359:
or 'solar discs' on the Nors Boats must be mentioned here. … Numerous recorded examples exist of sun symbols associated with boats in
Scandinavian rock art. The Danish rock-carvings have been dated to the Early Bronze Age and the first period of the Late Bronze Age and so tie in with our dating evidence for the Caergwrle Bowl. This frequent association of sun symbols with boats favours an interpretation of the bowl as a boat model. ... The oval form of the bowl is its most boatlike feature. We know of no other Bronze Age pottery to parallel this. The closest parallel is the Broighter Boat, a gold boat model found at Broighter, Co. Derry, Ireland
390:
the late Bronze Age. This is particularly impressively illustrated by the more than one hundred golden boats from Nors, in the region of
Nordjylland (Denmark), on some of which the golden solar disc is found in the form of concentric circles. The ship from Caergwrle, Flintshire County (Wales), already discovered in 1823, also bears concentric circles below the railing, which can be interpreted as shields or solar symbols. (Translated from German)
31:
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bow and quiver on his back and holds a lyre and plectrum. This seems like an interpretation of the sun's voyage in his golden cup, known to the Greeks as early as the second half of the 7th century, adapted to the iconography of Apollo. The artists who decorated these vases therefore seem to have identified Apollo with Helios
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traveling on the sea, indicated by two dolphins. Another almost identical representation is depicted on a hydria of the Berlin
Painter, dated to ca. 480. Here the sea is indicated with fish and an octopus, as well as two dolphins jumping over waves; the tripod is winged, and laureate Apollo carries a
389:
The celestial ship, which transports or is associated with the sun, finds its earliest known representation in
Central Europe on the Nebra sky disc, before appearing sporadically in Northern Europe from around 1600 BC and then being attested in numerous examples in Northern and Central Europe until
358:
Analogies exist between the concentric circles and a large body of finds referred to in the literature as sun discs. Butler (1963) refers to "the golden sun disc, symbol of a Bronze Age cult or religion common to the
British Isles, northern Europe and wider areas as well". … the concentric circles
678:
Gold vessels in the
Eberswalde hoard bear sun and circular symbols like those on the Berlin gold hat. Some of these contain calendrical information as well. The base of a bowl is formed from ten, or counting the centre disc, eleven concentric circles topped by a band of 22 circular discs. This
574:
An early identification of Apollo with the sun appears in a specific iconographic representation known through only two examples on Attic vases. First, on a neck-amphora of the Ready
Painter dated to the third quarter of the 6th century, Apollo with a cithara is shown in a
171:
for restoration where it was originally reconstructed from wax with the decoration attached by an adhesive. Since then the bowl has been rebuilt again as the first conservation failed to be stable.
780:
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corresponds to the number of solar years (10+22=32) and together with the centre disc the number of lunar years (11+22=33) until the solar and lunar calendars are in alignment.
105:, including examples from Wales, have also been interpreted as representations of solar boats. The zig-zag 'waves' on the Caegwrle bowl further resemble decorations on some
244:
Davis, Mary; Townsend, Annette (2009). "Modelling the
Caergwrle Bowl: ancient, historic and modern methods". In Ambers, J.; Higgitt, C.; Harrison, L.; Saunders, D. (eds.).
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synchronic analysis of Greek passages dealing with the journey of Helios reveals that the poetic image of the golden 'cup, vessel' hints at the solar boat.
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the 'Sun's vessel' is often depicted as a gold bowl, cup or cauldron that sails or flies across the sea. Both Early Bronze Age
61:, north east Wales. It is thought to represent a boat, with its applied gold decoration signifying oars and waves, and either
185:
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from
Britain and Ireland have been connected archaeologically and culturally to similar artefacts from Greece.
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Bronze Age
Feasting Equipment: A contextual discussion of the Salle and East Anglian cauldrons and flesh-hooks
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Miniature golden boats bearing sun symbols were found in Thy , Denmark, and can be dated to c. 1700-1100 BC
164:
710:
538:"Early Identifications of Apollo with the Physical Sun in Ancient Greece Tradition and Interpretation"
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Meller, Harald (2021). "The Nebra Sky Disc – astronomy and time determination as a source of power".
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also bear circular solar symbols. The symbols on the Eberswalde bowls are thought to represent
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Holding it all together; ancient and modern approaches to joining, repair and consolidation
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from Germany, which is thought to depict a solar boat, possibly in the form of a bowl. The
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711:"Zahlensymbolik und digitales Rechnersystem in der Ornamentik des Berliner Goldhutes"
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The incomplete bowl was found in 1823 by a workman digging a drain in a field below
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Time is power. Who makes time?: 13th Archaeological Conference of Central Germany
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519:"Hēraklēs sails across the sea in the golden cup-boat of the sun-god Helios"
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594:"Antimachus's Enigma: On Erytheia, the Latvian Sun-goddess and a Red Fish"
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which are thought to represent a lunisolar calendar based on the 19-year
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452:"'Here comes the sun....: solar symbolism in Early Bronze Age Ireland'"
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in Denmark, which also bear circular solar symbols, and with the later
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Depictions of oculi on boats are also known from ancient Greece. In
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from Ireland. The Caergwrle bowl has been compared to the earlier
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283:"The Nebra Sky Disc: decoding a prehistoric vision of the cosmos"
53:, originally manufactured from shale, tin and gold, and found in
620:"Bronze Age Class A Cauldrons: Typology, Origins and Chronology"
667:"Life and Belief During the Bronze Age" Neues Museum, Berlin"
81:. Similarities have been noted with contemporary miniature
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or circular shields. At both ends of the boat is a pair of
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The Journal of the Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
338:"The Caergwrle Bowl—A possible prehistoric boat model"
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The World of the Nebra Sky Disc: The Caergwrle Ship
342:The International Journal of Nautical Archaeology
377:. Landesmuseum für Vorgeschichte Halle (Saale).
77:The Caergwrle Bowl may represent a mythological
318:The World of the Nebra Sky Disc: The Nors Boats
432:The World of the Nebra Sky Disc: The Mold Cape
655:. Red Dagger Press, Cambridge. pp. 1–17.
497:. Oxford University Press. pp. 208–209.
408:. Oxford University Press. pp. 208–209.
8:
781:Collection of Amgueddfa Cymru – Museum Wales
692:"Golden Ceremonial Hat ("Berlin Gold Hat")"
250:. Archetype Publications. pp. 177–183.
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336:Denford, G.T.; Farrell, A.W. (1980).
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715:Acta Praehistorica et Archaeologica
143:. Similar symbols are found on the
354:10.1111/j.1095-9270.1980.tb01296.x
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42:is a unique object dating to the
741:Re-conserving the Caergwrle Bowl
598:Journal of Indo-European Studies
437:Halle State Museum of Prehistory
323:Halle State Museum of Prehistory
293:from the original on 8 June 2023
269:Halle State Museum of Prehistory
474:"Early Bronze Age gold lunula"
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771:Bronze Age cultures of Europe
754:Retrieved on 17 February 2010
494:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
405:Indo-European Poetry and Myth
47:
649:Barrowclough, David (2014).
450:Cahill, Mary (Spring 2015).
797:
709:Menghin, Wilfried (2008).
186:Hochdorf Chieftain's Grave
101:from the Early Bronze Age
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727:10.11588/apa.2008.0.71505
554:10.1163/1568525X-BJA10004
167:in 1912, and sent to the
155:Discovery and restoration
618:Gerloff, Sabine (1986).
592:Massetti, Laura (2019).
536:Bilic, Tomislav (2021).
163:. It was donated to the
135:in Germany and from the
73:Construction and history
429:Meller, Harald (2022).
315:Meller, Harald (2022).
261:Meller, Harald (2022).
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478:National Museum Wales
228:National Museum Wales
210:National Museum Wales
165:National Museum Wales
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752:Museum Wales Website
131:Gold bowls from the
124:and Late Bronze Age
114:Ancient Greek poetry
83:gold boats from Nors
696:Neues Museum Berlin
491:West, M.L. (2007).
456:Archaeology Ireland
402:West, M.L. (2007).
141:lunisolar calendars
103:Bell Beaker culture
95:gold cape from Mold
87:Broighter gold boat
26:Atlantic Bronze Age
746:2012-03-06 at the
181:Battersea Cauldron
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34:The Caergwrle Bowl
22:Bronze Age Britain
384:978-3-948618-22-3
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107:Bell Beaker bowls
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604:: 223–240.
523:Harvard.edu
462:(1): 26–33.
287:thepast.com
69:or 'eyes'.
765:Categories
630:: 84–115.
192:References
79:solar boat
59:Flintshire
16:See also:
562:225223550
542:Mnemosyne
126:cauldrons
122:gold cups
63:sun discs
55:Caergwrle
744:Archived
672:13 March
636:25508908
291:Archived
289:. 2022.
175:See also
570:4114246
525:. 2019.
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577:tripod
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24:, and
632:JSTOR
558:S2CID
67:oculi
674:2022
566:SSRN
499:ISBN
410:ISBN
379:ISBN
299:2023
116:and
38:The
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628:116
550:doi
350:doi
118:art
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
