635:
1836:
542:
154:
712:
1062:(Kawisiktum, Kaunukalkiktum (″Living at kaunukvela People), Iviatim (″Cahuilla language speaking People″), Telakiktum, Mumkwitcem (″Always sick People″), Palpunivikiktum (″People living at water, circling territory″), Tamolanitcem, Tamulanitcum (″Knees bent Together People″), Tevivakiktum (″Round Basket People″), Tuikikiktum (″People at Tuikiktumhemki village″, subordinate the Kauwicpameauitcem) clans, late 19th century although Wantcinakik Tamianawitcem territory, through Chief
186:
875:
419:
1876:
196:
43:
1097:- ″among the palms″) and Mumletcem (″Mixed Up People″), Masuwitcem (″Long Hairs in the Nose People″), Wiitem (″Grasshoppers People″), Wantcauem (″Touched By the River People″), Autaatem (″High Up People″), Awilem (″Dogs People″), Watcinakiktum, Wantcinakiktum clans (later known as Isilsiveyyaiutcem, subordinate Awilem clan), and late 1870s Sauicpakiktum, Sawish-pakiktem (
929:
People", at Palm
Springs area), Painakic, Panic, Paniktum (″People of Daylight″, of Andreas and Murray Canyons), Atcitcem, Ahchechem (″People of Good″, of Lower Palm Canyon, later at Indian Wells), Wanikik, Wainikik (″Running Water People″, Snowcreek and Whitewater Canyon, now most part of Morongo
577:
of 1847. (Historians disagree on the exact number of deaths; Luiseno oral tradition holds that more than 100 warriors were killed.) In the treaty ending the war with Mexico, the US promised to honor
Mexican land grants and policies. These included recognition of Native American rights to inhabit
1030:(original dominated by the Costakiktum, Costai-kiktem and Natcutakiktum, together with Pauatiauitcem, Pauata-kiktum, Tepamokiktum, and Temewhanic (″Northerners″), later Guanche-pakiktem and some Sauicpakiktum, Sawish-pakiktem (from Rockhouse Canyon) clans, headquarters at
808:
during the
Spanish-Mexican-1850s California period (now the city of Rancho Mirage). The number of these tribes' descendants is unknown. The Montoya family, who claim partial Cahuilla descent, are influential in local economics and city politics.
623:
When the
California Senate refused to ratify an 1852 treaty granting the Cahuilla control of their land, some tribal leaders resorted to attacks on approaching settlers and soldiers. Juan Antonio did not participate in this as long as he lived.
789:(El Centro), Blythe, Riverside, San Bernardino, Victorville, Palmdale, San Diego, Orange County (Santa Ana), Pomona, and Los Angeles. This is a result of Cahuilla migration to farming and factory jobs in the second half of the 20th century.
1007:
918:
485:. Living far inland, the Cahuilla had little contact with Spanish soldiers, priests, or missionaries. Many European settlers and tradespeople viewed the desert as of little or no value and to be avoided. The Cahuilla learned of Spanish
650:. People who have grown up in the tribe's ways and identify culturally with the Cahuilla may qualify for official tribal membership by the tribe's internal rules. Each federally recognized tribe sets its own rules for membership.
949:
1088:
People″), Palpunivikiktum, Tamolanitcem, Tamulanitcum and later
Sawalakiktum, Wakaikiktum (″Night Heron People″, which in turn became Panakauissiktum), and Sewahilem (″Mesquite that is not sweet People″) clans
2230:
708:
both extend partially onto reservation land. The reservation has a land area of 127.083 km (49.067 sq mi), with a resident population of 954, the majority of Native
American heritage.
589:, a group of bandits that had been looting the San Bernardino Valley. After the outcome of the Irving Gang incident, in late 1851, Juan Antonio, his warriors and their families, moved eastward from
997:
739:
1864:
800:, Cathedral City and La Quinta). This was before land developers and US Armed Forces purchased what was tribal land from the Montoya family—part of the "Desert Cahuilla" in present-day
738:
in Indio (their one-square-mile reservation now "Sonora-Lupine Lanes" in Old Town Indio); the
Cabazon Reservations in Indio, Coachella, and Mecca (separate from Cabazon band); the
374:
family. A 1990 census revealed 35 speakers in an ethnic population of 800. It is critically endangered, since most speakers are middle-aged or older. In their language, their
812:
The ethnic composition of the
Cahuilla descendants is like that of many other Americans: mixed with European (especially Anglo/Irish-American and Spanish), African American,
627:
To encourage the railroad, the U.S. government subdivided the lands into one-mile-square sections, giving the
Indians every other section. In 1877 the government established
1010:(first Wiwaiistam (″Coyote People″, from Coyote Canyon) (and Sauicpakiktum, Sawish-pakiktem lineage — later Isilsiveyyaiutcem clan although, and Cupeño, headquarters at
743:
605:
634:
1857:
785:
The Torres-Martinez tribe has offices throughout
Southern California, offering TANF (Temporary Assistance for Needy Families) benefits for members. They are in
1373:
once home to several Mountain Cahuilla clans (Costakiktum, Natcutakiktum, Pauatiauitcem, Pauata-kiktum, Tepamokiktum, and Temewhanic) under the leadership of
1217:
1842:
962:(Kilyinakiktum and Wanikik, Wainikik clans and the mixed Cahuilla-Serrano clan Marongam (in Serrano: Morongo), Serrano, and Cupeño peoples, headquarters at
952:(Wanikik, Wainikik and Kawasic, Kauisik, Kauisiktum clan, and Serrano, tribal members also include Cupeño, Luiseño, and Chemehuevi Indians, headquarters at
700:. The Morongo Casino is one of the largest Indian casinos in the United States. The Morongo Indian Reservation is in northern Riverside County. The city of
642:
The Cahuilla have intermarried with non-Cahuilla for the past century. A high proportion of today's Cahuilla tribal members have mixed ancestry, especially
666:
is an important player in the local economy, operating an array of business enterprises, including land leasing, hotel and casino operations, and banking.
1672:
2235:
1850:
1630:
330:. Their original territory encompassed about 2,400 square miles (6,200 km). The traditional Cahuilla territory was near the geographic center of
1526:
1716:
1554:
1255:
620:
attempted to bring Juan Antonio into his revolt. Juan Antonio, friendly to the Americans, was instrumental in capturing Garra, ending that revolt.
1077:
1017:
763:
438:, it dried up sometime before 1700, after one of the repeated shifts in the river's course. In 1905 a break in a levee created the much smaller
1098:
670:
663:
856:
323:
1090:
541:
2225:
1027:
836:
751:
792:
Extinct Cahuilla tribes (known as the Las Palmas band of Cahuilla-part of "Western Cahuilla") in the early 20th century resided in the
1789:
1750:
1049:
723:
716:
1743:
1645:
1603:
1499:
986:
126:
1144:
1880:
967:
578:
certain lands, but European-American encroachment on Indian lands became an increasing problem after the US annexed California.
1683:
1179:
1059:
735:
693:
689:
1439:
963:
911:
779:
64:
1405:
Desert Cahuilla Chief Cabazon (a Spanish nickname which means "stubborn" or "big-headed") also joined in alliance with the
832:. Some Cahuilla families continue to intermarry with local populations; others try to marry within Native American tribes.
673:
occupies 126.706 km (48.921 sq mi) in the Palm Springs area, including parts of the cities of Palm Springs,
1169:
971:
1951:
868:
864:
759:
107:
860:
581:
During the 1850s, the Cahuilla came under increasing pressure from waves of European-American migrants because of the
339:
79:
497:. The Cahuilla provided security against the raids of the tribes from the desert and mountains on its herds for the
1011:
797:
682:
674:
1799:
53:
855:
Pass" or "Western" groups. Today, there are nine Southern California reservations that are acknowledged homes to
747:
678:
60:
31:
1228:
550:
86:
2240:
931:
899:
817:
801:
775:
659:
335:
2149:
1540:
1378:
1374:
1123:
903:
793:
558:
525:
509:
490:
153:
1779:
1347:
1156:
355:
93:
1428:
1394:
1249:
1720:
1150:
1063:
1053:
990:
959:
882:
767:
755:
727:
502:
470:
450:
403:
351:
597:
and settled in a valley that branched off to the northeast from San Timoteo Canyon, at a village named
1330:
711:
1382:
582:
478:
75:
1185:
1106:
953:
840:
705:
701:
697:
617:
513:
343:
331:
1174:
628:
586:
1491:
631:
boundaries, which left the Cahuilla with only a small portion of their traditional territories.
1452:
2220:
1761:
1746:
1739:
1703:
1695:
1687:
1659:
1651:
1641:
1617:
1609:
1599:
1513:
1505:
1495:
1067:
1066:
the Kauwicpameauitcem (″Caught By the Rock People″) clan dominated this area, headquarters at
1031:
935:
852:
594:
574:
562:
517:
486:
367:
294:
256:
1824:
1417:
1931:
1712:
1668:
1626:
1522:
1337:
places and their Native American associations :a review of published and unpublished sources
1196:
1021:
1001:
907:
874:
647:
427:
326:
people of the various tribes of the Cahuilla Nation, living in the inland areas of southern
260:
218:
214:
159:
1385:
to replace the New Mexicans as guardians of their herds against enemy Mojave Indians (1846)
2065:
1334:, Sylvia Brakke Vane, and Jackson Young: The Cahuilla and the Santa Rosa Mountain region:
1259:
1138:
821:
786:
774:
in Spanish-Mexican-1850s California times), Coachella, Thermal, Mecca, and Oasis; and the
482:
347:
239:
1440:
Larea Lewis: The Desert Cahuilla: A Study of Cultural Landscapes and Historic Settlements
461:; and roofing thatch for dwellings. They lived in smaller groups than some other tribes.
604:
In addition to the influx of Anglo-American miners, ranchers and outlaws, and groups of
2144:
2111:
1936:
1484:
851:
Anthropologists have historically divided the Cahuilla into "Mountain," "Desert," and "
813:
643:
566:
435:
235:
418:
100:
2214:
2164:
2116:
2044:
1328:
1042:
431:
264:
190:
185:
1418:
Richard Lando & : Ruby E. Modesto: Temal Wakhish: A Desert Cahuilla Village
2038:
1915:
1583:
878:
446:
1825:
Frazer, Robert W. (ed.) (1976). "Lovell's Report on the Cahuilla Indians: 1854."
1350:
named after the nearby Whitewater River is known to the local Cahuilla people as
2194:
2184:
2049:
1962:
1941:
1901:
1406:
1153:(Los Coyotes, 1920–2011), language preservationist and former tribal chairperson
1129:
569:, in which the Luiseno had killed 11 Californios. The combined forces staged an
554:
371:
42:
2069:
2017:
2012:
1926:
1896:
1875:
1724:
1008:
Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians of the Los Coyotes Reservation
975:
919:
Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians of the Agua Caliente Indian Reservation
439:
327:
201:
195:
17:
1707:
1640:. Images of America. Charleston, South Carolina: Arcadia Press. p. 128.
2179:
2083:
2033:
1996:
1911:
1663:
535:
521:
494:
1946:
1621:
609:
252:
1517:
1453:"San Diego Indians and the Federal Government Years of Neglect, 1850-1865"
2128:
2122:
2006:
1991:
1906:
1891:
1760:. Palm Springs, CA: Coachella Valley Archaeological Society. p. 46.
613:
598:
590:
454:
387:
222:
27:
Native American people, living in the inland areas of southern California
1814:
2154:
2106:
2100:
2060:
2055:
2027:
1975:
1971:
1957:
1691:
829:
530:
375:
930:
Band), and another clan (its identity has been lost), headquarters at
508:
The Cahuilla did not encounter Anglo-Americans until the 1840s. Chief
2189:
2138:
2133:
2090:
2075:
1052:(Nanxaiyem clan (originally a "Pass" Cahuilla clan), headquarters at
825:
573:
and killed 33–40 Luiseno warriors, an event that became known as the
570:
498:
474:
458:
399:
1636:
Holtzclaw, Kenneth M.; San Gorgonio Pass Historical Society (2006).
1362:
1000:(Natcutakiktum (″Sand People″, from Horse Canyon), headquartered at
681:. The total population living on its territory was 21,358 as of the
950:
Morongo Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians of the Morongo Reservation
2199:
2174:
2169:
2159:
2022:
1986:
1981:
1728:
1655:
710:
662:
and the surrounding areas are experiencing rapid development. The
633:
540:
417:
1819:
1784:
1546:
Bean, Lowell John, Sylvia Brakke Vane, and Jackson Young. (1991)
1490:. Berkeley, California: University of California Press. pp.
1363:
Mission Creek Band, Village of Indians, Mission Creek Reservation
1317:
426:
Oral legends suggest that when the Cahuilla first moved into the
2095:
2001:
1967:
1804:
1765:
1699:
1613:
1566:. Bureau of American Ethnology Bulletin No. 78. Washington, D.C.
1548:
The Cahuilla Landscape: The Santa Rosa and San Jacinto Mountains
1509:
1429:
Edward Winslow Gifford: Clans and Moities in Southern California
1395:
William Duncan Strong: Aboriginal Society in Southern California
1191:
1132:(1865-1922), basketmaker and icon of Helen Hunt Jackson's novel
1126:(Cahuilla Band, 1783-1863), major chief of the Mountain Cahuilla
608:
colonists, the Cahuilla came into conflict with the neighboring
469:
The Cahuilla's first encounter with Europeans was in 1774, when
1846:
1596:
People of the Magic Waters: The Cahuilla Indians of Pam Springs
1105:- "Lady moon ") clans, and Chemehuevi Indians, headquarters at
871:
Counties and are the territory of federally recognized tribes.
1284:. Morango Indian Reservation, Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press.
804:, and from the San Cayetano band—part of "Desert Cahuilla" in
36:
1837:
Agua Caliente Reservation and Morongo Reservation, California
1809:
1304:
998:
Cahuilla Band of Mission Indians of the Cahuilla Reservation
843:
mentioning the Cahuilla and other local Indigenous peoples.
692:, also considered part of the Cahuilla nation, operates the
1794:
1486:
Mukat's People: The Cahuilla Indians of Southern California
489:
and their culture from Indians living close to missions in
1586:, Paul (with Luke Madrigal). 1999. "Cahuilla bird songs",
722:
Smaller bands of Cahuilla are in Southern California: the
1147:(Cahuilla Band, 1880–1971), Major League baseball catcher
835:
To recognize Cahuilla history and cultural heritage, the
406:. The word "Cahuilla" is probably from the Ivilyuat word
402:
applied to the group after mission secularization in the
1800:
Los Coyotes Band of Cahuilla and Cupeno Indians contacts
1758:
Observations on the Cahuilla Indians – Past and Present
839:, located on historically Cahuilla land, has created a
685:, although few of these are registered tribal members.
2231:
Native American tribes in Riverside County, California
888:
The Cahuilla bands (sometimes called "villages") are:
512:, leader of the Cahuilla Mountain Band, gave traveler
1199:
negotiated the Treaty of Temecula on January 5, 1852.
1020:(Apapatcem (″Medicine People″) clan, headquarters at
942:- ″boiling water″), the Spanish who arrived named it
762:, Indio, and Coachella ("Dates Lane" community); the
1084:, or ″Deer Moon Among the Palms″, Panakauissiktum (″
449:. A notable tree whose fruits they harvested is the
300:
290:
282:
274:
246:
228:
208:
177:
167:
67:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1483:
520:in 1842. The Mountain Band also lent support to a
1820:Home page Torres Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians
1539:, William C. Sturtevant, general editor, vol. 8.
1535:, edited by Robert F. Heizer, pp. 575–587.
824:farm laborers), and other tribal groups, mainly
585:. In 1851, Juan Antonio led his warriors in the
1598:. Palm Springs: ETC Publications. p. 124.
1141:(Morongo Band, b. 1936), cognitive psychologist
1727:of Indian houses, wells, basket granaries and
565:. Lugo led this action in retaliation for the
430:, a large body of water that geographers call
242:, Protestant), and traditional tribal religion
1858:
1594:Brumgardt, John R.; Bowles, Larry L. (1981).
1381:invited these Mountain Cahuilla to settle in
1305:"Office of Diversity, Equity & Inclusion"
8:
921:(main clans: Kawasic, Kauisik, Kauisiktum ("
142:
1738:. Kessinger Publishing, LLC (2007 reprint)
1558:, GlobalTwitcher.com, ed. Nicklas Stromberg
1250:"California Indians and Their Reservations.
1865:
1851:
1843:
1686:: Malki Museum Press (Westernlore Press).
1556:California Fan Palm: Washingtonia filifera
746:in Warner Springs (San Diego County); the
696:, as well as the Hadley Fruit Orchards in
561:in attacking their traditional enemy, the
152:
141:
1531:Bean, Lowell John. (1978) "Cahuilla", in
1280:Sieler, Hansjakob; Hioki, Kojiro (1979).
1113:- "dark resin or sap from mesquite tree")
612:tribe to the west. In November 1851, the
453:. The Cahuilla also used palm leaves for
445:The Cahuilla lived off the land by using
127:Learn how and when to remove this message
873:
553:, Juan Antonio led his warriors to join
1209:
1078:Torres-Martinez Desert Cahuilla Indians
1018:Ramona Band of Cahuilla Mission Indians
1245:
1243:
1241:
473:was looking for a trade route between
271:
1564:Handbook of the Indians of California
457:of many shapes, sizes, and purposes;
334:. It was bounded to the north by the
7:
1954:(Lassik, Nongatl, Sinkyone, Wailaki)
1573:, Banning, CA: Malki Museum Press, .
1253:SDSU Library and Information Access.
1159:(Cahuilla Band), Artist and educator
898:(on San Gorgonio Pass, centering in
616:occurred, wherein the Cupeno leader
382:, and the name of their language is
178:Regions with significant populations
173:2010: 4,238 alone and in combination
65:adding citations to reliable sources
1736:Ethnography of the Cahuilla Indians
1451:CARRICO, RICHARD L. (Summer 1980).
1028:Santa Rosa Band of Cahuilla Indians
837:University of California, Riverside
1537:Handbook of North American Indians
1050:Augustine Band of Cahuilla Indians
664:Agua Caliente Band of the Cahuilla
638:Cahuilla woman and children (1903)
528:, defending it against attacks by
25:
501:who worked for the owners of the
422:Historic distribution of Cahuilla
390:), but they also call themselves
2236:Indigenous peoples of California
1881:Indigenous peoples of California
1874:
1827:The Journal of San Diego History
1678:James, Harry Clebourne (1968) .
1457:The Journal of San Diego History
816:(from historic interaction with
694:Morongo Casino, Resort & Spa
671:Agua Caliente Indian Reservation
194:
184:
41:
1550:. Menlo Park, CA: Ballena Press
1180:Cahuilla traditional narratives
1060:Cabazon Band of Mission Indians
690:Morongo Band of Mission Indians
52:needs additional citations for
2052:(Monache, Owens Valley Paiute)
1723:(p. 155) and drawings by
1459:. San Diego Historical Society
964:Desert Hot Springs, California
587:destruction of the Irving Gang
354:and the eastern slopes of the
1:
1377:of the Costakiktum clan, the
1170:Agua Caliente Cultural Museum
1103:Soqut Menyily, So-kut Men-yil
752:Santa Rosa Indian Reservation
524:expedition led by Lieutenant
1780:Home page Agua Caliente Band
1101:& Martinez Canyon area;
1082:″Mau-Wal-Mah Su-Kutt Menyil″
1839:United States Census Bureau
1719:– includes a photograph of
847:Federally recognized tribes
2257:
2226:California Mission Indians
1684:Morongo Indian Reservation
1482:Bean, Lowell John (1972).
1145:John Tortes "Chief" Meyers
1012:Warner Springs, California
879:John Tortes "Chief" Meyers
859:of Cahuilla. These are in
29:
1887:
1815:Home page Santa Rosa Band
1553:Hogan, C. Michael. 2009.
1258:February 5, 2009, at the
968:Mission Creek (Yamesével)
776:Mission Creek Reservation
748:Ramona Indian Reservation
545:19th century Cahuilla hut
516:access to areas near the
350:, and to the west by the
251:
233:
213:
182:
172:
158:Desert Cahuilla woman by
151:
32:Cahuilla (disambiguation)
1785:Home page Augustine Band
1756:Quinn, Harry M. (1997).
932:Palm Springs, California
818:Chinese railroad workers
336:San Bernardino Mountains
2150:Plains and Sierra Miwok
2009:(Diegueño, Ipai, Tipai)
1795:Home page Cahuilla Band
1569:James, Harry C. (1969)
1541:Smithsonian Institution
734:in the 1880s-90s); the
526:Edward Fitzgerald Beale
304:ʔívil̃uqaletem Meytémak
1805:Home page Morongo Band
1562:Kroeber, A. L. (1925)
1348:Whitewater, California
1294:C. Michael Hogan. 2009
885:
772:Rancho Santa Carmelita
719:
639:
546:
442:in the same location.
423:
2119:(Konomihu, Okwanuchu)
1952:Eel River Athapaskans
1810:Home page Ramona Band
1734:Kroeber, A.L. (1908)
1721:Katherine Siva Saubel
1588:California Chronicles
1151:Katherine Siva Saubel
1054:Coachella, California
1041:(deserts of northern
991:San Jacinto Mountains
970:, a tributary of the
910:, wandering north to
883:major league baseball
877:
828:migrant workers from
756:Twentynine Palms Band
714:
637:
544:
503:Rancho San Bernardino
471:Juan Bautista de Anza
421:
404:Ranchos of California
346:, to the east by the
247:Related ethnic groups
1680:The Cahuilla Indians
1571:The Cahuilla Indians
1383:Politana, California
764:Torres-Martinez Band
583:California Gold Rush
559:José del Carmen Lugo
551:Mexican–American War
434:existed. Fed by the
410:, meaning "master."
394:, meaning "person".
61:improve this article
30:For other uses, see
1282:Cahuilla Dictionary
1186:Golden Checkerboard
1107:Thermal, California
983:"Mountain" Cahuilla
954:Banning, California
841:land acknowledgment
806:Rancho San Cayetano
730:(their village was
451:California fan palm
344:Chocolate Mountains
332:Southern California
148:
1543:, Washington, D.C.
1375:Chief Juan Antonio
1175:Cahuilla mythology
960:Mission Creek Band
912:Desert Hot Springs
896:"Western" Cahuilla
886:
780:Desert Hot Springs
720:
640:
547:
424:
338:, to the south by
2208:
2207:
1731:(pp. 174–5).
1638:San Gorgonio Pass
1068:Indio, California
1039:"Desert" Cahuilla
1032:Hemet, California
881:was a catcher in
704:and community of
595:San Gorgonio Pass
575:Temecula Massacre
518:San Gorgonio Pass
368:Cahuilla language
362:Language and name
356:Palomar Mountains
352:San Jacinto Plain
308:
307:
270:
269:
223:Cahuilla language
137:
136:
129:
111:
16:(Redirected from
2248:
1879:
1878:
1867:
1860:
1853:
1844:
1769:
1711:
1673:F868.R6 H65 2006
1667:
1625:
1521:
1489:
1469:
1468:
1466:
1464:
1448:
1442:
1437:
1431:
1426:
1420:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1392:
1386:
1371:
1365:
1360:
1354:
1345:
1339:
1335:
1331:Lowell John Bean
1326:
1320:
1315:
1309:
1308:
1301:
1295:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1277:
1271:
1268:
1262:
1247:
1236:
1235:
1233:
1227:. Archived from
1222:
1214:
1197:O. M. Wozencraft
1118:Notable Cahuilla
1095:Maulma, Mauulmii
1022:Anza, California
1002:Anza, California
972:Whitewater River
908:Coachella Valley
760:Twentynine Palms
750:in Pine Meadow;
744:Los Coyotes Band
648:African American
534:and his band of
428:Coachella Valley
314:, also known as
272:
199:
198:
189:
188:
168:Total population
160:Edward S. Curtis
156:
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132:
125:
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118:
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110:
69:
45:
37:
21:
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2241:Colorado Desert
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2066:Northern Paiute
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1215:
1211:
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1166:
1139:Marigold Linton
1120:
892:"Pass" Cahuilla
849:
787:Imperial Valley
754:in Pinyon; the
656:
483:Alta California
467:
416:
364:
348:Colorado Desert
340:Borrego Springs
324:Native American
193:
183:
163:
144:
140:
133:
122:
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28:
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1999:
1994:
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946:- ″hot water″)
940:Se-Khi, Sec-he
853:(San Gorgonio)
848:
845:
814:Asian-American
798:Thousand Palms
796:area (between
724:Augustine Band
717:Augustine Band
715:Office of the
675:Cathedral City
655:
654:Current status
652:
567:Pauma Massacre
466:
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436:Colorado River
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380:ʔívil̃uqaletem
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316:ʔívil̃uqaletem
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1649:
1647:0-7385-3097-2
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1607:
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1507:
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1501:0-520-02627-6
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1218:"Census 2010"
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1157:Gerald Clarke
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1091:Torres (Toro)
1087:
1083:
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1076:
1073:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1051:
1048:
1047:
1046:
1044:
1043:Lake Cahuilla
1040:
1033:
1029:
1026:
1023:
1019:
1016:
1013:
1009:
1006:
1003:
999:
996:
995:
994:
992:
988:
984:
977:
974:north of the
973:
969:
965:
961:
958:
955:
951:
948:
945:
944:Agua Caliente
941:
937:
933:
928:
924:
920:
917:
916:
915:
913:
909:
905:
901:
897:
893:
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880:
876:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
846:
844:
842:
838:
833:
831:
827:
823:
819:
815:
810:
807:
803:
799:
795:
790:
788:
783:
781:
777:
773:
769:
765:
761:
757:
753:
749:
745:
742:in Anza; the
741:
740:Cahuilla Band
737:
733:
729:
725:
718:
713:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
686:
684:
680:
679:Rancho Mirage
676:
672:
667:
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661:
653:
651:
649:
645:
636:
632:
630:
625:
621:
619:
618:Antonio Garra
615:
611:
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596:
592:
588:
584:
579:
576:
572:
568:
564:
560:
556:
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543:
539:
537:
533:
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527:
523:
519:
515:
514:Daniel Sexton
511:
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504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
464:
462:
460:
456:
452:
448:
447:native plants
443:
441:
437:
433:
432:Lake Cahuilla
429:
420:
413:
411:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
361:
359:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
320:Ivilyuqaletem
317:
313:
303:
299:
296:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
266:
262:
258:
254:
250:
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197:
192:
191:United States
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155:
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147:
131:
128:
120:
109:
106:
102:
99:
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92:
88:
85:
81:
78: –
77:
73:
72:Find sources:
66:
62:
56:
55:
50:This article
48:
44:
39:
38:
33:
19:
2141:(Gabrieliño)
2125:(Fernandeño)
2030:(Bear River)
1921:
1829:
1826:
1790:Cabazon Band
1757:
1735:
1679:
1637:
1631:E99.C155 B77
1595:
1590:, 2(2): 4-8.
1587:
1570:
1563:
1555:
1547:
1536:
1532:
1485:
1461:. Retrieved
1456:
1446:
1435:
1424:
1413:
1401:
1390:
1369:
1358:
1351:
1343:
1336:
1324:
1318:Malki Museum
1313:
1299:
1290:
1281:
1275:
1266:
1252:
1229:the original
1224:
1212:
1184:
1133:
1124:Juan Antonio
1110:
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1085:
1081:
1071:
1038:
1037:
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981:
943:
939:
926:
922:
900:Palm Springs
895:
891:
890:
887:
850:
834:
811:
805:
802:Indian Wells
791:
784:
771:
736:Cabazon Band
731:
721:
687:
668:
660:Palm Springs
657:
641:
626:
622:
614:Garra Revolt
603:
580:
548:
529:
510:Juan Antonio
507:
468:
444:
425:
407:
395:
391:
383:
379:
365:
319:
315:
311:
309:
278:ʔívil̃uqalet
145:
139:Ethnic group
123:
114:
104:
97:
90:
83:
71:
59:Please help
54:verification
51:
2145:Tübatulabal
1963:Halchidhoma
1942:Coast Miwok
1902:Ahwahnechee
1527:E99.C155 B4
1407:Californios
1379:Lugo family
1130:Ramona Lubo
1080:(own name:
904:Palm Desert
794:Palm Desert
683:2000 census
629:reservation
593:toward the
555:Californios
549:During the
491:San Gabriel
372:Uto-Aztecan
2215:Categories
2070:Kucadikadi
2013:Lake Miwok
1927:Chemehuevi
1897:Acjachemen
1725:Carl Eytel
1717:E99.K27 J3
1692:B0007HDH7E
1656:2005934849
1533:California
1270:Bean, 1978
1225:census.gov
1204:References
987:Santa Rosa
976:Salton Sea
538:warriors.
440:Salton Sea
414:Prehistory
384:ʔívil̃uʔat
370:is in the
328:California
295:ʔívil̃uʔat
202:California
87:newspapers
76:"Cahuilla"
2180:Wukchumni
2084:Ramaytush
2080:Costanoan
2041:(Klamath)
2034:Mechoopda
1997:Kitanemuk
1932:Chimariko
1912:Bay Miwok
1708:254156323
1352:Kíš čáwal
1086:water fox
1072:Pàl téwet
1070:, called
869:San Diego
865:Riverside
768:La Quinta
728:Coachella
522:U.S. Army
495:San Diego
392:táxliswet
209:Languages
2221:Cahuilla
2129:Timbisha
2123:Tataviam
2007:Kumeyaay
1992:Kawaiisu
1922:Cahuilla
1907:Atsugewi
1892:Achomawi
1766:97204029
1700:60010491
1664:70259293
1614:78016023
1510:78145782
1256:Archived
1164:See also
1099:Martinez
936:Cahuilla
861:Imperial
822:Filipino
599:Saahatpa
591:Politana
499:vaqueros
487:missions
479:Monterey
455:basketry
396:Cahuilla
388:Ivilyuat
342:and the
322:, are a
312:Cahuilla
291:Language
240:Moravian
229:Religion
143:Cahuilla
117:May 2019
2155:Vanyume
2112:Serrano
2107:Salinan
2101:Quechan
2061:Nomlaki
2056:Nisenan
2028:Mattole
2018:Luiseño
1976:Whilkut
1972:Chilula
1958:Esselen
1937:Chumash
1622:4056234
1584:Apodaca
1476:Sources
1463:22 June
1111:Telmuva
1064:Cabazon
830:Arizona
732:La Mesa
706:Cabazon
702:Banning
698:Cabazon
644:Spanish
563:Luiseño
557:led by
465:History
459:sandals
376:autonym
301:Country
261:Serrano
257:Luiseño
219:Spanish
215:English
101:scholar
2190:Yokuts
2165:Washoe
2139:Tongva
2134:Tolowa
2117:Shasta
2103:(Yuma)
2091:Patwin
2076:Ohlone
2045:Mohave
1947:Cupeño
1916:Saklan
1764:
1749:
1742:
1715:
1706:
1698:
1690:
1671:
1662:
1654:
1644:
1629:
1620:
1612:
1602:
1525:
1518:370378
1516:
1508:
1498:
1134:Ramona
1093:area;
1045:area)
867:, and
826:Apache
677:, and
658:Today
610:Cupeño
606:Mormon
571:ambush
531:Wakara
475:Sonora
408:kawi'a
400:exonym
398:is an
283:People
275:Person
265:Tongva
263:, and
253:Cupeño
162:, 1926
103:
96:
89:
82:
74:
2200:Yurok
2175:Wiyot
2170:Wintu
2160:Wappo
2039:Modoc
2023:Maidu
1987:Cahto
1982:Karuk
1729:ollas
1232:(PDF)
1221:(PDF)
857:bands
770:(was
108:JSTOR
94:books
2195:Yuki
2185:Yana
2096:Pomo
2050:Mono
2002:Kizh
1968:Hupa
1832:(1).
1762:LCCN
1747:ISBN
1740:ISBN
1704:OCLC
1696:LCCN
1688:ASIN
1660:OCLC
1652:LCCN
1642:ISBN
1618:OCLC
1610:LCCN
1600:ISBN
1514:OCLC
1506:LCCN
1496:ISBN
1465:2010
1192:Muut
989:and
927:rock
902:and
820:and
688:The
669:The
646:and
493:and
477:and
366:The
310:The
80:news
1713:LCC
1669:LCC
1627:LCC
1523:LCC
1492:201
966:on
925:or
923:fox
906:in
894:or
778:in
766:in
758:in
726:in
536:Ute
481:in
378:is
318:or
63:by
2217::
1974:,
1830:22
1702:.
1694:.
1682:.
1658:.
1650:.
1616:.
1608:.
1512:.
1504:.
1494:.
1455:.
1240:^
1223:.
1109:,
993:)
956:.)
938::
914:)
863:,
782:.
601:.
505:.
358:.
259:,
255:,
238:,
221:,
217:,
2072:)
2068:(
1978:)
1970:(
1918:)
1914:(
1866:e
1859:t
1852:v
1768:.
1710:.
1666:.
1624:.
1520:.
1467:.
1307:.
1089:(
1074:)
1056:)
1034:)
1024:)
1014:)
1004:)
985:(
978:)
934:(
386:(
204:)
200:(
130:)
124:(
119:)
115:(
105:·
98:·
91:·
84:·
57:.
34:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
