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Near this place in the year 1568 Brass was first made by alloying Copper with Zinc. To commemorate the event and on the occasion of the
Diamond Jubilee of the National Brassfoundry Association, this plaque was erected in 1957
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material resulting from the non-zinc components of calamine. The use of ore rather than metallic zinc also made it difficult to accurately produce the desired final proportion of copper to zinc. This process is known as
91:, four-sevenths calamine, and one-seventh shruff (old plate brass). Calamine brass was the first type of brass produced, probably starting during the 1st millennium BC, and was not replaced in
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techniques were developed in Europe, which produced metallic zinc more suitable for brass production than calamine. However, the conversion away from calamine brass manufacture was slow; a
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appears to have been unknown in Europe until the mid-18th century, even though the alloyed calamine brass was in use for centuries, and metallic zinc was produced directly via
71:) as the zinc component of brass. The resulting brasses, produced by heating a mixture of copper and calamine to a high temperature for several hours (allowing zinc
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The plaque also claims though that the brass was made with copper and zinc, which is so unlikely at this date as to make the claimed date also slightly suspect.
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110:, was the source of much of the medieval brass of northern Europe. Brass production was introduced to England in 1587 when several members of the
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in 1738, but the alloying of metallic zinc and copper to produce brass was not patented until 1781 (by James
Emerson), and calamine
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145:, where brass production became a major industry in the 18th century. Later brass production sites in England included
289:"A Brief Review of the Development of the Copper, Zinc and Brass Industries in Great Britain from AD 1500 to 1900"
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wishing to produce brass thus used calamine (actually a mixture of the virtually indistinguishable zinc ores
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until as late as 1858. The slow diffusion of this technology was probably the result of economic factors.
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to distill from the ores and permeate the metallic copper), contained a significant amount of
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obtained a licence from the company (within whose monopoly it was) to build a brass works at
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259:"A Short History of Baptist Mills Brass Works - Part One: The Early Years, 1700 - 1720"
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and, when it was first developed, methods for producing metallic zinc were unknown.
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brass manufacturers had developed more advanced techniques some centuries earlier.
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353:
Day, J.; Tylecote, R. F., eds. (1991). "Copper, Zinc and Brass
Production".
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by other brass manufactures until the 18th century. It is likely that
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Calamine brass was produced using proportions of two-sevenths fine
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claims that the well-known brassworks at this site began in 1568.
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directly, rather than first refining it to metallic zinc. Direct
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smelting in India and China from the 12th century CE onwards.
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New brass works were built by a German immigrant in 1649 at
319:(2nd ed.). Institute of Materials. p. 84.
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156:Calamine brass was slowly phased out as zinc
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141:c. 30), further works were built near
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357:. Institute of Metals. p. 200.
112:Company of Mineral and Battery Works
355:The Industrial Revolution in Metals
133:copper. After the passing of the
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102:The area around La Calamine, now
1:
344:. Oliver and Boyd. pp.
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26:produced by a particular
315:Tylecote, R. F. (1991).
287:Alexander, W.O. (1955).
317:A History of Metallurgy
237:. David & Charles.
340:Elizabethan Monopolies
336:Donald, M. B. (1961).
397:History of metallurgy
51:Brass is an alloy of
299:(15). Archived from
135:Royal Mines Act 1688
30:technique using the
46:reducing-atmosphere
139:1 Will. & Mar.
364:978-0-9014-6282-4
326:978-1-9026-5379-2
129:, probably using
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16:Type of brass
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305:. Retrieved
301:the original
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293:Murex Review
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281:Bibliography
267:. Retrieved
263:the original
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69:hemimorphite
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392:Zinc alloys
177:South Wales
173:brass mills
82:cementation
65:smithsonite
376:Categories
307:2007-04-24
269:2005-08-03
183:References
151:Birmingham
220:Citations
116:Isleworth
158:smelting
38:calamine
28:alloying
162:British
147:Cheadle
143:Bristol
131:Swedish
108:Belgium
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346:179–95
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165:patent
104:Kelmis
97:Indian
93:Europe
89:copper
53:copper
382:Brass
188:Notes
127:Esher
106:, in
73:vapor
24:brass
359:ISBN
321:ISBN
239:ISBN
149:and
77:slag
67:and
57:zinc
55:and
32:zinc
35:ore
22:is
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