149:
193:
133:
179:
213:
163:
418:
Brossi, A.; Schenker, F.; Leimgruber, W. (January 1964), "Synthesen in der
Isochinolinreihe Neue Synthesen der Kaktusalkaloide Anhalamin, Anhalidin, rac . Anhalonidin und rac . Pellotin",
372:
Chan, Camilla B.; Poulie, Christian B. M.; Wismann, Simon S.; Soelberg, Jens; Kristensen, Jesper L. (2021-08-27), "The
Alkaloids from Lophophora diffusa and Other "False Peyotes"",
199:
271:
unit is formed from a hydroxyl and a methoxy group. Further branching of the biosynthetic pathways occurs through the methylation of the
192:
344:). The other alkaloids predominantly exhibit much less pronounced pharmacological effects and may have anticonvulsant properties.
132:
148:
296:
178:
255:
scaffold can also be constructed from the intermediates of mescaline biosynthesis by a ring closure, resulting in
52:, which alone contains over 40 known compounds. The alkaloids can be categorized into two groups, derived from
162:
292:
252:
106:, the content and variety of cactus alkaloids are significantly lower, but some contain compounds such as
57:
31:
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169:
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Cactus alkaloids are found in the cactus family, particularly in the genus
291:
Various synthetic methods for cactus alkaloids are known. In the case of
240:
236:
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27:
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is the starting point for the biosynthesis of cactus alkaloids
348:
was briefly used as a sedative in the early 20th century.
334:
and is responsible for the hallucinogenic properties of
295:
compounds, the ring system is usually built up by a
86:, the primary alkaloid is pellotine, followed by
422:, vol. 47, no. 7, pp. 2089–2098,
376:, vol. 84, no. 8, pp. 2398–2407,
263:. Anhalonidine is the biosynthetic precursor of
8:
243:. By introducing a third hydroxy group and
60:, respectively. The primary alkaloid in
357:
128:
114:, mescaline, or pellotine. A number of
275:from dopamine. This pathway leads to
7:
367:
365:
363:
361:
228:of cactus alkaloids starts from the
14:
315:can be synthesized starting from
16:Chemical compounds found in cacti
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177:
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147:
131:
102:. In species outside the genus
42:Occurrence and Representatives
1:
297:Bischler-Napieralski reaction
247:of all three hydroxy groups,
382:10.1021/acs.jnatprod.1c00381
395:"Mescaline in Trichocereus"
374:Journal of Natural Products
235:and proceeds initially via
463:
66:(in terms of quantity) is
30:. Structurally, they are
428:10.1002/hlca.19640470752
118:are found in the genus
32:tetrahydroisoquinolines
420:Helvetica Chimica Acta
323:Pharmacological Effect
293:tetrahydroisoquinoline
253:tetrahydroisoquinoline
221:
58:tetrahydroisoquinoline
337:Lophophora williamsii
215:
140:Lophophora williamsii
63:Lophophora williamsii
399:The Mescaline Garden
279:and subsequently to
200:Echinopsis pachanoi
222:
170:Lophophora diffusa
116:psychoactive cacti
77:Lophophora diffusa
83:Lophophora fricii
74:. In the species
36:phenylethylamines
454:
431:
430:
415:
409:
408:
406:
405:
391:
385:
384:
369:
319:, among others.
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165:
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124:San Pedro cactus
112:N-methyltyramine
20:Cactus alkaloids
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216:The amino acid
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122:, such as the
70:, followed by
54:phenethylamine
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26:that occur in
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267:, in which a
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251:is formed. A
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402:. Retrieved
398:
389:
373:
341:
335:
326:
309:anhalonidine
290:
269:benzodioxole
261:anhalonidine
226:biosynthesis
223:
208:Biosynthesis
198:
168:
138:
103:
99:
91:
88:anhalonidine
81:
75:
61:
47:
45:
19:
18:
332:psychedelic
281:lophophorin
273:amino group
245:methylation
404:2024-08-30
352:References
305:anhalidine
301:Anhalamine
265:anhalonine
257:anhalamine
230:amino acid
120:Echinopsis
104:Lophophora
100:L. diffusa
96:anhalamine
49:Lophophora
447:Alkaloids
346:Pellotine
328:Mescaline
317:mescaline
313:pellotine
287:Synthesis
277:pellotine
249:mescaline
185:Pellotine
155:Mescaline
108:hordenine
92:L. fricii
72:pellotine
68:mescaline
24:alkaloids
441:Category
241:dopamine
237:tyramine
233:tyrosine
218:tyrosine
342:peyote
311:, and
28:cactus
330:is a
259:and
239:and
224:The
94:and
80:and
56:and
34:and
22:are
424:doi
378:doi
98:in
90:in
443::
397:.
360:^
307:,
303:,
299:.
283:.
110:,
38:.
426::
407:.
380::
340:(
126:.
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