653:, holding this position until March 4, 1845. With the goal of impressing the Royal Chinese court, the Cushing mission consisted of four American warships, loaded with gifts that exalted scientific wonders including revolvers, telescope, and an encyclopedia. His arrival at Macau in February 1844 created a local sensation, but the Chinese government was reluctant to designate another most favored nation. Cushing cleverly mixed the carrot and stick. He warned – against the backdrop of his warships – that not to receive an envoy was a national insult. He threatened to go directly to the Emperor – an unheard of procedure. The Emperor tried delay, but he finally sent an envoy to negotiate with Cushing, leading to the signing of the
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bringing out his sentences, which made him look like
Mephistopheles alive, and I do not remember ever to have heard a public speaker who stirred in me so decided a disinclination to believe what he said. In later years I met him repeatedly at dinner tables which he enlivened with his large information, his wit, and his fund of anecdote. But I could never quite overcome the impression he had made upon me at that meeting. I could always listen to him with interest, but never with spontaneous confidence."
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661:. In the following years American trade with China grew rapidly, thanks to the high-speed clipper ships which carried relatively small amounts of high-value cargo, such as ginseng and silk. American Protestant missionaries also began to arrive. The popular Chinese reaction was mostly hostile, but there was a favorable element that provided a base of support for American missionaries and businessmen. By 1850–64, China was enmeshed in the
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in Boston just before the Civil War (Volume II, Chapter IV, p. 162): "While speaking he turned his left shoulder to the audience, looking at his hearers askance, and with a squint, too, as it seemed to me, but I may have been mistaken. There was something like a cynical sneer in his manner of
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He served in the Army during the
Mexican War first as colonel of the 1st Massachusetts Volunteer Regiment, of which he was placed in command on January 15, 1847. He was promoted to brigadier-general of volunteers on April 14 of the same year. He did not see combat during this conflict, and entered
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had become president, had been read out of the Whig party, and had vetoed Whig measures (including a tariff bill) for which
Cushing had voted, Cushing first defended the vetoes and then voted again for the bills. In 1843 President Tyler nominated Cushing for
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at the age of 13 and graduated in 1817. He was a teacher of mathematics there from 1820 to 1821, and was admitted to practice in the
Massachusetts Court of Common Pleas in December 1821; he began practicing law in Newburyport in 1824. There he attended the
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of 1844; it gave
American merchants trading rights in five Chinese ports. After the Civil War, Cushing negotiated a treaty with Colombia to give the United States a right-of-way for a trans-oceanic Canal. He helped obtain a favorable settlement of the
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in 1826, and returned to the House in 1828. Afterwards, he spent two years in Europe from 1829 to 1831. Upon his return, he again served in the lower house of the state legislature in 1833 and 1834. Then, in late 1834, he was elected to the
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496:. He believed that enlarging the American sphere would fulfill "the great destiny reserved for this exemplar American Republic." Cushing secured the first American treaty with China, the
1299:"THE CHIEF JUSTICESHIP.; CALEB CUSHING NOMINATED. NO ACTION YET BY THE SENATE--SENATORS AND OTHERS TAKEN BY SURPRISE. OBJECTIONS URGED AGAINST MR. CUSHING. MR. CUSHING HIMSELF SURPRISED"
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1525:. New York: McClure Publ. Co., 1907. Schurz reports his impressions of seeing Cushing, in an effort to discourage anti-slavery sentiment, speak at a "Conservative Union Meeting" at
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In 1847, while again a representative in the
Massachusetts state legislature, he introduced a bill appropriating money for the equipment of a regiment to serve in the
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in the U.S. Senate immediately challenged
Cushing's loyalties on account of his earlier close personal rapport with Andrew Johnson and his alleged pre-Civil War
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sympathies. Their feelings of distrust turned into all out opposition to his confirmation when a (non-political) letter that
Cushing had written in 1861 to
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Oration delivered by the Hon. Caleb
Cushing, of Massachusetts, before the Tammany society, or Columbian order, at Tammany hall, on Monday, July 5th, 1858
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in 1851, but declined; and served as mayor of
Newburyport in 1851 and 1852. (He had written a major history of the town when he was 26 years old.)
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as one of three commissioners assigned to revise and codify the laws of the United States Congress. He served in that capacity from 1866 to 1870.
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Mexico City with his reserve battalion several months after that city had been pacified. He was discharged from the Army on July 20, 1848.
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1251:"Letter, Roger Brooke Taney to Caleb Cushing thanking Cushing for his support of Taney's decision in the Dred Scott case, 9 November 1857"
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in the village of Wanghia on July 3, 1844. In addition to most favored nation status, Cushing made sure that Americans received
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While serving as commissioner to China he was also empowered to negotiate a treaty of navigation and commerce with Japan.
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Speech ... on the Continuation of the Cumberland Road. Delivered in the House of Representatives, April 19, 1838
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Cushing was an eager proponent of territorial and commercial expansion, especially regarding the acquisition of
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refused to confirm him for this office. He was nominated three times in one day, and rejected all three times.
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Cushing died in Newburyport on January 2, 1879, where he was laid to rest in the town's Highland Cemetery.
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Supreme Court Nominations, 1789 to 2020: Actions by the Senate, the Judiciary Committee, and the President
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was found and made public. As a result of rising furor, the nomination was withdrawn on January 13, 1874.
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He became an associate justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1852. During the presidency
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976:"Office of the Attorney General | Attorney General: Caleb Cushing | United States Department of Justice"
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National Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
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Richard E. Welch (1957). "Caleb Cushing's Chinese Mission and the Treaty of Wanghia: A Review".
568:. His wife died about a decade later, leaving him childless and alone. He never married again.
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of slavery, during the Civil War, he supported the Union. He was later appointed by President
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Clippers and Consuls: American consular and commercial relations with eastern Asia, 1845-1860
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In 1858, 1859, 1862, and 1863 he again served in the Massachusetts House of Representatives.
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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sent him to Charleston as Confidential Commissioner to the Secessionists of South Carolina.
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Welch, Richard E. "Caleb Cushing's Chinese Mission and the Treaty of Wanghia: A Review."
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19:"Attorney General Cushing" redirects here. For the New York state attorney general, see
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for the United States before the Geneva Tribunal of Arbitration on the Alabama claims.
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Here the marked inconsistency characterizing his public life became manifest. For when
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Whig Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Massachusetts
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John S. Goff (1961). "The Rejection of United States Supreme Court Appointments".
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On November 23, 1824, Cushing married Caroline Elizabeth Wilde, daughter of Judge
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to the position. The selection caught many off-guard, including Cushing himself.
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In 1868, in concert with the Minister Resident to Colombia, Cushing was sent to
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1026:
Narratives of Free Trade: The Commercial Cultures of Early US-China Relations
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6950:
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3412:
3002:
1793:
1469:
Race, Progress, and Destiny: Caleb Cushing and the Quest for American Empire
1106:. Vol. 7 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 666–667.
926:
Oration on the Material Growth and Territorial Progress of the United States
795:, and worked to negotiate a right-of-way treaty for a ship canal across the
753:
1273:
788:
688:; although the bill was defeated, he raised the necessary funds privately.
99:
1496:
The New Middle Kingdom: China and the Early American Romance of Free Trade
532:, on January 17, 1800; he was the son of John Newmarch Cushing, a wealthy
6955:
6235:
1485:
America's First Adventure in China: Trade, Treaties, Opium, and Salvation
1393:. No. Friday. The Boston Globe, Boston, MA. 27 June 1913. p. 12
649:
In 1843, Cushing was appointed by President Tyler to be commissioner and
1538:
1180:
665:, a civil war which caused millions of deaths; foreign trade stagnated.
6050:
5891:
5887:
1506:
1215:
1194:
Ping Chia Kuo (1933). "Caleb cushing and the treaty of Wanghia, 1844".
1039:
807:
1376:
1022:"The Face of Diplomacy in 19th-Century China: Qiying's Portrait Gifts"
8185:
Rejected or withdrawn nominees to the United States Executive Cabinet
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indicate individuals who were offered seats on the court, but refused
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489:
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852:. The nomination came soon after Grant withdrew the nomination of
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675:
508:, and as the ambassador to Spain in 1870s defused the troublesome
485:
1501:
Kuo, Ping Chia. "Caleb Cushing and the Treaty of Wanghia, 1844".
536:
and merchant, and Lydia Dow, a delicate and sensitive woman from
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Chairmen of the United States House Committee on Foreign Affairs
493:
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6176:
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1890:
Members of the U.S. House of Representatives from Massachusetts
1862:
25:
1462:
Broken Glass: Caleb Cushing & the Shattering of the Union
1118:"PRESIDENTS HAVE FAILED 8 TIMES TO WIN CABINET CONFIRMATIONS"
724:
Also during this time, he founded the Cushing Land Agency in
956:
Unsuccessful nominations to the Cabinet of the United States
1143:"Caleb Cushing | Diplomat, Lawyer, Politician | Britannica"
908:
History and Present State of the Town of Newburyport, Mass.
1279:(Report). Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service
695:
In 1847 and again in 1848 the Democrats nominated him for
8195:
Unsuccessful nominees to the United States Supreme Court
540:, who died when he was ten. The family moved across the
8230:
American military personnel of the Mexican–American War
1498:, Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 2017.
1336:. William & Mary Law School Scholarship Repository
8170:
Members of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
1782:
Permanent Chair of the Democratic National Convention
601:
Cushing served in Congress from 1835 until 1843 (the
457:(January 17, 1800 – January 2, 1879) was an American
8160:
Justices of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
1577:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
1480:, New York: Harcourt, Brace and Co., 1923. (2 vols.)
1453:
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress
894:
and was destroyed by Confederate raiders during the
817:
From January 6, 1874, to April 9, 1877, Cushing was
617:). During the 27th Congress, he was chairman of the
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802:At the Geneva conference for the settlement of the
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728:. The building it was housed in, now known as the
710:, from March 7, 1853, until March 3, 1857, he was
1044:Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA
1028:. Hong Kong University Press. pp. 131–148.
932:Life and Public Services of William H. Harrison
844:On January 9, 1874, Grant nominated Cushing as
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1874:
8:
1436:Appletons' Cyclopædia of American Biography
760:for the Presidency. Also in 1860 President
463:Member of the U.S. House of Representatives
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1629:Massachusetts's 3rd congressional district
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87:
8135:Ambassadors of the United States to China
8130:Ambassadors of the United States to Spain
273:U.S. House of Representatives
76:Learn how and when to remove this message
1550:. The Liberator, Boston, MA. 11 Dec 1857
1391:"Blowing Up of the Cutter Caleb Cushing"
1272:McMillion, Barry J. (January 28, 2022).
1075:
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461:politician and diplomat who served as a
233:June 12, 1844 – August 27, 1844
39:This article includes a list of general
8210:Writers from Newburyport, Massachusetts
1253:. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress
967:
914:Review of the late Revolution in France
619:U.S. House Committee on Foreign Affairs
8205:19th-century Massachusetts politicians
1326:"The Politics of "Advice and Consent""
591:United States House of Representatives
582:Massachusetts House of Representatives
298:March 4, 1835 – March 3, 1843
181:March 7, 1853 – March 4, 1857
8180:Pierce administration cabinet members
1357:The American Journal of Legal History
828:, and proved popular in the country.
712:Attorney General of the United States
124:May 30, 1874 – April 9, 1877
7:
8165:Mayors of Newburyport, Massachusetts
8145:Massachusetts Democratic-Republicans
7093:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
1814:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
1015:
1013:
734:National Register of Historic Places
566:Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court
714:. Cushing supported the March 1857
544:to the prosperous shipping town of
477:. From 1874 until 1877, he was the
6211:United States Ambassadors to Spain
5711:United States Ambassadors to China
840:Cushing's Chief Justice nomination
45:it lacks sufficient corresponding
14:
8235:19th-century American legislators
8125:19th-century American politicians
7528:Associate justices (1780–present)
1006:. Gales & Seaton. p. 15.
882:The United States Revenue Cutter
651:United States Ambassador to China
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16:American politician and diplomat
8190:United States attorneys general
8120:19th-century American diplomats
5027:United States Attorneys General
1713:United States Minister to Spain
1686:United States Minister to China
1657:House Foreign Affairs Committee
1594:Works by or about Caleb Cushing
821:. He defused tensions over the
806:in 1871–1872 he was one of the
479:United States Minister to Spain
411:
221:United States Minister to China
112:United States Minister to Spain
7307:Associate justices (1692–1775)
1841:United States Attorney General
886:was named after Cushing. The
746:Democratic National Convention
701:Massachusetts Attorney General
631:U.S. Secretary of the Treasury
471:United States Attorney General
169:United States Attorney General
1:
7100:Chief justices (1692–present)
1624:U.S. House of Representatives
1607:U.S. House of Representatives
1572:"Caleb Cushing (id: C001016)"
1503:The Journal of Modern History
1448:"Caleb Cushing (id: C001016)"
1324:Swindler, William F. (1970).
1196:The Journal of Modern History
1024:. In Johnson, Kendall (ed.).
744:In 1860 he presided over the
8215:19th-century American judges
8155:Massachusetts state senators
7472:Associate justices (1775–80)
6164:American Institute in Taiwan
866:President of the Confederacy
730:Cushing Land Agency Building
8225:United States Army generals
1535:Oregon Historical Quarterly
1169:Oregon Historical Quarterly
850:United States Supreme Court
8251:
6047:Chiefs of the U.S. Liaison
6039:People's Republic of China
5733:
2109:
1487:(2013) pp. 136–159.
726:St. Croix Falls, Wisconsin
680:Engraving of Caleb Cushing
584:in 1825, then entered the
546:Newburyport, Massachusetts
366:Newburyport, Massachusetts
18:
8140:Harvard University alumni
8083:
7047:
6721:
6294:Minister Plenipotentiary
6225:Ministers Plenipotentiary
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6035:
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5653:Secretary of the Interior
5558:Secretary of the Treasury
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1812:Associate Justice of the
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1749:Governor of Massachusetts
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1505:5, no. 1 (1933): 34–54.
1478:The Life of Caleb Cushing
896:Battle of Portland Harbor
697:Governor of Massachusetts
555:First Presbyterian Church
448:
326:
291:
226:
174:
117:
106:
97:
6466:Ambassador Extraordinary
6083:Ambassador Extraordinary
5993:Ambassador Extraordinary
5944:Ambassador Extraordinary
5903:Minister Plenipotentiary
5805:Minister Plenipotentiary
1730:Party political offices
1570:United States Congress.
1446:United States Congress.
1439:. New York: D. Appleton.
1417:Weidemeyer, John William
938:The Treaty of Washington
832:Supreme Court nomination
530:Salisbury, Massachusetts
349:Salisbury, Massachusetts
8150:Massachusetts Democrats
6292:Envoy Extraordinary and
5901:Envoy Extraordinary and
5803:Envoy Extraordinary and
1103:Encyclopædia Britannica
810:appointed by President
767:Despite having favored
672:Return to Massachusetts
538:Seabrook, New Hampshire
60:more precise citations.
1585:Works by Caleb Cushing
1537:58.4 (1957): 328–357.
1422:"Cushing, Caleb"
1000:Caleb Cushing (1838).
920:Reminiscences of Spain
841:
740:1860 and the Civil War
681:
548:, in 1802. He entered
5634:Secretary of the Navy
1236:Eldon Griffin (1938)
854:George Henry Williams
839:
748:, which met first at
679:
639:John Canfield Spencer
578:Democratic-Republican
377:Democratic-Republican
7469:Revolutionary period
1494:Johnson, Kendall A.
1467:Belohlavek, John M.
1460:Belohlavek, John M.
1020:Yeewan Koon (2012).
758:John C. Breckinridge
686:Mexican–American War
641:was chosen instead.
586:Massachusetts Senate
576:Cushing served as a
528:Cushing was born in
253:Position established
161:James Russell Lowell
7525:Commonwealth period
6468:and Plenipotentiary
6085:and Plenipotentiary
5995:and Plenipotentiary
5946:and Plenipotentiary
1475:Fuess, Claude Moore
858:Radical Republicans
783:Return to diplomacy
732:, is listed on the
716:Dred Scott decision
659:extraterritoriality
562:Samuel Sumner Wilde
382:National Republican
137:Rutherford B. Hayes
5615:Postmaster General
5530:Secretary of State
1305:. January 10, 1874
1303:The New York Times
1147:www.britannica.com
898:on June 27, 1863.
892:American Civil War
890:served during the
842:
682:
550:Harvard University
426:Harvard University
21:Stephen B. Cushing
8097:
8096:
7304:Provincial period
7058:
7057:
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6549:
6546:chargé d'affaires
6517:
6514:chargé d'affaires
6328:
6325:chargé d'affaires
6249:
6246:chargé d'affaires
6170:
6169:
5980:Republic of China
5884:Republic of China
5777:chargé d’affaires
5728:Great Qing Empire
5670:
5669:
5661:Robert McClelland
5480:
5479:
4993:
4992:
3983:H. A. S. Dearborn
3558:J. M. S. Williams
1857:
1856:
1848:Succeeded by
1821:Succeeded by
1791:Succeeded by
1762:Succeeded by
1720:Succeeded by
1696:Alexander Everett
1693:Succeeded by
1674:Diplomatic posts
1667:John Quincy Adams
1664:Succeeded by
1636:Succeeded by
1589:Project Gutenberg
819:Minister to Spain
797:Isthmus of Panama
663:Taiping rebellion
655:Treaty of Wanghia
597:Washington career
572:State legislature
498:Treaty of Wangxia
452:
451:
264:Alexander Everett
86:
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7091:Justices of the
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5577:Secretary of War
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5538:William L. Marcy
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1703:Preceded by
1646:Preceded by
1613:Preceded by
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1598:Internet Archive
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875:Death and legacy
812:Ulysses S. Grant
771:and opposed the
473:under President
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1545:"Caleb Cushing"
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1410:Further reading
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1096:, ed. (1911). "
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7424:J. Cushing Jr.
7421:
7416:
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7409:Stephen Sewall
7406:
7401:
7396:
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7389:J. Cushing Sr.
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7142:Stephen Sewall
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6506:
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6496:
6491:
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6481:
6475:
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6472:(1913–present)
6463:
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5623:James Campbell
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5368:J. N. Mitchell
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5303:W. D. Mitchell
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2863:L. Lincoln Jr.
2860:
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2618:L. Lincoln Sr.
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2134:
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2110:
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2100:
2095:
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2075:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1970:
1965:
1960:
1955:
1950:
1945:
1940:
1935:
1930:
1925:
1920:
1915:
1910:
1904:
1902:
1894:
1893:
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1886:
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1878:
1871:
1863:
1855:
1854:
1851:Jeremiah Black
1849:
1846:
1837:
1832:
1828:
1827:
1822:
1819:
1809:
1803:
1802:
1801:Legal offices
1798:
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1792:
1789:
1778:
1773:
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1763:
1760:
1741:
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1709:
1706:Daniel Sickles
1704:
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1676:
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1665:
1662:
1652:
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1637:
1634:
1622:Member of the
1619:
1614:
1610:
1609:
1601:
1600:
1591:
1582:
1565:
1564:External links
1562:
1561:
1560:
1548:(Fee required)
1541:
1531:
1509:
1499:
1492:
1481:
1472:
1465:
1458:
1442:
1441:
1411:
1408:
1405:
1404:
1382:
1369:10.2307/844034
1363:(4): 357–368.
1347:
1316:
1290:
1264:
1242:
1229:
1208:10.1086/235965
1186:
1175:(4): 328–357.
1159:
1134:
1109:
1098:Cushing, Caleb
1094:Chisholm, Hugh
1055:
1031:
1009:
992:
966:
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911:
903:
900:
876:
873:
833:
830:
804:Alabama claims
784:
781:
777:Andrew Johnson
769:states' rights
762:James Buchanan
741:
738:
673:
670:
646:
643:
598:
595:
580:member of the
573:
570:
525:
522:
520:
517:
450:
449:
446:
445:
438:
434:
433:
423:
419:
418:
407:
404:Caroline Wilde
403:
402:
400:
396:
395:
374:
370:
369:
363:(aged 78)
357:
353:
352:
337:
333:
332:
328:
327:
324:
323:
318:
312:
311:
306:
300:
299:
289:
288:
270:Member of the
267:
266:
261:
255:
254:
251:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
224:
223:
217:
216:
214:Jeremiah Black
211:
205:
204:
199:
193:
192:
187:
183:
182:
172:
171:
164:
163:
158:
152:
151:
149:Daniel Sickles
146:
140:
139:
130:
126:
125:
115:
114:
108:
107:
104:
103:
95:
94:
91:
84:
83:
38:
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29:
15:
13:
10:
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6:
4:
3:
2:
8247:
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7910:Jacob Spiegel
7908:
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7798:
7796:
7793:
7791:
7788:
7786:
7783:
7781:
7778:
7776:
7773:
7771:
7768:
7766:
7763:
7761:
7758:
7756:
7753:
7751:
7748:
7746:
7743:
7741:
7738:
7736:
7733:
7731:
7728:
7726:
7723:
7721:
7718:
7716:
7713:
7711:
7708:
7706:
7703:
7701:
7700:M. Morton Jr.
7698:
7696:
7693:
7691:
7688:
7686:
7683:
7681:
7678:
7676:
7673:
7671:
7668:
7666:
7663:
7661:
7658:
7656:
7653:
7651:
7648:
7646:
7643:
7641:
7638:
7636:
7633:
7631:
7628:
7626:
7623:
7621:
7620:M. Morton Sr.
7618:
7616:
7613:
7611:
7608:
7606:
7603:
7601:
7598:
7596:
7593:
7591:
7588:
7586:
7583:
7581:
7578:
7576:
7573:
7571:
7568:
7566:
7563:
7561:
7558:
7556:
7553:
7551:
7548:
7546:
7543:
7541:
7538:
7536:
7533:
7532:
7530:
7526:
7522:
7516:
7513:
7511:
7508:
7506:
7503:
7501:
7500:
7496:
7494:
7493:
7489:
7487:
7486:
7482:
7480:
7477:
7476:
7474:
7470:
7466:
7460:
7457:
7455:
7452:
7450:
7447:
7445:
7444:F. Hutchinson
7442:
7440:
7437:
7435:
7432:
7430:
7427:
7425:
7422:
7420:
7417:
7415:
7412:
7410:
7407:
7405:
7402:
7400:
7397:
7395:
7392:
7390:
7387:
7385:
7382:
7380:
7377:
7375:
7372:
7370:
7367:
7365:
7362:
7360:
7357:
7355:
7352:
7350:
7347:
7345:
7342:
7340:
7337:
7335:
7332:
7330:
7327:
7325:
7324:Samuel Sewall
7322:
7320:
7317:
7315:
7312:
7311:
7309:
7305:
7301:
7295:
7292:
7290:
7287:
7285:
7282:
7280:
7277:
7275:
7272:
7270:
7267:
7265:
7262:
7260:
7257:
7255:
7252:
7250:
7247:
7245:
7242:
7240:
7237:
7235:
7232:
7230:
7227:
7225:
7222:
7220:
7217:
7215:
7212:
7210:
7207:
7205:
7202:
7200:
7197:
7195:
7192:
7190:
7187:
7185:
7182:
7180:
7177:
7175:
7172:
7170:
7167:
7165:
7164:
7160:
7158:
7155:
7153:
7150:
7148:
7147:T. Hutchinson
7145:
7143:
7140:
7138:
7135:
7133:
7130:
7128:
7127:Samuel Sewall
7125:
7123:
7120:
7118:
7115:
7113:
7110:
7108:
7105:
7104:
7102:
7098:
7094:
7086:
7081:
7079:
7074:
7072:
7067:
7066:
7063:
7052:
7042:
7039:
7037:
7034:
7032:
7029:
7027:
7024:
7022:
7019:
7017:
7014:
7012:
7009:
7007:
7004:
7002:
6999:
6997:
6994:
6992:
6989:
6987:
6984:
6982:
6979:
6977:
6974:
6972:
6969:
6967:
6964:
6962:
6959:
6957:
6954:
6952:
6949:
6947:
6944:
6942:
6939:
6937:
6934:
6932:
6929:
6927:
6924:
6922:
6919:
6917:
6914:
6912:
6909:
6907:
6904:
6902:
6899:
6897:
6894:
6892:
6889:
6887:
6884:
6882:
6879:
6877:
6874:
6872:
6869:
6867:
6864:
6862:
6859:
6857:
6854:
6852:
6849:
6847:
6844:
6842:
6839:
6837:
6834:
6832:
6829:
6827:
6824:
6822:
6819:
6817:
6814:
6812:
6809:
6807:
6804:
6802:
6799:
6797:
6794:
6792:
6789:
6787:
6784:
6782:
6779:
6777:
6774:
6772:
6769:
6767:
6764:
6762:
6759:
6757:
6754:
6752:
6749:
6747:
6744:
6742:
6739:
6737:
6734:
6732:
6729:
6727:
6724:
6723:
6720:
6716:
6709:
6704:
6702:
6697:
6695:
6690:
6689:
6686:
6674:
6671:
6669:
6666:
6664:
6661:
6659:
6656:
6654:
6651:
6649:
6646:
6644:
6641:
6639:
6636:
6634:
6631:
6629:
6626:
6624:
6621:
6619:
6616:
6614:
6611:
6609:
6606:
6604:
6601:
6599:
6596:
6594:
6591:
6589:
6586:
6584:
6581:
6579:
6576:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6564:
6561:
6559:
6556:
6554:
6551:
6547:
6542:
6539:
6537:
6534:
6532:
6529:
6527:
6524:
6522:
6519:
6515:
6510:
6507:
6505:
6502:
6500:
6497:
6495:
6492:
6490:
6487:
6485:
6482:
6480:
6477:
6476:
6474:
6464:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6428:
6425:
6423:
6420:
6418:
6415:
6413:
6410:
6408:
6405:
6403:
6400:
6398:
6395:
6393:
6390:
6388:
6385:
6383:
6380:
6378:
6375:
6373:
6370:
6368:
6365:
6363:
6360:
6358:
6355:
6353:
6350:
6348:
6345:
6343:
6340:
6338:
6335:
6333:
6330:
6326:
6321:
6318:
6316:
6313:
6311:
6308:
6306:
6303:
6302:
6300:
6290:
6284:
6281:
6279:
6276:
6274:
6271:
6269:
6266:
6264:
6261:
6259:
6256:
6254:
6251:
6247:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6233:
6231:
6223:
6217:
6212:
6207:
6198:
6193:
6191:
6186:
6184:
6179:
6178:
6175:
6165:
6159:
6153:
6150:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6140:
6138:
6135:
6133:
6130:
6128:
6125:
6123:
6120:
6118:
6115:
6113:
6110:
6108:
6105:
6103:
6100:
6098:
6095:
6093:
6090:
6089:
6087:
6081:
6075:
6072:
6070:
6067:
6065:
6062:
6060:
6057:
6056:
6054:
6052:
6045:
6041:
6040:
6034:
6028:
6025:
6023:
6020:
6018:
6015:
6013:
6010:
6008:
6005:
6003:
6000:
5999:
5997:
5991:
5987:
5985:
5981:
5975:
5969:
5966:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5950:
5948:
5942:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
5913:
5911:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5899:
5895:
5893:
5889:
5885:
5879:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5833:
5830:
5828:
5825:
5823:
5820:
5818:
5815:
5813:
5810:
5809:
5807:
5801:
5795:
5792:
5790:
5787:
5785:
5782:
5778:
5773:
5772:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5753:
5750:
5749:
5747:
5743:
5738:
5730:
5729:
5723:
5717:
5712:
5698:
5693:
5691:
5686:
5684:
5679:
5678:
5675:
5662:
5659:
5658:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5631:
5624:
5621:
5620:
5618:
5616:
5612:
5605:
5604:Caleb Cushing
5602:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5593:
5586:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5578:
5574:
5567:
5566:James Guthrie
5564:
5563:
5561:
5559:
5555:
5539:
5536:
5535:
5533:
5531:
5527:
5522:
5519:
5515:
5508:
5503:
5501:
5496:
5494:
5489:
5488:
5485:
5474:
5464:
5461:
5459:
5456:
5454:
5451:
5449:
5446:
5444:
5441:
5439:
5436:
5434:
5431:
5429:
5426:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5409:
5406:
5404:
5401:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5379:
5376:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5329:
5326:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5316:
5314:
5311:
5309:
5306:
5304:
5301:
5299:
5296:
5294:
5291:
5289:
5286:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5276:
5274:
5271:
5269:
5266:
5264:
5261:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5199:
5196:
5194:
5191:
5189:
5186:
5184:
5181:
5179:
5176:
5174:
5171:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5154:
5151:
5149:
5146:
5144:
5141:
5139:
5136:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5114:
5111:
5109:
5106:
5104:
5101:
5099:
5096:
5094:
5091:
5089:
5086:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5076:
5074:
5071:
5069:
5066:
5064:
5061:
5059:
5056:
5054:
5051:
5049:
5046:
5044:
5041:
5039:
5036:
5035:
5032:
5028:
5021:
5016:
5014:
5009:
5007:
5002:
5001:
4998:
4986:
4983:
4982:
4980:
4977:
4972:
4966:
4963:
4961:
4958:
4956:
4953:
4952:
4950:
4947:
4946:20th district
4942:
4936:
4933:
4931:
4928:
4926:
4923:
4921:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4912:
4911:19th district
4907:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4882:
4881:18th district
4877:
4871:
4868:
4867:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4831:
4830:
4828:
4825:
4824:17th district
4820:
4814:
4811:
4809:
4806:
4804:
4801:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4765:
4763:
4760:
4759:16th district
4755:
4749:
4746:
4744:
4741:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4731:
4729:
4726:
4724:
4721:
4719:
4716:
4714:
4711:
4709:
4706:
4704:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4694:15th district
4690:
4684:
4681:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4669:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4629:
4626:
4625:
4623:
4620:
4619:14th district
4615:
4609:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4589:
4586:
4584:
4581:
4579:
4576:
4574:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4554:
4551:
4549:
4546:
4544:
4541:
4539:
4536:
4535:
4533:
4530:
4529:13th district
4525:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4499:
4496:
4494:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4484:
4481:
4479:
4476:
4474:
4471:
4469:
4466:
4464:
4461:
4459:
4456:
4454:
4451:
4449:
4446:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4429:
4426:
4424:
4421:
4419:
4416:
4414:
4411:
4409:
4406:
4404:
4401:
4399:
4396:
4394:
4391:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4375:
4374:12th district
4370:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4349:
4346:
4344:
4341:
4339:
4336:
4334:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4319:
4316:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4284:
4281:
4279:
4276:
4274:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4239:
4238:J. Richardson
4236:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4184:11th district
4180:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4144:
4141:
4139:
4136:
4134:
4131:
4129:
4126:
4124:
4121:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4074:
4071:
4069:
4068:J. E. Russell
4066:
4064:
4061:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4046:
4044:
4041:
4039:
4036:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3974:
3971:
3969:
3966:
3964:
3961:
3959:
3956:
3954:
3951:
3949:
3946:
3944:
3941:
3939:
3936:
3934:
3931:
3929:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3920:
3919:10th district
3915:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3836:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3759:
3756:
3754:
3751:
3749:
3746:
3744:
3741:
3739:
3736:
3734:
3731:
3729:
3726:
3724:
3721:
3719:
3716:
3714:
3711:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3660:
3654:
3651:
3649:
3646:
3644:
3641:
3639:
3636:
3634:
3631:
3629:
3626:
3624:
3621:
3619:
3616:
3614:
3611:
3609:
3606:
3604:
3601:
3599:
3596:
3594:
3591:
3589:
3586:
3584:
3581:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3564:
3561:
3559:
3556:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3539:
3536:
3534:
3531:
3529:
3526:
3524:
3521:
3519:
3516:
3514:
3511:
3509:
3506:
3504:
3501:
3499:
3496:
3494:
3491:
3489:
3486:
3484:
3481:
3479:
3476:
3474:
3471:
3469:
3466:
3464:
3461:
3459:
3456:
3454:
3451:
3449:
3446:
3444:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3430:
3424:
3421:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3409:
3406:
3404:
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1655:Chair of the
1650:
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1617:
1616:Gayton Osgood
1611:
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1522:Reminiscences
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1427:Wilson, J. G.
1423:
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1335:
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1330:Popular Media
1327:
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1089:public domain
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888:Caleb Cushing
885:
884:Caleb Cushing
880:
874:
872:
870:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
847:
846:Chief Justice
838:
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752:and later at
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645:China mission
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482:
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472:
469:and the 23rd
468:
467:Massachusetts
464:
460:
456:
455:Caleb Cushing
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
424:
420:
401:
397:
393:
388:
383:
379:(Before 1825)
378:
375:
371:
367:
358:
354:
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338:
334:
329:
325:
322:
319:
313:
310:
309:Gayton Osgood
307:
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285:
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279:Massachusetts
274:
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109:
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96:
92:Caleb Cushing
89:
80:
77:
69:
59:
55:
49:
48:
42:
37:
28:
27:
22:
8087:
7649:
7497:
7490:
7483:
7161:
7021:Ros-Lehtinen
6765:
6545:
6513:
6381:
6324:
6245:
6037:
5978:
5882:
5776:
5769:
5751:
5745:Commissioner
5726:
5603:
5147:
5058:Breckinridge
4678:Wigglesworth
4603:Wigglesworth
3664:9th district
3434:8th district
3214:7th district
3019:6th district
2804:5th district
2584:4th district
2513:J. A. Thayer
2498:J. R. Thayer
2407:
2329:3rd district
2129:2nd district
1899:1st district
1839:
1811:
1806:
1780:
1747:nominee for
1743:
1723:James Lowell
1711:
1684:
1679:
1654:
1621:
1575:
1552:. Retrieved
1534:
1527:Faneuil Hall
1521:
1512:Schurz, Carl
1502:
1495:
1484:
1477:
1468:
1461:
1451:
1434:
1395:. Retrieved
1385:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1338:. Retrieved
1333:
1329:
1319:
1307:. Retrieved
1302:
1293:
1283:February 15,
1281:. Retrieved
1267:
1255:. Retrieved
1245:
1237:
1232:
1202:(1): 34–54.
1199:
1195:
1189:
1172:
1168:
1162:
1151:. Retrieved
1149:. 2024-01-13
1146:
1137:
1126:. Retrieved
1124:. 1989-02-24
1121:
1112:
1101:
1047:. Retrieved
1043:
1034:
1025:
1002:
995:
984:. Retrieved
982:. 2014-10-23
979:
970:
943:
937:
931:
925:
919:
913:
907:
887:
883:
881:
878:
843:
823:
816:
801:
786:
766:
743:
723:
720:
705:
694:
690:
683:
667:
648:
623:
600:
575:
559:
527:
510:
503:
483:
454:
453:
361:(1879-01-02)
316:Succeeded by
293:
259:Succeeded by
228:
209:Succeeded by
176:
156:Succeeded by
119:
72:
63:
44:
8115:1879 deaths
8110:1800 births
8065:Georges Jr.
7399:Saltonstall
6966:Chiperfield
6623:Bartholomew
6298:(1825–1913)
6229:(1779–1825)
5663:(1853–1857)
5644:(1853–1857)
5625:(1853–1857)
5606:(1853–1857)
5587:(1853–1857)
5568:(1853–1857)
5540:(1853–1857)
5523:(1853–1857)
5373:Kleindienst
5328:T. C. Clark
4768:S. Thatcher
4673:Frothingham
4628:G. Thatcher
4563:J. Reed Jr.
4468:F. Rockwell
4398:S. Thatcher
4383:H. Dearborn
4248:J. Reed Jr.
3998:H. Williams
3868:T. H. Eliot
3808:G. Williams
3768:W. Washburn
3728:H. Williams
3703:J. Reed Jr.
3693:J. Reed Jr.
3583:C. H. Allen
3488:J. Reed Jr.
3468:L. Williams
3448:G. Thatcher
3303:J. Rockwell
3168:A.P. Andrew
3038:J. Reed Sr.
3028:G. Thatcher
2888:W. Appleton
2878:W. Appleton
2828:L. Williams
2793:Auchincloss
2788:Kennedy III
2603:G. Thatcher
2508:C. Washburn
2223:Saltonstall
2078:G. Lawrence
2048:T. D. Eliot
2038:T. D. Eliot
2028:W. Appleton
2013:N. Appleton
2003:A. Lawrence
1993:A. Lawrence
1983:N. Appleton
1738:Isaac Davis
1639:Amos Abbott
635:U.S. Senate
534:shipbuilder
394:(1847–1879)
389:(1833–1847)
384:(1825–1833)
321:Amos Abbott
304:Preceded by
249:Preceded by
197:Preceded by
144:Preceded by
58:introducing
8104:Categories
8075:Wolohojian
7940:H. Wilkins
7895:Whittemore
7880:R. Wilkins
7650:C. Cushing
7545:N. Cushing
7454:W. Cushing
7439:Trowbridge
7274:H. Wilkins
7254:R. Wilkins
6936:McReynolds
6816:Crittenden
6796:Pennington
6786:McClernand
6541:Culbertson
6241:Carmichael
6162:See also:
6049:Office in
6022:McConaughy
5822:Burlingame
5463:M. Garland
5413:Thornburgh
5378:Richardson
5358:Katzenbach
5273:McReynolds
5268:Wickersham
5223:A. Garland
5198:Pierrepont
5143:Crittenden
5108:Crittenden
4965:E. Lincoln
4443:L. Bigelow
4283:Whiting II
4228:J. Russell
4213:A. Bigelow
4123:Fitzgerald
3988:W. Baylies
3858:R. Russell
3818:Fitzgerald
3643:Kennedy II
3588:Greenhalge
3398:L. Connery
3393:W. Connery
3368:W. Everett
3353:W. Russell
3193:Torkildsen
3183:Harrington
2998:N. Tsongas
2978:P. Tsongas
2883:Burlingame
2653:E. Everett
2568:N. Tsongas
2248:Buffington
2053:Buffington
1845:1853–1857
1818:1852–1853
1745:Democratic
1717:1874–1877
1680:New office
1661:1841–1842
1633:1835–1843
1153:2024-01-17
1128:2018-02-10
1049:2024-01-17
986:2024-01-17
962:References
862:Copperhead
750:Charleston
633:, but the
626:John Tyler
524:Early life
459:Democratic
392:Democratic
342:1800-01-17
242:John Tyler
41:references
8060:Wendlandt
7930:Hennessey
7835:Sanderson
7765:J. Morton
7515:D. Sewall
7419:Lynde Jr.
7394:Remington
7374:Davenport
7364:Lynde Sr.
7264:Hennessey
7152:Lynde Jr.
7132:Lynde Sr.
7117:Addington
7107:Stoughton
6931:Linthicum
6776:Ingersoll
6673:PantaleĂłn
6392:Fairchild
6342:Barringer
6258:Humphreys
6007:Drumright
5930:MacMurray
5518:President
5398:Civiletti
5338:McGranery
5288:Daugherty
5263:Bonaparte
4920:J. Parker
4900:J. Parker
4703:Wadsworth
4643:J. Holmes
4538:Wadsworth
4508:McCormack
4388:I. Parker
4103:O'Connell
4078:McEttrick
4073:J. Walker
4023:Dickinson
3973:F Baylies
3888:McCormack
3878:Nicholson
3848:Underhill
3763:A. Walker
3753:E. Thayer
3708:H. Dwight
3633:Macdonald
3618:Dallinger
3613:H. Thayer
3608:Dallinger
3578:W Russell
3533:Wentworth
3408:Macdonald
3283:H. Dwight
3188:Mavroules
2963:E. Rogers
2958:J. Rogers
2833:T. Dwight
2813:Partridge
2768:P. Holmes
2713:J. Abbott
2663:Parmenter
2608:Wadsworth
2488:J. Andrew
2453:Whiting I
2413:A. Abbott
2383:Pickering
2373:Livermore
2293:Granfield
2278:Churchill
2193:Pickering
1794:David Tod
1775:John Ward
1431:Fiske, J.
1224:144511935
824:Virginius
773:abolition
754:Baltimore
564:, of the
519:Biography
511:Virginius
437:Signature
422:Education
294:In office
238:President
229:In office
186:President
177:In office
129:President
120:In office
66:June 2021
8010:Botsford
7980:Marshall
7965:O'Connor
7925:Braucher
7890:Counihan
7885:Williams
7875:Spalding
7840:F. Field
7805:DeCourcy
7760:Knowlton
7740:C. Allen
7735:W. Field
7725:W. Allen
7710:Endicott
7630:Fletcher
7610:C. Dewey
7595:D. Dewey
7580:Sedgwick
7575:Thatcher
7560:Bradbury
7510:Sullivan
7354:Leverett
7349:Hathorne
7329:Winthrop
7319:Richards
7314:Danforth
7279:Marshall
7244:F. Field
7234:Knowlton
7224:W. Field
7122:Winthrop
7112:Winthrop
6996:Hamilton
6986:Zablocki
6971:Richards
6961:Richards
6911:C. Smith
6881:McCreary
6866:McCreary
6851:Williams
6801:Clingman
6781:T. Smith
6658:Solomont
6578:Woodward
6558:MacVeagh
6509:Matthews
6499:Laughlin
6470:to Spain
6437:Woodford
6337:Saunders
6310:Van Ness
6296:to Spain
6263:Pinckney
6227:to Spain
6147:Branstad
6132:Huntsman
6092:Woodcock
6074:Woodcock
5925:Schurman
5867:Rockhill
5784:Marshall
5453:Sessions
5433:Gonzales
5428:Ashcroft
5363:R. Clark
5343:Brownell
5308:Cummings
5218:Brewster
5213:MacVeagh
5193:Williams
5173:Stanbery
5128:Clifford
5043:Bradford
5038:Randolph
4976:At-large
4838:Chandler
4783:S. Davis
4723:Bradbury
4648:Lovering
4588:Mitchell
4573:Simpkins
4503:Gallivan
4483:Lovering
4478:E. Morse
4463:Robinson
4458:J. Adams
4363:Donnelly
4338:Flaherty
4328:Douglass
4313:Sullivan
4293:Coolidge
4278:Robinson
4258:Goodrich
4243:J. Adams
4223:B. Adams
4198:Bartlett
4193:Bradbury
4168:Delahunt
4133:Douglass
4058:Norcross
4013:Grinnell
3953:J. Allen
3943:Hastings
3788:T. Lyman
3723:Hastings
3603:Deitrick
3523:J. Adams
3423:Pressley
3363:Cogswell
3323:Boutwell
3308:Goodrich
3293:Grennell
3288:S. Allen
3248:Mitchell
3228:Ward Sr.
3178:W. Bates
3173:G. Bates
3148:Cogswell
3138:Lovering
3123:Thompson
3098:T. Davis
3088:G. Davis
3068:Grennell
3053:S. Allen
3043:J. Smith
2968:B. Morse
2938:Sh. Hoar
2923:L. Morse
2873:C. Allen
2858:J. Davis
2748:Mitchell
2738:Weymouth
2718:L. Morse
2678:Thompson
2668:Thompson
2658:Sa. Hoar
2623:Hastings
2598:Dearborn
2593:Sedgwick
2563:McGovern
2483:L. Morse
2448:Twichell
2433:C. Adams
2353:S. Lyman
2318:McGovern
2268:E. Morse
2218:Phillips
2163:W. Lyman
2158:Ward Sr.
2153:Sedgwick
2148:W. Lyman
2088:Heselton
2083:Treadway
2063:R. Davis
2023:S. Eliot
2018:Winthrop
2008:Winthrop
1998:Fletcher
1958:Ward Jr.
1943:J. Bacon
1938:Sedgwick
1928:Sedgwick
1807:New seat
1433:(eds.).
1419:(1900).
1340:April 2,
1309:April 2,
1257:April 2,
1181:20612361
950:See also
808:counsels
793:Colombia
287:district
8088:Italics
8035:Gaziano
7985:Ireland
7970:Greaney
7920:Quirico
7915:Reardon
7845:Donahue
7820:Carroll
7795:Sheldon
7780:Hammond
7775:Lathrop
7755:Gardner
7745:Colburn
7670:Chapman
7655:Merrick
7645:Bigelow
7640:Metcalf
7625:Hubbard
7615:Lincoln
7590:Jackson
7479:Sargent
7429:Russell
7414:Hubbard
7284:Ireland
7209:Chapman
7204:Bigelow
7184:Parsons
7174:Sargent
7169:Cushing
6991:Fascell
6896:Perkins
6891:Cousins
6861:Belmont
6806:Hopkins
6766:Cushing
6761:Pickens
6736:Everett
6731:Forsyth
6726:Russell
6653:Aguirre
6648:Argyros
6638:Gardner
6628:Zappala
6608:Stabler
6553:Griffis
6521:Weddell
6494:Hammond
6479:Willard
6452:Collier
6427:Snowden
6412:Belmont
6382:Cushing
6377:Sickles
6367:Koerner
6357:Preston
6305:Everett
6278:Forsyth
6122:Prueher
6051:Beijing
5953:Johnson
5935:Johnson
5915:Reinsch
5910:Calhoun
5892:Nanjing
5888:Beijing
5872:Calhoun
5760:Everett
5755:(Envoy)
5752:Cushing
5514:Cabinet
5438:Mukasey
5353:Kennedy
5333:McGrath
5318:Jackson
5298:Sargent
5278:Gregory
5243:McKenna
5188:Akerman
5158:Stanton
5148:Cushing
5138:Johnson
5083:Berrien
5068:Pinkney
5053:Lincoln
4955:Hubbard
4935:Cushman
4895:T. Rice
4870:Kinsley
4858:J. Carr
4848:F. Carr
4843:Gannett
4813:Gifford
4803:Thacher
4778:Tallman
4748:Gifford
4728:Whitman
4718:Widgery
4713:Whitman
4663:Gilmore
4653:E. Foss
4638:C. King
4568:Randall
4548:Ruggles
4448:Baylies
4438:Kendall
4428:Hulbert
4413:Bidwell
4403:Skinner
4353:O'Neill
4348:Kennedy
4333:Higgins
4323:Tinkham
4303:Sprague
4288:Wallace
4263:Trafton
4253:Burnell
4218:Brigham
4208:Stedman
4173:Keating
4158:Heckler
4138:Tinkham
4088:Barrows
4063:W. Rice
4048:Stevens
4043:Crocker
4028:Chaffee
4018:Scudder
4008:Burnell
3963:Wheaton
3958:Brigham
3928:Goodhue
3908:Keating
3898:Moakley
3873:Gifford
3838:Roberts
3828:Keliher
3803:Candler
3798:Burnett
3783:W. Rice
3778:G. Hoar
3773:Crocker
3748:De Witt
3718:Jackson
3688:Wheaton
3683:J. Dean
3648:Capuano
3638:O'Neill
3628:Goodwin
3593:Stevens
3573:Candler
3568:Claflin
3553:G. Hoar
3548:Baldwin
3518:Calhoun
3508:Lathrop
3498:Sampson
3493:Baylies
3478:Gardner
3453:F. Ames
3418:Capuano
3388:Maloney
3378:Roberts
3373:Barrett
3338:E. Hoar
3273:Hulbert
3268:Baylies
3258:Baylies
3238:Bullock
3233:Leonard
3223:Leonard
3203:Moulton
3198:Tierney
3158:Gardner
3063:Kendall
3048:Taggart
3033:Leonard
2983:Shannon
2953:B. Ames
2943:Stevens
2848:Lathrop
2823:Freeman
2773:Donohue
2758:Winslow
2743:Tirrell
2723:Collins
2698:A. Rice
2673:Palfrey
2643:Stearns
2548:Donohue
2538:Philbin
2528:F. Foss
2503:R. Hoar
2468:B. Dean
2443:A. Rice
2428:Damrell
2423:Edmands
2408:Cushing
2358:Mattoon
2303:Furcolo
2273:Gillett
2253:O. Ames
2243:Crocker
2233:Rantoul
2228:D. King
2203:Barstow
2198:Silsbee
2188:W. Reed
2183:Pickman
2168:Shepard
2138:Goodhue
2068:Randall
2033:Scudder
1973:Webster
1933:Skinner
1918:Goodhue
1908:F. Ames
1596:at the
1554:24 June
1397:24 June
1216:1872280
1091::
922:(1833);
848:of the
504:Alabama
416:
408:
54:improve
8055:Kafker
8050:Cypher
8020:Duffly
8000:Sosman
7950:Abrams
7945:Liacos
7935:Kaplan
7900:Cutter
7850:Lummus
7825:Jenney
7815:Pierce
7810:Crosby
7790:Braley
7785:Loring
7770:Barker
7750:Holmes
7730:Devens
7705:Devens
7685:Foster
7660:Thomas
7635:Forbes
7600:Putnam
7585:Parker
7570:Strong
7565:Sewall
7535:Sumner
7505:Foster
7499:Warren
7434:Oliver
7404:Graves
7384:Dudley
7379:Quincy
7369:Thomas
7359:Curwin
7344:Saffin
7339:Walley
7269:Liacos
7229:Holmes
7219:Morton
7194:Parker
7189:Sewall
7157:Oliver
7137:Dudley
7041:McCaul
7016:Berman
7011:Lantos
7001:Gilman
6981:Morgan
6976:Gordon
6926:Temple
6921:Porter
6906:Sulzer
6901:Foster
6876:Blount
6856:Curtin
6811:Corwin
6756:Howard
6741:Archer
6668:Buchan
6663:Costos
6643:Romero
6618:Enders
6613:Todman
6598:Rivero
6588:Wagner
6573:Biddle
6536:Bonsal
6531:Armour
6504:Bowers
6442:Storer
6432:Taylor
6417:Palmer
6402:Foster
6397:Hamlin
6387:Lowell
6362:Schurz
6332:Irving
6283:Nelson
6273:Erving
6268:Erving
6142:Baucus
6117:Sasser
6107:Lilley
6097:Hummel
6017:Wright
6002:Rankin
5984:Taipei
5968:Stuart
5963:Hurley
5862:Conger
5847:Angell
5842:Seward
5827:Browne
5794:Parker
5789:McLane
5771:Parker
5443:Holder
5348:Rogers
5323:Biddle
5313:Murphy
5283:Palmer
5248:Griggs
5238:Harmon
5228:Miller
5208:Devens
5178:Evarts
5133:Toucey
5118:Nelson
5113:Legaré
5103:Gilpin
5098:Grundy
5093:Butler
5063:Rodney
4960:Parris
4925:Conner
4890:Wilson
4863:Wilson
4743:Martin
4733:Greene
4708:Ilsley
4683:Martin
4658:Harris
4593:Carter
4578:Greene
4558:Eustis
4543:Seaver
4518:Studds
4498:Curley
4488:Powers
4473:Crosby
4453:Hodges
4433:Strong
4408:Larned
4343:Curley
4318:Peters
4308:Powers
4298:Draper
4273:Chapin
4233:Hobart
4203:Cutler
4163:Studds
4153:Martin
4148:Curtis
4143:Herter
4113:Murray
4108:Curley
4098:McNary
4093:Naphen
4083:Atwood
4053:Seelye
4033:Delano
4003:Borden
3993:Borden
3978:Bailey
3968:Morton
3933:Sewall
3843:Fuller
3833:Murray
3813:O'Neil
3758:Bailey
3743:Little
3738:Fowler
3713:Briggs
3698:Folger
3678:Bishop
3673:Varnum
3623:Healey
3598:McCall
3563:Warren
3503:Hobart
3463:Eustis
3413:Markey
3383:Phelan
3348:Butler
3343:Tarbox
3328:Brooks
3298:Briggs
3263:Turner
3253:Barker
3243:Bishop
3163:Lufkin
3128:Loring
3118:Butler
3083:Ashmun
3073:Alvord
3003:Markey
2993:Meehan
2988:Atkins
2973:Cronin
2928:Hayden
2918:Bowman
2903:Butler
2893:Hooper
2868:Hudson
2853:Sibley
2818:Bourne
2778:Drinan
2763:Stobbs
2753:Wilder
2733:Apsley
2728:O'Neil
2703:Hooper
2693:Comins
2688:Walley
2683:Sabine
2648:Fuller
2628:Varnum
2613:Foster
2573:Trahan
2543:Drinan
2518:Wilder
2493:Walker
2478:Ranney
2458:Pierce
2438:Thomas
2418:Duncan
2403:Osgood
2398:Nelson
2393:Varnum
2388:Nelson
2368:Nelson
2363:Cutler
2348:Coffin
2343:Bourne
2308:Boland
2298:Clason
2288:Kaynor
2283:Bowles
2258:Harris
2213:Choate
2143:Foster
2073:Wright
1988:Gorham
1978:Gorham
1968:Gorham
1953:Quincy
1948:Eustis
1923:Holten
1913:Dexter
1539:Online
1507:Online
1489:online
1471:(1996)
1464:(2005)
1377:844034
1375:
1222:
1214:
1179:
1085:
940:(1873)
934:(1840)
928:(1839)
916:(1833)
910:(1826)
826:Affair
789:Bogotá
513:Affair
506:Claims
490:Oregon
399:Spouse
368:, U.S.
351:, U.S.
43:, but
8070:Dewar
8030:Hines
8015:Gants
8005:Cordy
7995:Spina
7990:Cowin
7975:Fried
7960:Nolan
7955:Lynch
7870:Ronan
7865:Dolan
7720:Soule
7695:Wells
7605:Wilde
7555:Dawes
7550:Paine
7492:Paine
7459:Brown
7449:Ropes
7334:Cooke
7289:Gants
7259:Tauro
7163:Adams
7036:Meeks
7031:Engel
7026:Royce
6951:Bloom
6946:Eaton
6941:Bloom
6916:Flood
6841:Swann
6831:Myers
6826:Banks
6821:Davis
6791:Bayly
6771:Adams
6751:Mason
6746:Wayne
6633:Capen
6568:Lodge
6526:Hayes
6489:Moore
6484:Woods
6447:Hardy
6422:Grubb
6407:Curry
6352:Dodge
6347:Soulé
6315:Eaton
6253:Short
6152:Burns
6137:Locke
6127:Randt
6069:Gates
6059:Bruce
6027:Unger
5958:Gauss
5920:Crane
5857:Denby
5852:Young
5837:Avery
5765:Davis
5448:Lynch
5408:Meese
5403:Smith
5383:Saxbe
5293:Stone
5258:Moody
5233:Olney
5168:Speed
5163:Bates
5153:Black
5123:Mason
5088:Taney
4833:Bruce
4808:Walsh
4788:Brown
4738:Leach
4668:Olney
4633:Cutts
4608:Burke
4583:Weeks
4553:Dowse
4513:Keith
4493:Weeks
4423:Dewey
4418:Bacon
4358:Burke
4268:Dawes
4128:Tague
4118:Tague
4038:Dawes
3948:Upham
3903:Lynch
3893:Hicks
3883:Keith
3823:Conry
3653:Lynch
3543:Train
3538:Knapp
3513:Bates
3483:Green
3473:Green
3443:Grout
3358:Stone
3318:Gooch
3313:Banks
3153:Moody
3143:Lodge
3133:Stone
3113:Banks
3108:Gooch
3103:Alley
3093:Upham
3078:Baker
3058:Locke
3008:Clark
2933:Banks
2913:Banks
2908:Gooch
2898:Alley
2843:Mills
2783:Frank
2708:Frost
2558:Blute
2553:Early
2533:Casey
2523:Paige
2473:Field
2463:Field
2378:White
2338:Gerry
2178:Story
2098:Olver
2093:Conte
2058:Crapo
1963:Mason
1690:1844
1627:from
1425:. In
1373:JSTOR
1277:(PDF)
1220:S2CID
1212:JSTOR
1177:JSTOR
902:Works
486:Texas
465:from
410:(
406:
277:from
167:23rd
8045:Budd
8040:Lowy
8025:Lenk
7905:Kirk
7830:Wait
7800:Rugg
7715:Lord
7690:Ames
7680:Colt
7675:Gray
7665:Hoar
7540:Dana
7485:Reed
7294:Budd
7239:Rugg
7214:Gray
7199:Shaw
7179:Dana
7006:Hyde
6886:Hitt
6871:Hitt
6836:Orth
6603:Penn
6593:Hill
6583:Duke
6563:Dunn
6372:Hale
6320:Vail
6102:Lord
6064:Bush
6012:Kirk
5817:Ward
5812:Reed
5458:Barr
5423:Reno
5418:Barr
5393:Bell
5388:Levi
5253:Knox
5203:Taft
5183:Hoar
5078:Wirt
5073:Rush
4985:Cobb
4930:Gage
4853:Wood
4798:Hill
4773:Cook
4598:Luce
3938:Read
3863:Luce
3853:Luce
3733:Hale
3528:Mann
3458:Otis
3403:Lane
3333:Esty
3278:Shaw
2948:Knox
2638:Dana
2313:Neal
2263:Long
2103:Neal
2043:Hall
1787:1860
1758:1848
1754:1847
1556:2021
1399:2021
1342:2022
1311:2022
1285:2022
1259:2022
613:and
611:26th
607:25th
603:24th
494:Cuba
492:and
387:Whig
356:Died
336:Born
7860:Cox
7855:Qua
7249:Qua
6956:Kee
6846:Cox
6457:Ide
6236:Jay
6112:Roy
5832:Low
5516:of
5048:Lee
4793:Orr
4393:Lee
3793:Ely
2838:Ely
2238:Fay
1587:at
1365:doi
1334:269
1204:doi
1100:".
481:.
284:3rd
281:'s
8106::
1756:,
1574:.
1514:.
1450:.
1429:;
1371:.
1359:.
1332:.
1328:.
1301:.
1218:.
1210:.
1198:.
1173:58
1171:.
1145:.
1120:.
1058:^
1042:.
1012:^
978:.
799:.
791:,
736:.
718:.
621:.
609:,
605:,
593:.
557:.
515:.
488:,
430:AB
412:m.
7084:e
7077:t
7070:v
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6548:)
6544:(
6516:)
6512:(
6327:)
6323:(
6248:)
6244:(
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5986:)
5982:(
5894:)
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5886:(
5779:)
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1868:v
1580:.
1558:.
1491:.
1456:.
1401:.
1379:.
1367::
1361:5
1344:.
1313:.
1287:.
1261:.
1240:.
1226:.
1206::
1200:5
1183:.
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