1693:
1729:
1704:
140:
Carollo, Daniela; Freeman, Ken; Beers, Timothy; Placco, Vinicius; Tumlinson, Jason; Martell, Sarah (20 June 2014). "Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars: CEMP-s and CEMP-no Sub-Classes in the Halo System of the Milky Way".
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1034:
483:
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741:
615:
250:
24:
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937:
1517:
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416:
342:
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635:
433:
401:
275:
1532:
1502:
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1487:
1415:
1203:
369:
650:
50:
elements are enhanced. CEMP-no stars have no enhancement. Some of these are the earliest formed in the
1673:
1571:
1561:
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967:
952:
265:
160:
512:
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770:
406:
205:
176:
150:
58:
stars are more likely to be CEMP stars, and once < -5.0, then all the stars are CEMP stars.
1619:
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1044:
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797:
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330:
312:
280:
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1145:
927:
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719:
640:
364:
325:
168:
1634:
1437:
1306:
1150:
1121:
1062:
1057:
932:
660:
625:
559:
505:
500:
445:
255:
164:
115:
1696:
1462:
1301:
1128:
1099:
1074:
1007:
696:
564:
450:
352:
242:
232:
172:
72:
CEMP-r/s stars have between 0 and +0.5 so they are under the level for CEMP-s stars.
1779:
1648:
1442:
1405:
1373:
1248:
957:
780:
751:
729:
347:
320:
297:
198:
69:
CEMP-s stars have > +1 and > +0.5 80% of CEMP stars fall into this category.
180:
1708:
1383:
1333:
1328:
1228:
1111:
1094:
1052:
1012:
947:
830:
775:
756:
736:
714:
706:
549:
542:
381:
302:
285:
1624:
1323:
1296:
1288:
1278:
1258:
1233:
1162:
1084:
840:
815:
810:
724:
684:
645:
610:
593:
588:
260:
55:
1728:
1208:
905:
878:
855:
835:
820:
672:
576:
554:
532:
527:
391:
75:
CEMP-no stars have < 0. About 20% of CEMP stars fall into this category.
1395:
1243:
1027:
992:
987:
982:
942:
895:
885:
679:
655:
537:
488:
421:
411:
386:
359:
335:
270:
51:
47:
43:
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1089:
763:
522:
495:
39:, and < -1, meaning that iron is less than a tenth that in the Sun.
1663:
1138:
900:
667:
620:
603:
598:
517:
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860:
746:
32:
1703:
155:
1022:
1002:
221:
36:
194:
1368:
28:
190:
27:. CEMP stars have > +1, which means compared to the
1740:
54:. The others are termed CEMP-r, CEMP-s, or CEMP-r/s.
1612:
1461:
1359:
1287:
1186:
1043:
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311:
241:
109:"Carbon-Enhanced Metal-Poor Stars in the Milky Way"
1760:
206:
8:
1767:
1753:
1735:This article about stellar astronomy is a
438:
213:
199:
191:
154:
42:These are further categorized by whether
66:CEMP-r stars have > +1 and < 0.
84:
35:enhanced at least ten times more than
102:
100:
98:
96:
94:
92:
90:
88:
7:
1725:
1723:
107:Catherine r. Kennedy (29 May 2014).
1739:. You can help Knowledge (XXG) by
14:
1727:
1702:
1692:
1691:
17:Carbon-enhanced metal-poor stars
1:
1604:Timeline of stellar astronomy
1264:Hertzsprung–Russell diagram
173:10.1088/0004-637X/788/2/180
1807:
1722:
1178:Kelvin–Helmholtz mechanism
114:. Canberra. Archived from
1687:
441:
228:
143:The Astrophysical Journal
19:, usually referred to as
1557:With multiple exoplanets
25:chemically peculiar star
1791:Stellar astronomy stubs
343:Asymptotic giant branch
1679:Tidal disruption event
1168:Circumstellar envelope
402:Luminous blue variable
1204:Effective temperature
1674:Planet-hosting stars
1552:With resolved images
1523:Historical brightest
1453:Photometric-standard
1379:Solar radio emission
1173:Eddington luminosity
953:Triple-alpha process
891:Thorne–Żytkow object
266:Young stellar object
1498:Highest temperature
1269:Color–color diagram
1134:Protoplanetary disk
938:Proton–proton chain
616:Chemically peculiar
165:2014ApJ...788..180C
121:on October 19, 2015
1503:Lowest temperature
1254:Photometric system
1224:Absolute magnitude
1158:Circumstellar dust
771:Stellar black hole
407:Stellar population
293:Herbig–Haro object
1748:
1747:
1717:
1716:
1620:Substellar object
1599:Planetary nebulae
1018:Luminous red nova
928:Deuterium burning
914:
913:
397:Instability strip
377:Wolf-Rayet nebula
331:Horizontal branch
276:Pre-main-sequence
31:these stars have
23:, are a class of
1798:
1769:
1762:
1755:
1731:
1724:
1709:Stars portal
1707:
1706:
1695:
1694:
1351:Planetary system
1274:Strömgren sphere
1146:Asteroseismology
867:Black hole star
439:
365:Planetary nebula
326:Red-giant branch
215:
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192:
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1701:
1683:
1608:
1577:Milky Way novae
1513:Smallest volume
1457:
1438:Radial velocity
1361:
1355:
1307:Common envelope
1283:
1182:
1151:Helioseismology
1122:Bipolar outflow
1063:Microturbulence
1058:Convection zone
1039:
933:Lithium burning
920:Nucleosynthesis
910:
792:
701:
428:
307:
256:Molecular cloud
237:
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1508:Largest volume
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1219:Magnetic field
1216:
1211:
1206:
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1196:
1190:
1188:
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1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1154:
1153:
1143:
1142:
1141:
1136:
1129:Accretion disk
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1109:
1108:
1107:
1105:Alfvén surface
1102:
1100:Stellar corona
1097:
1092:
1087:
1077:
1075:Radiation zone
1072:
1071:
1070:
1065:
1055:
1049:
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1038:
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916:
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876:
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828:
823:
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760:
759:
754:
744:
734:
733:
732:
722:
717:
711:
709:
703:
702:
700:
699:
697:Blue straggler
694:
693:
692:
682:
677:
676:
675:
665:
664:
663:
658:
653:
648:
643:
638:
633:
628:
623:
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515:
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491:
486:
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455:Main sequence
453:
448:
442:
436:
434:Classification
430:
429:
427:
426:
425:
424:
419:
409:
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399:
394:
389:
384:
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374:
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370:Protoplanetary
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63:
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13:
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3:
2:
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1672:
1670:
1669:Intergalactic
1667:
1665:
1662:
1660:
1657:
1655:
1652:
1650:
1649:Galactic year
1647:
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1640:
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1600:
1597:
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1568:
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1558:
1555:
1553:
1550:
1546:
1543:
1539:
1536:
1535:
1534:
1531:
1529:
1528:Most luminous
1526:
1524:
1521:
1519:
1516:
1514:
1511:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1501:
1499:
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1473:
1472:
1469:
1468:
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1460:
1454:
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1449:
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1444:
1443:Proper motion
1441:
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1429:
1427:
1424:
1422:
1419:
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1406:Constellation
1404:
1402:
1399:
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1390:
1387:
1385:
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1380:
1377:
1375:
1374:Solar eclipse
1372:
1371:
1370:
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1360:Earth-centric
1358:
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1050:
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1036:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1024:
1021:
1019:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1005:
1004:
1001:
999:
996:
994:
991:
989:
986:
984:
981:
979:
976:
974:
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
958:Alpha process
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
929:
926:
925:
923:
921:
917:
907:
904:
902:
899:
897:
894:
892:
889:
887:
884:
880:
877:
874:
872:
869:
868:
866:
862:
859:
857:
854:
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849:
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844:
842:
839:
837:
834:
832:
829:
827:
824:
822:
819:
818:
817:
814:
812:
809:
807:
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801:
799:
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789:
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772:
769:
765:
762:
758:
755:
753:
750:
749:
748:
745:
743:
740:
739:
738:
735:
731:
730:Helium planet
728:
727:
726:
723:
721:
720:Parker's star
718:
716:
713:
712:
710:
708:
704:
698:
695:
691:
688:
687:
686:
683:
681:
678:
674:
671:
670:
669:
666:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
651:Lambda Boötis
649:
647:
644:
642:
639:
637:
634:
632:
629:
627:
624:
622:
619:
618:
617:
614:
612:
609:
605:
602:
600:
597:
595:
592:
591:
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587:
583:
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579:
578:
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571:
568:
566:
563:
561:
558:
557:
556:
553:
551:
548:
544:
541:
539:
536:
534:
531:
530:
529:
526:
524:
521:
519:
516:
514:
511:
507:
504:
502:
499:
498:
497:
494:
490:
487:
485:
482:
480:
477:
475:
472:
470:
467:
465:
462:
460:
457:
456:
454:
452:
449:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
435:
431:
423:
420:
418:
417:Superluminous
415:
414:
413:
410:
408:
405:
403:
400:
398:
395:
393:
390:
388:
385:
383:
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375:
371:
368:
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361:
358:
354:
351:
349:
346:
345:
344:
341:
337:
334:
333:
332:
329:
327:
324:
322:
321:Main sequence
319:
318:
316:
314:
310:
304:
301:
299:
298:Hayashi track
296:
294:
291:
287:
284:
282:
279:
277:
274:
272:
269:
268:
267:
264:
262:
259:
257:
254:
252:
249:
248:
246:
244:
240:
234:
231:
230:
227:
223:
216:
211:
209:
204:
202:
197:
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193:
182:
178:
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170:
166:
162:
157:
152:
148:
144:
136:
133:
117:
110:
103:
101:
99:
97:
95:
93:
91:
89:
85:
78:
76:
73:
70:
67:
61:
59:
57:
53:
49:
45:
40:
38:
34:
30:
26:
22:
18:
1741:expanding it
1734:
1719:
1572:White dwarfs
1562:Brown dwarfs
1545:Most distant
1493:Most massive
1471:Proper names
1431:Photographic
1384:Solar System
1362:observations
1289:Star systems
1112:Stellar wind
1095:Chromosphere
1068:Oscillations
948:Helium flash
798:Hypothetical
776:X-ray binary
715:Compact star
630:
550:Bright giant
303:Henyey track
281:Herbig Ae/Be
146:
142:
135:
123:. Retrieved
116:the original
74:
71:
68:
65:
62:Subdivisions
41:
20:
16:
15:
1625:Brown dwarf
1401:Circumpolar
1279:Kraft break
1259:Color index
1234:Metallicity
1194:Designation
1163:Cosmic dust
1085:Photosphere
851:Dark-energy
826:Electroweak
811:Black dwarf
742:Radio-quiet
725:White dwarf
611:White dwarf
261:Bok globule
125:18 December
1786:Star types
1780:Categories
1587:Candidates
1582:Supernovae
1567:Red dwarfs
1426:Extinction
1214:Kinematics
1209:Luminosity
1187:Properties
1080:Atmosphere
978:Si burning
968:Ne burning
906:White hole
879:Quasi-star
806:Blue dwarf
661:Technetium
577:Hypergiant
555:Supergiant
149:(2): 180.
79:References
56:Metal-poor
21:CEMP stars
1518:Brightest
1416:Magnitude
1396:Pole star
1317:Symbiotic
1312:Eclipsing
1244:Starlight
1045:Structure
1035:Supernova
1028:Micronova
1023:Recurrent
1008:Symbiotic
993:p-process
988:r-process
983:s-process
973:O burning
963:C burning
943:CNO cycle
886:Gravastar
422:Hypernova
412:Supernova
387:Dredge-up
360:Blue loop
353:super-AGB
336:Red clump
313:Evolution
271:Protostar
251:Accretion
243:Formation
156:1401.0574
52:Milky Way
48:s-process
44:r-process
1697:Category
1592:Remnants
1488:Extremes
1448:Parallax
1421:Apparent
1411:Asterism
1389:Sunlight
1339:Globular
1324:Multiple
1249:Variable
1239:Rotation
1199:Dynamics
1090:Starspot
764:Magnetar
707:Remnants
523:Subgiant
496:Subdwarf
348:post-AGB
181:59932382
1664:Gravity
1613:Related
1533:Nearest
1481:Chinese
1329:Cluster
1302:Contact
1139:Proplyd
1013:Remnant
901:Blitzar
875:Hawking
831:Strange
781:Burster
737:Neutron
690:Extreme
641:He-weak
286:T Tauri
161:Bibcode
1654:Galaxy
1642:Planet
1630:Desert
1538:bright
1476:Arabic
1297:Binary
1117:Bubble
841:Planck
816:Exotic
752:Binary
747:Pulsar
685:Helium
646:Barium
589:Carbon
582:Yellow
570:Yellow
543:Yellow
382:PG1159
179:
33:carbon
1659:Guest
1463:Lists
1344:Super
998:Fusor
871:Black
856:Quark
836:Preon
821:Boson
757:X-ray
673:Shell
626:Ap/Bp
528:Giant
446:Early
392:OH/IR
222:Stars
177:S2CID
151:arXiv
119:(PDF)
112:(PDF)
1737:stub
1334:Open
1229:Mass
1053:Core
1003:Nova
896:Iron
846:Dark
656:Lead
636:HgMn
631:CEMP
560:Blue
533:Blue
451:Late
233:List
127:2016
37:iron
1635:Sub
1369:Sun
788:SGR
565:Red
538:Red
169:doi
147:788
46:or
29:Sun
1782::
668:Be
621:Am
604:CH
599:CN
518:OB
513:WR
175:.
167:.
159:.
145:.
87:^
1768:e
1761:t
1754:v
1743:.
861:Q
680:B
594:S
506:B
501:O
489:M
484:K
479:G
474:F
469:A
464:B
459:O
214:e
207:t
200:v
183:.
171::
163::
153::
129:.
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