323:. Spermadhesins are 110–133 amino acid polypeptides. The binding activity of spermadhesins, e.g. heparin and carbohydrate binding, enables their central role in promoting attachment of the spermatozoa to carbohydrate groups on the glycoproteins found on the surface of oocytes. The spermadhesins from pigs, bulls and stallions show 40–98% similarity in their amino acid sequences and all possess a disulphide bond between adjacent cysteine residues. The porcine spermadhesin polypeptides are coded by five closely linked genes. Bovine spermadhesin relies on a significantly lower number of genes with only two being associated with expression of this protein in bovine seminal fluid. Redundant genetic coding for spermadhesins have been observed in chimpanzees, dogs, and humans. The region correlating to spermadhesin genes in rat and mice DNA is void of any spermadhesin code. These variations in expression and genetic coding of spermadhesins are seen to result from evolutionary adjustments in genes as a consequence of mutations and deletions in genetic material.
218:. The CUB domain (for complement C1r/C1s, Uegf, Bmp1) is a structural motif of approximately 110 residues found almost exclusively in extracellular and plasma membrane-associated proteins, many of which are developmentally regulated. These proteins are involved in a diverse range of functions, including complement activation, developmental patterning, tissue repair, axon guidance and angiogenesis, cell signalling, fertilisation, haemostasis, inflammation, neurotransmission, receptor-mediated endocytosis, and tumour suppression. Many CUB-containing proteins are peptidases belonging to MEROPS peptidase families M12A (astacin) and S1A (chymotrypsin).
326:
Some CUB domains appear to be involved in oligomerisation and/or recognition of substrates and binding partners. For example, in the complement proteases, the CUB domains mediate dimerisation and binding to collagen-like regions of target proteins (e.g. C1q for C1r/C1s). The structure of CUB domains
826:"Insights into how CUB domains can exert specific functions while sharing a common fold: conserved and specific features of the CUB1 domain contribute to the molecular basis of procollagen C-proteinase enhancer-1 activity"
331:. Almost all CUB domains contain four conserved cysteines that probably form two disulphide bridges (C1-C2, C3-C4). The CUB1 domains of C1s and Map19 have calcium-binding sites.
140:
230:
Mammalian complement subcomponents C1s/C1r, which form the calcium-dependent complex C1, the first component of the classical pathway of the complement system.
894:
814:
Haase B, Schlötterer C, Hundrieser ME, Kuiper H, Distl O, Töpfer-Petersen E, Leeb T., Evolution of the spermadhesin gene family, Gene. (2005) 352, P-20-29
709:"Crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of boar seminal plasma spermadhesin PSP-I/PSP-II, a heterodimer of two CUB domains"
76:
611:"Complement components C1r/C1s, bone morphogenic protein 1 and Xenopus laevis developmentally regulated protein UVS.2 share common repeats"
241:
Mammalian complement-activating component of Ra-reactive factor (RARF), a protease that cleaves the C4 component of complement.
309:
Several of the above proteins consist of a catalytic domain together with several CUB domains interspersed by calcium-binding
279:(A5 antigen), a calcium-independent cell adhesion molecule that functions during the formation of certain neuronal circuits.
160:
287:
346:
259:
238:(Hamster) serine protease Casp, which degrades type I and IV collagen and fibronectin in the presence of calcium.
96:
889:
249:
148:
574:
Bork P, Beckmann G (May 1993). "The CUB domain. A widespread module in developmentally regulated proteins".
269:
144:
766:
Töpfer-Petersen E, Romero A, Varela PF, Ekhlasi-Hundrieser M, Dostàlovà Z, Sanz L, Calvete JJ (1998).
89:
262:), a protein which induces cartilage and bone formation and expresses metalloendopeptidase activity.
234:
101:
884:
797:
748:
689:
640:
282:
294:
Mammalian hyaluronate-binding protein TSG-6 (or PS4), a serum and growth factor induced protein.
847:
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660:"Expression of the CUB domain containing protein 1 (CDCP1) gene in colorectal tumour cells"
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255:), a type II membrane protein of the intestinal brush border, which activates trypsinogen.
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Blanc G, Font B, Eichenberger D, Moreau C, Ricard-Blum S, Hulmes DJ, Moali C (Jun 2007).
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is a subdivision of the CUB domain family and forms a major component of the mammalian
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215:
878:
725:
708:
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Perry SE, Robinson P, Melcher A, Quirke P, Bühring HJ, Cook GP, Blair GE (Mar 2007).
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embryonic protein UVS.2, which is expressed during dorsoanterior development.
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768:"Spermadhesins: a new protein family. Facts, hypotheses and perspectives"
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Romero A, Varela PF, Sanz L, Töpfer-Petersen E, Calvete JJ (Mar 1996).
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Human genes encoding proteins containing this domain include:
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This article incorporates text from the public domain
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265:Sea urchin blastula proteins BP10 and SpAN.
273:hypothetical proteins F42A10.8 and R151.5.
226:Proteins containing a CUB domain include:
108:
841:
783:
734:
724:
675:
626:
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258:Vertebrate bone morphogenic protein 1 (
18:
7:
830:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
327:consists of a beta-sandwich with a
895:Single-pass transmembrane proteins
785:10.1111/j.1439-0272.1998.tb01163.x
14:
214:is an evolutionarily conserved
1:
677:10.1016/j.febslet.2007.02.025
288:Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
112:Available protein structures:
726:10.1016/0014-5793(96)00133-0
628:10.1016/0014-5793(91)80433-4
576:Journal of Molecular Biology
911:
860:
107:
297:Mammalian spermadhesins.
843:10.1074/jbc.M701610200
588:10.1006/jmbi.1993.1305
291:(Purple sea urchin).
609:Bork P (Apr 1991).
209:
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161:structure summary
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836:(23): 16924–33.
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890:Protein domains
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778:(4–5): 217–24.
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285:I and III from
246:enteropeptidase
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670:(6): 1137–42.
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16:Protein domain
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719:(1–2): 15–7.
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582:(2): 539–45.
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189:B:28-134
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736:10261/246550
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713:FEBS Letters
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664:FEBS Letters
663:
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615:FEBS Letters
614:
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317:Spermadhesin
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283:Fibropellins
268:
233:
225:
211:
210:
195:B:30-128
183:A:28-134
177:A:18-127
621:(1): 9–12.
311:EGF domains
244:Vertebrate
212:CUB domain
27:Identifiers
885:CUB domain
879:Categories
772:Andrologia
562:References
277:Neuropilin
270:C. elegans
124:structures
22:CUB domain
871:IPR000858
70:PDOC00758
58:IPR000859
867:InterPro
852:17446170
802:24941844
753:37515421
694:30701692
686:17335815
645:33375087
253:3.4.21.9
222:Examples
141:RCSB PDB
53:InterPro
794:9739418
745:8612739
637:2026272
596:8510165
551:TNFAIP6
547:TMPRSS7
485:PCOLCE2
419:KREMEN2
415:KREMEN1
201::30-127
102:cd00041
65:PROSITE
46:PF00431
850:
800:
792:
751:
743:
692:
684:
643:
635:
594:
529:SEZ6L2
517:SCUBE3
513:SCUBE2
509:SCUBE1
481:PCOLCE
409:GPR126
395:DCBLD2
391:DCBLD1
343:ATRNL1
156:PDBsum
130:
120:
90:SUPFAM
32:Symbol
798:S2CID
749:S2CID
690:S2CID
641:S2CID
556:psk-2
525:SEZ6L
497:PRSS7
493:PDGFD
489:PDGFC
475:OVCH2
471:OVCH1
457:NETO2
453:NETO1
443:MASP2
439:MASP1
429:LRP12
425:LRP10
399:DMBT1
385:CUZD1
377:CSMD3
373:CSMD2
369:CSMD1
365:CDCP2
260:BMP-1
86:SCOPe
77:SCOP2
865:and
863:Pfam
848:PMID
790:PMID
741:PMID
682:PMID
633:PMID
592:PMID
543:TLL2
539:TLL1
533:ST14
521:SEZ6
503:RAMP
465:NRP2
461:NRP1
447:MFRP
433:LRP3
403:DREG
381:CUBN
357:C1RL
347:BMP1
339:ATRN
198:1sfp
192:1spp
186:1szb
180:1nt0
174:1nzi
149:PDBj
145:PDBe
128:ECOD
118:Pfam
82:1sfp
41:Pfam
838:doi
834:282
780:doi
731:hdl
721:doi
717:382
672:doi
668:581
623:doi
619:282
584:doi
580:231
361:C1S
353:C1R
168:PDB
136:PDB
97:CDD
35:CUB
881::
869::
846:.
832:.
828:.
796:.
788:.
776:30
774:.
770:.
747:.
739:.
729:.
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688:.
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631:.
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359:,
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345:,
341:,
313:.
250:EC
147:;
143:;
126:/
88:/
84:/
854:.
840::
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782::
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733::
723::
696:.
674::
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625::
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586::
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505:,
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467:,
449:,
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387:,
349:,
248:(
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