255:
50:
334:
478:, yet note that 'cadastral surveying has been carried out within a tight framework of legislation'. With the view of assessing transaction costs, a European project: Modelling real property transactions (2001–2005) charted procedures for the transfer of ownership and other rights in land and buildings. Cadastral documentation is described, e.g. for Finland as follows '8. Surveyor draws up cadastral map and cadastral documents … 10. Surveyor sends cadastral documents to cadastral authority.' In Australia, similar activities are referred to as 'lodgement of plans of subdivision at land titles offices'
263:
661:
1410:
512:
361:
31:
151:
640:, each approximately one-mile square. Unlike in Europe, this cadastral survey largely preceded settlement and as a result greatly influenced settlement patterns. Properties are generally rectangular, boundary lines often run on cardinal bearings, and parcel dimensions are often in fractions or multiples of
433:
and ownership of land parcels. Some cadastral maps show additional details, such as survey district names, unique identifying numbers for parcels, certificate of title numbers, positions of existing structures, section or lot numbers and their respective areas, adjoining and adjacent street names,
328:
boundaries. It involves the physical delineation of property boundaries and determination of dimensions, areas and certain rights associated with properties. This is regardless of whether they are on land, water or defined by natural or artificial features. It is an important component of the legal
469:
The concept of cadastral documentation emerged late in the
English language, as the institution of cadastre developed outside English-speaking countries. In a Danish textbook, one out of fifteen chapters regards the form and content of documents concerning subdivision and other land matters. Early
710:
describes the location and spatial extent of rights, restrictions and responsibilities in the marine environment". Marine cadastres apply the same governance principles to the water. They help further conservation and sustainability efforts. This is especially a concern in Europe's large aquatic
460:
Cadastral documentation comprises the documentary materials submitted to cadastre or land administration offices for renewal of cadastral recordings. Cadastral documentation is kept in paper and/or electronic form. Jurisdiction statutes and further provisions specify the content and form of the
230:
A Cadastre is normally a parcel-based, and up-to-date land information system containing a record of interests in land (e.g. rights, restrictions and responsibilities). It usually includes a geometric description of land parcels linked to other records describing the nature of the interests, the
287:
had given to the soldiers of Legion II Gallica, but which for some years had been occupied by private individuals, ordered a survey map to be set up with a record on each 'century' of the annual rental". In this way
Vespasian was able to reimpose taxation formerly uncollected on these lands.
291:
With the fall of Rome, the use of cadastral maps effectively discontinued. Medieval practice used written descriptions of the extent of land rather than using more precise surveys. Only in the sixteenth and early seventeenth centuries did the use of cadastral maps resume, beginning in the
133:(LIS) used to assess and manage land and built infrastructure. Such systems are also employed on a variety of other tasks, for example, to track long-term changes over time for geological or ecological studies, where land tenure is a significant part of the scenario.
300:
Europe, the need for cadastral maps reemerged as a tool to determine and express control of land as a means of production. This took place first privately in land disputes and later spread to governmental practice as a means of more precise tax assessment.
636:. Some much earlier surveys in Ohio created 25 square mile townships when the design of the system was being explored. Later, the design became square land areas of approximately 36 square miles (six miles by six miles). These townships are divided into
1164:
Vitikainen, A. (2007) Transaction costs concerning real property - The case of
Finland. Pp 101 - 118 in Zevenbergen, J., Frank, A., Stubkjær, E. (Eds) Real property transactions: procedures, transaction costs and models. Amsterdam, IOS Press. Page
278:
to recover state owned lands that had been appropriated by private individuals, and thereby recover income from such holdings. One such cadastre was done in AD 77 in
Campania, a surviving stone marker of the survey reads "The Emperor
254:
465:
and legal advisors. The office concerned reviews the submitted information; if the documentation does not comply with stated provisions, the office may set a deadline for the applicant to submit complete documentation.
444:, argues that all maps, but particularly cadastral maps, are designed to make local situations legible to an outsider, and in doing so, enable states to collect data on their subjects. He sees the origins of this in
84:
In most countries, legal systems have developed around the original administrative systems and use the cadastre to define the dimensions and location of land parcels described in legal documentation. A
1100:
Shala, X., Meha, M. and Ahmedi, S. (2015) Case Study of the
Reforms on Laws for the Cadaster in the Republic of Kosovo. FIG Working Week 2015, Sofia, Bulgaria, 17-21 May 2015; retrieved 2016-08-04
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creation of properties. A cadastral surveyor must apply both the spatial-measurement principles of general surveying and legal principles such as respect of neighboring titles.
486:
Cadastre management has been used by the software industry since at least 2005. It mainly refers to the use of technology for management of cadastre and land information in
624:
is a similar cadastral survey conducted in
Western Canada, begun in 1871 after the creation of the Dominion of Canada in 1867. Both cadastral surveys are made relative to
1125:
Pedersen, V. E. (1951) Matrikelvæsen. København, Den kgl. Veterinær- og
Landbohøjskole (Cadastral Service. Copenhagen. Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University)
1551:
49:
1972:
703:
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1430:
1581:
147:
By clearly assigning property rights and demarcating land, cadasters have been attributed with strengthening state fiscal capacity and economic growth.
1371:
2703:
1544:
219:
of individual parcels of land. Cadastres are used by many nations around the world, some in conjunction with other records, such as a title register.
1290:
258:
A cadastre text written in
Akkadian on a terracotta tablet; from the 18th century BC in Sippar, Iraq, and held by the Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul
711:
market. In
Australia, they are used by many parties to plan around legal, technical, and institutional considerations. A related concept is that of
983:
FIG (1995) "The FIG Statement on the
Cadastre", FIG Policy Statement, The International Federation of Surveyors (FIG), FIG PUBLICATION No 11, 1995,
1099:
2609:
637:
1111:
Roşu D. C., Ciolac Valeria, Colţan O. N. (2016) Some aspects of cadastral documentation necessary registration agricultural land in land book
461:
documentation, as well as the person(s) authorized to prepare and sign the documentation, including concerned parties (owner, etc.), licensed
1467:
223:
2823:
1861:
817:
106:
in the US), charts, and maps. They were originally used to ensure reliable facts for land valuation and taxation. An example from early
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is defined as "a continuous area, or more appropriately volume, that is identified by a unique set of homogeneous property rights".
2778:
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2001:
1996:
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Investigation of data models and related requirements affecting the implementation of a multipurpose cadastre system in Malaysia
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became more complex. Cadastral maps, he argues, are always a great simplification, but they in themselves help change reality.
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2018:
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1989:
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1139:
Land Information Management. - An introduction with special reference to cadastral problems in Third World countries,
728:
609:. Such surveys often require detailed investigation of the history of land use, legal accounts, and other documents.
522:
371:
1110:
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2813:
2324:
1912:
1316:"Toward a 3D marine cadastre in support of good ocean governance: a review of the technical framework requirements"
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845:"Cadastral Template - Field Data C4" (lists nations), CadastralTemplate.org, January 2008, webpage:
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283:, in the eighth year of his tribunician power, so as to restore the state lands which the Emperor
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ownership or control of those interests, and often the value of the parcel and its improvements.
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1964:
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498:, rather than to general management issues of cadastral and other land information agencies.
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proposed that a cadastre be implemented in light of his experiences as on secondment to the
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27:
Comprehensive register of the real estate or real property's metes-and-bounds of a country
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2008:
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is a cadastral survey of the United States originating in legislation from 1785, after
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275:
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215:, the precise location, the dimensions (and area), the cultivations if rural, and the
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Seeing Like a State: How certain schemes to improve the human condition have failed
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Used by ten or more countries or having derived terms. Historical derivations in
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established a comprehensive cadastral system for France that is regarded as the
66:
30:
1314:
Ng'ang'a, Sam; Sutherland, Michael; Cockburn, Sara; Nichols, Sue (2004-09-01).
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of land ownership, by the production of documents, diagrams, sketches, plans (
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Binns, Andrew; Rajabifard, Abbas; Collier, Phil A.; Williamson, Ian (2003).
1010:
The Cadastral Map in the Service of the State: A History of Property Mapping
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and cadastre are both types of land recording and complement each other.
115:
1210:
Streamline Cadastral Data Management, Thomson Reuters, Aumentum Cadastre
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1393:
Report on the outcomes of the UNB-FIG Meeting on Marine Cadastre Issues
137:
107:
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in Western North America are principally based on these land surveys.
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textbooks of international scope focused on recordings in terms of
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This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
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261:
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29:
1373:
Issues in Defining the Concept of a Marine Cadastre for Australia
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350:
102:
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2534:
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921:"Cadasters and Economic Growth: A Long-Run Cross-Country Panel"
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505:
449:
426:
354:
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that specialises in the establishment and re-establishment of
1359:. 18th Annual World Bank Conference on Land and Poverty 2017.
1194:"GIS for Cadastre Management, ESRI® GIS Technology in Europe"
1151:
199:
187:
136:
The cadastre is a fundamental source of data in disputes and
1506:
961:. Dictionary.com and Oxford University Press. Archived from
870:
Basic Principles of the Main Cadastral Systems in the World,
691:
Extensions of the conventional cadastre concept include the
919:
D’Arcy, Michelle; Nistotskaya, Marina; Olsson, Ola (2024).
434:
selected boundary dimensions and references to prior maps.
1512:
856:: also has term "cadastral survey" and other land records.
632:. These cadastral surveys divided the surveyed areas into
125:
Cadastral survey information is often a base element in
672:
77:
of a country. Often it is represented graphically in a
1498:, representing National Mapping and Cadastral Agencies
1268:(MSc(R) thesis). University of Glasgow. pp. 15–19
1087:"ČÚZK - Registration into the Cadastre of Real Estate"
1062:(Yale University Press, 1999). ISBN 978-0-300-07815-2.
1502:
Permanent Committee on Cadastre in the European Union
1449:
Procedures and Standards for a Multipurpose Cadastre
1227:
International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences
3168:
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2017:
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1705:
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1643:
1607:
1113:
Journal of Horticulture, Forestry and Biotechnology
1291:"Marine Cadastre: A support to the Blue Economy?"
1492:, linking to descriptions of national cadastres
1152:"COST G9: Modelling Real Property Transactions"
1008:Roger J. P. Kain and Elizabeth Baigent (1992).
274:Some of the earliest cadastres were ordered by
204:)—literally, "(organised) line by line".
1552:
1298:United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
864:
862:
8:
1434:(11th ed.). Cambridge University Press.
1137:Dale. P. F. & McLaughlin, J. D. (1988)
207:A cadastre commonly includes details of the
3330:List of administrative divisions by country
695:, considering the vertical domain; and the
540:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
389:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
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1604:
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53:A modern cadastral map for Eastern England
1457:
1378:UNB-FIG Meeting on Marine Cadastre Issues
1238:
560:Learn how and when to remove this message
409:Learn how and when to remove this message
337:BLM cadastral survey marker from 1992 in
1356:Marine Cadastre in Europe: state of play
1320:Computers, Environment and Urban Systems
1133:
1131:
1073:"Slovak Geoportal, retrieved 2016-08-02"
841:
839:
1353:Balla, Evangelia; Wouters, Rik (2017).
1223:"Analysis of literature on 3D cadastre"
835:
1003:
1001:
999:
886:Dale, Peter; McLaughlin, John (2000).
881:
879:
1309:
1307:
1284:
1282:
224:International Federation of Surveyors
7:
818:Land registry of Bertier de Sauvigny
538:adding citations to reliable sources
502:Cadastres in different jurisdictions
387:adding citations to reliable sources
65:is a comprehensive recording of the
34:Cadastral map from 1827 in Austria (
1332:10.1016/j.compenvurbsys.2003.11.002
292:Netherlands. With the emergence of
1446:National Research Council (1983).
1012:. The University of Chicago Press.
896:10.1093/oso/9780198233909.001.0001
250:Topographic mapping § History
25:
704:UN Economic Commission for Europe
320:is the sub-field of cadastre and
158:, Tirol, Brixner Kreis Nr 1, 1858
2347:Organized incorporated territory
1452:. The National Academies Press.
1408:
744:Cadastral divisions of Australia
659:
510:
359:
310:This section is an excerpt from
266:Cadastre survey marker from the
3335:Slavic administrative divisions
1141:Oxford University Press (p. 28)
699:, considering non-parcel data.
605:(BLM) maintains records of all
96:Cadastral surveys document the
2884:Non-English terms or loanwords
2088:Direct-controlled municipality
1262:Sim, Ching Yen (31 Oct 2012).
601:, cadastral survey within the
488:geographic information systems
127:Geographic Information Systems
1:
2213:Special administrative region
762:Geographic information system
226:defines cadastre as follows:
2113:Mountain resort municipality
1990:Intermediate school district
1973:Educational service district
1829:Regional county municipality
925:Journal of Political Economy
715:spatial data infrastructures
492:spatial data infrastructures
192:), a list or register, from
2444:Autonomous territorial unit
1391:Michael Sutherland (2003).
1221:Döner, Fatih (2021-07-01).
890:. Oxford University Press.
3387:
2325:National capital territory
2046:Indian reserve/reservation
1913:Indian government district
1567:Designations for types of
1490:Cadastral Template Project
955:"Lexico powered by Oxford"
620:of the United States. The
614:Public Lands Survey System
348:
309:
246:Cartography § History
239:
200:
188:
3315:Autonomous administration
3302:
2889:
2878:
2541:
2530:
2320:Federal capital territory
1933:Non-metropolitan district
1923:Local government district
1603:
1592:
1588:
1575:
1507:http://www.icisociety.ca/
1322:. Cadastral Systems III.
1176:"Australia - CSDILA icon"
618:international recognition
603:Bureau of Land Management
474:and technical aspects of
163:Etymology and definition
122:of most modern versions.
2125:Specialized municipality
1802:Consolidated city-county
1511:Surveyor General Branch
729:Assessor's parcel number
242:Surveying § History
177:through French from the
131:Land Information Systems
36:Franziszeischer Kataster
2487:Military exclusion zone
2465:Exclusive economic zone
2230:National capital region
1822:Non-metropolitan county
1569:administrative division
1513:http://sgb.nrcan.gc.ca/
1431:Encyclopædia Britannica
1034:Land.Vic (2020-12-18).
2504:Self-administered zone
2342:Incorporated territory
2209:Administrative region
1978:Local service district
1898:Congressional district
734:Boundary (real estate)
341:
271:
259:
233:
159:
54:
46:
2475:Special economic zone
2159:Praetorian prefecture
2143:Autonomous prefecture
2103:Regional municipality
2093:District municipality
1928:Metropolitan district
1792:Administrative county
1774:Residential community
1620:Local government area
697:multipurpose cadastre
579:Colonel Robert Dawson
496:software architecture
336:
265:
257:
228:
153:
52:
33:
3066:Njësi administrative
2098:Neutral municipality
2037:Subdivision of India
1769:Autonomous community
1658:Metropolitan borough
1598:Common English terms
1240:10.26833/ijeg.703244
1023:Le_cadastre_d'Orange
965:on December 30, 2019
622:Dominion Land Survey
534:improve this section
383:improve this section
140:between landowners.
2709:Autonomous republic
2637:Enclave and exclave
2536:Other English terms
2332:Dependent territory
2178:Autonomous province
2108:Resort municipality
2083:County municipality
1870:Overseas department
1817:Metropolitan county
1630:Unincorporated area
1525:Cadastre in Romania
888:Land Administration
823:Napoleonic Cadastre
774:Land administration
739:Cadastral community
446:Early Modern Europe
442:Seeing Like a State
339:San Xavier, Arizona
318:Cadastral surveying
312:Cadastral surveying
3325:Electoral district
2642:Federal dependency
2470:Free economic zone
2354:Overseas territory
2237:Development region
2120:Rural municipality
2053:Indian reservation
1945:Municipal district
1903:Electoral district
1743:Free imperial city
1530:2017-08-13 at the
1518:2022-04-26 at the
1036:"Cadastral survey"
852:2012-07-30 at the
671:. You can help by
626:principal meridian
342:
272:
260:
160:
55:
47:
3371:Land registration
3343:
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3293:
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2522:
2521:
2440:Territorial unit
2337:Federal territory
2315:Capital territory
2220:Autonomous region
2184:Overseas province
2078:City municipality
1969:Service district
1965:Sanitary district
1955:Regional district
1940:Military district
1797:Autonomous county
1730:Incorporated city
1469:978-0-309-03343-5
803:Recorder of deeds
702:According to the
689:
688:
646:Land descriptions
570:
569:
562:
472:land registration
419:
418:
411:
154:Cadastral map of
142:Land registration
16:(Redirected from
3378:
2931:Regierungsbezirk
2891:
2880:
2543:
2532:
2494:Free speech zone
2400:Charter township
2153:Super-prefecture
1997:Special district
1908:Federal district
1888:Capital district
1852:Overseas country
1725:Independent city
1696:Imperial capital
1635:Unorganized area
1605:
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1184:
1183:
1178:. Archived from
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945:
944:
916:
910:
909:
883:
874:
866:
857:
843:
779:Land (economics)
753:(Ottoman Empire)
684:
681:
663:
656:
587:Tithe Commission
565:
558:
554:
551:
545:
514:
506:
476:cadastral survey
414:
407:
403:
400:
394:
363:
355:
203:
202:
197:
191:
190:
185:
91:cadastral parcel
75:metes-and-bounds
44:
21:
3386:
3385:
3381:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3376:
3375:
3346:
3345:
3344:
3339:
3320:Census division
3290:
3164:
2885:
2858:
2809:Imperial Circle
2767:
2537:
2518:
2512:Free-trade zone
2450:
2424:
2415:Survey township
2386:
2363:
2359:Union territory
2301:
2296:Sovereign state
2261:
2252:Overseas region
2196:
2164:
2129:
2064:
2055:(United States)
2041:
2032:Police division
2027:Census division
2013:
1985:School district
1950:Police district
1874:
1856:
1838:
1778:
1755:
1750:Royal free city
1715:Autonomous city
1701:
1690:Federal capital
1676:
1662:
1639:
1599:
1584:
1571:
1565:
1532:Wayback Machine
1520:Wayback Machine
1496:EuroGeographics
1486:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1445:
1442:
1440:Further reading
1424:, ed. (1911). "
1420:
1409:
1407:
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1395:
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1369:
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1260:
1256:
1220:
1219:
1215:
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1196:
1192:
1191:
1187:
1174:
1173:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1150:
1149:
1145:
1136:
1129:
1124:
1120:
1109:
1105:
1098:
1094:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1071:
1070:
1066:
1057:
1053:
1044:
1042:
1033:
1032:
1028:
1021:
1017:
1007:
1006:
997:
982:
978:
968:
966:
953:
952:
948:
918:
917:
913:
906:
885:
884:
877:
867:
860:
854:Wayback Machine
844:
837:
832:
827:
724:
708:Marine Cadastre
685:
679:
676:
669:needs expansion
654:
595:
583:Royal Engineers
575:
566:
555:
549:
546:
531:
515:
504:
484:
458:
429:that shows the
415:
404:
398:
395:
380:
364:
353:
347:
331:
330:
315:
307:
270:mountains, 2018
252:
238:
165:
38:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
3384:
3382:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3347:
3341:
3340:
3338:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3303:
3300:
3299:
3296:
3295:
3292:
3291:
3289:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3263:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3242:
3241:
3236:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3217:
3216:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3172:
3170:
3166:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3146:
3145:
3135:
3130:
3125:
3120:
3115:
3110:
3105:
3100:
3095:
3090:
3085:
3080:
3079:
3078:
3068:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3048:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3036:
3028:
3023:
3022:
3021:
3016:
3008:
3003:
2998:
2993:
2988:
2983:
2982:
2981:
2976:
2971:
2966:
2958:
2953:
2948:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2928:
2923:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2903:
2897:
2895:
2887:
2886:
2883:
2876:
2875:
2872:
2871:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2863:
2860:
2859:
2857:
2856:
2851:
2846:
2841:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2806:
2801:
2796:
2791:
2786:
2781:
2775:
2773:
2769:
2768:
2766:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2758:
2748:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2728:
2727:
2726:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2665:
2664:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2623:
2622:
2612:
2607:
2602:
2597:
2592:
2587:
2582:
2577:
2572:
2571:
2570:
2560:
2555:
2549:
2547:
2539:
2538:
2535:
2528:
2527:
2524:
2523:
2520:
2519:
2517:
2516:
2515:
2514:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2490:
2489:
2482:Exclusion zone
2479:
2478:
2477:
2472:
2467:
2461:Economic zone
2458:
2456:
2452:
2451:
2449:
2448:
2447:
2446:
2438:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2425:
2423:
2422:
2420:Urban township
2417:
2412:
2410:Paper township
2407:
2405:Civil township
2402:
2396:
2394:
2388:
2387:
2385:
2384:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2350:
2349:
2339:
2334:
2329:
2328:
2327:
2322:
2311:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2299:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2233:
2232:
2225:Capital region
2222:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2206:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2191:Roman province
2187:
2180:
2174:
2172:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2162:
2155:
2150:
2145:
2139:
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2127:
2122:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2105:
2100:
2095:
2090:
2085:
2080:
2074:
2072:
2066:
2065:
2063:
2062:
2059:Indian reserve
2056:
2049:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2039:
2034:
2029:
2023:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2011:
2009:Urban district
2006:
2005:
2004:
1994:
1993:
1992:
1982:
1981:
1980:
1975:
1967:
1962:
1960:Rural district
1957:
1952:
1947:
1942:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1905:
1900:
1895:
1890:
1884:
1882:
1876:
1875:
1873:
1872:
1866:
1864:
1858:
1857:
1855:
1854:
1848:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1837:
1836:
1831:
1826:
1825:
1824:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1788:
1786:
1780:
1779:
1777:
1776:
1771:
1765:
1763:
1757:
1756:
1754:
1753:
1746:
1739:
1732:
1727:
1722:
1717:
1711:
1709:
1703:
1702:
1700:
1699:
1692:
1686:
1684:
1678:
1677:
1672:
1670:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1655:
1653:County borough
1649:
1647:
1641:
1640:
1638:
1637:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1617:
1611:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1597:
1586:
1585:
1580:
1573:
1572:
1566:
1564:
1563:
1556:
1549:
1541:
1535:
1534:
1522:
1509:
1504:
1499:
1493:
1485:
1484:External links
1482:
1481:
1480:
1468:
1459:10.17226/11803
1441:
1438:
1437:
1436:
1422:Chisholm, Hugh
1402:
1401:
1383:
1362:
1345:
1326:(5): 443–470.
1303:
1289:Wouters, Rik.
1278:
1254:
1213:
1202:
1185:
1182:on 2016-08-27.
1167:
1157:
1143:
1127:
1118:
1115:20 (2) 231-233
1103:
1092:
1078:
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1026:
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995:
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933:10.1086/730551
911:
904:
875:
858:
834:
833:
831:
828:
826:
825:
820:
815:
810:
805:
800:
795:
786:
781:
776:
771:
765:
759:
757:Estate (house)
754:
746:
741:
736:
731:
725:
723:
720:
687:
686:
666:
664:
653:
650:
594:
591:
574:
573:United Kingdom
571:
568:
567:
518:
516:
509:
503:
500:
483:
480:
457:
454:
438:James C. Scott
417:
416:
367:
365:
358:
346:
343:
316:
308:
306:
303:
276:Roman Emperors
237:
234:
164:
161:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3383:
3372:
3369:
3367:
3364:
3362:
3359:
3357:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3336:
3333:
3331:
3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3310:
3309:
3307:
3301:
3287:
3284:
3282:
3279:
3277:
3274:
3272:
3269:
3267:
3264:
3262:
3259:
3257:
3254:
3252:
3249:
3247:
3244:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3229:
3227:
3224:
3222:
3219:
3215:
3212:
3211:
3209:
3207:
3204:
3202:
3199:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3167:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3144:
3141:
3140:
3139:
3136:
3134:
3131:
3129:
3126:
3124:
3121:
3119:
3116:
3114:
3111:
3109:
3106:
3104:
3101:
3099:
3096:
3094:
3091:
3089:
3086:
3084:
3081:
3077:
3074:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3059:
3057:
3054:
3052:
3049:
3047:
3044:
3042:
3039:
3035:
3032:
3031:
3029:
3027:
3024:
3020:
3017:
3015:
3012:
3011:
3010:Kommun/Kunta
3009:
3007:
3004:
3002:
2999:
2997:
2994:
2992:
2989:
2987:
2984:
2980:
2977:
2975:
2972:
2970:
2967:
2965:
2962:
2961:
2959:
2957:
2954:
2952:
2949:
2947:
2944:
2942:
2939:
2937:
2934:
2932:
2929:
2927:
2924:
2922:
2919:
2917:
2914:
2912:
2909:
2907:
2904:
2902:
2899:
2898:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2881:
2877:
2855:
2852:
2850:
2847:
2845:
2842:
2840:
2837:
2835:
2834:Roman diocese
2832:
2830:
2827:
2825:
2822:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2812:
2810:
2807:
2805:
2802:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2792:
2790:
2787:
2785:
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2770:
2764:
2761:
2757:
2754:
2753:
2752:
2749:
2747:
2744:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2734:
2732:
2729:
2725:
2722:
2721:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
2695:
2692:
2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2674:Neighbourhood
2672:
2670:
2667:
2663:
2660:
2659:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2621:
2618:
2617:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2603:
2601:
2598:
2596:
2593:
2591:
2588:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2576:
2573:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2564:
2561:
2559:
2556:
2554:
2553:Alpine resort
2551:
2550:
2548:
2544:
2540:
2533:
2529:
2513:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2488:
2485:
2484:
2483:
2480:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2468:
2466:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2457:
2453:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2436:Regional unit
2434:
2433:
2431:
2427:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2411:
2408:
2406:
2403:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2393:
2389:
2383:
2380:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2348:
2345:
2344:
2343:
2340:
2338:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2318:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2285:Federal state
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2207:
2205:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2185:
2181:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2167:
2161:
2160:
2156:
2154:
2151:
2149:
2148:Subprefecture
2146:
2144:
2141:
2140:
2138:
2136:
2132:
2126:
2123:
2121:
2118:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2101:
2099:
2096:
2094:
2091:
2089:
2086:
2084:
2081:
2079:
2076:
2075:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2060:
2057:
2054:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2028:
2025:
2024:
2022:
2020:
2016:
2010:
2007:
2003:
2000:
1999:
1998:
1995:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1986:
1983:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1966:
1963:
1961:
1958:
1956:
1953:
1951:
1948:
1946:
1943:
1941:
1938:
1934:
1931:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1924:
1921:
1919:
1918:Land district
1916:
1914:
1911:
1909:
1906:
1904:
1901:
1899:
1896:
1894:
1893:City district
1891:
1889:
1886:
1885:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1859:
1853:
1850:
1849:
1847:
1845:
1841:
1835:
1832:
1830:
1827:
1823:
1820:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1789:
1787:
1785:
1781:
1775:
1772:
1770:
1767:
1766:
1764:
1762:
1758:
1752:
1751:
1747:
1745:
1744:
1740:
1738:
1737:
1736:Imperial city
1733:
1731:
1728:
1726:
1723:
1721:
1718:
1716:
1713:
1712:
1710:
1708:
1704:
1698:
1697:
1693:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1665:
1659:
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1648:
1646:
1642:
1636:
1633:
1631:
1628:
1626:
1623:
1621:
1618:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1610:
1606:
1602:
1595:
1591:
1587:
1583:
1582:English terms
1578:
1574:
1570:
1562:
1557:
1555:
1550:
1548:
1543:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1529:
1526:
1523:
1521:
1517:
1514:
1510:
1508:
1505:
1503:
1500:
1497:
1494:
1491:
1488:
1487:
1483:
1471:
1465:
1460:
1455:
1451:
1450:
1444:
1443:
1439:
1433:
1432:
1427:
1423:
1418:
1417:public domain
1406:
1405:
1394:
1387:
1384:
1379:
1375:
1374:
1366:
1363:
1358:
1357:
1349:
1346:
1341:
1337:
1333:
1329:
1325:
1321:
1317:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1299:
1292:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1224:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1206:
1203:
1195:
1189:
1186:
1181:
1177:
1171:
1168:
1161:
1158:
1153:
1147:
1144:
1140:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1122:
1119:
1116:
1114:
1107:
1104:
1101:
1096:
1093:
1088:
1082:
1079:
1074:
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18:Cadastral map
3305:
3226:Maalaiskunta
3186:Heerlijkheid
3026:Län (Sweden)
2694:Protectorate
2689:Principality
2610:Constituency
2579:
2499:Neutral zone
2294:
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2070:Municipality
1748:
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1720:Charter city
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1625:Special area
1615:Insular area
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963:the original
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793:registration
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607:public lands
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532:Please help
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381:Please help
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3361:Real estate
3221:Landskommun
3113:Savivaldybė
2979:Switzerland
2974:South Tyrol
2854:Viceroyalty
2647:Governorate
2605:Condominium
2508:Trade zone
2382:Market town
2377:Census town
2275:Proto-state
2247:Microregion
1812:County town
1807:County seat
1674:Half-canton
969:30 December
813:Web mapping
789:Land tenure
693:3D cadastre
680:August 2024
550:August 2024
399:August 2024
298:Renaissance
268:South Tyrol
201:κατὰ στίχον
183:katástikhon
87:land parcel
67:real estate
39: [
3350:Categories
3169:Historical
3133:Shahrestān
3076:Autonomous
2824:Presidency
2772:Historical
2741:Suzerainty
2724:Autonomous
2568:Autonomous
2290:Free state
2280:City-state
2242:Mesoregion
2135:Prefecture
1862:Department
1475:2022-01-15
1272:2024-08-30
1045:2022-04-29
830:References
784:Land grant
652:Extensions
482:Management
431:boundaries
349:See also:
294:capitalism
240:See also:
189:κατάστιχον
173:came into
120:forerunner
98:boundaries
3366:Geomatics
3356:Map types
3210:Landskap
3206:Län/Lääni
3160:Vingtaine
3128:Seniūnija
3118:Selsoviet
3093:Poblacion
3030:Landskap
2960:Gemeinde
2951:Freguesia
2906:Apskritis
2829:Residency
2794:Exarchate
2736:Sultanate
2627:Eldership
2558:Bailiwick
2307:Territory
2257:Subregion
2002:in the US
1834:Viscounty
1761:Community
1398:(Report).
1340:0198-9715
1249:2548-0960
941:0022-3808
808:Surveying
634:townships
630:baselines
577:In 1836,
521:does not
463:surveyors
370:does not
322:surveying
281:Vespasian
209:ownership
167:The word
129:(GIS) or
114:in 1086.
3311:See also
3046:Maakunta
3041:Località
2986:Gemeente
2946:Frazione
2916:Barangay
2746:Townland
2684:Precinct
2669:Muftiate
2620:District
2580:Cadastre
2392:Township
2170:Province
2061:(Canada)
2019:Division
1880:District
1528:Archived
1516:Archived
1426:Cadastre
1040:Land.Vic
989:38375638
850:Archived
768:Kadaster
722:See also
638:sections
450:taxation
448:, where
285:Augustus
170:cadastre
138:lawsuits
116:Napoleon
63:cadaster
59:cadastre
3306:italics
3266:Satrapy
3251:Pargana
3176:Commote
3034:Finland
3014:Finland
3006:Kampong
2996:Hromada
2969:Germany
2964:Austria
2936:Comarca
2894:Current
2849:Tithing
2819:Monthon
2804:Hundred
2751:Village
2704:Regency
2699:Quarter
2632:Emirate
2600:Commune
2590:Circuit
2546:Current
1844:Country
1682:Capital
1645:Borough
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992:fig.net
713:marine
597:In the
581:of the
542:removed
527:sources
391:removed
376:sources
305:Surveys
236:History
175:English
110:is the
108:England
3281:Syssel
3271:Socken
3239:Greece
3214:Sweden
3201:Korale
3196:Köping
3191:Komunë
3155:Tehsil
3071:Oblast
3019:Sweden
2941:Comune
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2911:Bakhsh
2784:Barony
2779:Agency
2756:Summer
2719:Sector
2714:Riding
2679:Parish
2652:Hamlet
2595:Colony
2585:Circle
2563:Banner
2202:Region
1784:County
1668:Canton
1466:
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959:Lexico
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642:chains
248:, and
213:tenure
211:, the
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3246:Pagus
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3230:Nome
3150:Sýsla
3143:China
3123:Sitio
3108:Raion
3098:Purok
3088:Ostān
3083:Okrug
3061:Mukim
3056:Muban
3051:Megye
3001:Județ
2991:Gmina
2844:Tenth
2814:March
2789:Burgh
2731:Shire
2662:Royal
2657:Manor
2615:Duchy
2575:Block
2267:State
1396:(PDF)
1294:(PDF)
1197:(PDF)
847:CT-C4
764:(GIS)
706:, a "
440:, in
425:is a
217:value
179:Greek
156:Bozen
103:plats
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2839:Seat
2799:Hide
2763:Ward
2455:Zone
2429:Unit
2369:Town
1707:City
1608:Area
1464:ISBN
1336:ISSN
1245:ISSN
985:OCLC
971:2019
937:ISSN
900:ISBN
791:and
628:and
612:The
525:any
523:cite
494:and
374:any
372:cite
351:Plat
222:The
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