expression and its implications for cell immortalization and senescence"
1372:
1333:
1329:
1321:
1301:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1250:
4018:"Increasing p16INK4a expression decreases forebrain progenitors and neurogenesis during ageing"
3473:"Testing for both HPV and p16 can give more precise prognoses in oropharyngeal (throat) cancer"
5428:
4813:
4764:
4723:
4674:
4630:
4576:
4532:
4488:
4431:
4388:
4339:
4285:
4236:
4184:
4136:
4109:
4055:
3995:
3938:
3881:
3832:
3775:
3729:
3691:
3651:
3616:
3567:
3526:
3446:
3400:
3359:
3310:
3275:
3226:
3191:
3134:
3099:
3050:
3001:
2966:
2917:
2882:
2839:
2803:
2768:
2730:
2673:
2630:
2581:
2517:
2474:
2434:
2385:
2337:
2302:
1891:
1883:
1876:
1673:
1556:
145:
65:
1466:
Solution structure of the n-terminal 37 amino acids of the mouse arf tumor suppressor protein
6147:
5924:
5910:
4803:
4754:
4713:
4664:
4620:
4612:
4566:
4522:
4478:
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4329:
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4275:
4267:
4226:
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4176:
4099:
4089:
4045:
4037:
3985:
3977:
3928:
3920:
3871:
3863:
3822:
3814:
3767:
3721:
3643:
3606:
3598:
3557:
3518:
3480:
3436:
3428:
3390:
3349:
3341:
3328:
Ang KK, Harris J, Wheeler R, Weber R, Rosenthal DI, Nguyen-Tân PF, et al. (July 2010).
3302:
3265:
3257:
3218:
3181:
3173:
3126:
3089:
3081:
3040:
3032:
2993:
2956:
2948:
2935:
Helgadottir H, Höiom V, Jönsson G, Tuominen R, Ingvar C, Borg A, et al. (August 2014).
2874:
2831:
2795:
2760:
2720:
2712:
2665:
2620:
2612:
2571:
2563:
2509:
2464:
2377:
2294:
1776:
1692:
1680:
1629:
442:
373:
317:
272:
193:
4790:
Vivo M, Calogero RA, Sansone F, Calabrò V, Parisi T, Borrelli L, et al. (April 2001).
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1548:
607:
6310:
4963:: SOLUTION NMR STRUCTURE OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR P16INK4A, RESTRAINED MINIMIZED MEAN STRUCTURE
3899:
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1665:
417:
3679:
2751:
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2264:"Entrez Gene: CDKN2A cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (melanoma, p16, inhibits CDK4)"
4833:
4419:
4033:
3973:
3916:
2661:
2505:
2373:
2290:
1901:
Germline mutations in CDKN2A are associated with an increased susceptibility to develop
614:
600:
48:
6113:
5483:
4280:
4255:
4104:
4077:
4050:
4017:
3990:
3957:
3933:
3900:
3876:
3851:
3827:
3802:
3611:
3602:
3586:
3354:
3329:
3270:
3245:
3186:
3161:
3094:
3069:
3045:
3020:
2961:
2936:
2725:
2700:
2576:
2551:
1953:
1895:
1688:
4759:
4742:
4669:
4652:
4625:
4600:
4324:
4307:
4231:
4206:
3432:
2625:
2600:
2017:
Concentrations of p16INK4a increase dramatically as tissue ages. p16INK4a, along with
1956:
in surface epithelial mesothelial proliferations is predictive of underlying invasive
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
928:
923:
918:
913:
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898:
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868:
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828:
823:
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803:
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772:
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747:
742:
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716:
711:
706:
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681:
676:
671:
666:
661:
656:
6330:
6263:
5965:
5939:
5535:
5367:
4616:
4483:
4458:
4443:
3867:
3492:
3458:
2042:
1792:
1669:
1617:
1514:
999:
positive regulation of DNA damage response, signal transduction by p53 class mediator
643:
4776:
4599:
Zhang Y, Wolf GW, Bhat K, Jin A, Allio T, Burkhart WA, et al. (December 2003).
4351:
3852:"Expression of p16(INK4a) in peripheral blood T-cells is a biomarker of human aging"
3850:
Liu Y, Sanoff HK, Cho H, Burd CE, Torrice C, Ibrahim JG, et al. (August 2009).
3663:
3146:
2937:"High risk of tobacco-related cancers in CDKN2A mutation-positive melanoma families"
2894:
2851:
2786:
Rocco JW, Sidransky D (March 2001). "p16(MTS-1/CDKN2/INK4a) in cancer progression".
2314:
1490:
6026:
5786:
5389:
3958:"Clearance of p16Ink4a-positive senescent cells delays ageing-associated disorders"
3787:
3741:
2685:
2529:
2397:
1957:
1806:
When organisms age, the expression of p16 increases to reduce the proliferation of
1544:
435:
214:
177:
4686:
2952:
3771:
3647:
1502:
909:
negative regulation of proteolysis involved in cellular protein catabolic process
201:
5881:
5597:
5410:
5379:
4256:"Large-scale mapping of human protein-protein interactions by mass spectrometry"
3068:
Khor GH, Froemming GR, Zain RB, Abraham MT, Omar E, Tan SK, et al. (2013).
2247:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2229:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1902:
1810:. This reduction in the division and production of stem cells protects against
1009:
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
794:
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
4702:"Multiple interacting domains contribute to p14ARF mediated inhibition of MDM2"
3522:
3484:
2764:
518:
6162:
6109:
6091:
6035:
5331:
5215:
5004:
3924:
3725:
3244:
Jabłonowski Z, Reszka E, Gromadzińska J, Wąsowicz W, Sosnowski M (June 2011).
3222:
2026:
1914:
1815:
1800:
1684:
334:
231:
181:
4383:
4366:
4094:
3036:
5454:
5404:
5394:
5077:
5073:
5063:
5059:
5055:
5045:
5041:
5031:
5027:
4076:
Micheli L, D'Andrea G, Ceccarelli M, Ferri A, Scardigli R, Tirone F (2019).
3261:
2669:
2022:
1870:
1807:
1649:
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578:
456:
401:
388:
300:
287:
189:
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4808:
4791:
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4701:
4634:
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4554:
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4474:
4289:
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4222:
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4113:
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3999:
3942:
3885:
3836:
3779:
3733:
3655:
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3530:
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3404:
3363:
3314:
3279:
3230:
3195:
3177:
3138:
3103:
3054:
2997:
2970:
2878:
2807:
2799:
2734:
2677:
2585:
2521:
2478:
2469:
2452:
4768:
4678:
4435:
4392:
4343:
3818:
3345:
3005:
2921:
2886:
2843:
2772:
2634:
2389:
2341:
2306:
1831:(pRB). Once phosphorylated, pRB dissociates from the transcription factor
1518:
1461:
1440:
6315:
6060:
6055:
5693:
5518:
5459:
5399:
5384:
5353:
5339:
5069:
5051:
5037:
5023:
4527:
4510:
4254:
Ewing RM, Chu P, Elisma F, Li H, Taylor P, Climie S, et al. (2007).
4207:"Regulation of CDK4 activity by a novel CDK4-binding protein, p34(SEI-1)"
3330:"Human papillomavirus and survival of patients with oropharyngeal cancer"
2616:
2163:
1784:
1657:
1642:
1621:
1497:
1424:
1231:
1227:
1208:
1204:
4367:"Identification of CDK4 sequences involved in cyclin D1 and p16 binding"
4041:
3981:
2513:
1996:(SCC) of the female genital tract is strongly associated with high-risk
1435:
5468:
5375:
5348:
5007:
4271:
3562:
3545:
3441:
3395:
3378:
3306:
2716:
2134:
2122:
1679:
p16 was discovered in 1993. It is a protein with 148 amino acids and a
1625:
1613:
1190:
1145:
4973:
4180:
3130:
3085:
2835:
2567:
1972:
High grade squamous intraepithelial lesion showing strong p16 staining
122:
118:
114:
110:
106:
102:
98:
94:
17:
6095:
6008:
5307:
5223:
5209:
5205:
5201:
5193:
5151:
5146:
5015:
2381:
2298:
1811:
1788:
1748:
1634:
1576:
1408:
1100:
4948:: SOLUTION NMR STRUCTURE OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR P16INK4A, 20 STRUCTURES
4918:: SOLUTION NMR STRUCTURE OF TUMOR SUPPRESSOR P16INK4A, 18 STRUCTURES
2599:
Hara E, Smith R, Parry D, Tahara H, Stone S, Peters G (March 1996).
989:
negative regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
4457:
Kaldis P, Ojala PM, Tong L, Mäkelä TP, Solomon MJ (December 2001).
2412:
1787:
upstream of the remainder of the gene; this transcript contains an
1783:. The remaining transcript includes an alternate exon 1 located 20
667:
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity
6305:
6222:
6217:
6133:
6128:
5949:
5744:
5739:
5705:
5698:
5626:
5282:
5277:
5166:
5161:
5156:
4427:
2128:
2080:
2032:
It has been used as a target to delay some aging changes in mice.
1975:
1967:
4306:
FĂĄhraeus R, Paramio JM, Ball KL, LaĂn S, Lane DP (January 1996).
1063:
1059:
6285:
6280:
6245:
6167:
5944:
5684:
5311:
5302:
5272:
5251:
5189:
2110:
2104:
1832:
1796:
1764:
1756:
1695:, and the alternative name p16 refers to its role in inhibiting
1638:
1538:
1485:
919:
positive regulation of signal transduction by p53 class mediator
169:
5487:
4977:
4871:
623:
6229:
6086:
6076:
5865:
5292:
5256:
5246:
5219:
4867:
2433:"Molecular biology of cancer", Oxford University Press, 2005,
2153:
2148:
2116:
894:
negative regulation of immature T cell proliferation in thymus
854:
negative regulation of NF-kappaB transcription factor activity
974:
negative regulation of ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
3901:"Unmasking Transcriptional Heterogeneity in Senescent Cells"
869:
negative regulation of G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
3544:
Balgkouranidou I, Liloglou T, Lianidou ES (February 2013).
1652:
to improve the histological diagnostic accuracy of grade 3
789:
positive regulation of smooth muscle cell apoptotic process
3676:
Image by Mikael Häggström, MD. Reference for terminology:
1019:
positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
4011:
4009:
1039:
negative regulation of ubiquitin protein ligase activity
425:
4071:
4069:
3760:
1879:
is often associated with mutations in the CDKN2A gene.
4459:"CAK-independent activation of CDK6 by a viral cyclin"
1620:
by slowing the progression of the cell cycle from the
1455:
Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2a p19Arf N-terminus
1024:
positive regulation of protein localization to nucleus
4511:"p14ARF interacts with DAXX: effects on HDM2 and p53"
590:
2453:"The INK4 family of cell cycle inhibitors in cancer"
1890:
Homozygous deletions of p16 are frequently found in
859:
negative regulation of cell population proliferation
6298:
6271:
6262:
6238:
6205:
6196:
6176:
6155:
6146:
6121:
6108:
6069:
6043:
6034:
6025:
6001:
5985:
5978:
5958:
5932:
5923:
5903:
5894:
5874:
5858:
5849:
5824:
5815:
5795:
5779:
5770:
5761:
5732:
5723:
5677:
5668:
5648:
5639:
5619:
5610:
5590:
5581:
5572:
5543:
5534:
5525:
5447:
5419:
5366:
5330:
5321:
5265:
5237:
5180:
5087:
5014:
2986:
2552:"Cellular senescence and tumor suppressor gene p16"
1656:(CIN). p16 is also implicated in the prevention of
1575:
1555:
1537:
1532:
1508:
1496:
1484:
1476:
1471:
1454:
1361:
1320:
1290:
1249:
949:
positive regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
879:
regulation of G2/M transition of mitotic cell cycle
849:
negative regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
829:
positive regulation of macrophage apoptotic process
3678:Anjelica Hodgson, M.D., Carlos Parra-Herran, M.D.
2203:
2201:
2199:
2182:
2180:
2178:
4335:20.500.11820/9e95b5cc-be55-4c50-bfd9-04eb51b3e3f9
372:
271:
964:regulation of protein targeting to mitochondrion
702:ubiquitin-protein transferase inhibitor activity
4594:
4592:
4590:
4548:
4546:
4504:
4502:
4200:
4198:
4152:
4150:
3753:
3751:
3504:
3502:
4646:
4644:
4301:
4299:
3546:"Lung cancer epigenetics: emerging biomarkers"
2746:
2744:
2550:Rayess H, Wang MB, Srivatsan ES (April 2012).
2413:"Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A; CDKN2A"
2208:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000044303
904:negative regulation of protein kinase activity
5499:
4989:
4883:
4651:Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yarbrough WG (March 1998).
4509:Ivanchuk SM, Mondal S, Rutka JT (June 2008).
2545:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2355:
2353:
2351:
1717:Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (CDKN2A)
8:
3696:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
2187:GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000147889
1814:while increasing the risks associated with
1004:negative regulation of B cell proliferation
809:negative regulation of cell-matrix adhesion
743:senescence-associated heterochromatin focus
6268:
6202:
6152:
6118:
6040:
6031:
5982:
5929:
5900:
5855:
5821:
5776:
5767:
5729:
5674:
5645:
5616:
5587:
5578:
5540:
5531:
5506:
5492:
5484:
5327:
4996:
4982:
4974:
4890:
4876:
4868:
4700:Clark PA, Llanos S, Peters G (July 2002).
3636:The American Journal of Surgical Pathology
1529:
1460:
1317:
1246:
1074:
1049:negative regulation of protein neddylation
939:positive regulation of protein sumoylation
884:regulation of transcription, DNA-templated
824:positive regulation of cellular senescence
639:
413:
312:
209:
83:
5288:Cellular apoptosis susceptibility protein
4836:at the U.S. National Library of Medicine
4807:
4758:
4717:
4668:
4624:
4570:
4526:
4482:
4382:
4333:
4323:
4279:
4230:
4170:
4103:
4093:
4049:
3989:
3932:
3875:
3826:
3610:
3561:
3440:
3394:
3353:
3269:
3185:
3093:
3074:International Journal of Medical Sciences
3044:
2960:
2724:
2624:
2575:
2468:
1014:regulation of apoptotic DNA fragmentation
899:regulation of protein export from nucleus
2258:
2256:
2019:senescence-associated beta-galactosidase
1795:, as it can interact with and sequester
979:positive regulation of apoptotic process
4905:
2174:
1691:. The name of p16 is derived from its
3689:
1451:
1034:positive regulation of gene expression
844:negative regulation of phosphorylation
38:
1662:oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma
864:G1/S transition of mitotic cell cycle
377:
338:
333:
276:
235:
230:
7:
1763:variants that differ in their first
1602:cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A
549:endothelial cell of lymphatic vessel
4796:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
4559:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
4371:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3334:The New England Journal of Medicine
1612:and numerous other synonyms), is a
717:ubiquitin ligase inhibitor activity
4082:Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience
3702:Last staff update: 25 January 2024
3603:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.10.007
2041:other adult neurogenic niche, the
1789:alternate open reading frame (ARF)
1726:Multiple Tumor Suppressor 1 (MTS1)
1654:cervical intraepithelial neoplasia
1358:
1287:
1218:
1195:
1169:
1150:
1124:
1105:
819:negative regulation of cell growth
712:disordered domain specific binding
595:
513:
451:
430:
25:
1747:In humans, p16 is encoded by the
914:protein K63-linked ubiquitination
27:Mammalian protein found in humans
4953:
4938:
4923:
4908:
4617:10.1128/MCB.23.23.8902-8912.2003
3868:10.1111/j.1474-9726.2009.00489.x
697:MDM2/MDM4 family protein binding
613:
606:
599:
553:lumbar subsegment of spinal cord
361:
354:
348:
325:
260:
253:
247:
222:
47:
2867:Genes, Chromosomes & Cancer
2556:International Journal of Cancer
1767:. At least three alternatively
959:apoptotic mitochondrial changes
889:regulation of protein stability
839:Ras protein signal transduction
4605:Molecular and Cellular Biology
2605:Molecular and Cellular Biology
624:More reference expression data
579:More reference expression data
1:
4760:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81400-2
4670:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81401-4
4463:Molecular Biology of the Cell
4325:10.1016/S0960-9822(02)00425-6
3433:10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00013-x
2953:10.1136/jmedgenet-2014-102320
2451:Roussel MF (September 1999).
1533:Available protein structures:
346:
245:
5763:Intracellular signaling P+Ps
3772:10.1097/PAI.0b013e3181d2bbd7
3648:10.1097/PAS.0000000000000176
2753:Journal of Clinical Oncology
994:mitochondrial depolarization
944:transcription, DNA-templated
692:transcription factor binding
6337:Genes on human chromosome 9
5298:Maturation promoting factor
4848:human gene location in the
3250:Archives of Medical Science
2941:Journal of Medical Genetics
2013:Role in cellular senescence
1610:multiple tumor suppressor 1
6363:
5817:TGF beta signaling pathway
5725:JAK-STAT signaling pathway
5641:TGF beta signaling pathway
5612:Hedgehog signaling pathway
5439:Postreplication checkpoint
4860:human gene details in the
3523:10.1016/j.clon.2013.07.003
3485:10.3310/nihrevidence_59749
2788:Experimental Cell Research
2765:10.1200/JCO.1998.16.3.1197
1931:Biomarker for cancer types
1839:activation of p16 through
954:autophagy of mitochondrion
934:protein polyubiquitination
924:somatic stem cell division
773:protein-containing complex
499:superior surface of tongue
31:
5851:Akt/PKB signaling pathway
4903:
4260:Molecular Systems Biology
4129:Molecular Cancer Research
3925:10.1016/j.cub.2017.07.033
3726:10.1007/s00428-013-1393-5
3223:10.1016/j.lfs.2007.02.026
3166:British Journal of Cancer
2243:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2225:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1877:Pancreatic adenocarcinoma
1801:cell cycle G1 progression
1528:
1459:
1439:
1434:
1430:
1423:
1407:
1388:
1365:
1344:
1313:
1294:
1273:
1242:
1225:
1221:
1202:
1198:
1189:
1176:
1172:
1157:
1153:
1144:
1131:
1127:
1112:
1108:
1099:
1084:
1077:
1073:
1057:
707:SUMO transferase activity
642:
638:
621:
598:
589:
576:
545:glossopharyngeal ganglion
525:
516:
463:
454:
424:
416:
412:
395:
382:
345:
324:
315:
311:
294:
281:
244:
221:
212:
208:
163:
160:
150:
143:
138:
91:
86:
69:
64:
59:
55:
46:
41:
5670:Receptor tyrosine kinase
4838:Medical Subject Headings
4384:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18869
4095:10.3389/fncel.2019.00010
3037:10.18632/oncotarget.1444
1994:squamous cell carcinomas
1044:amyloid fibril formation
503:external globus pallidus
5896:Hippo signaling pathway
4211:Genes & Development
3262:10.5114/aoms.2011.23421
2705:Genes & Development
2670:10.1126/science.1076997
2159:Cyclin-dependent kinase
1841:reactive oxygen species
1697:cyclin-dependent kinase
1632:. It is encoded by the
1401:Chr 4: 89.19 – 89.21 Mb
969:protein destabilization
6342:Tumor suppressor genes
5911:Neurofibromin 2/Merlin
5515:Tumor suppressor genes
5421:Cell cycle checkpoints
4809:10.1074/jbc.M006845200
4719:10.1038/sj.onc.1205558
4572:10.1074/jbc.M210978200
4475:10.1091/mbc.12.12.3987
4223:10.1101/gad.13.22.3027
3550:Biomarkers in Medicine
3178:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602972
2998:10.1006/bbrc.1994.2294
2879:10.1002/gcc.2870140306
2800:10.1006/excr.2000.5149
2470:10.1038/sj.onc.1202998
2071:p16 has been shown to
2058:Role in carcinogenesis
2021:, is regarded to be a
1981:
1973:
1865:Role in carcinogenesis
1829:retinoblastoma protein
1707:p16 is also known as:
1628:, thereby acting as a
799:replicative senescence
672:protein kinase binding
561:Greater petrosal nerve
491:ventral tegmental area
5772:Wnt signaling pathway
5583:Wnt signaling pathway
5448:Other cellular phases
5172:CDK-activating kinase
3819:10.18632/aging.100991
3346:10.1056/NEJMoa0912217
1998:human papilloma virus
1979:
1971:
1860:Clinical significance
1775:known to function as
1648:p16 can be used as a
929:protein stabilization
533:stroma of bone marrow
6198:Transcription factor
4528:10.4161/cc.7.12.6025
3911:(17): 2652–2660.e4.
3421:The Lancet. Oncology
2617:10.1128/mcb.16.3.859
2036:Role in neurogenesis
2004:Urinary bladder SCCs
1938:human papillomavirus
1873:. Examples include:
1687:that comprises four
1394:Chr 9: 21.97 – 22 Mb
379:4 C4|4 42.15 cM
340:Chromosome 4 (mouse)
238:Chromosome 9 (human)
87:List of PDB id codes
60:Available structures
34:P16 (disambiguation)
32:For other uses, see
6273:Apoptosis inhibitor
5656:TGF beta receptor 2
4862:UCSC Genome Browser
4850:UCSC Genome Browser
4802:(17): 14161–14169.
4420:1998Natur.395..237R
4377:(30): 18869–18874.
4042:10.1038/nature05091
4034:2006Natur.443..448M
3982:10.1038/nature10600
3974:2011Natur.479..232B
3917:2017CBio...27E2652H
2662:2002Sci...298.1039C
2656:(5595): 1039–1043.
2514:10.1038/nature05092
2506:2006Natur.443..453K
2374:1993Natur.366..704S
2291:1994Natur.368..753N
2027:cellular senescence
1988:Gynecologic cancers
1964:p16 immunochemistry
1816:cellular senescence
1029:protein sumoylation
814:cellular senescence
483:subthalamic nucleus
5434:Spindle checkpoint
5239:P53 p63 p73 family
4272:10.1038/msb4100134
3684:Pathology Outlines
3563:10.2217/bmm.12.111
3396:10.3322/caac.21389
3307:10.3233/CBM-130355
2717:10.1101/gad.415507
1982:
1974:
1884:germline mutations
1759:generates several
1179:ENSMUSG00000044303
782:Biological process
726:Cellular component
650:Molecular function
479:anterior pituitary
202:CDKN2A - orthologs
6324:
6323:
6294:
6293:
6258:
6257:
6254:
6253:
6192:
6191:
6142:
6141:
6104:
6103:
6021:
6020:
6017:
6016:
5974:
5973:
5919:
5918:
5890:
5889:
5845:
5844:
5811:
5810:
5757:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5719:
5718:
5664:
5663:
5635:
5634:
5606:
5605:
5568:
5567:
5564:
5563:
5481:
5480:
5477:
5476:
5429:Restriction point
4971:
4970:
4712:(29): 4498–4507.
4611:(23): 8902–8912.
4521:(12): 1836–1850.
4469:(12): 3987–3999.
4414:(6699): 237–243.
4217:(22): 3027–3033.
4181:10.1021/bi035601s
4165:(14): 4394–4399.
4028:(7110): 448–452.
3968:(7372): 232–236.
3511:Clinical Oncology
3295:Cancer Biomarkers
3217:(20): 1873–1881.
3131:10.1002/hed.21949
3125:(10): 1470–1475.
3086:10.7150/ijms.6884
3080:(12): 1727–1739.
2836:10.1038/ng0994-27
2568:10.1002/ijc.27316
2500:(7110): 453–457.
2463:(38): 5311–5317.
2439:978-0-19-926472-8
2368:(6456): 704–707.
2336:(14): 2988–2994.
2285:(6473): 753–756.
1892:esophageal cancer
1751:gene, located on
1674:esophageal cancer
1591:
1590:
1587:
1586:
1582:structure summary
1450:
1449:
1446:
1445:
1419:
1418:
1384:
1383:
1355:
1354:
1309:
1308:
1284:
1283:
1238:
1237:
1215:
1214:
1185:
1184:
1166:
1165:
1140:
1139:
1121:
1120:
1069:
1068:
874:apoptotic process
657:NF-kappaB binding
634:
633:
630:
629:
585:
584:
572:
571:
510:
509:
495:mucosa of pharynx
408:
407:
307:
306:
134:
133:
130:
129:
70:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
6354:
6269:
6203:
6153:
6148:Ubiquitin ligase
6119:
6041:
6032:
5983:
5930:
5925:MAPK/ERK pathway
5901:
5856:
5822:
5777:
5768:
5730:
5675:
5646:
5617:
5588:
5579:
5541:
5532:
5508:
5501:
5494:
5485:
5328:
4998:
4991:
4984:
4975:
4957:
4942:
4927:
4912:
4892:
4885:
4878:
4869:
4822:
4821:
4811:
4787:
4781:
4780:
4762:
4738:
4732:
4731:
4721:
4697:
4691:
4690:
4672:
4648:
4639:
4638:
4628:
4596:
4585:
4584:
4574:
4565:(7): 4981–4989.
4550:
4541:
4540:
4530:
4506:
4497:
4496:
4486:
4454:
4448:
4447:
4403:
4397:
4396:
4386:
4362:
4356:
4355:
4337:
4327:
4303:
4294:
4293:
4283:
4251:
4245:
4244:
4234:
4202:
4193:
4192:
4174:
4154:
4145:
4144:
4124:
4118:
4117:
4107:
4097:
4073:
4064:
4063:
4053:
4013:
4004:
4003:
3993:
3953:
3947:
3946:
3936:
3896:
3890:
3889:
3879:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3830:
3813:(7): 1294–1315.
3798:
3792:
3791:
3755:
3746:
3745:
3709:
3703:
3701:
3695:
3687:
3674:
3668:
3667:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3614:
3582:
3576:
3575:
3565:
3541:
3535:
3534:
3506:
3497:
3496:
3469:
3463:
3462:
3444:
3415:
3409:
3408:
3398:
3374:
3368:
3367:
3357:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3290:
3284:
3283:
3273:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3206:
3200:
3199:
3189:
3157:
3151:
3150:
3114:
3108:
3107:
3097:
3065:
3059:
3058:
3048:
3031:(6): 1439–1451.
3016:
3010:
3009:
2992:(2): 1090–1095.
2981:
2975:
2974:
2964:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2905:
2899:
2898:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2759:(3): 1197–1206.
2748:
2739:
2738:
2728:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2645:
2639:
2638:
2628:
2596:
2590:
2589:
2579:
2562:(8): 1715–1725.
2547:
2534:
2533:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2472:
2448:
2442:
2431:
2425:
2424:
2422:
2420:
2408:
2402:
2401:
2382:10.1038/366704a0
2357:
2346:
2345:
2325:
2319:
2318:
2299:10.1038/368753a0
2274:
2268:
2267:
2260:
2251:
2250:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2221:
2215:
2205:
2194:
2184:
1693:molecular weight
1681:molecular weight
1630:tumor suppressor
1530:
1464:
1452:
1432:
1431:
1403:
1396:
1379:
1359:
1350:
1318:
1314:RefSeq (protein)
1304:
1288:
1279:
1247:
1219:
1196:
1170:
1151:
1125:
1106:
1075:
640:
626:
617:
610:
603:
596:
581:
521:
519:Top expressed in
514:
459:
457:Top expressed in
452:
431:
414:
404:
391:
380:
365:
358:
352:
341:
329:
313:
303:
290:
279:
264:
257:
251:
240:
226:
210:
204:
155:
148:
125:
84:
78:
57:
56:
51:
39:
21:
6362:
6361:
6357:
6356:
6355:
6353:
6352:
6351:
6327:
6326:
6325:
6320:
6299:Other/ungrouped
6290:
6250:
6234:
6188:
6172:
6138:
6100:
6065:
6013:
5997:
5970:
5966:Neurofibromin 1
5954:
5915:
5886:
5870:
5841:
5807:
5791:
5749:
5715:
5660:
5631:
5602:
5560:
5521:
5512:
5482:
5473:
5463:
5443:
5415:
5362:
5357:
5343:
5323:
5317:
5261:
5233:
5176:
5083:
5010:
5002:
4972:
4967:
4964:
4958:
4949:
4943:
4934:
4928:
4919:
4913:
4899:
4896:
4830:
4825:
4789:
4788:
4784:
4740:
4739:
4735:
4699:
4698:
4694:
4650:
4649:
4642:
4598:
4597:
4588:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4508:
4507:
4500:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4364:
4363:
4359:
4312:Current Biology
4305:
4304:
4297:
4253:
4252:
4248:
4204:
4203:
4196:
4156:
4155:
4148:
4126:
4125:
4121:
4075:
4074:
4067:
4015:
4014:
4007:
3955:
3954:
3950:
3905:Current Biology
3898:
3897:
3893:
3849:
3848:
3844:
3800:
3799:
3795:
3757:
3756:
3749:
3714:Virchows Archiv
3711:
3710:
3706:
3688:
3677:
3675:
3671:
3633:
3632:
3628:
3584:
3583:
3579:
3543:
3542:
3538:
3517:(11): 630–638.
3508:
3507:
3500:
3471:
3470:
3466:
3417:
3416:
3412:
3376:
3375:
3371:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3292:
3291:
3287:
3243:
3242:
3238:
3208:
3207:
3203:
3159:
3158:
3154:
3119:Head & Neck
3116:
3115:
3111:
3067:
3066:
3062:
3018:
3017:
3013:
2983:
2982:
2978:
2934:
2933:
2929:
2907:
2906:
2902:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2824:Nature Genetics
2820:
2819:
2815:
2785:
2784:
2780:
2750:
2749:
2742:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2647:
2646:
2642:
2598:
2597:
2593:
2549:
2548:
2537:
2491:
2490:
2486:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2432:
2428:
2418:
2416:
2410:
2409:
2405:
2359:
2358:
2349:
2330:Cancer Research
2327:
2326:
2322:
2276:
2275:
2271:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2206:
2197:
2185:
2176:
2172:
2145:
2140:
2069:
2060:
2052:
2038:
2015:
2006:
1990:
1966:
1946:
1933:
1928:
1867:
1862:
1849:
1824:
1755:(9p21.3). This
1745:
1723:CDK 4 Inhibitor
1705:
1689:ankyrin repeats
1666:cervical cancer
1596:(also known as
1467:
1441:View/Edit Mouse
1436:View/Edit Human
1399:
1392:
1389:Location (UCSC)
1375:
1371:
1367:
1346:
1340:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1300:
1296:
1275:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1230:
1207:
1160:ENSG00000147889
1053:
984:rRNA processing
777:
721:
662:protein binding
622:
612:
611:
605:
604:
577:
568:
565:muscle of thigh
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
539:
535:
531:
517:
506:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
471:pituitary gland
469:
455:
399:
386:
378:
368:
367:
366:
359:
339:
316:Gene location (
298:
285:
277:
267:
266:
265:
258:
236:
213:Gene location (
164:
151:
144:
93:
71:
37:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6360:
6358:
6350:
6349:
6344:
6339:
6329:
6328:
6322:
6321:
6319:
6318:
6313:
6308:
6302:
6300:
6296:
6295:
6292:
6291:
6289:
6288:
6283:
6277:
6275:
6266:
6260:
6259:
6256:
6255:
6252:
6251:
6249:
6248:
6242:
6240:
6236:
6235:
6233:
6232:
6227:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6209:
6207:
6200:
6194:
6193:
6190:
6189:
6187:
6186:
6180:
6178:
6174:
6173:
6171:
6170:
6165:
6159:
6157:
6150:
6144:
6143:
6140:
6139:
6137:
6136:
6131:
6125:
6123:
6116:
6106:
6105:
6102:
6101:
6099:
6098:
6089:
6084:
6079:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6047:
6045:
6038:
6029:
6023:
6022:
6019:
6018:
6015:
6014:
6012:
6011:
6005:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5996:
5995:
5989:
5987:
5980:
5976:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5968:
5962:
5960:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5936:
5934:
5927:
5921:
5920:
5917:
5916:
5914:
5913:
5907:
5905:
5898:
5892:
5891:
5888:
5887:
5885:
5884:
5878:
5876:
5872:
5871:
5869:
5868:
5862:
5860:
5853:
5847:
5846:
5843:
5842:
5840:
5839:
5834:
5828:
5826:
5819:
5813:
5812:
5809:
5808:
5806:
5805:
5799:
5797:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5789:
5783:
5781:
5774:
5765:
5759:
5758:
5755:
5754:
5751:
5750:
5748:
5747:
5742:
5736:
5734:
5727:
5721:
5720:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5696:
5681:
5679:
5672:
5666:
5665:
5662:
5661:
5659:
5658:
5652:
5650:
5643:
5637:
5636:
5633:
5632:
5630:
5629:
5623:
5621:
5614:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5603:
5601:
5600:
5594:
5592:
5585:
5576:
5570:
5569:
5566:
5565:
5562:
5561:
5559:
5558:
5553:
5547:
5545:
5538:
5536:Growth factors
5529:
5523:
5522:
5513:
5511:
5510:
5503:
5496:
5488:
5479:
5478:
5475:
5474:
5472:
5471:
5466:
5461:
5457:
5451:
5449:
5445:
5444:
5442:
5441:
5436:
5431:
5425:
5423:
5417:
5416:
5414:
5413:
5408:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5372:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5351:
5346:
5341:
5336:
5334:
5325:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5315:
5305:
5300:
5295:
5290:
5285:
5280:
5275:
5269:
5267:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5243:
5241:
5235:
5234:
5232:
5231:
5213:
5186:
5184:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5149:
5144:
5139:
5134:
5129:
5124:
5119:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5082:
5081:
5067:
5049:
5035:
5020:
5018:
5012:
5011:
5003:
5001:
5000:
4993:
4986:
4978:
4969:
4968:
4966:
4965:
4959:
4952:
4950:
4944:
4937:
4935:
4929:
4922:
4920:
4914:
4907:
4904:
4901:
4900:
4897:
4895:
4894:
4887:
4880:
4872:
4866:
4865:
4853:
4841:
4829:
4828:External links
4826:
4824:
4823:
4782:
4753:(6): 713–723.
4733:
4692:
4663:(6): 725–734.
4640:
4586:
4542:
4498:
4449:
4398:
4357:
4295:
4246:
4194:
4172:10.1.1.386.140
4146:
4135:(3): 195–206.
4119:
4065:
4005:
3948:
3891:
3862:(4): 439–448.
3842:
3793:
3766:(4): 344–347.
3747:
3720:(4): 381–389.
3704:
3669:
3642:(5): 681–688.
3626:
3577:
3536:
3498:
3464:
3427:(3): 239–251.
3410:
3389:(2): 122–137.
3369:
3320:
3301:(4): 215–226.
3285:
3256:(3): 512–516.
3236:
3201:
3172:(4): 561–568.
3152:
3109:
3060:
3011:
2976:
2947:(8): 545–552.
2927:
2916:(2): 405–412.
2900:
2873:(3): 189–195.
2857:
2813:
2778:
2740:
2711:(5): 525–530.
2691:
2640:
2611:(3): 859–867.
2591:
2535:
2484:
2443:
2426:
2403:
2347:
2320:
2269:
2252:
2234:
2216:
2195:
2173:
2171:
2168:
2167:
2166:
2161:
2156:
2151:
2144:
2141:
2139:
2138:
2132:
2126:
2120:
2114:
2108:
2102:
2096:
2090:
2084:
2077:
2068:
2065:
2059:
2056:
2051:
2048:
2037:
2034:
2014:
2011:
2005:
2002:
1989:
1986:
1965:
1962:
1945:
1942:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1896:gastric cancer
1866:
1863:
1861:
1858:
1848:
1845:
1823:
1820:
1744:
1741:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1733:
1730:
1727:
1724:
1721:
1718:
1715:
1712:
1704:
1701:
1589:
1588:
1585:
1584:
1579:
1573:
1572:
1559:
1553:
1552:
1542:
1535:
1534:
1526:
1525:
1512:
1506:
1505:
1500:
1494:
1493:
1488:
1482:
1481:
1478:
1474:
1473:
1469:
1468:
1465:
1457:
1456:
1448:
1447:
1444:
1443:
1438:
1428:
1427:
1421:
1420:
1417:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1390:
1386:
1385:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1362:
1356:
1353:
1352:
1342:
1341:
1315:
1311:
1310:
1307:
1306:
1292:
1291:
1285:
1282:
1281:
1271:
1270:
1244:
1240:
1239:
1236:
1235:
1223:
1222:
1216:
1213:
1212:
1200:
1199:
1193:
1187:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1174:
1173:
1167:
1164:
1163:
1155:
1154:
1148:
1142:
1141:
1138:
1137:
1129:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1118:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1097:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1082:
1081:
1071:
1070:
1067:
1066:
1055:
1054:
1052:
1051:
1046:
1041:
1036:
1031:
1026:
1021:
1016:
1011:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
941:
936:
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
796:
791:
785:
783:
779:
778:
776:
775:
770:
765:
760:
755:
750:
745:
740:
735:
729:
727:
723:
722:
720:
719:
714:
709:
704:
699:
694:
689:
684:
679:
674:
669:
664:
659:
653:
651:
647:
646:
636:
635:
632:
631:
628:
627:
619:
618:
593:
587:
586:
583:
582:
574:
573:
570:
569:
567:
566:
562:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
523:
522:
511:
508:
507:
505:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
461:
460:
448:
447:
439:
428:
422:
421:
418:RNA expression
410:
409:
406:
405:
397:
393:
392:
384:
381:
376:
370:
369:
360:
353:
347:
343:
342:
337:
331:
330:
322:
321:
309:
308:
305:
304:
296:
292:
291:
283:
280:
275:
269:
268:
259:
252:
246:
242:
241:
234:
228:
227:
219:
218:
206:
205:
162:
158:
157:
149:
141:
140:
136:
135:
132:
131:
128:
127:
89:
88:
80:
79:
68:
62:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6359:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6334:
6332:
6317:
6314:
6312:
6309:
6307:
6304:
6303:
6301:
6297:
6287:
6284:
6282:
6279:
6278:
6276:
6274:
6270:
6267:
6265:
6264:Mitochondrion
6261:
6247:
6244:
6243:
6241:
6237:
6231:
6228:
6224:
6221:
6219:
6216:
6215:
6214:
6211:
6210:
6208:
6204:
6201:
6199:
6195:
6185:
6182:
6181:
6179:
6175:
6169:
6166:
6164:
6161:
6160:
6158:
6154:
6151:
6149:
6145:
6135:
6132:
6130:
6127:
6126:
6124:
6120:
6117:
6115:
6111:
6107:
6097:
6093:
6090:
6088:
6085:
6083:
6080:
6078:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6048:
6046:
6042:
6039:
6037:
6033:
6030:
6028:
6024:
6010:
6007:
6006:
6004:
6000:
5994:
5991:
5990:
5988:
5984:
5981:
5979:Other/unknown
5977:
5967:
5964:
5963:
5961:
5957:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5937:
5935:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5922:
5912:
5909:
5908:
5906:
5902:
5899:
5897:
5893:
5883:
5880:
5879:
5877:
5873:
5867:
5864:
5863:
5861:
5857:
5854:
5852:
5848:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5829:
5827:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5814:
5804:
5801:
5800:
5798:
5794:
5788:
5785:
5784:
5782:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5769:
5766:
5764:
5760:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5737:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5722:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5691:
5690:
5686:
5683:
5682:
5680:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5667:
5657:
5654:
5653:
5651:
5647:
5644:
5642:
5638:
5628:
5625:
5624:
5622:
5618:
5615:
5613:
5609:
5599:
5596:
5595:
5593:
5589:
5586:
5584:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5571:
5557:
5554:
5552:
5549:
5548:
5546:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5530:
5528:
5524:
5520:
5516:
5509:
5504:
5502:
5497:
5495:
5490:
5489:
5486:
5470:
5467:
5465:
5458:
5456:
5453:
5452:
5450:
5446:
5440:
5437:
5435:
5432:
5430:
5427:
5426:
5424:
5422:
5418:
5412:
5409:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5365:
5359:
5352:
5350:
5347:
5345:
5338:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5329:
5326:
5320:
5313:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5270:
5268:
5264:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5244:
5242:
5240:
5236:
5229:
5225:
5221:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5207:
5203:
5199:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5187:
5185:
5183:
5182:CDK inhibitor
5179:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5148:
5145:
5143:
5140:
5138:
5135:
5133:
5130:
5128:
5125:
5123:
5120:
5118:
5115:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5094:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5079:
5075:
5071:
5068:
5065:
5061:
5057:
5053:
5050:
5047:
5043:
5039:
5036:
5033:
5029:
5025:
5022:
5021:
5019:
5017:
5013:
5009:
5006:
4999:
4994:
4992:
4987:
4985:
4980:
4979:
4976:
4962:
4956:
4951:
4947:
4941:
4936:
4932:
4926:
4921:
4917:
4911:
4906:
4902:
4893:
4888:
4886:
4881:
4879:
4874:
4873:
4870:
4863:
4859:
4858:
4854:
4851:
4847:
4846:
4842:
4839:
4835:
4832:
4831:
4827:
4819:
4815:
4810:
4805:
4801:
4797:
4793:
4786:
4783:
4778:
4774:
4770:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4752:
4748:
4744:
4737:
4734:
4729:
4725:
4720:
4715:
4711:
4707:
4703:
4696:
4693:
4688:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4671:
4666:
4662:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4645:
4641:
4636:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4618:
4614:
4610:
4606:
4602:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4587:
4582:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4564:
4560:
4556:
4549:
4547:
4543:
4538:
4534:
4529:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4503:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4485:
4480:
4476:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4460:
4453:
4450:
4445:
4441:
4437:
4433:
4429:
4428:10.1038/26155
4425:
4421:
4417:
4413:
4409:
4402:
4399:
4394:
4390:
4385:
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4361:
4358:
4353:
4349:
4345:
4341:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4321:
4317:
4313:
4309:
4302:
4300:
4296:
4291:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4273:
4269:
4265:
4261:
4257:
4250:
4247:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4224:
4220:
4216:
4212:
4208:
4201:
4199:
4195:
4190:
4186:
4182:
4178:
4173:
4168:
4164:
4160:
4153:
4151:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4123:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4106:
4101:
4096:
4091:
4087:
4083:
4079:
4072:
4070:
4066:
4061:
4057:
4052:
4047:
4043:
4039:
4035:
4031:
4027:
4023:
4019:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4001:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3979:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3963:
3959:
3952:
3949:
3944:
3940:
3935:
3930:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3895:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3820:
3816:
3812:
3808:
3804:
3797:
3794:
3789:
3785:
3781:
3777:
3773:
3769:
3765:
3761:
3754:
3752:
3748:
3743:
3739:
3735:
3731:
3727:
3723:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3705:
3699:
3693:
3685:
3681:
3673:
3670:
3665:
3661:
3657:
3653:
3649:
3645:
3641:
3637:
3630:
3627:
3622:
3618:
3613:
3608:
3604:
3600:
3596:
3592:
3591:Oral Oncology
3588:
3581:
3578:
3573:
3569:
3564:
3559:
3555:
3551:
3547:
3540:
3537:
3532:
3528:
3524:
3520:
3516:
3512:
3505:
3503:
3499:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3477:NIHR Evidence
3474:
3468:
3465:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3448:
3443:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3414:
3411:
3406:
3402:
3397:
3392:
3388:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3370:
3365:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3347:
3343:
3339:
3335:
3331:
3324:
3321:
3316:
3312:
3308:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3289:
3286:
3281:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3247:
3240:
3237:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3212:
3211:Life Sciences
3205:
3202:
3197:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3179:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3163:
3156:
3153:
3148:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3132:
3128:
3124:
3120:
3113:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3087:
3083:
3079:
3075:
3071:
3064:
3061:
3056:
3052:
3047:
3042:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3026:
3022:
3015:
3012:
3007:
3003:
2999:
2995:
2991:
2987:
2980:
2977:
2972:
2968:
2963:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2946:
2942:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2923:
2919:
2915:
2911:
2904:
2901:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2884:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2845:
2841:
2837:
2833:
2829:
2825:
2817:
2814:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2774:
2770:
2766:
2762:
2758:
2754:
2747:
2745:
2741:
2736:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2695:
2692:
2687:
2683:
2679:
2675:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2644:
2641:
2636:
2632:
2627:
2622:
2618:
2614:
2610:
2606:
2602:
2595:
2592:
2587:
2583:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2527:
2523:
2519:
2515:
2511:
2507:
2503:
2499:
2495:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2462:
2458:
2454:
2447:
2444:
2441:, Section 5.3
2440:
2436:
2430:
2427:
2414:
2407:
2404:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2383:
2379:
2375:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2356:
2354:
2352:
2348:
2343:
2339:
2335:
2331:
2324:
2321:
2316:
2312:
2308:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2280:
2273:
2270:
2265:
2259:
2257:
2253:
2248:
2244:
2238:
2235:
2230:
2226:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2204:
2202:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2175:
2169:
2165:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2147:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2121:
2118:
2115:
2112:
2109:
2106:
2103:
2100:
2097:
2094:
2091:
2088:
2085:
2082:
2079:
2078:
2076:
2074:
2066:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2043:dentate gyrus
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2012:
2010:
2003:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1987:
1985:
1978:
1970:
1963:
1961:
1959:
1955:
1951:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1930:
1925:
1923:
1919:
1916:
1910:
1906:
1904:
1899:
1897:
1893:
1888:
1885:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1872:
1864:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1836:
1834:
1830:
1821:
1819:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1774:
1770:
1766:
1762:
1758:
1754:
1750:
1742:
1737:
1734:
1731:
1728:
1725:
1722:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1709:
1708:
1702:
1700:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1682:
1677:
1675:
1671:
1670:vulvar cancer
1667:
1663:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1646:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1636:
1631:
1627:
1623:
1619:
1618:cell division
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1583:
1580:
1578:
1574:
1571:
1567:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1524:
1520:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1507:
1504:
1501:
1499:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1487:
1483:
1479:
1475:
1470:
1463:
1458:
1453:
1442:
1437:
1433:
1429:
1426:
1422:
1415:
1413:
1410:
1406:
1402:
1398:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1378:
1374:
1370:
1364:
1360:
1357:
1351:
1349:
1343:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1327:
1323:
1319:
1316:
1312:
1305:
1303:
1299:
1293:
1289:
1286:
1280:
1278:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1252:
1248:
1245:
1243:RefSeq (mRNA)
1241:
1234:
1233:
1229:
1224:
1220:
1217:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1201:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1188:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1171:
1168:
1162:
1161:
1156:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1143:
1136:
1135:
1130:
1126:
1123:
1117:
1116:
1111:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1098:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1065:
1061:
1056:
1050:
1047:
1045:
1042:
1040:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1027:
1025:
1022:
1020:
1017:
1015:
1012:
1010:
1007:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
990:
987:
985:
982:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
967:
965:
962:
960:
957:
955:
952:
950:
947:
945:
942:
940:
937:
935:
932:
930:
927:
925:
922:
920:
917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
897:
895:
892:
890:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
875:
872:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
795:
792:
790:
787:
786:
784:
781:
780:
774:
771:
769:
768:mitochondrion
766:
764:
761:
759:
756:
754:
751:
749:
746:
744:
741:
739:
736:
734:
731:
730:
728:
725:
724:
718:
715:
713:
710:
708:
705:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
660:
658:
655:
654:
652:
649:
648:
645:
644:Gene ontology
641:
637:
625:
620:
616:
609:
602:
597:
594:
592:
588:
580:
575:
564:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
527:
524:
520:
515:
512:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
467:parotid gland
466:
465:
462:
458:
453:
450:
449:
446:
444:
440:
438:
437:
433:
432:
429:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
403:
398:
394:
390:
385:
375:
371:
364:
357:
351:
344:
336:
332:
328:
323:
319:
314:
310:
302:
297:
293:
289:
284:
274:
270:
263:
256:
250:
243:
239:
233:
229:
225:
220:
216:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
159:
154:
147:
142:
137:
126:
124:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
96:
90:
85:
82:
81:
77:
74:
67:
63:
58:
54:
50:
45:
40:
35:
30:
19:
5787:Beta-catenin
5390:Prometaphase
5197:
4960:
4945:
4930:
4915:
4856:
4844:
4799:
4795:
4785:
4750:
4746:
4736:
4709:
4705:
4695:
4660:
4656:
4608:
4604:
4562:
4558:
4518:
4514:
4466:
4462:
4452:
4411:
4407:
4401:
4374:
4370:
4360:
4318:(1): 84–91.
4315:
4311:
4263:
4259:
4249:
4214:
4210:
4162:
4159:Biochemistry
4158:
4132:
4128:
4122:
4085:
4081:
4025:
4021:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3908:
3904:
3894:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3810:
3806:
3796:
3763:
3759:
3717:
3713:
3707:
3683:
3672:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3597:(1): 45–51.
3594:
3590:
3580:
3556:(1): 49–58.
3553:
3549:
3539:
3514:
3510:
3476:
3467:
3424:
3420:
3413:
3386:
3382:
3372:
3340:(1): 24–35.
3337:
3333:
3323:
3298:
3294:
3288:
3253:
3249:
3239:
3214:
3210:
3204:
3169:
3165:
3155:
3122:
3118:
3112:
3077:
3073:
3063:
3028:
3024:
3014:
2989:
2985:
2979:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2913:
2909:
2903:
2870:
2866:
2860:
2830:(1): 27–32.
2827:
2823:
2816:
2794:(1): 42–55.
2791:
2787:
2781:
2756:
2752:
2708:
2704:
2694:
2653:
2649:
2643:
2608:
2604:
2594:
2559:
2555:
2497:
2493:
2487:
2460:
2456:
2446:
2429:
2417:. Retrieved
2406:
2365:
2361:
2333:
2329:
2323:
2282:
2278:
2272:
2246:
2237:
2228:
2219:
2070:
2067:Interactions
2061:
2053:
2039:
2031:
2016:
2007:
1991:
1983:
1958:mesothelioma
1952:detected by
1947:
1934:
1926:Clinical use
1920:
1911:
1907:
1900:
1898:cell lines.
1889:
1882:Carriers of
1881:
1875:
1868:
1854:
1850:
1837:
1825:
1805:
1753:chromosome 9
1746:
1706:
1703:Nomenclature
1678:
1647:
1633:
1609:
1605:
1601:
1597:
1593:
1592:
1369:NP_001035744
1366:
1345:
1338:NP_001350692
1326:NP_001182061
1298:NM_001040654
1295:
1277:NM_001363763
1274:
1255:NM_001195132
1226:
1203:
1177:
1158:
1132:
1113:
1093:
1088:
753:nuclear body
441:
434:
161:External IDs
92:
29:
5411:Cytokinesis
5380:Preprophase
5324:checkpoints
4898:PDB gallery
3442:2445/198366
2419:10 December
1903:skin cancer
1616:that slows
1472:Identifiers
1377:NP_034007.1
1348:NP_478102.2
758:nucleoplasm
687:p53 binding
682:DNA binding
677:RNA binding
400:89,212,890
387:89,192,708
299:21,995,301
286:21,967,752
139:Identifiers
6347:Biomarkers
6331:Categories
6110:DNA repair
6036:Cell cycle
5551:c-Sis/PDGF
5332:Interphase
5322:Phases and
5005:Cell cycle
4834:Genes,+p16
4515:Cell Cycle
3856:Aging Cell
3025:Oncotarget
2411:Hamosh A.
2214:, May 2017
2193:, May 2017
2170:References
1915:epigenetic
1871:cell lines
1847:Regulation
1808:stem cells
1777:inhibitors
1761:transcript
1545:structures
834:cell cycle
445:(ortholog)
182:HomoloGene
5519:Oncogenes
5455:Apoptosis
5405:Telophase
5395:Metaphase
5190:INK4a/ARF
4444:204997058
4167:CiteSeerX
3493:261791439
3459:256860640
2050:Discovery
2023:biomarker
1650:biomarker
1503:IPR010868
1373:NP_034007
1334:NP_478104
1330:NP_478102
1322:NP_000068
1302:NM_009877
1267:NM_058197
1263:NM_058196
1259:NM_058195
1251:NM_000077
1079:Orthologs
763:nucleolus
733:cytoplasm
190:GeneCards
6316:Stathmin
6061:Cyclin E
6056:Cyclin D
5694:HER2/neu
5574:Receptor
5400:Anaphase
5385:Prophase
5008:proteins
4818:11278317
4777:17190271
4728:12085228
4706:Oncogene
4635:14612427
4581:12446718
4537:18583933
4493:11739795
4352:23024663
4290:17353931
4241:10580009
4189:15065884
4141:12556559
4114:30792628
4060:16957738
4000:22048312
3943:28844647
3886:19485966
3837:27391570
3780:20571342
3734:23503925
3692:cite web
3664:28068784
3656:24503757
3621:24211084
3572:23387484
3531:23916365
3479:. 2023.
3451:36796393
3405:28128848
3364:20530316
3315:24240582
3280:22295037
3231:17383681
3196:16449996
3147:11512476
3139:22106032
3104:24155659
3055:24742402
2971:24935963
2910:Oncogene
2895:22823227
2852:23195660
2808:11237522
2735:17344414
2678:12351676
2586:22025288
2522:16957737
2479:10498883
2457:Oncogene
2315:13199401
2210:–
2189:–
2164:Cyclin D
2143:See also
2073:interact
1950:deletion
1944:p16 FISH
1822:Function
1773:isoforms
1658:melanoma
1643:deletion
1622:G1 phase
1562:RCSB PDB
1498:InterPro
1480:P19Arf_N
1425:Wikidata
1058:Sources:
804:G1 phase
557:calvaria
529:yolk sac
475:testicle
6306:c-Bcl-2
6114:Fanconi
6027:Nucleus
5469:Meiosis
5376:Mitosis
5368:M phase
5349:S phase
5216:cip/kip
4769:9529248
4679:9529249
4436:9751050
4416:Bibcode
4393:9228064
4344:8805225
4281:1847948
4105:6374340
4051:2586960
4030:Bibcode
3991:3468323
3970:Bibcode
3934:5788810
3913:Bibcode
3877:2752333
3828:4993332
3788:5065484
3742:7469046
3612:3942323
3355:2943767
3271:3258754
3187:2361183
3095:3805925
3046:4039222
3006:8093026
2962:4112445
2922:7624155
2887:8589035
2844:7726912
2773:9508208
2726:1820894
2686:6265267
2658:Bibcode
2650:Science
2635:8622687
2577:3288293
2530:4402013
2502:Bibcode
2398:4368128
2390:8259215
2370:Bibcode
2342:7606716
2307:8152487
2287:Bibcode
2212:Ensembl
2191:Ensembl
2135:SERTAD1
2123:PPP1R9B
1769:spliced
1626:S phase
1624:to the
1614:protein
1491:PF07392
1191:UniProt
1146:Ensembl
1085:Species
1064:QuickGO
748:nucleus
738:cytosol
420:pattern
146:Aliases
6096:p14arf
6009:Maspin
5689:c-ErbB
5527:Ligand
5308:Cullin
5194:p14arf
5016:Cyclin
4857:CDKN2A
4845:CDKN2A
4840:(MeSH)
4816:
4775:
4767:
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4687:334187
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1812:cancer
1749:CDKN2A
1699:CDK4.
1683:of 16
1635:CDKN2A
1606:CDKN2A
1577:PDBsum
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1523:SUPFAM
1477:Symbol
1411:search
1409:PubMed
1232:Q64364
1228:P51480
1209:Q8N726
1205:P42771
1101:Entrez
591:BioGPS
541:embryo
537:morula
487:tongue
278:9p21.3
194:CDKN2A
178:104738
170:600160
153:CDKN2A
42:CDKN2A
18:CDNK2A
6311:Notch
6230:c-Myc
6223:c-Jun
6218:c-Fos
6134:BRCA2
6129:BRCA1
5993:c-Src
5950:c-Raf
5940:c-Ras
5866:c-Akt
5837:SMAD4
5832:SMAD2
5740:c-Kit
5711:c-Ret
5706:c-Met
5699:Her 3
5627:PTCH1
5464:phase
5358:phase
5344:phase
5283:Cdc42
5278:Cdc25
5266:Other
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4773:S2CID
4683:S2CID
4484:60770
4440:S2CID
4348:S2CID
3807:Aging
3784:S2CID
3738:S2CID
3680:"p16"
3660:S2CID
3489:S2CID
3455:S2CID
3143:S2CID
2891:S2CID
2848:S2CID
2682:S2CID
2526:S2CID
2394:S2CID
2311:S2CID
2131:, and
2129:RPL11
2081:CCNG1
1765:exons
1720:CDKN2
1519:SCOPe
1510:SCOP2
1134:12578
1094:Mouse
1089:Human
1060:Amigo
443:Mouse
436:Human
383:Start
318:Mouse
282:Start
215:Human
186:55430
6286:SDHD
6281:SDHB
6246:KLF6
6213:AP-1
6206:ONCO
6168:MDM2
6156:ONCO
6051:CDK4
6044:ONCO
5986:ONCO
5945:HRAS
5933:ONCO
5882:PTEN
5859:ONCO
5780:ONCO
5745:Flt3
5733:ONCO
5685:ErbB
5678:ONCO
5598:CDH1
5544:ONCO
5517:and
5312:CUL7
5273:Cdc2
4961:2a5e
4946:1dc2
4931:1bi7
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1948:p16
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6239:TSP
6184:VHL
6177:TSP
6163:CBL
6122:TSP
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6087:WT1
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6070:TSP
6002:TSP
5959:TSP
5904:TSP
5875:TSP
5825:TSP
5803:APC
5796:TSP
5649:TSP
5620:TSP
5591:TSP
5556:HGF
5303:Wee
5293:E2F
5257:p73
5252:p63
5247:p53
5228:p57
5224:p27
5220:p21
5210:p19
5206:p18
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5198:p16
5152:11B
5147:11A
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4804:doi
4800:276
4755:doi
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4665:doi
4621:PMC
4613:doi
4567:doi
4563:278
4523:doi
4479:PMC
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4379:doi
4375:272
4330:hdl
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4268:doi
4227:PMC
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