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334:" Over the following two years, Roosevelt's investigators collected evidence, and over 1,000 politicians, businessmen, railroad executives, and others were indicted. Many were eventually tried and convicted on charges including fraud, bribery, and other corruption. The federal government sought return of the grant lands from the railroad not actually part of the right of way for the railroad line itself.
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In 1869, Congress changed how the grants were to be distributed, requiring the railroads to sell land along the line to settlers in 160-acre (65 ha) parcels at $ 2.50 per acre. The purpose of these restrictions was to encourage settlement and economic development, while compensating the O&C
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That elaborate money laundering and land fraud scheme was only the beginning: Southern
Pacific Railroad eventually abandoned the pretense of nonexistent settlers, and sold lands in large parcels directly to developers for as much as US$ 40 per acre. By 1902, with land prices soaring, the company
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back in U.S. federal government control, and compensated the company at an amount equivalent to what it would have received had it abided by the $ 2.50 per acre limit. Counties with O&C land also received revenue from timber and land sales to make up for the loss of local and state taxation
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As part of the U.S. government's desire to foster settlement and economic development in the western states, in July 1866, Congress passed the Oregon and
California Railroad Act, which made 3,700,000 acres (1,500,000 ha) of land available for a company that built a railroad from
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which has been renewed several times and includes other rural counties in the United States. As timber revenue on the O&C lands has declined over the years, counties have faced financial difficulty as they struggle to fill the revenue gap.
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waterfront district, and paying them to sign applications to purchase 160-acre (0.6 km) parcels of O&C lands as "settlers," then selling these fraudulent instruments in large blocks to corporate interests through corrupt middlemen.
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Railroad for its costs of construction. Construction efforts were sporadic, finally reaching completion in 1887 after the financially troubled O&C Railroad was acquired by the
Southern Pacific. The land was distributed in a
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decided that the railroad had been built as promised, so the railroad company should not be forced to completely forfeit the lands, despite having violated the terms of the grant. Congress responded in 1916, with the
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The Great
Northwest: A Guidebook and Itinerary for the Use of Tourists and Travellers Over the Lines of the Northern Pacific Railroad, the Oregon Railway and Navigation Company and the Oregon and California
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assumed control of the railroad, although it was not officially sold to
Southern Pacific until January 3, 1927. This route was eventually spun off from the Southern Pacific as the
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While construction was still ongoing, multiple charges of land fraud arose. The company was accused of rounding up individuals from saloons in
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and Steel bridges, and ultimately relocated to San
Francisco, where it was converted to an oil-fueled ferry the "Vallejo" and, later, a famous
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laid out for 20 miles (32 km) on either side of the rail corridor with the government retaining the alternate sections for future growth.
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From about 1870 to 1888, ferry service connected
Downtown Portland to the East Portland terminal. The original ferry service, established by
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revenue from the land. The law was modified in 1926 by the
Stanfield Act, by the 1937 O&C Act, and most recently, by the
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it had grown to such a magnitude that the paper reported that more than 75% of the land sales had violated federal law.
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in 1869. This qualified the railroad for land grants in
California, whereupon the name of the railroad soon changed to
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and one on the east side. The two lines would eventually merge and reorganize as the Oregon and
California Railroad.
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27:"O&C" redirects here. For the spacecraft factory and astronaut dormitory building at Kennedy Space Center, see
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637:"Rural Oregon counties scramble as timber payments dry up, while critics say it's time they paid for services"
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declared it was terminating land sales altogether. When the scandal broke in 1904 through an investigation by
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The Oregon and California railway. Faxon D.Atherton, a well known capitalist from San Francisco
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for each mile of track completed. Two companies, both of which named themselves the
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282:. The O&CRR Ferry #2 was rendered obsolete by the construction of the
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when it was the first to operate a 20-mile (32 km) stretch south of
522:"History of the O&C or Saving Oregon's Future (transcript of video)"
481:"O&C Sustained Yield Act: the Law, the Land, the Legacy (1937-1987)"
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193:
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Secure Rural Schools and Community Self-Determination Act of 2000
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Predecessors of the Southern Pacific Transportation Company
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1905 photo of "Old Betsy," an O&C locomotive, taken in
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clean up the O&C land fraud mess, once and for all!
658:"The History of the Oregon and California Railroad",
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By 1872, the railroad had extended from Portland to
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581:. Archived from the original on November 14, 2002.
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670:The History of the Oregon and California Railroad
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344:Oregon and California Railroad Revested Lands
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149:Oregon & California Rail Road Company
46:Oregon and California Railroad (red) and
1373:Railway companies disestablished in 1927
694:O&C Counties Historical Information
426:. London Daily News , January 18. 1871.
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151:. In 1887, the line was completed over
660:Oregon Historical Quarterly, Volume 25
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227:. Along the way, it created growth in
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18:California and Oregon Railroad Company
1368:Railway companies established in 1870
729:Pioneer history of Oregon (1806–1890)
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1353:History of transportation in Oregon
571:Lawrence Barber (August 22, 1954).
403:Central Oregon and Pacific Railroad
161:Central Oregon and Pacific Railroad
442:Tooltip Public Law (United States)
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635:Mortenson, Eric (March 4, 2012).
1363:Rail lines receiving land grants
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767:Oregon & California Railroad
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29:Operations and Checkout Building
1294:Oregon Steam Navigation Company
196:in 12,800-acre (5,200 ha)
192:, distributed by the state of
137:Oregon and California Railroad
35:Oregon and California Railroad
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1383:1870 establishments in Oregon
854:Russo-American Treaty of 1824
614:United States Forest Service
573:"Last stop for Ferry No. 2"
330:reforms, vowed in 1903 to "
290:, still in use as of 2013.
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901:Constitutional Convention
859:Willamette Cattle Company
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591:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
488:Bureau of Land Management
326:, as part of his plan of
300:Oregon land fraud scandal
157:Southern Pacific Railroad
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1348:Defunct Oregon railroads
527:. Jackson County, Oregon
322:Newly elected President
247:, new townsites such as
1027:Willamette Trading Post
884:Donation Land Claim Act
772:Oregon boundary dispute
547:"History of Oregon BLM"
294:Mismanagement and fraud
202:Oregon Central Railroad
141:Oregon Central Railroad
48:Southern Pacific system
1312:Native peoples history
1012:Thomas and Ruckle Road
824:Provisional Government
683:Oregon History Project
662:, retrieved 2023-11-12
393:Chamberlain-Ferris Act
355:Chamberlain-Ferris Act
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167:Land grants and growth
1088:Abigail Scott Duniway
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762:Hudson's Bay Company
742:American Fur Company
338:Revestiture of lands
214:checkerboard pattern
139:was formed from the
1208:Eliza Hart Spalding
819:Pacific Fur Company
787:Oregon missionaries
752:Executive Committee
357:. This law put the
50:(orange) as of 1918
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1378:Land use in Oregon
1153:Morton M. McCarver
1143:David Thomas Lenox
1007:Philip Foster Farm
911:Great Gale of 1880
747:Columbian exchange
398:Land use in Oregon
350:U.S. Supreme Court
324:Theodore Roosevelt
276:O&CRR Ferry #2
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75:Dates of operation
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1218:William Vandevert
1113:Cornelius Gilliam
1093:Thomas Lamb Eliot
1068:William H. Boring
1063:François Blanchet
992:Methodist Mission
864:Champoeg Meetings
668:The full text of
229:Willamette Valley
133:
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16:(Redirected from
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1238:Geo. H. Williams
1233:Narcissa Whitman
1043:George Abernethy
1017:Tualatin Academy
1002:Oregon Institute
896:Rogue River Wars
874:Whitman massacre
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1223:Elijah White
1123:Chief Joseph
1103:Peter French
972:Fort William
957:Fort Astoria
888:
814:Organic Laws
804:Oregon Trail
791:
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644:. Retrieved
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618:. Retrieved
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491:. Retrieved
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268:Steel Bridge
264:Ben Holladay
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177:Scio, Oregon
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1243:Ewing Young
1188:Joel Palmer
1168:Ezra Meeker
1163:Joseph Meek
1148:Asa Lovejoy
1108:Joseph Gale
1053:Ira Babcock
997:Oregon City
987:Meek Cutoff
962:Fort Dalles
937:Barlow Road
328:progressive
270:; in 1879,
198:land grants
99:Track gauge
1342:Categories
1203:Levi Scott
1178:John Minto
1133:H.A.G. Lee
1118:David Hill
1058:Sam Barlow
879:Cayuse War
456:, enacted
448:, 14
409:References
306:Portland's
241:Harrisburg
155:, and the
69:California
1138:Jason Lee
982:Linn City
906:Modoc War
587:cite news
288:houseboat
93:Technical
83:Successor
1260:Columbia
947:Champoeg
689:Railroad
646:March 6,
620:March 6,
556:March 6,
531:March 6,
493:March 6,
371:See also
284:Morrison
274:put the
257:Yoncalla
225:Roseburg
218:sections
145:Portland
118: in
56:Overview
1288:Gazelle
1274:Canemah
942:Canemah
757:Ferries
438:Pub. L.
253:Oakland
216:, with
113:⁄
1036:People
927:Albina
920:Places
842:Events
735:Topics
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446:39–242
444:
255:, and
239:, and
237:Aurora
194:Oregon
61:Locale
610:(PDF)
550:(PDF)
525:(PDF)
484:(PDF)
450:Stat.
249:Drain
233:Canby
648:2012
622:2012
593:link
558:2012
533:2012
495:2012
135:The
67:via
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