33:
434:, are among the most intelligent of animals. The brain-to-body mass ratio of adult scrub jays rivals that of chimpanzees and cetaceans, and is dwarfed only by that of humans. Scrub jays are also the only non-primate or non-dolphin shown to plan ahead for the future (known as metacognition), which was previously thought of as a uniquely human trait. Other studies have shown that they can remember locations of over 200 food caches, as well as the food item in each cache and its rate of decay. To protect their caches from pilfering conspecifics, scrub jays will choose locations out of sight of their competitors, or re-cache caches once they are alone, suggesting that they can take into account the perspective of others.
492:
810:
447:
508:
668:
875:
516:
231:
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97:
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cache-pilfering corvids) from a given area. However, jays have been observed employing raptor-mimicking calls without the presence of other birds, making the precise adaptive reason for this behavior unknown, though it may be two-fold. California scrub jays also summon others to screech over the body of a dead jay, according to research from the
University of California, Davis. The birds' cacophonous "funerals" can last for up to half an hour.
763:
72:
611:
500:
455:
fine roots and hair. Four to six eggs are laid from March through July, with some regional variations. There are two common shell color variations: pale green with irregular, olive-colored spots or markings; and pale grayish-white to green with reddish-brown spots. The female incubates the eggs for about 16 days. The young leave the nest about 18 days after hatching.
416:
instead of food, and hiding the cache once a scavenging bird is no longer watching; these behaviors are thought to vary based on the presence or absence of potential pilferers (like other corvids) as well as what kind of animal might pilfer the cache, implying strategic and socially complex motives behind different kinds of caching behavior.
454:
Nests are built low in trees or bushes, 1–10 m (3.3–32.8 ft) above the ground, primarily by the female, while the male guards her efforts. The nests are sturdy, with an outside diameter of 33–58 cm (13–23 in), constructed on a platform of twigs with moss and dry grasses lined with
410:
Anecdotally, scrub jays – and corvids more generally – are known for an attraction to, and thievery of, brightly colored objects. Recent research debunks, or at least casts doubt, on this idea. Corvids do, however, have a mischievous streak, and scrub jays are not above outright theft. They have been
398:
within their territories. They rely on highly accurate and complex memories to recover the hidden caches, often after long periods of time. In the process of collecting and storing this food, they have shown an ability to plan ahead in choosing cache sites to provide adequate food volume and variety
381:
California scrub jays usually forage in pairs, family groups, or small non-kin groups, outside of the breeding season. They feed on small animals, such as frogs and lizards, eggs and young of other birds, insects, and (particularly in winter) grains, nuts, and berries. They will also eat fruit and
343:
The
California scrub jay is a medium-sized bird, approximately 27–31 cm (11–12 in) in length (including its tail), with a 39 cm (15 in) wingspan, and about 80 g (2.8 oz) in weight. In general, this species has a blue head, wings, and tail; a gray-brown back; grayish
437:
Jays are able to mimic raptors like red-tailed and red-shouldered hawks with such accuracy that is can be difficult to distinguish between species using calls alone; possible explanations for this behavior include warning other jays about the presence of a predator or trying to deter birds (like
415:
caches. Some scrub jays snatch acorns from the hiding places of other jays. When these birds go to hide their own acorns, they check first that no other jays are watching. Other protection methods include moving the cache in the presence of an observer, storing inedible decoys like small stones
830:, with more intense purplish and brown coloration on head and back, respectively; prominent gray streaking on throat and distinct breast collar. Belly with smoky gray wash, lighter in the middle. Generally more intense coloration overall. Bill heavy.
779:
Blue of head usually strongly tinged purple. Back bluish-brownish gray, bluer towards the rump. Incomplete bluish-violet breast band. Underside greyish white, darker on the breast. Undertail coverts white tinged with blue. Thighs gray.
696:
but larger; color of head and neck varies in lightness and amount of purplish hue. Back grayish; undertail coverts usually white. Bill usually heavy but variable according to habitat type (less heavy in birds of pinyon woodland).
52:
537:
differ in plumage (paler blue above, with an indistinct and usually incomplete breast band) from
California scrub jay which is darker blue above with a strongly defined – but not necessarily complete – blue breast band.
1561:
Clayton, Nicola; Emery, Nathan & Dickinson, Anthony (2006). "The rationality of animal memory: Complex caching strategies of western scrub jays". In Hurley, Susan & Nudds, Matthew (eds.).
4210:
590:
group. Back usually quite brownish, underside and especially breast quite whitish, undertail coverts usually tinged pale blue or gray in males. Bill strong, wings and tail fairly short.
293:. The California scrub jay is nonmigratory and can be found in urban areas, where it can become tame and will come to bird feeders. While many refer to scrub jays as "blue jays", the
51:
4205:
4235:
4009:
1816:– University of Cambridge Comparative Psychology of Learning and Cognition Lab article on studies of the cognitive abilities of western scrub jays (Archived on the
527:
of a single "scrub jay" species. They are now believed to be distinct. Beyond the close relationship of the "California" and island scrub jays, resolution of their
4230:
4240:
4061:
4215:
4195:
1603:
Dalziell, Anastasia H.; Welbergen, Justin A.; Igic, Branislav; Magrath, Robert D. (30 July 2014). "Avian vocal mimicry: a unified conceptual framework".
32:
491:
4167:
3973:
4022:
1666:
Iglesias, T.L.; McElreath, R.; Patricelli, G.L. (2012). "Western scrub-jay funerals: Cacophonous aggregations in response to dead conspecifics".
1045:
809:
1094:
344:
underparts; and white eyebrows. The throat is whitish with a blue necklace. The call or "screech" is described as "harsh and scratchy".
1845:
1794:
630:, but head and back more intensely colored, with bright purplish tinge to blue of head. Color similar to nominate, thus darker than
370:
1301:
Shephard, T. V.; Lea, S. E. G.; Hempel De Ibarra, N. (2015). "'The thieving magpie'? No evidence for attraction to shiny objects".
1011:
4225:
40:
446:
834:
1813:
327:κόμη) "hair", in reference to the lack of striped or banded feathers in this genus, compared to other jays. The species name,
1572:
4027:
1143:
Raby, C. R.; D. M. Alexis; A. Dickinson; N. S. Clayton (22 February 2007). "Planning for the future by western scrub-jays".
1366:
1449:"Current desires of conspecifi c observers affect cache-protection strategies in California scrub-jays and Eurasian jays"
3874:
3924:
1997:
1007:
463:
The life span of wild
California scrub jays is approximately 9 years. The oldest known western scrub jay was found in
96:
4066:
3865:
915:
862:
507:
395:
1702:
3475:
3466:
2236:
919:
480:
4220:
4074:
2176:
3402:
2422:
534:
274:
503:
Note bright white plume breaking the breast band. Prominent markings in eye region are typical of male birds.
658:
208:
4079:
407:. Food-storing birds implement a number of strategies to protect their caches from potential 'pilferers.'
3911:
3827:
2365:
2227:
2128:
1838:
874:
705:
701:
602:
4113:
3929:
3097:
2245:
2057:
965:
741:
191:
2497:
667:
866:
3903:
3885:
3700:
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2554:
2356:
2347:
2185:
2106:
2097:
1517:
1460:
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1152:
646:
270:
515:
4200:
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2801:
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2599:
2545:
2338:
2254:
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2048:
858:
709:
464:
61:
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3754:
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3709:
3154:
3127:
2979:
2855:
2651:
2506:
2488:
2218:
2194:
1727:
1683:
1653:
1636:
1543:
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332:
91:
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565:
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2837:
2750:
2687:
2678:
2479:
2469:
1951:
1831:
1790:
1628:
1620:
1568:
1535:
1506:"Western scrub-jays anticipate future needs independently of their current motivational state"
1486:
1429:
1403:
1328:
1275:
1228:
1168:
1117:
1041:
1035:
725:
713:
598:
425:
286:
1588:
James, Ross D. (1988). "Blue Jays Mimic the Calls of Red-shouldered and Broad-winged Hawks".
4105:
3916:
3718:
3640:
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3508:
3393:
3034:
2970:
2741:
2660:
2066:
1807:
1762:
1719:
1710:
1675:
1654:
Scrub jays react to their dead, bird study shows: 'Funerals' can last for up to half an hour
1612:
1525:
1476:
1468:
1419:
1395:
1318:
1310:
1267:
1218:
1210:
1160:
1109:
1015:
960:
846:
792:
412:
282:
258:
230:
1199:"Social cognition by food-caching corvids. The western scrub-jay as a natural psychologist"
4087:
3613:
3595:
3210:
3200:
3070:
3043:
2572:
2563:
2301:
2030:
2021:
1817:
942:
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762:
476:
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for the future. Western scrub jays are also able to rely on their accurate observational
4131:
1521:
1464:
1354:
1263:
1203:
Philosophical
Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences
1156:
1068:
3658:
3429:
3277:
2714:
2581:
2310:
2075:
1988:
1481:
1448:
1424:
1383:
1223:
1198:
1034:
Arlott, N.; van Perlo, B.; Carrizo, G.; Mata, J.R.R.; Chiappe, A.A.; Huber, L. (2021).
800:
796:
404:
991:
Curry, Robert L.; Peterson, A. Townsend & Langen, T.A. (2002): Western Scrub Jay (
586:
due to gene flow from inland populations. Blue of head and neck less purplish than in
4189:
4035:
3763:
3745:
3052:
3025:
2873:
2771:
2669:
1942:
1897:
1767:
1746:
1640:
1562:
951:
838:
729:
654:
313:
254:
81:
76:
1823:
1687:
1287:
1129:
4158:
3649:
3586:
3333:
3106:
3000:
2943:
2891:
2819:
2780:
2723:
2696:
2536:
2292:
2158:
2039:
1547:
1247:
1180:
467:, in 1991 and raised in captivity. "Aaron" lived to be 19 years, and 8 months old.
357:
True to its name, the
California scrub jay inhabits areas of low scrub, preferring
3952:
3939:
1679:
1340:
1384:"Problems Faced by Food-Caching Corvids and the Evolution of Cognitive Solutions"
50:
4048:
3996:
3859:
3676:
3559:
3453:
3438:
3342:
3163:
2952:
2934:
2900:
2882:
2828:
2590:
2012:
733:
721:
650:
610:
594:
430:
Recent research has suggested that western scrub jays, along with several other
358:
499:
4126:
3794:
3604:
3523:
3490:
3371:
3324:
3315:
3079:
2864:
2810:
2325:
1979:
1891:
1885:
1530:
1505:
1472:
1314:
642:, blue areas more purplish and brighter, breast darker than rest of underside.
524:
262:
168:
3850:
1745:
Rice, Nathan H.; Martínez-Meyer, Enrique & Peterson, A. Townsend (2003).
1624:
1407:
1369:? Kaeli Swift. CorvidResearch.blog. 4 December 2015. Retrieved on 2021-08-01.
495:
California scrub jay showing the well-marked breast band of the coastal races
3736:
3691:
3667:
3631:
3550:
3268:
3145:
3136:
3088:
2732:
1271:
781:
528:
523:
Woodhouse's, California, Island, and
Florida scrub jay were once considered
250:
148:
108:
1632:
1539:
1490:
1433:
1399:
1332:
1279:
1232:
1214:
1172:
1121:
688:
Quite variable according to the extent of gene flow between this taxon and
1095:"Mental Time Travel: Can animals recall the past and plan for the future?"
4152:
4092:
3844:
3499:
3243:
3181:
2454:
2283:
2209:
1913:
1873:
1867:
1855:
294:
158:
128:
1415:
1164:
788:
dark blue, the larger feathers duller. Bill heavy, tip strongly hooked.
4172:
3978:
3898:
3191:
2387:
1969:
1731:
1323:
785:
431:
391:
362:
4001:
1616:
2628:
2526:
2148:
1933:
1248:"Food-caching western scrub-jays keep track of who was watching when"
854:
745:
400:
266:
118:
3965:
3821:
1723:
1113:
1019:
895:. Bill not as heavy. Apparently an isolate of hybrid origin between
1786:
Crows and jays: a guide to the crows, jays and magpies of the world
1357:
Kevin J. McGowan, Cornell Lab of
Ornithology. Retrieved 2021-08-01.
3960:
514:
506:
498:
490:
445:
310:
2618:
1879:
1656:. Sciencedaily.com (11 September 2012). Retrieved on 2013-03-22.
138:
3825:
3240:
2451:
1910:
1827:
1014:, Washington, D.C. Online version, retrieved 25 February 2007.
3361:
3305:
2273:
582:
A large subspecies. Somewhat duller and lighter in color than
366:
1703:"A fossil scrub-jay supports a recent systematic decision"
1093:
Clayton, N. S.; Bussey, T. J. & Dickinson, A. (2003).
1037:
The
Complete Birds of the World: Every Species Illustrated
1246:
Dally, J. M.; Emery, N. J. & Clayton, N. S. (2006).
1197:
Clayton, N. S.; Dally, J. M. & Emery, N. J. (2007).
1355:
https://www.birds.cornell.edu/crows/crowfaq.htm#shiny
4142:
3834:
3785:
3689:
3521:
3488:
3451:
3369:
3359:
3313:
3303:
3266:
3257:
3189:
3180:
2626:
2616:
2534:
2523:
2477:
2468:
2413:
2404:
2378:
2323:
2281:
2271:
2207:
2156:
2145:
2119:
2088:
2010:
1977:
1968:
1931:
1924:
966:
10.2305/IUCN.UK.2017-1.RLTS.T103727785A112293863.en
394:, exploit ephemeral surpluses by storing food in
273:. The California scrub jay was once lumped with
1367:Crow curiosities: Do crows collect shiny objects
475:Populations are being adversely affected by the
4211:Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
1504:Correia, SP; Dickinson, A; Clayton, NS (2007).
1388:Philosophical Transactions: Biological Sciences
1839:
1567:. Oxford University Press. pp. 197–216.
8:
1382:Grodzinski, Uri; Clayton, Nicola S. (2010).
43:, Richmond, Contra Costa County, California
1040:. Princeton University Press. p. 388.
3822:
3366:
3310:
3263:
3254:
3237:
3186:
2623:
2531:
2474:
2465:
2448:
2410:
2278:
2153:
1974:
1928:
1921:
1907:
1846:
1832:
1824:
1192:
1190:
229:
70:
48:
31:
22:
4206:Native birds of the Western United States
1766:
1755:Biological Journal of the Linnean Society
1747:"Ecological niche differentiation in the
1529:
1480:
1423:
1322:
1222:
964:
541:The following subspecies are recognized:
297:is a different species of bird entirely.
4236:Least concern biota of the United States
543:
511:California scrub jay fledgling being fed
987:
985:
983:
933:
390:California scrub jays, like many other
1029:
1027:
4231:Taxa named by Nicholas Aylward Vigors
1377:
1375:
837:, some isolated mountain ranges in W
373:. It also inhabits suburban gardens.
281:. The group was also lumped with the
7:
4241:Least concern biota of North America
4216:Fauna of the San Francisco Bay Area
4196:IUCN Red List least concern species
1784:Madge, Steve; Burn, Hilary (1994):
952:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
531:history has proven very difficult.
289:; the taxon was then called simply
769:Aphelocoma californica californica
403:to steal food from caches made by
18:Species of bird in the crow family
14:
1808:Western scrub jay Species Account
1751:jays: a phylogenetic perspective"
999:Poole, A. & Gill, F. (eds.):
891:Smaller, lighter and grayer than
674:Aphelocoma californica oocleptica
382:vegetables growing in backyards.
1814:It takes a thief to know a thief
1768:10.1046/j.1095-8312.2003.00242.x
1353:Do crows collect shiny objects?
873:
808:
761:
666:
609:
564:
319:(from ἀφελής-) "simple" + Latin
95:
41:Sobrante Ridge Regional Preserve
941:BirdLife International (2017).
835:Little San Bernardino Mountains
833:Coastal SW California, east to
479:, particularly in California's
1012:American Ornithologists' Union
816:Aphelocoma californica obscura
617:Aphelocoma californica caurina
572:Aphelocoma californica immanis
519:California scrub jay in flight
411:observed stealing acorns from
1:
1998:Black racket-tailed treepie (
1680:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.08.007
791:California Coast Ranges from
748:), where it intergrades with
720:and surrounding mountains to
1810:– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
1102:Nature Reviews. Neuroscience
681:Nicasio scrub jay (includes
277:and collectively called the
3476:White-throated Magpie-jay (
3467:Black-throated magpie-jay (
2237:Yellow-billed blue magpie (
1008:Academy of Natural Sciences
881:Aphelocoma californica cana
450:Juvenile in California, USA
4257:
2177:Indochinese green magpie (
1701:Emslie, Steven D. (1996).
1001:The Birds of North America
959:: e.T103727785A112293863.
657:; eastern limit the inner
423:
257:. It ranges from southern
3253:
3236:
2464:
2447:
1920:
1906:
1862:
1854:Extant species of family
1788:. A&C Black, London.
1531:10.1016/j.cub.2007.03.063
1473:10.1016/j.cub.2016.11.020
1315:10.1007/s10071-014-0794-4
1010:, Philadelphia, PA &
920:Joshua Tree National Park
269:near Reno to west of the
228:
221:
216:
197:
190:
92:Scientific classification
90:
68:
59:
47:
39:
30:
25:
2228:Red-billed blue magpie (
2129:Ratchet-tailed treepie (
888:Eagle Mountain scrub jay
849:). Southwards through N
826:Smaller and darker than
4226:Birds described in 1839
3403:Woodhouse's scrub jay (
3098:Hispaniolan palm crow (
2423:Stresemann's bushcrow (
2246:Sri Lanka blue magpie (
2058:White-bellied treepie (
1272:10.1126/science.1126539
863:Sierra San Pedro Mártir
692:. Generally similar to
659:California Coast Ranges
645:Coastal SW Oregon from
638:. Relative to nominate
371:mixed evergreen forests
335:for "from California".
4132:Aphelocoma-californica
3891:Aphelocoma_californica
3866:Aphelocoma californica
3836:Aphelocoma californica
3701:Silvery-throated jay (
3385:California scrub jay (
2962:Eastern carrion crow (
2555:Yellow-billed magpie (
2357:Turkestan ground jay (
2348:Mongolian ground jay (
2186:Bornean green magpie (
2107:Bornean black magpie (
2098:Malayan black magpie (
1400:10.1098/rstb.2009.0210
1215:10.1098/rstb.2006.1992
1069:"California Scrub-Jay"
993:Aphelocoma californica
945:Aphelocoma californica
603:Douglas County, Oregon
520:
512:
504:
496:
451:
246:Aphelocoma californica
201:Aphelocoma californica
4144:Garrulus californicus
4114:Paleobiology Database
3542:Purplish-backed jay (
3287:Azure-winged magpie (
2847:Eastern jungle crow (
2802:Slender-billed crow (
2706:New Caledonian crow (
2600:Black-rumped magpie (
2546:Black-billed magpie (
2339:Xinjiang ground jay (
2255:White-winged magpie (
2168:Common green magpie (
2049:Black-faced treepie (
535:Woodhouse's scrub jay
518:
510:
502:
494:
449:
275:Woodhouse's scrub jay
26:California scrub jay
3989:california-scrub-jay
3773:White-collared jay (
3755:Black-throated jay (
3728:White-throated jay (
3710:Black-collared jay (
3155:Thick-billed raven (
3128:White-necked raven (
2980:Brown-necked raven (
2856:Indian jungle crow (
2507:Kashmir nutcracker (
2498:Clark's nutcracker (
2489:Spotted nutcracker (
2366:Iranian ground jay (
2219:Taiwan blue magpie (
2195:Javan green magpie (
1592:. April 1988: 11–14.
1447:Ostojić, L. (2017).
776:California scrub jay
369:woods, and edges of
241:California scrub jay
3623:Bushy-crested jay (
3569:Plush-crested jay (
3533:Black-chested jay (
3421:Transvolcanic jay (
3412:Florida scrub jay (
3062:White-necked crow (
2926:Mesopotamian crow (
2838:Large-billed crow (
2751:White-billed crow (
2688:Bougainville crow (
2679:Brown-headed crow (
1952:Red-billed chough (
1522:2007CBio...17..856C
1465:2017CBio...27..R51O
1264:2006Sci...312.1662D
1165:10.1038/nature05575
1157:2007Natur.445..919R
823:Belding's scrub jay
718:San Joaquin Valleys
465:Castaic, California
183:A. californica
62:Conservation status
3719:Azure-hooded jay (
3641:White-tailed jay (
3578:Curl-crested jay (
3394:Island scrub jay (
3035:Chihuahuan raven (
2971:Fan-tailed raven (
2742:Long-billed crow (
2661:Australian raven (
2067:Sumatran treepie (
1605:Biological Reviews
912:single-leaf pinyon
738:Virginia Mountains
712:, Oregon, through
683:A. c. superciliosa
579:Interior scrub jay
521:
513:
505:
497:
452:
305:The generic name,
253:native to western
249:) is a species of
4183:
4182:
4101:Open Tree of Life
3828:Taxon identifiers
3819:
3818:
3815:
3814:
3811:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3614:Azure-naped jay (
3596:White-naped jay (
3355:
3354:
3299:
3298:
3232:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3224:
3223:
3176:
3175:
3071:Cuban palm crow (
3064:C. leucognaphalus
3044:Tamaulipas crow (
3028:C. brachyrhynchos
2612:
2611:
2573:Oriental magpie (
2564:Eurasian magpie (
2519:
2518:
2443:
2442:
2439:
2438:
2435:
2434:
2400:
2399:
2302:Lanceolated jay (
2267:
2266:
2230:U. erythrorhyncha
2141:
2140:
2031:Bornean treepie (
2022:Andaman treepie (
1964:
1963:
1797:
1617:10.1111/brv.12129
1564:Rational Animals?
1394:(1542): 977–987.
1151:(7130): 919–921.
1047:978-0-691-19392-2
926:
925:
885:
820:
773:
726:San Francisco Bay
678:
621:
599:Willamette Valley
576:
426:Bird intelligence
287:Florida scrub jay
279:western scrub jay
237:
236:
85:
53:
4248:
4176:
4175:
4163:
4162:
4161:
4135:
4134:
4122:
4121:
4109:
4108:
4096:
4095:
4083:
4082:
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4044:
4043:
4031:
4030:
4018:
4017:
4005:
4004:
3992:
3991:
3982:
3981:
3969:
3968:
3956:
3955:
3943:
3942:
3933:
3932:
3920:
3919:
3907:
3906:
3904:151C2B3F0AB3B30F
3894:
3893:
3881:
3880:
3870:
3869:
3868:
3855:
3854:
3853:
3823:
3797:G. cyanocephalus
3659:Violaceous jay (
3625:C. melanocyaneus
3460:
3430:Unicolored jay (
3378:
3367:
3311:
3278:Iberian magpie (
3264:
3255:
3248:
3238:
3187:
3157:C. crassirostris
3124:
3120:Tropical African
3022:
3018:Central American
2997:
2922:
2840:C. macrorhynchos
2798:
2768:
2715:Torresian crow (
2681:C. fuscicapillus
2648:
2624:
2582:Maghreb magpie (
2532:
2509:N. multipunctata
2491:N. caryocatactes
2475:
2466:
2459:
2449:
2411:
2332:
2279:
2154:
2076:Rufous treepie (
1989:Hooded treepie (
1975:
1929:
1922:
1908:
1848:
1841:
1834:
1825:
1789:
1773:
1772:
1770:
1742:
1736:
1735:
1707:
1698:
1692:
1691:
1674:(5): 1103–1111.
1668:Animal Behaviour
1663:
1657:
1651:
1645:
1644:
1600:
1594:
1593:
1585:
1579:
1578:
1558:
1552:
1551:
1533:
1501:
1495:
1494:
1484:
1444:
1438:
1437:
1427:
1379:
1370:
1364:
1358:
1351:
1345:
1344:
1326:
1303:Animal Cognition
1298:
1292:
1291:
1258:(5780): 1662–5.
1243:
1237:
1236:
1226:
1209:(1480): 507–22.
1194:
1185:
1184:
1140:
1134:
1133:
1099:
1090:
1084:
1083:
1081:
1079:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1054:
1031:
1022:
989:
978:
977:
975:
973:
968:
938:
883:
877:
867:Todos Santos Bay
859:Sierra de Juárez
847:San Diego County
818:
812:
793:San Mateo County
771:
765:
676:
670:
649:valley south to
619:
613:
574:
568:
544:
413:acorn woodpecker
401:spatial memories
396:scattered caches
283:island scrub jay
259:British Columbia
233:
203:
100:
99:
79:
74:
73:
55:
54:
35:
23:
4256:
4255:
4251:
4250:
4249:
4247:
4246:
4245:
4221:Birds of Mexico
4186:
4185:
4184:
4179:
4171:
4166:
4157:
4156:
4151:
4138:
4130:
4125:
4117:
4112:
4104:
4099:
4091:
4088:Observation.org
4086:
4078:
4073:
4065:
4060:
4052:
4047:
4039:
4034:
4026:
4021:
4013:
4008:
4000:
3995:
3987:
3985:
3977:
3972:
3964:
3959:
3951:
3946:
3938:
3936:
3928:
3923:
3915:
3910:
3902:
3897:
3889:
3884:
3878:
3873:
3864:
3863:
3858:
3849:
3848:
3843:
3830:
3820:
3803:
3781:
3764:Turquoise jay (
3746:Beautiful jay (
3685:
3652:C. sanblasianus
3580:C. cristatellus
3517:
3509:Steller's jay (
3484:
3458:
3457:
3447:
3414:A. coerulescens
3376:
3375:
3351:
3345:P. internigrans
3295:
3259:
3249:
3246:
3220:
3211:Western jackdaw
3201:Daurian jackdaw
3172:
3117:
3107:Sinaloan crow (
3053:Jamaican crow (
3037:C. cryptoleucus
3026:American crow (
3011:
2990:
2911:
2874:Collared crow (
2849:C. levaillantii
2791:
2772:Hawaiian crow (
2761:
2708:C. moneduloides
2670:Bismarck crow (
2637:
2608:
2525:
2515:
2460:
2457:
2431:
2406:
2396:
2374:
2330:
2329:
2319:
2263:
2239:U. flavirostris
2203:
2147:
2137:
2115:
2084:
2006:
1960:
1943:Alpine chough (
1916:
1902:
1858:
1852:
1818:Wayback Machine
1804:
1781:
1779:Further reading
1776:
1744:
1743:
1739:
1724:10.2307/1369850
1705:
1700:
1699:
1695:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1652:
1648:
1602:
1601:
1597:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1575:
1560:
1559:
1555:
1510:Current Biology
1503:
1502:
1498:
1453:Current Biology
1446:
1445:
1441:
1381:
1380:
1373:
1365:
1361:
1352:
1348:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1245:
1244:
1240:
1196:
1195:
1188:
1142:
1141:
1137:
1114:10.1038/nrn1180
1097:
1092:
1091:
1087:
1077:
1075:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1052:
1050:
1048:
1033:
1032:
1025:
1020:10.2173/bna.712
990:
981:
971:
969:
940:
939:
935:
931:
910:Only occurs in
851:Baja California
732:. Eastwards to
655:Sonoma Counties
489:
477:West Nile virus
473:
461:
444:
428:
422:
388:
379:
355:
350:
341:
309:, derives from
303:
212:
205:
199:
186:
94:
86:
75:
71:
64:
49:
19:
12:
11:
5:
4254:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4223:
4218:
4213:
4208:
4203:
4198:
4188:
4187:
4181:
4180:
4178:
4177:
4164:
4148:
4146:
4140:
4139:
4137:
4136:
4123:
4110:
4097:
4084:
4071:
4058:
4045:
4032:
4019:
4006:
3993:
3983:
3970:
3957:
3944:
3934:
3921:
3908:
3895:
3882:
3871:
3856:
3840:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3826:
3817:
3816:
3813:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3805:
3804:
3802:
3801:
3791:
3789:
3783:
3782:
3780:
3779:
3775:C. viridicyana
3770:
3761:
3752:
3743:
3734:
3725:
3716:
3707:
3703:C. argentigula
3697:
3695:
3687:
3686:
3684:
3683:
3679:C. yucatanicus
3674:
3665:
3656:
3650:San Blas jay (
3647:
3638:
3629:
3620:
3611:
3602:
3593:
3587:Purplish jay (
3584:
3575:
3566:
3557:
3548:
3539:
3529:
3527:
3519:
3518:
3516:
3515:
3506:
3496:
3494:
3486:
3485:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3463:
3461:
3449:
3448:
3446:
3445:
3436:
3427:
3423:A. ultramarina
3418:
3409:
3405:A. woodhouseii
3400:
3391:
3387:A. californica
3381:
3379:
3364:
3357:
3356:
3353:
3352:
3350:
3349:
3340:
3334:Siberian jay (
3331:
3321:
3319:
3308:
3301:
3300:
3297:
3296:
3294:
3293:
3284:
3274:
3272:
3261:
3251:
3250:
3241:
3234:
3233:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3225:
3222:
3221:
3219:
3218:
3208:
3197:
3195:
3184:
3178:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3171:
3170:
3161:
3152:
3143:
3134:
3125:
3114:
3113:
3104:
3095:
3086:
3077:
3068:
3059:
3055:C. jamaicensis
3050:
3041:
3032:
3023:
3008:
3007:
3001:Common raven (
2998:
2987:
2986:
2977:
2968:
2959:
2950:
2944:Carrion crow (
2941:
2932:
2923:
2908:
2907:
2898:
2892:Banggai crow (
2889:
2880:
2871:
2862:
2853:
2844:
2835:
2826:
2820:Palawan crow (
2817:
2808:
2799:
2794:Tropical Asian
2788:
2787:
2781:Mariana crow (
2778:
2774:C. hawaiiensis
2769:
2764:Pacific island
2758:
2757:
2748:
2739:
2730:
2724:Forest raven (
2721:
2712:
2703:
2697:Little raven (
2694:
2685:
2676:
2667:
2658:
2649:
2634:
2632:
2621:
2614:
2613:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2606:
2602:P. bottanensis
2597:
2588:
2584:P. mauritanica
2579:
2570:
2561:
2552:
2542:
2540:
2529:
2521:
2520:
2517:
2516:
2514:
2513:
2504:
2495:
2485:
2483:
2472:
2462:
2461:
2452:
2445:
2444:
2441:
2440:
2437:
2436:
2433:
2432:
2430:
2429:
2425:Z. stresemanni
2419:
2417:
2415:Zavattariornis
2408:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2397:
2395:
2394:
2384:
2382:
2376:
2375:
2373:
2372:
2363:
2354:
2345:
2335:
2333:
2321:
2320:
2318:
2317:
2308:
2304:G. lanceolatus
2299:
2293:Eurasian jay (
2289:
2287:
2276:
2269:
2268:
2265:
2264:
2262:
2261:
2252:
2243:
2234:
2225:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2201:
2192:
2183:
2174:
2164:
2162:
2151:
2143:
2142:
2139:
2138:
2136:
2135:
2125:
2123:
2117:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2104:
2100:P. leucopterus
2094:
2092:
2086:
2085:
2083:
2082:
2073:
2069:D. occipitalis
2064:
2060:D. leucogastra
2055:
2046:
2040:Grey treepie (
2037:
2033:D. cinerascens
2028:
2018:
2016:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1995:
1985:
1983:
1972:
1966:
1965:
1962:
1961:
1959:
1958:
1954:P. pyrrhocorax
1949:
1939:
1937:
1926:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1904:
1903:
1901:
1900:
1894:
1888:
1882:
1876:
1870:
1863:
1860:
1859:
1853:
1851:
1850:
1843:
1836:
1828:
1822:
1821:
1811:
1803:
1802:External links
1800:
1799:
1798:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1774:
1761:(3): 369–383.
1737:
1718:(4): 675–680.
1693:
1658:
1646:
1611:(2): 643–668.
1595:
1580:
1573:
1553:
1516:(10): 856–61.
1496:
1439:
1371:
1359:
1346:
1309:(1): 393–397.
1293:
1238:
1186:
1135:
1085:
1060:
1046:
1023:
979:
932:
930:
927:
924:
923:
916:Eagle Mountain
908:
889:
886:
878:
870:
869:
831:
824:
821:
813:
805:
804:
801:Ventura County
797:Alameda County
789:
777:
774:
772:(Vigors, 1839)
766:
758:
757:
698:
686:
679:
671:
663:
662:
643:
624:
622:
614:
606:
605:
591:
580:
577:
575:Grinnell, 1901
569:
561:
560:
557:
554:
551:
548:
488:
485:
481:Central Valley
472:
469:
460:
457:
443:
440:
424:Main article:
421:
418:
387:
384:
378:
375:
354:
351:
349:
346:
340:
337:
302:
299:
235:
234:
226:
225:
219:
218:
214:
213:
206:
195:
194:
188:
187:
180:
178:
174:
173:
166:
162:
161:
156:
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151:
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142:
141:
136:
132:
131:
126:
122:
121:
116:
112:
111:
106:
102:
101:
88:
87:
69:
66:
65:
60:
57:
56:
45:
44:
37:
36:
28:
27:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4253:
4242:
4239:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4222:
4219:
4217:
4214:
4212:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4199:
4197:
4194:
4193:
4191:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4160:
4154:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4145:
4141:
4133:
4128:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4111:
4107:
4102:
4098:
4094:
4089:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4072:
4068:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4050:
4046:
4042:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4024:
4020:
4016:
4011:
4007:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3990:
3984:
3980:
3975:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3958:
3954:
3949:
3945:
3941:
3935:
3931:
3926:
3922:
3918:
3913:
3909:
3905:
3900:
3896:
3892:
3887:
3883:
3876:
3872:
3867:
3861:
3857:
3852:
3846:
3842:
3841:
3839:
3837:
3833:
3829:
3824:
3800:
3798:
3793:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3784:
3778:
3776:
3771:
3769:
3767:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3744:
3742:
3740:
3735:
3733:
3731:
3726:
3724:
3722:
3717:
3715:
3713:
3708:
3706:
3704:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3688:
3682:
3680:
3677:Yucatan jay (
3675:
3673:
3671:
3666:
3664:
3662:
3657:
3655:
3653:
3648:
3646:
3644:
3643:C. mystacalis
3639:
3637:
3635:
3630:
3628:
3626:
3621:
3619:
3617:
3612:
3610:
3608:
3603:
3601:
3599:
3598:C. cyanopogon
3594:
3592:
3590:
3589:C. cyanomelas
3585:
3583:
3581:
3576:
3574:
3572:
3567:
3565:
3563:
3560:Cayenne jay (
3558:
3556:
3554:
3549:
3547:
3545:
3540:
3538:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3507:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3497:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3481:
3479:
3474:
3472:
3470:
3465:
3464:
3462:
3459:(Magpie-Jays)
3456:
3455:
3450:
3444:
3442:
3441:A. wollweberi
3439:Mexican jay (
3437:
3435:
3433:
3428:
3426:
3424:
3419:
3417:
3415:
3410:
3408:
3406:
3401:
3399:
3397:
3392:
3390:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3380:
3374:
3373:
3368:
3365:
3363:
3358:
3348:
3346:
3343:Sichuan jay (
3341:
3339:
3337:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3327:P. canadensis
3323:
3322:
3320:
3318:
3317:
3312:
3309:
3307:
3302:
3292:
3290:
3285:
3283:
3281:
3276:
3275:
3273:
3271:
3270:
3265:
3262:
3256:
3252:
3245:
3239:
3235:
3216:
3212:
3209:
3206:
3202:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3194:
3193:
3188:
3185:
3183:
3179:
3169:
3167:
3164:Somali crow (
3162:
3160:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3149:
3144:
3142:
3140:
3135:
3133:
3131:
3130:C. albicollis
3126:
3123:
3121:
3116:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3105:
3103:
3101:
3096:
3094:
3092:
3091:C. ossifragus
3087:
3085:
3083:
3078:
3076:
3074:
3069:
3067:
3065:
3060:
3058:
3056:
3051:
3049:
3047:
3042:
3040:
3038:
3033:
3031:
3029:
3024:
3021:
3019:
3015:
3010:
3009:
3006:
3004:
2999:
2996:
2994:
2989:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2982:C. ruficollis
2978:
2976:
2974:
2973:C. rhipidurus
2969:
2967:
2965:
2964:C. orientalis
2960:
2958:
2956:
2955:C. frugilegus
2951:
2949:
2947:
2942:
2940:
2938:
2935:Hooded crow (
2933:
2931:
2929:
2928:C. capellanus
2924:
2921:
2919:
2918:North African
2915:
2910:
2909:
2906:
2904:
2901:Violet crow (
2899:
2897:
2895:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2883:Piping crow (
2881:
2879:
2877:
2872:
2870:
2868:
2863:
2861:
2859:
2858:C. culminatus
2854:
2852:
2850:
2845:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2834:
2832:
2829:Flores crow (
2827:
2825:
2823:
2818:
2816:
2814:
2813:C. samarensis
2809:
2807:
2805:
2800:
2797:
2795:
2790:
2789:
2786:
2784:
2779:
2777:
2775:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2760:
2759:
2756:
2754:
2749:
2747:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2731:
2729:
2727:
2726:C. tasmanicus
2722:
2720:
2718:
2713:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2702:
2700:
2695:
2693:
2691:
2686:
2684:
2682:
2677:
2675:
2673:
2668:
2666:
2664:
2663:C. coronoides
2659:
2657:
2655:
2652:Little crow (
2650:
2647:
2645:
2641:
2636:
2635:
2633:
2631:
2630:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2615:
2605:
2603:
2598:
2596:
2594:
2591:Asir magpie (
2589:
2587:
2585:
2580:
2578:
2576:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2562:
2560:
2558:
2553:
2551:
2549:
2544:
2543:
2541:
2539:
2538:
2533:
2530:
2528:
2522:
2512:
2510:
2505:
2503:
2501:
2500:N. columbiana
2496:
2494:
2492:
2487:
2486:
2484:
2482:
2481:
2476:
2473:
2471:
2467:
2463:
2456:
2450:
2446:
2428:
2426:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2412:
2409:
2403:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2377:
2371:
2369:
2364:
2362:
2360:
2355:
2353:
2351:
2350:P. hendersoni
2346:
2344:
2342:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2331:(Ground jays)
2328:
2327:
2322:
2316:
2314:
2311:Lidth's jay (
2309:
2307:
2305:
2300:
2298:
2296:
2295:G. glandarius
2291:
2290:
2288:
2286:
2285:
2280:
2277:
2275:
2270:
2260:
2258:
2257:U. whiteheadi
2253:
2251:
2249:
2244:
2242:
2240:
2235:
2233:
2231:
2226:
2224:
2222:
2217:
2216:
2214:
2212:
2211:
2206:
2200:
2198:
2197:C. thalassina
2193:
2191:
2189:
2184:
2182:
2180:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2166:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2160:
2155:
2152:
2150:
2144:
2134:
2132:
2127:
2126:
2124:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2110:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2096:
2095:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2081:
2079:
2074:
2072:
2070:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2056:
2054:
2052:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2038:
2036:
2034:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2020:
2019:
2017:
2015:
2014:
2009:
2003:
2001:
1996:
1994:
1992:
1987:
1986:
1984:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1957:
1955:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1941:
1940:
1938:
1936:
1935:
1930:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1909:
1905:
1899:
1898:Passeriformes
1895:
1893:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1881:
1877:
1875:
1871:
1869:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1857:
1849:
1844:
1842:
1837:
1835:
1830:
1829:
1826:
1819:
1815:
1812:
1809:
1806:
1805:
1801:
1796:
1795:0-7136-3999-7
1792:
1787:
1783:
1782:
1778:
1769:
1764:
1760:
1756:
1752:
1750:
1741:
1738:
1733:
1729:
1725:
1721:
1717:
1713:
1712:
1704:
1697:
1694:
1689:
1685:
1681:
1677:
1673:
1669:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1650:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1626:
1622:
1618:
1614:
1610:
1606:
1599:
1596:
1591:
1590:Ontario Birds
1584:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1557:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1511:
1507:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1488:
1483:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1450:
1443:
1440:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1376:
1372:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1342:
1338:
1334:
1330:
1325:
1320:
1316:
1312:
1308:
1304:
1297:
1294:
1289:
1285:
1281:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1257:
1253:
1249:
1242:
1239:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1193:
1191:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1154:
1150:
1146:
1139:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:(8): 685–91.
1107:
1103:
1096:
1089:
1086:
1074:
1070:
1064:
1061:
1049:
1043:
1039:
1038:
1030:
1028:
1024:
1021:
1017:
1013:
1009:
1005:
1002:
998:
994:
988:
986:
984:
980:
967:
962:
958:
954:
953:
948:
946:
937:
934:
928:
921:
917:
913:
909:
906:
902:
898:
897:A. c. obscura
894:
890:
887:
884:Pitelka, 1951
882:
879:
876:
872:
871:
868:
864:
860:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
839:Mojave Desert
836:
832:
829:
825:
822:
819:Anthony, 1889
817:
814:
811:
807:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
787:
783:
778:
775:
770:
767:
764:
760:
759:
755:
751:
747:
743:
742:Washoe County
739:
735:
731:
730:Alpine County
727:
723:
719:
715:
711:
710:Lake Counties
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:
680:
675:
672:
669:
665:
664:
660:
656:
652:
648:
644:
641:
637:
633:
629:
625:
623:
620:Pitelka, 1951
618:
615:
612:
608:
607:
604:
600:
596:
592:
589:
585:
581:
578:
573:
570:
567:
563:
562:
559:Distribution
558:
555:
552:
549:
546:
545:
542:
539:
536:
532:
530:
526:
517:
509:
501:
493:
486:
484:
482:
478:
470:
468:
466:
458:
456:
448:
441:
439:
435:
433:
427:
419:
417:
414:
408:
406:
402:
397:
393:
385:
383:
376:
374:
372:
368:
364:
360:
352:
347:
345:
338:
336:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
315:
314:Ancient Greek
312:
308:
300:
298:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
272:
271:Sierra Nevada
268:
264:
260:
256:
255:North America
252:
248:
247:
242:
232:
227:
224:
220:
215:
210:
204:
202:
196:
193:
192:Binomial name
189:
185:
184:
179:
176:
175:
172:
171:
167:
164:
163:
160:
157:
154:
153:
150:
149:Passeriformes
147:
144:
143:
140:
137:
134:
133:
130:
127:
124:
123:
120:
117:
114:
113:
110:
107:
104:
103:
98:
93:
89:
83:
78:
77:Least Concern
67:
63:
58:
46:
42:
38:
34:
29:
24:
21:
16:
4143:
3835:
3796:
3795:Pinyon jay (
3786:
3774:
3765:
3756:
3747:
3738:
3730:C. mirabilis
3729:
3721:C. cucullata
3720:
3712:C. armillata
3711:
3702:
3690:
3678:
3669:
3661:C. violaceus
3660:
3651:
3642:
3633:
3624:
3616:C. heilprini
3615:
3606:
3605:Tufted jay (
3597:
3588:
3579:
3570:
3561:
3553:C. caeruleus
3552:
3543:
3534:
3522:
3510:
3501:
3489:
3477:
3468:
3452:
3440:
3431:
3422:
3413:
3404:
3396:A. insularis
3395:
3386:
3384:
3377:(Scrub jays)
3370:
3344:
3336:P. infaustus
3335:
3326:
3325:Canada jay (
3314:
3288:
3279:
3267:
3258:Azure-winged
3214:
3205:C. dauuricus
3204:
3190:
3165:
3156:
3147:
3138:
3129:
3119:
3118:
3108:
3099:
3090:
3081:
3080:Cuban crow (
3072:
3063:
3054:
3046:C. imparatus
3045:
3036:
3027:
3017:
3013:
3012:
3002:
2992:
2991:
2981:
2972:
2963:
2954:
2945:
2936:
2927:
2917:
2913:
2912:
2903:C. violaceus
2902:
2893:
2884:
2876:C. torquatus
2875:
2867:C. splendens
2866:
2865:House crow (
2857:
2848:
2839:
2831:C. florensis
2830:
2821:
2812:
2811:Small crow (
2803:
2793:
2792:
2782:
2773:
2763:
2762:
2753:C. woodfordi
2752:
2743:
2734:
2725:
2716:
2707:
2698:
2689:
2680:
2672:C. insularis
2671:
2662:
2653:
2643:
2639:
2638:
2627:
2601:
2593:P. asirensis
2592:
2583:
2574:
2565:
2556:
2547:
2535:
2508:
2499:
2490:
2478:
2424:
2414:
2405:Stresemann's
2389:
2379:
2367:
2358:
2349:
2341:P. biddulphi
2340:
2324:
2312:
2303:
2294:
2282:
2256:
2247:
2238:
2229:
2220:
2208:
2196:
2187:
2179:C. hypoleuca
2178:
2170:C. chinensis
2169:
2157:
2130:
2120:
2109:P. aterrimus
2108:
2099:
2089:
2078:D. vagabunda
2077:
2068:
2059:
2051:D. frontalis
2050:
2041:
2032:
2023:
2011:
1999:
1991:C. cucullata
1990:
1978:
1953:
1944:
1932:
1890:Superorder:
1785:
1758:
1754:
1748:
1740:
1715:
1709:
1696:
1671:
1667:
1661:
1649:
1608:
1604:
1598:
1589:
1583:
1563:
1556:
1513:
1509:
1499:
1459:(2): 51–53.
1456:
1452:
1442:
1391:
1387:
1362:
1349:
1306:
1302:
1296:
1255:
1251:
1241:
1206:
1202:
1148:
1144:
1138:
1105:
1101:
1088:
1076:. Retrieved
1072:
1063:
1051:. Retrieved
1036:
1003:
1000:
996:
992:
970:. Retrieved
956:
950:
944:
936:
904:
900:
896:
892:
880:
827:
815:
768:
753:
749:
693:
689:
682:
677:Swarth, 1918
673:
639:
635:
631:
627:
616:
597:through the
587:
583:
571:
540:
533:
529:evolutionary
522:
474:
462:
453:
436:
429:
420:Intelligence
409:
405:conspecifics
389:
386:Food storing
380:
356:
342:
328:
324:
323:(from Greek
320:
316:
306:
304:
290:
278:
265:and western
245:
244:
240:
238:
222:
200:
198:
182:
181:
169:
20:
15:
4075:Neotropical
4049:NatureServe
3997:iNaturalist
3860:Wikispecies
3787:Gymnorhinus
3737:Dwarf jay (
3668:Green jay (
3632:Brown jay (
3571:C. chrysops
3551:Azure jay (
3544:C. beecheii
3511:C. stelleri
3502:C. cristata
3432:A. unicolor
3247:(continued)
3215:C. monedula
3148:C. capensis
3146:Cape crow (
3137:Pied crow (
3109:C. sinaloae
3100:C. palmarum
3089:Fish crow (
2894:C. unicolor
2822:C. pusillus
2733:Grey crow (
2654:C. bennetti
2557:P. nuttalli
2548:P. hudsonia
2470:Nutcrackers
2458:(continued)
2380:Ptilostomus
2221:U. caerulea
2188:C. jefferyi
2131:T. temnurus
2090:Platysmurus
2042:D. formosae
2013:Dendrocitta
1945:P. graculus
1934:Pyrrhocorax
1324:10871/16723
972:12 November
905:woodhouseii
893:californica
828:californica
754:woodhouseii
734:Inyo County
722:Kern County
694:californica
647:Rogue River
640:californica
628:californica
626:Similar to
595:Puget Sound
588:woodhouseii
584:californica
556:Description
553:Common Name
339:Description
329:californica
261:throughout
217:Subspecies
4201:Aphelocoma
4190:Categories
4159:Q109578194
4127:Xeno-canto
3766:C. turcosa
3748:C. pulchra
3607:C. dickeyi
3562:C. cayanus
3535:C. affinis
3524:Cyanocorax
3500:Blue jay (
3491:Cyanocitta
3478:C. formosa
3469:C. colliei
3372:Aphelocoma
3360:New World
3316:Perisoreus
3166:C. edithae
3082:C. nasicus
3073:C. minutus
2885:C. typicus
2783:C. kubaryi
2744:C. validus
2735:C. tristis
2699:C. mellori
2644:Melanesian
2640:Australian
2575:P. sericea
2368:P. pleskei
2359:P. panderi
2272:Old World
2024:D. bayleyi
1980:Crypsirina
1892:Neognathae
1886:Neornithes
1884:Subclass:
1749:Aphelocoma
1574:0198528264
929:References
843:Whale Peak
728:area, and
714:Sacramento
636:oocleptica
550:Subspecies
525:subspecies
307:Aphelocoma
263:California
170:Aphelocoma
4041:103727785
3917:103727785
3757:C. pumilo
3692:Cyanolyca
3454:Calocitta
3289:C. cyanus
3269:Cyanopica
2993:Holarctic
2946:C. corone
2937:C. cornix
2524:Holarctic
2480:Nucifraga
2388:Piapiac (
2313:G. lidthi
2248:U. ornata
1866:Kingdom:
1641:207101926
1625:1464-7931
1408:0962-8436
914:woods on
782:Rectrices
634:and most
487:Phylogeny
459:Life span
365:forests,
311:Latinized
301:Etymology
291:scrub jay
251:scrub jay
223:See text
177:Species:
115:Kingdom:
109:Eukaryota
4153:Wikidata
4054:2.963974
4015:11348588
3912:BirdLife
3845:Wikidata
3634:C. morio
3280:C. cooki
3244:Corvidae
3182:Jackdaws
3139:C. albus
3003:C. corax
2914:Eurasian
2690:C. meeki
2455:Corvidae
2407:bushcrow
2284:Garrulus
2210:Urocissa
2146:Oriental
2121:Temnurus
2000:C. temia
1970:Treepies
1914:Corvidae
1874:Chordata
1872:Phylum:
1868:Animalia
1856:Corvidae
1688:30334967
1633:25079896
1540:17462894
1491:28118584
1434:20156820
1416:40538259
1333:25123853
1288:21976318
1280:16709747
1233:17309867
1173:17314979
1130:11064341
1122:12894243
471:Diseases
377:Foraging
348:Behavior
317:apheles-
295:blue jay
285:and the
159:Corvidae
155:Family:
129:Chordata
125:Phylum:
119:Animalia
105:Domain:
82:IUCN 3.1
4173:9716616
4080:cowscj1
3979:2482414
3966:cowscj1
3940:cowscj1
3899:Avibase
3851:Q848772
3739:C. nana
3670:C. ynca
3260:magpies
3242:Family
3192:Coloeus
3122:species
3020:species
2995:species
2920:species
2804:C. enca
2796:species
2766:species
2717:C. orru
2646:species
2566:P. pica
2527:magpies
2453:Family
2390:P. afer
2326:Podoces
2149:magpies
1925:Choughs
1912:Family
1896:Order:
1878:Class:
1732:1369850
1548:2905358
1518:Bibcode
1482:5266788
1461:Bibcode
1425:2830244
1260:Bibcode
1252:Science
1224:2346514
1181:4405897
1153:Bibcode
1073:BirdWeb
903:of the
901:nevadae
795:and SE
786:remiges
756:group.
752:of the
750:nevadae
706:Klamath
702:Jackson
690:nevadae
632:immanis
442:Nesting
432:corvids
392:corvids
363:juniper
353:Habitat
211:, 1839)
165:Genus:
145:Order:
135:Class:
80: (
4119:368478
4106:641524
4067:142466
4028:554128
4002:506118
3986:GNAB:
3879:wescja
2953:Rook (
2629:Corvus
1793:
1730:
1711:Condor
1686:
1639:
1631:
1623:
1571:
1546:
1538:
1489:
1479:
1432:
1422:
1414:
1406:
1341:717341
1339:
1331:
1286:
1278:
1231:
1221:
1179:
1171:
1145:Nature
1128:
1120:
1078:19 May
1053:19 May
1044:
907:group.
855:Mexico
841:, and
799:to SW
746:Nevada
708:, and
267:Nevada
209:Vigors
4093:75358
4010:IRMNG
3961:eBird
3937:BOW:
3930:98981
3304:Grey
3014:North
2619:crows
2617:True
2159:Cissa
1728:JSTOR
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