409:
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53:
66:
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606:, or cross-pollinated with another tree of the same cultivar. However, if different cultivars of Callery pears are grown in proximity (within insect-pollination distance, about 300 ft or 100 m), they often produce fertile seeds that can sprout and establish wherever they are dispersed. The resulting wild individuals, of various
622:, and hence more correctly referred to by the common (or scientific) name of the species itself. Currently, the spread of the invasive trees is limited by their intolerance to extreme cold, but they are creeping northward as climate change causes warming temperatures, and have been found as far north as Madison, Wisconsin.
362:
is dark green and very smooth, and in autumn the leaves commonly turn brilliant colors, ranging from yellow and orange to more commonly red, pink, purple, and bronze. However, since the color often develops very late in autumn, the leaves may be killed by a hard frost before full color can develop.
593:
are regarded as invasive species in many areas of the
Eastern and Midwestern regions in North America, outcompeting many native plants and trees. In the northeastern United States, wild Callery pears sometimes form extensive, nearly homogeneous stands in old fields, along roadsides, and in similar
487:. At the latitude of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, the trees often remain green until mid-November, and in warm autumns, the colors are often bright, although in a cold year they may get frozen off before coloring. In the South, Callery pears tend to be among the more reliable coloring trees.
400:
668:
617:
Callery pear is reported as established outside cultivation in 152 counties in 25 states in the United States. While these wild plants are sometimes called "Bradford pear" (for the 'Bradford' cultivar), they are actually wild-growing descendants of multiple genotypes of
1254:
842:
634:(typically less than 25 years), many groups have discouraged further planting of 'Bradford' and other similarly structurally deficient Callery pear cultivars (such as 'Cleveland Select') in favor of increasing use of locally native ornamental tree species.
597:
While various cultivars of the
Callery pear are commonly planted for their ornamental value, their prolifically produced fruits are taken by birds, which disperse the seeds in their droppings. The various cultivars are generally themselves
610:, can in turn interbreed, producing more viable seed and furthering expansion and dispersal of the wild stand of the species. These plants often differ from the selected cultivars in their irregular crown shape and (sometimes) presence of
594:
disturbed areas. The species was first noticed spreading outside of human cultivation in the 1990s, and by the latter half of the 2000s, Callery pear trees were widespread and could be found in habitats ranging from wetlands to forests.
408:
370:. However, some cultivars, such as 'Bradford', are particularly susceptible to storm damage and are regularly disfigured or killed by strong winds, winter weather, or limb loss due to their naturally rapid growth rate.
683:
Pear wood (of any species) is among the finest-textured of all fruitwoods. It is prized for making woodwind instruments, and pear veneer is used in fine furniture. Pear wood is also among those preferred for preparing
420:
1293:
625:
The
Bradford pear in particular has become further regarded as a nuisance tree for its initially neat, dense upward growth, which made it desirable in cramped urban spaces. Without corrective selective
393:
of
Callery pear are offered commercially, including 'Aristocrat', 'Autumn Blaze', 'Bradford', 'Capital', 'Chanticleer' (also known as 'Cleveland Select'), 'New Bradford', 'Redspire', and 'Whitehouse'.
641:, there have been cases in which it did not have an impact when introduced as a nonnative species. In young, low-density populations, this tree was found to have no significant effect on
440:
facility at Glenn Dale, Maryland, as ornamental landscape trees in the mid-1960s. They became popular with landscapers because they were inexpensive, transported well and grew quickly.
630:
at an early stage, these weak crotches result in a multitude of narrow, weak forks that are very susceptible to storm damage. Because of this, and the resulting relatively short
471:. Individuals tend to flower young, exhibit quick growth, and create seeds that are dispersed primarily through birds. According to extension specialist Kelly Oten of
2112:
1228:
455:. The trees are tolerant of a variety of soil types, drainage levels, and soil acidity. Their crown shape varies from ovate to elliptical, but may become
645:
or diversity in its surrounding environment. to understand how this species interacts in a given environment, further studies should be considered.
1988:
962:
938:
2076:
2014:
437:
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also promoted the tree saying, "Few trees possess every desired attribute, but the
Bradford ornamental pear comes unusually close to the ideal."
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1358:
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leads to their attempted use in settings such as industrial parks, streets, shopping centers, and office parks. Their dense clusters of white
2241:
1009:
340:(which are often assumed to be inedible due to their abundant, cyanide laced seeds) of the Callery pear are small (less than 1 centimetre (
1294:"Once the Callery pear tree was landscapers' favorite – now states are banning this invasive species and urging homeowners to cut it down"
316:
to 3 in) long, glossy dark green above and pale beneath. They have long petioles alternately arranged on branches. The white, five-
1395:
1325:
890:
2001:
1765:
2050:
1422:
472:
1760:
1255:"Invasion by Callery pear (Pyrus calleryana) does not affect understory abundance or diversity in early-successional meadows"
1039:
599:
2081:
735:, for agricultural experimentation, pre-dating recognition in the 1950s of the species' potential as an ornamental plant.
906:
728:
2187:
2063:
1890:
1877:
828:
2174:
2117:
1719:
824:
1176:
1367:"Scientists Look for Clues Into How Tree Populations Become Invasive" Jan 15, 2008 by Stacy Kish, CSREES Staff.
1116:
284:'Bradford' and its offensive odor, widely planted throughout the United States and increasingly regarded as an
2179:
1726:
723:
was first introduced into the United States in 1909 and 1916, largely influenced by the dedicated research of
65:
1975:
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1980:
1967:
1905:
1385:
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52:
1962:
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to 1 in) in diameter. They are produced abundantly in early spring, before the leaves expand fully.
1750:
800:(4th ed.). Washington, D.C.: National Park Service and U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p. 168.
182:
2019:
1848:
1078:"The Beginning of a New Invasive Plant: A History of the Ornamental Callery Pear in the United States"
755:
2127:
1936:
1744:
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1519:
1484:
374:
667:
1915:
1617:
1415:
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2166:
2104:
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1459:
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60:
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298:, growing to 5 to 8 m (16 to 26 ft) tall, often with a conical to rounded crown. The
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Escher, M.C. The
Graphic Work of M. C. Escher. Pub: Oldbourne Book Co. London. 1961. page 9
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from limb loss due to excessive and unstable growth rate. The initial symmetry of several
198:
103:
1320:
1229:"Plant This, Not That! Choose native plants to help put your garden to work for wildlife"
939:"The Curse of the Bradford Pear: What you should know about the trees and their problems"
451:
In much of North
America these cultivars, particularly 'Bradford', are widely planted as
963:"BRADFORD PEAR HAS MANY ASSETS; New Ornamental Fruit Offers Sturdy Form and Early Bloom"
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519:
1208:
Culley, Theresa M. (2017). "The Rise and Fall of the
Ornamental Callery Pear Tree".
1136:
Culley, Theresa M. (2017). "The Rise and Fall of the
Ornamental Callery Pear Tree".
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2006:
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are conspicuous in early spring, with an odor often compared to rotting fish or
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for printing, either end-grained for small works or side-grained for larger.
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It should be recognized that even though P. calleryana is considered an
1993:
685:
627:
515:
464:
444:
promoted the tree in 1966 by planting one in downtown
Washington, D.C.
359:
139:
2032:
869:, California State Commission of Horticulture, 5:5 (May 1916), p. 167.
796:
Swearingen, J.; B. Slattery; K. Reshetiloff & S. Zwicker (2010).
704:
320:
129:
1804:
1093:
1010:"What's That Smell? The Beautiful Tree That's Causing Quite a Stink"
2055:
1954:
1755:
1077:
843:"Callery pear (Bradford pear), Pyrus calleryana Rosales: Rosaceae"
539:
511:
507:
468:
354:, after which they are readily taken by birds, which disperse the
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350: in) in diameter), and hard, almost woody, until softened by
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1177:
10.2179/0008-7475(2005)070[0020:OTSACD]2.0.CO;2
766:. Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. 2017
373:
The species is named after the Italian-French missionary
1400:
1117:"'Bounty' offered on invasive Bradford pear trees in NC"
652:
banned the sale and cultivation of Callery pear trees.
1253:
Nebhut, Andrea N.; Dukes, Jeffrey S. (December 2023).
1076:
Culley, Theresa M.; Hardiman, Nicole A. (2007-12-01).
1040:"Here's Why the Trees on Your Street Smell Like Semen"
381:
who sent specimens of the tree to Europe from China.
366:
Callery pears are remarkably resistant to disease or
1817:
1736:
1711:
1560:
1440:
907:"Opinion | The Ups and Downs of the Bradford Pear"
882:History of European botanical discoveries in China
495:The following varieties are currently accepted:
1416:
436:The trees were introduced to the U.S. by the
8:
1354:Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas
865:Reimer, F.C., "A promising new pear stock,"
798:Plant Invaders of Mid-Atlantic Natural Areas
791:
789:
787:
785:
783:
781:
1157:"On the spread and current distribution of
589:The Bradford pear and related cultivars of
358:in their droppings. In summer, the shining
1805:
1423:
1409:
1401:
1059:"Why All Of New York City Smells Like Sex"
731:, commonly known for the discovery of the
51:
42:
31:
1184:
885:, vol. 1, Sampson Low, p. 525,
1233:The Humane Society of the United States
1115:Cataudella, Kimberly (March 12, 2022).
823:. Vol. 9 – via eFloras.org,
744:
654:
602:, unable to produce fertile seeds when
438:United States Department of Agriculture
395:
219:
750:
748:
1259:Invasive Plant Science and Management
7:
2128:df2f5fd6-e27d-4fe9-b3c0-e649e3086e3c
1789:
1038:Morgans, Julian (October 18, 2017).
280:. It is most commonly known for its
276:to China and Vietnam, in the family
1396:University of California, Berkeley
1362:images at bioimages.vanderbilt.edu
811:Gu, Cuizhi; Spongberg, Stephen A.
25:
2180:urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:730740-1
1788:
1779:
1778:
1766:World Apple and Pear Association
1292:McEwan, Ryan W. (8 March 2023).
1057:Spector, Dina (April 26, 2013).
666:
657:
419:
407:
398:
64:
473:North Carolina State University
1761:Tottori Nijisseiki Pear Museum
905:Popkin, Gabriel (2016-03-18).
691:Callery pear has been used as
1:
2257:Taxa named by Joseph Decaisne
2242:Naturalized trees of Alabama
879:Bretschneider, Emil (1898),
729:US Department of Agriculture
323:are about 2 to 2.5 cm (
1008:Reid, Liz (24 April 2015).
829:Harvard University Herbaria
2273:
1063:Business Insider Australia
764:Plants of the World Online
302:are oval, 4 to 8 cm (
1774:
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825:Missouri Botanical Garden
727:, plant explorer for the
212:
205:
188:
181:
61:Scientific classification
59:
50:
41:
34:
1720:Pyrus × bretschneideri
1554:
1319:Ohio State University
1155:Vincent, M.A. (2005).
827:, St. Louis, MO &
648:In 2023, the state of
585:As an invasive species
479:which are the primary
1751:List of pear diseases
1727:Pyrus × sinkiangensis
1552:
1161:in the United States"
1017:National Public Radio
715:, and especially for
565:(C.K.Schneid.) T.T.Yu
536:(C.K.Schneid.) Rehder
475:, the smell attracts
1745:Herefordshire Pomona
1520:Stinking Bishop pear
867:The Monthly Bulletin
518:, introduced to the
432:In the United States
375:Joseph-Marie Callery
260:, also known as the
224:Pyrus dimorphophylla
27:Species of pear tree
1378:Plants for a Future
1271:10.1017/inp.2023.28
943:The Greenville News
608:genetic backgrounds
1555:
1373:"Pyrus calleryana"
1328:2012-02-22 at the
967:The New York Times
911:The New York Times
446:The New York Times
268:, is a species of
174:P. calleryana
2229:
2228:
2136:Open Tree of Life
1811:Taxon identifiers
1802:
1801:
1576:P. armeniacifolia
1540:Winter Nelis pear
1485:Doyenné du Comice
1122:News and Observer
1013:(Web publication)
600:self-incompatible
442:Lady Bird Johnson
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1394:photo database,
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639:invasive species
620:Pyrus calleryana
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1490:Harovin Sundown
1475:Conference pear
1465:Churchland pear
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133:
132:
127:
120:
119:
114:
107:
106:
101:
94:
93:
88:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
57:
56:
48:
47:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2269:
2258:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2248:
2245:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2237:
2220:
2215:
2211:
2207:
2202:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2185:
2181:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2159:
2155:
2150:
2146:
2142:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2123:
2119:
2114:
2110:
2106:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2083:
2078:
2074:
2070:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2052:
2048:
2044:
2038:
2034:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2016:
2012:
2008:
2003:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1986:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1938:
1934:
1930:
1925:
1921:
1917:
1911:
1907:
1901:
1897:
1892:
1888:
1884:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1855:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1835:
1829:
1825:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1816:
1812:
1807:
1795:
1787:
1785:
1777:
1776:
1773:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1752:
1749:
1747:
1746:
1742:
1741:
1739:
1735:
1729:
1728:
1724:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1710:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1697:
1696:
1692:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1683:
1682:
1681:P. serikensis
1678:
1676:
1675:
1671:
1669:
1668:
1664:
1662:
1661:
1657:
1655:
1654:
1650:
1648:
1647:
1643:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1634:
1633:
1629:
1627:
1626:
1625:P. hakkiarica
1622:
1620:
1619:
1615:
1613:
1612:
1608:
1606:
1605:
1601:
1599:
1598:
1597:P. calleryana
1594:
1592:
1591:
1590:P. bourgaeana
1587:
1585:
1584:
1580:
1578:
1577:
1573:
1571:
1570:
1566:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1551:
1541:
1538:
1536:
1535:Williams pear
1533:
1531:
1528:
1526:
1525:Taylor's gold
1523:
1521:
1518:
1516:
1513:
1511:
1508:
1506:
1503:
1501:
1500:Le Conte pear
1498:
1496:
1493:
1491:
1488:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1478:
1476:
1473:
1471:
1468:
1466:
1463:
1461:
1458:
1456:
1453:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1434:
1426:
1421:
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1406:
1403:
1397:
1393:
1389:
1388:
1384:
1380:
1379:
1374:
1370:
1368:
1365:
1363:
1361:
1357:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1347:
1337:
1334:
1331:
1327:
1324:
1323:
1316:
1313:
1301:
1300:
1295:
1288:
1285:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1260:
1256:
1249:
1246:
1234:
1230:
1223:
1220:
1215:
1211:
1204:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1187:
1182:
1178:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1151:
1148:
1143:
1139:
1132:
1129:
1124:
1123:
1118:
1111:
1108:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1079:
1072:
1069:
1064:
1060:
1053:
1050:
1045:
1041:
1034:
1031:
1018:
1011:
1004:
1001:
998:
996:
990:
987:
976:
972:
968:
964:
958:
955:
944:
940:
934:
931:
920:
916:
912:
908:
901:
898:
894:
892:9783863471651
888:
884:
883:
875:
872:
868:
862:
859:
848:
844:
838:
835:
830:
826:
822:
818:
816:
807:
804:
799:
792:
790:
788:
786:
784:
782:
778:
765:
761:
759:
751:
749:
745:
738:
736:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
714:
710:
706:
702:
698:
694:
689:
687:
678:
669:
664:
660:
655:
653:
651:
646:
644:
640:
635:
633:
629:
623:
621:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
595:
592:
584:
576:
572:
569:
563:
559:
556:
550:
546:
543:
541:
534:
530:
527:
525:
521:
520:United States
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
498:
497:
496:
490:
488:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
458:
454:
449:
447:
443:
439:
431:
422:
417:
410:
405:
401:
396:
394:
392:
384:
382:
380:
376:
371:
369:
364:
361:
357:
353:
339:
334:
322:
319:
301:
297:
293:
289:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
266:Bradford pear
263:
259:
258:
241:
238:
233:
230:
225:
222:
221:
220:
211:
208:
204:
200:
195:
193:
187:
184:
183:Binomial name
180:
176:
175:
170:
167:
166:
163:
162:
158:
155:
154:
151:
148:
145:
144:
141:
138:
135:
134:
131:
128:
125:
122:
121:
118:
115:
112:
109:
108:
105:
102:
99:
96:
95:
92:
91:Tracheophytes
89:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
73:
72:
67:
62:
58:
54:
49:
45:
40:
37:
33:
30:
19:
1818:
1743:
1725:
1718:
1700:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1672:
1667:P. pyrifolia
1665:
1658:
1651:
1644:
1637:
1630:
1623:
1616:
1609:
1602:
1596:
1595:
1588:
1581:
1574:
1569:P. anatolica
1567:
1432:
1386:
1376:
1359:
1336:
1321:
1315:
1303:. Retrieved
1297:
1287:
1262:
1258:
1248:
1236:. Retrieved
1232:
1222:
1213:
1209:
1203:
1171:(9): 20–31.
1168:
1164:
1158:
1150:
1141:
1137:
1131:
1120:
1110:
1085:
1081:
1071:
1062:
1052:
1043:
1033:
1021:. Retrieved
1016:
1003:
997:at Floridata
994:
989:
978:. Retrieved
966:
957:
946:. Retrieved
942:
933:
922:. Retrieved
910:
900:
881:
874:
866:
861:
850:. Retrieved
846:
837:
820:
814:
806:
797:
770:22 September
768:. Retrieved
763:
757:
720:
690:
682:
647:
636:
624:
619:
616:
596:
590:
588:
574:
570:
561:
557:
549:integrifolia
548:
544:
532:
528:
503:
499:
494:
483:rather than
450:
445:
435:
426:Autumn color
414:Autumn color
388:
372:
365:
335:
291:
290:
265:
262:Callery pear
261:
256:
255:
254:
240:Pyrus mairei
239:
231:
223:
191:
189:
173:
172:
160:
123:
110:
97:
84:
35:
29:
18:Callery pear
2100:NatureServe
2028:iNaturalist
1843:Wikispecies
1660:P. pyraster
1646:P. oxyprion
1604:P. communis
1530:Warden pear
1515:Seckel pear
1450:Abate Fetel
1023:23 November
733:Meyer lemon
481:pollinators
385:Cultivation
104:Angiosperms
2236:Categories
2149:Plant List
1903:Calflora:
1695:P. syriaca
1688:P. spinosa
1639:P. nivalis
1611:P. cordata
1510:Pêra Rocha
1460:Choke pear
1082:BioScience
980:2019-03-23
948:2019-03-23
924:2019-03-23
852:2023-10-23
739:References
699:such pear
504:calleryana
457:asymmetric
368:fireblight
1981:200011181
1968:200011181
1913:Cal-IPC:
1653:P. pashia
1455:Bosc pear
1442:Cultivars
1392:CalPhotos
1279:1939-7291
1102:1525-3244
975:0362-4331
919:0362-4331
701:cultivars
693:rootstock
673:In winter
632:life span
461:cultivars
391:cultivars
389:Numerous
379:sinologue
296:deciduous
168:Species:
74:Kingdom:
2206:27805368
2201:Tropicos
2154:rjp-6009
2105:2.142112
2056:730740-1
1834:Q3079266
1828:Wikidata
1784:Category
1470:Concorde
1326:Archived
1305:10 March
1216:(3): 10.
1195:25202586
1165:Castanea
697:grafting
686:woodcuts
575:lanceata
465:blossoms
282:cultivar
278:Rosaceae
207:Synonyms
150:Rosaceae
146:Family:
117:Eudicots
1994:5363119
1794:Commons
1561:Species
1480:D'Anjou
1390:in the
1186:4103147
1144:(3): 8.
628:pruning
580:– China
567:– China
562:koehnei
554:– China
533:fauriei
516:Vietnam
491:Subtaxa
360:foliage
345:⁄
328:⁄
321:flowers
318:petaled
311:⁄
156:Genus:
140:Rosales
136:Order:
78:Plantae
2167:PYCA80
2162:PLANTS
2141:217646
2125:NZOR:
2082:504706
2033:119793
1942:299081
1896:381820
1883:166593
1857:AoFP:
1277:
1238:17 Jan
1210:Arnold
1193:
1183:
1138:Arnold
1100:
973:
917:
889:
760:Decne"
713:Seckel
705:Comice
612:thorns
578:Rehder
552:T.T.Yu
514:, and
338:fruits
300:leaves
274:native
243:H.Lév.
235:Hayata
227:Makino
199:Decne.
130:Rosids
2252:Pyrus
2247:Pears
2193:14226
2118:36597
2069:46188
2043:10957
2040:IPA:
2020:30463
1955:PYUCA
1929:4QWL7
1906:12819
1867:APA:
1756:Perry
1433:Pyrus
717:Nashi
711:, or
573:var.
560:var.
547:var.
540:Korea
531:var.
512:Japan
508:China
502:var.
477:flies
469:semen
356:seeds
352:frost
272:tree
161:Pyrus
124:Clade
111:Clade
98:Clade
85:Clade
2175:POWO
2113:NCBI
2092:2531
2077:ITIS
2051:IPNI
2015:GRIN
2007:1389
2002:GISD
1989:GBIF
1950:EPPO
1891:BOLD
1878:APNI
1870:3190
1553:Pear
1307:2023
1275:ISSN
1240:2016
1191:PMID
1098:ISSN
1044:Vice
1025:2019
971:ISSN
915:ISSN
887:ISBN
772:2020
709:Bosc
695:for
679:Uses
650:Ohio
524:Iraq
522:and
485:bees
336:The
270:pear
216:List
2214:WFO
2188:RHS
2064:ISC
1976:FoC
1963:FNA
1937:EoL
1924:CoL
1860:101
1267:doi
1181:PMC
1173:doi
1090:doi
703:as
294:is
264:or
2238::
2216::
2203::
2190::
2177::
2164::
2151::
2138::
2115::
2102::
2079::
2066::
2053::
2030::
2017::
2004::
1991::
1978::
1965::
1952::
1939::
1926::
1893::
1880::
1845::
1830::
1375:.
1296:.
1273:.
1263:16
1261:.
1257:.
1231:.
1214:74
1212:.
1189:.
1179:.
1169:70
1167:.
1163:.
1142:74
1140:.
1119:.
1096:.
1086:57
1084:.
1080:.
1061:.
1042:.
1015:.
965:.
941:.
913:.
909:.
845:.
819:.
780:^
762:.
747:^
719:.
707:,
614:.
538:–
510:,
506:–
288:.
126::
113::
100::
87::
1424:e
1417:t
1410:v
1381:.
1309:.
1281:.
1269::
1242:.
1197:.
1175::
1125:.
1104:.
1092::
1065:.
1046:.
1027:.
983:.
951:.
927:.
855:.
817:"
813:"
774:.
756:"
347:8
343:3
330:4
326:3
313:2
309:1
306:+
304:1
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
