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first, railroads bought multiple-unit diesel locomotives as one-for-one replacements for steam locomotives; as a result, railroads could not take advantage of the flexibility afforded by interchangeable units, which could be assembled into any required power output. When a three- or four-unit locomotive was considered an indivisible unit, there was no point in the intermediate units having cabs. A further advantage was that as B units had no controls, unions were unable to insist that each unit be staffed. Finally, B units gave a smoother, streamlined appearance to the train for passenger service.
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would have to get from one locomotive to the other with every direction change. In 1975, the railway company, seeking a solution for this problem, decided to adapt part of their Type 82 fleet. For testing purposes, 8275 had most of its cab removed, including the windows, the doors and the roof. The basic controls were left in place, covered by a removable metal plate, so it would be possible to control the locomotive on its own in case of emergency. With the cab removed, the engineer could see over the B–unit, so getting from one locomotive to the other was no longer necessary.
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1062:«Б» («A» and «B») are given to two A units, and letters «В» and «Г» («V» and «G», third and fourth letters in Russian alphabet) are given to B units in the middle. The only exception are electric locomotives 2ES10, B units of which received separate numbering and the «2ЭС10С» (2ES10S) type designation. In the factory documentation, the three-unit version of these locomotives often called as 3ES10, however, this designation is not used in practice.
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example, ALCO DL-202 and DL-203 for A and B units respectively), later the model name was usually indicated by the letter B at the end or in the middle of a model. The only exception is the DD35, which was initially created as B unit before a similar A unit with a cabin, called DD35A, appeared. At the same time, shunting
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used to operate one locomotive which could be considered a B–unit. Originally a regular Type 82 shunting locomotive, locomotive 8275 had the top half of its control cab removed. Type 82 locomotives were mostly used in pairs for shunting heavy freight trains. Because of visibility issues, the engineer
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became the common kind of diesel locomotive, some B units were built, but many railroads soon came to the opinion that the lower cost of a B unit did not offset the lack of operational flexibility. Few B units have been built in the last 40 years. Railroads that kept ordering B units longer than most
356:
The term primarily is applied to freight locomotives, but can be applied to passenger multiple units as well in some cases for when motor cars are put in the middle of trains. In practice however, the term is rarely used to describe multiple unit trains, and in many circumstances the non-cab cars are
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After extensive testing proved that the adaptions were unsuccessful, it was decided that no other units would be converted. However, 8275 was never converted back and served as
Belgium's only B–unit, mostly in the port of Antwerp, until 2001, when it was scrapped after a collision with a truck. 8275
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A prefix number with the total number of units is indicated in the model name before the main designation: «2» was used for two-unit A-A locomotives, «3» — for three-unit A-B-A locomotives and «4» — for four-unit A-B-B-A locomotives. Each unit has an additional letter after a number: letters «А» and
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units), and all non-essential equipment is removed. The degree to which this equipment is removed depends on the railroad, but may (and usually does) include the removal of the speedometer, event recorder, horn, headlights, toilet, and cab heaters. This conversion was sometimes performed when the A
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to move the B unit locomotive by itself in a yard or shops. B units without controls are generally semi-permanently coupled to controlling units. Sometimes, there is a terminology distinction between the types: a 'booster' is a B unit with hostler controls, and a 'slave' is a B unit without hostler
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In the USSR and later Russia, Ukraine, Kazakhstan and other post-Soviet countries, unlike the US, B units don't have their own numbers and model designations, because they operate in a semi-fixed formations with two A units and so considered as parts of a single multi-unit locomotive with A-B-A or
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The reasons railroads ordered B units included the fact that a B unit was slightly cheaper. With no driving cab, B units lack windshields, crew seats, radios, heating, and air conditioning. There would also be no toilets, which were usually found in the short hood of an A unit. Additionally, at
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In the US, B units of mainline diesel locomotives usually had their own model designation and received their individual numbers as independent locomotive units, not tied to any A units. The first B units usually used next or previous model number to model number of a corresponding A unit (for
470:'s GP11 rebuild program, some of the engines used were ex-UP GP9Bs, and in their SD20 program, some ex-UP SD24Bs were also used. BNSF converted a former ATSF GP60B #370 into a cab unit and was renumbered to #170 in 2010. This unit was later renumbered as BNSF 200 in 2014.
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In rare instances, a B unit will run at the front of a train. That is usually avoided because it limits visibility from the locomotive cab, but locomotive orientation and operational requirements may dictate that the B–unit runs first. A prominent example is the
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Fuxing electro-diesel trainset with HXD1D-J electric locomotive and 9 passenger coaches. Both electric and diesel-electric lcoomotives have changed body design and are adapted for joint operation as part of a train. These trains are served on
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diesel locomotives with semi-permanently coupled A and B unit were considered a single locomotive, so a common designation for both units were used. The New York City
Revenue cars 66 and 67 were R8A units which were B units also.
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These are all known B unit models, with discrepancies settled by the later (Marre) reference. At least one of each model was manufactured. All units below contain one or more engines and traction motors, so
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Some B units cannot be moved without a controlling unit attached, but most have some simple controls inside, and often a side window at that control station. For example, B unit versions of the
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may have one or four B units. In 2013, CSR delivered 2 three unit locomotives (A-B-A formation, 14.4 MW). In 2020, CRRC produced six-unit locomotives (A-B-B-B-B-A formation, 28.8 MW) for
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At the same time, the designation system of industrial quarry electric and electro-diesel locomotives is different. The number initially indicated the number of motorized dump cars or
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with conventional couplers had a fifth porthole-style window added on the right side only for the control station. Other models used existing windows. These controls enable a
1510:. With a power output of 28.8 MW it is regarded as the world's most powerful multi-segment electric locomotive. These locomotives are dubbed the "Shenhua 24" Series.
431:
1328:
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1069:, and the letter A or T indicated the presence of a diesel generator B unit, but subsequently the numbers and letters lost their original meaning.
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were diesel shunting locomotives with two semi-permanently coupled A and B units (also known as a master and slave formation) both converted from
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three-unit electric locomotives with A-B-A formation (originally they were two-unit Dm locomotives and later B units were coupled in the middle)
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In some cases, a B unit is converted from an already existing A unit. The cab is either removed or has its windows blanked out (such as on
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B unit converted from an EMD F9AM locomotive. The cabin shape was preserved, but its windows were blanked out and the front door was added.
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OPE1A electro-diesel locomotive with primary electric locomotive (A unit), diesel-generator booster (B unit) and motorized
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FXN3-J diesel-electric locomotive with A and B units, derived from a FXN3 locomotive with two A units, manufactured by
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B–units of these locomotives have reduced set of driving controls, intended for service movement of the locomotive.
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Union
Pacific gas turbine locomotive with diesel A unit (left), gas turbine B unit (center) and tender (right)
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3ES10 (officially 2ES10 with 2ES10S B–unit) and 4ES5K electric locomotives have pantographs only on A units
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1578:"RailPictures.Net Photo: UP 726B Union Pacific EMD GP30B at San Bernardino, California by Craig Walker"
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and the locomotive it was connected to were known as 'Koe en Kalf' (cow and calf) among railway staff.
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462:. The homebuilt cabs were referred to as "Crandall Cabs". Also, the Santa Fe rebuilt four of its five
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five-unit diesel locomotive in A-B-B-B-A formation (two A and three B units) with a passenger train
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model in 1991, which were the final B units built for road service in North
America as of 2005.
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1058:. Many other Russian locomotives function as semi-permanently coupled 3 or 4 unit sets.
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Italian electric locomotive E.321.111 (A unit) coupled with E.322.111 (B unit), Italy
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In some rare instances, B units were converted to incorporate a cab, such as on the
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1245:(versions with diesel-generator B–unit instead of one or both motorized dump cars)
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and post-Soviet countries. Elsewhere, locomotives without driving cabs are rare.
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867:(by BN; MP also operated a cabless U30C but did not give it this designation),
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unit had been in a collision and rebuilding the cab was not cost-effective.
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or crew compartment, and must therefore be operated in tandem with another
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3ES4K locomotive has pantographs on all three units, including a B unit
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diesel locomotive with a master A and slave B unit, the United
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A-B-B-A configuration respectively. Most of these locomotives work on
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1893:. Kalmbach Books. Library of Congress Catalog Card No. 66-22894.
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of the third generation with a diesel A and gas turbine B unit
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http://www.rrpicturearchives.net/showPicture.aspx?id=238466
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directly or indirectly permanently attached to a cab car.
1525:. This locomotive operates as a power car of a push-pull
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3ES8 electric locomotives has pantographs only on A units
1791:"China develops high-power electric locomotive-Ecns.cn"
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S electric locomotives have been converted into B units
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Russian and
Ukrainian multi-unit electric locomotives
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USSR, Russia, Ukraine and other post-Soviet countries
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Russian and
Ukrainian multi-unit diesel locomotives
101:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
349:are also used. The concept is largely confined to
395:days in the 1930s, 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. When
1089:(3TE10V, 3TE10M, 3TE10U, UzTE16M3 and 4TE10S),
1638:Australian Railway Historical Society Bulletin
1026:electric locomotive for joint operation with
8:
1382:electric locomotives (without cab and also
64:Learn how and when to remove these messages
1679:神华新型八轴大功率交流电力机车上线试运行. 国务院国资委. 2013-01-17 .
1498:electric locomotives for coal railways of
1022:experimental coal gas turbine B–unit from
403:were largely Western roads, including the
241:Learn how and when to remove this message
223:Learn how and when to remove this message
161:Learn how and when to remove this message
186:This article includes a list of general
1544:
1418:
1248:
1181:Novocherkassk Electric Locomotive Plant
1120:
1876:Diesel Locomotives: The First 50 Years
1664:New British Railways Standard Shunter
1458:three-unit electric locomotive, Sweden
1225:Industrial electro-diesel locomotives:
267:locomotive still in service as of 2016
263:#346, a rare example of a B unit of a
1764:"28·8 MW freight locomotive unveiled"
1010:Union Pacific gas turbine locomotives
7:
99:adding citations to reliable sources
1329:South Australian Railways 600 class
452:Chicago & North Western Railway
391:B units were commonly built in the
1471:, the national railway company of
192:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1891:The Second Diesel Spotter's Guide
905:trainset (A-B or A-B-B formation)
45:This article has multiple issues.
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1231:Dnipro Electric Locomotive Plant
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887:— power cars 9906B and 9907B of
880:locomotives for diesel trainsets
503:List of B unit locomotive models
329:) which does not have a control
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34:
1584:from the original on 2021-12-31
1559:from the original on 2005-04-18
86:needs additional citations for
53:or discuss these issues on the
27:Type of cabless locomotive unit
1626:issue 104 November 1994 page 8
1620:BU - Booster Units in Traffic
1506:the parent holding company of
1104:Bryansk Machine-Building Plant
1:
1769:Railway Gazette International
1641:issue 761 March 2001 page 112
486:B-unit coupled with six-axle
1889:Pinkepank, Jerry A. (1973).
1851:"秦岭山间舞小青——内电双源高原动车组宝天铁路精彩亮相"
466:to GP9us with cabs. In the
1928:
1878:. Kalmbach Publishing Co.
1363:Pacific National XRB class
565:(M-10005 or M-10006), 1940
337:locomotive with a cab (an
1857:(in Chinese). 14 May 2021
1740:"全球最大功率电力机车神24在中车株机下线_重载"
924:Cow-calf diesel shunters:
918:(TR4) cow-calf locomotive
891:trainsets (A-B formation)
307:electro-diesel locomotive
279:diesel locomotive with a
1874:Marre, Louis A. (1995).
1553:"Long hood forward, yet"
1515:Electro-diesel trainsets
991:Gas turbine locomotives:
546:hood B-unit, working in
458:B units bought from the
275:"B" unit of the Russian
1667:Diesel Railway Traction
1504:China Energy Investment
454:in the 1970s with some
419:. Santa Fe ordered the
207:more precise citations.
1670:May 1955 pages 142-146
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1532:Sichuan–Tibet railway
1429:British Rail Class 13
1401:British Rail Class 08
1397:British Rail Class 13
1346:- cabless version of
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1175:Electric locomotives:
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468:Illinois Central Gulf
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1912:Electric locomotives
1715:"神朔铁路，24轴电力机车，厉害，厉害"
1695:cn.chinadaily.com.cn
1691:"全球最大功率电力机车神24昨在株下线"
1651:XRB Class Locomotive
1489:Electric locomotives
319:railroad terminology
95:improve this article
1833:"CR200JS-G (video)"
1635:Rolling Stock News
1325:Australian National
1073:Diesel locomotives:
598:Black Maria Booster
579:Diesel locomotives:
540:Burlington Northern
413:Burlington Northern
1907:Diesel locomotives
1607:2007-03-12 at the
1327:BUs, rebuilt from
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903:M-10003 to M-10006
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1006:GE Transportation
897:— power cars for
861:GE Transportation
799:GE Transportation
327:diesel locomotive
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1197:some A units of
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895:Pullman-Standard
548:Aurora, Illinois
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803:UM20B booster
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112: –
111:
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106:Find sources:
100:
96:
90:
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84:This article
82:
78:
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72:
67:
65:
58:
57:
52:
51:
46:
41:
32:
31:
19:
1890:
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1859:. Retrieved
1854:
1845:
1837:bilibili.com
1836:
1827:
1819:china-emu.cn
1818:
1809:
1798:. Retrieved
1794:
1785:
1774:. Retrieved
1772:. 2020-08-04
1767:
1758:
1747:. Retrieved
1744:www.sohu.com
1743:
1734:
1723:. Retrieved
1721:(in Chinese)
1718:
1709:
1698:. Retrieved
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1586:. Retrieved
1572:
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1478:
1467:
1233:(Ukraine) —
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1223:
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1081:(Ukraine) —
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885:Budd Company
876:
813:
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578:
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562:
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482:A four-axle
449:
438:
390:
381:
364:
355:
346:
343:booster unit
342:
314:
312:
237:
219:
210:
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138:
131:
124:
117:
105:
93:Please help
88:verification
85:
61:
54:
48:
47:Please help
44:
1815:"CR200JS-G"
1623:Catch Point
1523:CRRC Dalian
1380:Class E.324
1376:Class E.322
1354:frames for
1318:locomotive.
1314:Australian
1209:(Russia) —
1183:(Russia) —
1106:(Russia) —
853:(by ATSF),
717:EMD F-units
672:EMD E units
427:Conversions
305:industrial
295: [
265:hood-styled
205:introducing
1901:Categories
1800:2021-03-28
1776:2021-03-28
1749:2021-03-28
1725:2021-03-28
1700:2021-03-28
1588:2021-02-23
1563:2021-02-23
1539:References
1384:pantograph
835:Hood units
745:Hood units
667:DR-6-4-20B
663:DR-6-4-15B
655:DR-4-4-15B
550:, in 1993.
484:EMD GP38-2
374:controls.
323:locomotive
188:references
121:newspapers
50:improve it
1719:xw.qq.com
1611:GP35/GP9B
1527:CR200JS-G
1469:NMBS/SNCB
1350:built on
1316:XRB class
1306:Australia
1028:ALCO PA-1
1018:Rebuilds:
878:Power car
869:B36-7 (B)
857:(by ATSF)
849:(by BN),
845:(by BN),
841:(by BN),
822:Cab units
814:Rebuilds:
444:GE BQ23-7
397:hood unit
213:July 2015
151:June 2021
56:talk page
1861:13 April
1855:sohu.com
1605:Archived
1582:Archived
1557:Archived
1344:CM40-8ML
1299:dump car
871:(by SSW)
828:(by MKT)
794:CPB-16-5
790:CPB-16-4
786:CFB-20-4
782:CFB-16-4
747:–
572:cow-calf
542:4010, a
417:Santa Fe
415:and the
393:cab unit
361:Controls
290:Russian
110:"B–unit"
1473:Belgium
1464:Belgium
1358:in 1994
1339:in 1994
1337:Whyalla
1145:3TE116U
1099:3TE116U
979:Baldwin
916:EMD SW7
899:M-10002
855:SD45-2B
847:SD40-2B
839:GP38-2B
647:AS-616B
643:Baldwin
371:hostler
347:cabless
335:coupled
321:, is a
277:3TE10MK
201:improve
135:scholar
18:Cabless
1882:
1407:Sweden
1169:3TE25K
1157:4TE130
1095:4TE130
826:F9AM B
807:B30-7A
778:B Erie
659:RF-16B
606:DL-110
602:DL-108
544:B30-7A
529:EMD F7
514:snails
490:A-unit
488:SD40-2
456:EMD E8
367:EMD FT
339:A unit
315:B unit
190:, but
137:
130:
123:
116:
108:
1689:黄河流.
1484:China
1370:Italy
1348:C40-8
1239:OPE1B
1235:OPE1A
1219:3ES10
1193:3ES5S
1189:3ES4K
1133:3M62U
1112:3TE28
1091:3M62U
1087:3TE10
1067:slugs
974:SSB-9
865:U30CB
851:SD45B
843:SD40B
769:SD24B
765:GP60B
761:GP30B
638:M420B
634:C855B
622:FPB-4
618:FPB-2
510:slugs
464:GP7Bs
421:GP60B
317:, in
303:]
292:OPE1A
261:GP60B
142:JSTOR
128:books
1880:ISBN
1863:2022
1795:ECNS
1496:HXD1
1378:and
1352:C636
1243:PE3T
1215:3ES8
1211:3ES6
1199:VL80
1083:3TE3
1002:ALCO
970:ALCO
965:TR12
901:and
757:GP9B
753:GP7B
749:DD35
630:PB-2
626:PB-1
614:FB-2
610:FB-1
590:ALCO
512:and
345:and
258:BNSF
114:news
1456:Dm3
1413:Dm3
1356:BHP
1331:by
1052:BAM
1024:W-1
983:S-8
961:TR9
957:TR6
953:TR5
949:TR4
945:TR3
941:TR2
937:TR1
929:EMD
832:EMD
819:EMD
742:EMD
737:F9B
733:F7B
729:F3B
725:F2B
721:FTB
712:E9B
708:E8B
704:E7B
700:E6B
696:E5B
692:E4B
688:E3B
684:E2B
680:E1B
594:MLW
441:CSX
331:cab
97:by
1903::
1853:.
1835:.
1817:.
1793:.
1766:.
1742:.
1717:.
1693:.
1580:.
1555:.
1517::
1491::
1386:).
1361:3
1342:3
1335:,
1323:4
1241:,
1237:,
1217:,
1213:,
1191:,
1187:,
1110:,
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1085:,
1008:-
981:—
972:—
963:,
959:,
955:,
951:,
947:,
943:,
939:,
935:,
933:TR
931:—
863:—
837:—
824:—
805:,
801:—
792:,
788:,
784:,
780:,
776:—
767:,
763:,
759:,
755:,
751:,
735:,
731:,
727:,
723:,
719:—
710:,
706:,
702:,
698:,
694:,
690:,
686:,
682:,
678:,
676:EB
674:—
665:,
661:,
657:,
653:,
649:,
645:—
636:,
632:,
628:,
624:,
620:,
616:,
612:,
608:,
604:,
600:,
596:—
558:A
411:,
407:,
313:A
301:uk
299:;
297:ru
59:.
1886:.
1865:.
1839:.
1803:.
1779:.
1752:.
1728:.
1703:.
1591:.
1566:.
1534:.
1114:.
1004:/
592:/
244:)
238:(
226:)
220:(
215:)
211:(
197:.
164:)
158:(
153:)
149:(
139:·
132:·
125:·
118:·
91:.
66:)
62:(
20:)
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