835:
52:
85:
1795:
2187:
92:
59:
583:
522:"Calumet Mine - Ventilation is good, except in a small section of the pillar workings to the left of the main haulage road. Drainage fair. Improvements made to Calumet Mine in 1910 were: 230 Wolfe safety lamps and equipment were renewed. Work was started on safety latches at landing for the shaft cage."
538:
In 1919 Calumet Mine produced 189,557 tons of coal and 69,589 tons of coke, there were 260 coke ovens with 127 in operation. The mine had 270 employees, and one fatal accident in 1919. In 1920 Calumet Mine produced 157,816 tons of coal and 85,641 tons of coke, there were 260 beehive coke ovens with
497:
By the early 1890s the
Calumet Coke Works was enlarged and contained 225 beehive coke ovens. Typical annual production at the Calumet Mine in the 1890s was about 100,000 tons of coal; the Calumet Coke Works produced about 60,000 tons of coke each year. In 1889, after one year of production at the
542:
As late as 1930 the H. C. Frick Coke
Company was still using eleven mules or horses for hauling coal in the Calumet Mine, in addition to a single steam locomotive, and two mine locomotives operated by compressed air. Production in ca. 1930 amounted to a mere 9,000 tons of coal. The Calumet Coke
513:
By 1900 over 900 persons, the miners and their families, were living in the coal company patch town of
Calumet, in Mt. Pleasant Township, the Calumet Mine was annually producing over 200,000 tons of coal, and the Calumet Coke Works was shipping between 125,000 and 150,000 tons of coke each year.
450:
Calumet was founded by the
Calumet Coke Company in 1888 as a housing site for its workers. The community, as originally laid out, consisted of twenty double houses, twelve single-family houses, and a few commercial and industrial buildings. The workers were employed in a coal mine and also tended
505:
By 1899 H. C. Frick Coke
Company acquired control of the entire Calumet Coke Company. Under the auspices of the H. C. Frick Coke Company production at Calumet Mine rose through the early 1900s, despite the fact that the coal company continued to mine the coal by using hand labor.
527:
From the 1910s through the early 1920s the
Calumet Mine was consistently one of the H. C. Frick Coke Company's better producers. By 1914 the H. C. Frick Coke Company employed 260 men and boys at the Calumet Mine, who produced over 225,000 tons of coal and 150,000 tons of coke.
501:
During the bitter coal miners strike of 1894, a dozen deputy sheriffs, that were being paid by the H. C. Frick Coke
Company at Calumet, while off duty, went swimming in the reservoir there. Two of them were captured by several hundred angry strikers. The others escaped.
2217:
2131:
1654:
1077:
743:
1102:
479:
339:
185:
1152:
1097:
1865:
1087:
1082:
1052:
1092:
1072:
608:
2212:
1127:
1067:
2136:
1920:
1910:
1860:
1112:
1062:
1057:
1855:
1636:
736:
1935:
510:'s theory was, why spend money on mining equipment, when you had willing men with weak minds and strong backs, that worked cheap, to do the mining work for you.
2227:
1930:
1970:
1850:
1373:
1318:
120:
729:
51:
1413:
1333:
456:
2040:
2075:
320:
84:
514:
Robert Ramsey, a long-time H. C. Frick Coke
Company employee, served as superintendent of the Calumet Mine & Coke Works operations at Calumet.
498:
Calumet Mine & Coke Works, by the
Calumet Coke Company, the H. C. Frick Coke Company acquired a one-half interest in the Calumet Coke Company.
2161:
1905:
1137:
1107:
1955:
2222:
2045:
2025:
1147:
2232:
1629:
2055:
2015:
998:
721:
699:
669:
1756:
753:
343:
173:
2146:
2116:
1992:
1230:
1132:
1122:
1117:
958:
267:
168:
1751:
1543:
2151:
1999:
1721:
1716:
1622:
993:
888:
374:
as cheaply as possible. The closing of the
Calumet mine during the Great Depression caused enormous hardship in an era when
1940:
1780:
1746:
913:
563:
363:
2171:
2085:
2080:
2065:
2060:
1950:
1775:
1741:
1736:
1508:
1453:
1215:
1142:
1019:
943:
933:
824:
551:
547:
490:. About 100 miners were employed in the mine (a shaft operation) that exploited Calumet's 80-inch-thick (2,000 mm)
358:
for the 2000 census, they are in reality two very different communities, each reflecting a different chapter in how the
1885:
1731:
1726:
1594:
1200:
814:
546:
Around 1932 the H. C. Frick Coke Company closed and abandoned the Calumet Mine and sent a number of the miners to the
351:
1798:
Map of the Pittsburgh Tri-State with green counties in the metropolitan area and yellow counties in the combined area
2020:
1965:
1571:
1403:
1383:
948:
2156:
1975:
1895:
1890:
1880:
1845:
1830:
1408:
1388:
1358:
1220:
1180:
1170:
1024:
1014:
1003:
963:
953:
938:
424:
2121:
2035:
2005:
1915:
1900:
1875:
1870:
1678:
1528:
1503:
1478:
1458:
1423:
1378:
1368:
1323:
1256:
1225:
1195:
1029:
799:
775:
308:
554:, and laid off the rest of the coal miners to fend for themselves, with no compensation or means of support.
1566:
1498:
1488:
1468:
1438:
1393:
1363:
1210:
1190:
1162:
1044:
1034:
978:
903:
853:
804:
335:
180:
32:
378:
and welfare payments were nonexistent. On the other hand, Norvelt was created during the depression by the
1960:
1697:
1518:
1428:
1348:
1338:
1313:
1308:
1298:
1241:
1205:
1185:
1008:
988:
968:
918:
863:
845:
819:
478:
In 1888, the Calumet Coke Company established the Calumet Mine & Coke Works along Sewickley Creek in
2126:
2101:
2010:
1840:
1548:
1523:
1473:
1443:
1398:
1353:
1261:
1251:
1246:
1236:
923:
883:
873:
868:
809:
487:
379:
375:
355:
288:
366:
was divided into two separate CDPs officially. Calumet was a typical "patch town," another name for a
2166:
1601:
1538:
1533:
1483:
1463:
1448:
1433:
1343:
1328:
1303:
983:
898:
893:
794:
491:
277:
1794:
2190:
2141:
1513:
1493:
1418:
1281:
1271:
1266:
928:
908:
878:
858:
786:
482:. The Company built twenty-three houses in 1888 and the Calumet Coke Works containing 105 beehive
2111:
1945:
1925:
1645:
1293:
973:
539:
150 in operation, and employed 241 men and boys. The mine had three nonfatal accidents in 1920.
535:, as with many other Frick mines the company did not mechanize or fully electrify its operation.
383:
2070:
2050:
507:
467:
359:
703:
677:
629:
700:"Calumet Mine & Coke Works, Calumet, Mt. Pleasant TWP., Westmoreland Co., PA, U.S.A."
2030:
466:
The coke works closed in the 1920s, and the mine closed in the early 1930s during the
2206:
1767:
313:
668:
Washlaski, Raymond A.; Ryan P. Washlaski; Peter E. Starry, Jr. (February 25, 2006).
1708:
347:
768:
641:
532:
460:
452:
371:
463:
Frick Coke Company, which at that time was part-owner of Calumet Coke Company.
2106:
1813:
1558:
517:
The condition of Calumet Mine in 1910, from the mine inspectors reports, was:
459:, Calumet was the site of a bitter confrontation between the strikers and the
135:
122:
483:
367:
258:
1670:
1585:‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
296:
603:
601:
354:
included it as a census-designated place with the nearby community of
1614:
1793:
284:
263:
1689:
387:
1618:
725:
2218:
Census-designated places in Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
833:
486:. This operation was served by the Southwest Branch of the
480:
Mount Pleasant Township, Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
470:, causing enormous hardship for the community's workers.
630:
http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=945
362:
affected rural Pennsylvanians. As of the 2010 census,
1655:
Pittsburgh–New Castle–Weirton combined statistical area
494:, and 75 coke workers were employed in the coke works.
18:
Census-designated place in Pennsylvania, United States
674:
Virtual Museum of Coal Mining in Western Pennsylvania
2094:
1984:
1823:
1805:
1765:
1706:
1687:
1668:
1661:
1580:
1557:
1280:
1161:
1043:
844:
785:
319:
307:
295:
274:
257:
249:
241:
236:
228:
220:
212:
204:
199:
191:
179:
167:
159:
151:
23:
663:
661:
659:
382:as a model community, intended to increase the
1630:
737:
91:
58:
8:
1665:
1637:
1623:
1615:
744:
730:
722:
397:
20:
104:Calumet, Pennsylvania (the United States)
2213:Census-designated places in Pennsylvania
575:
543:Works had been abandoned by this time.
531:Production at the mine decreased after
318:
294:
256:
235:
227:
198:
190:
150:
115:
43:
38:
457:Bituminous Coal Miners' Strike of 1894
417:
370:, built by a single company to house
306:
273:
248:
240:
219:
211:
203:
178:
166:
158:
7:
2228:Populated places established in 1888
224:0.00 sq mi (0.00 km)
216:2.18 sq mi (5.65 km)
208:2.18 sq mi (5.65 km)
71:Location of Calumet in Pennsylvania
752:Municipalities and communities of
642:"Census of Population and Housing"
407:
14:
755:Westmoreland County, Pennsylvania
2186:
2185:
584:"ArcGIS REST Services Directory"
90:
83:
57:
50:
670:"Calumet Mine & Coke Works"
350:, United States. Although the
40:Etymology: Calumet Coke Company
1:
611:. United States Census Bureau
586:. United States Census Bureau
564:Calumet-Norvelt, Pennsylvania
253:524.99/sq mi (202.71/km)
107:Show map of the United States
2223:Pittsburgh metropolitan area
474:Calumet Mine and Coke Works
352:United States Census Bureau
2249:
2233:Coal towns in Pennsylvania
232:1,000 ft (300 m)
2180:
1791:
1652:
1590:
831:
766:
438:
423:
416:
411:
406:
403:
376:unemployment compensation
116:
44:
39:
30:
1993:Pittsburgh International
74:Show map of Pennsylvania
609:"Census Population API"
340:Mount Pleasant Township
336:census-designated place
33:Census-designated place
1799:
838:
1797:
837:
488:Pennsylvania Railroad
439:U.S. Decennial Census
399:Historical population
380:US federal government
276: • Summer (
136:40.21361°N 79.49306°W
98:Calumet, Pennsylvania
65:Calumet, Pennsylvania
25:Calumet, Pennsylvania
2066:Pittsburgh Northeast
2026:Greensburg Jeannette
1603:United States portal
999:Southwest Greensburg
492:Pittsburgh coal seam
451:ovens that produced
250: • Density
1596:Pennsylvania portal
1252:St. Vincent College
400:
344:Westmoreland County
141:40.21361; -79.49306
132: /
1800:
1646:Greater Pittsburgh
1231:Lynnwood-Pricedale
959:North Belle Vernon
839:
398:
384:standard of living
242: • Total
221: • Water
205: • Total
2200:
2199:
1834:
1789:
1788:
1612:
1611:
1544:Westmoreland City
443:
442:
329:
328:
213: • Land
2240:
2189:
2188:
2137:Landmarks (city)
2132:Landmarks (area)
2006:Allegheny County
1906:North Huntingdon
1828:
1824:Cities and towns
1666:
1639:
1632:
1625:
1616:
1604:
1597:
1138:South Huntingdon
1108:North Huntingdon
994:South Greensburg
889:East Vandergrift
836:
778:
771:
761:
756:
746:
739:
732:
723:
716:
715:
713:
711:
706:on July 12, 2009
696:
690:
689:
687:
685:
680:on July 12, 2009
676:. Archived from
665:
654:
653:
651:
649:
638:
632:
627:
621:
620:
618:
616:
605:
596:
595:
593:
591:
580:
468:Great Depression
419:
414:
409:
401:
360:Great Depression
281:
147:
146:
144:
143:
142:
137:
133:
130:
129:
128:
125:
108:
94:
93:
87:
75:
61:
60:
54:
21:
2248:
2247:
2243:
2242:
2241:
2239:
2238:
2237:
2203:
2202:
2201:
2196:
2176:
2090:
1980:
1956:Upper St. Clair
1827:
1825:
1819:
1801:
1785:
1761:
1702:
1683:
1657:
1648:
1643:
1613:
1608:
1602:
1595:
1586:
1576:
1553:
1285:
1283:
1276:
1157:
1078:East Huntingdon
1039:
914:Laurel Mountain
840:
834:
829:
781:
776:
769:
762:
759:
754:
750:
720:
719:
709:
707:
698:
697:
693:
683:
681:
667:
666:
657:
647:
645:
640:
639:
635:
628:
624:
614:
612:
607:
606:
599:
589:
587:
582:
581:
577:
572:
560:
476:
448:
412:
396:
364:Calumet-Norvelt
303:
275:
140:
138:
134:
131:
126:
123:
121:
119:
118:
112:
111:
110:
109:
106:
105:
102:
101:
100:
99:
95:
78:
77:
76:
73:
72:
69:
68:
67:
66:
62:
35:
26:
19:
12:
11:
5:
2246:
2244:
2236:
2235:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2215:
2205:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2195:
2194:
2181:
2178:
2177:
2175:
2174:
2172:Transportation
2169:
2164:
2159:
2157:Public schools
2154:
2149:
2144:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2098:
2096:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2088:
2083:
2078:
2073:
2068:
2063:
2058:
2053:
2048:
2043:
2038:
2033:
2028:
2023:
2018:
2013:
2008:
2003:
1996:
1988:
1986:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1963:
1958:
1953:
1948:
1943:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1903:
1898:
1893:
1888:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1868:
1863:
1858:
1853:
1848:
1843:
1837:
1835:
1821:
1820:
1818:
1817:
1809:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1792:
1790:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1783:
1778:
1772:
1770:
1763:
1762:
1760:
1759:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1739:
1734:
1729:
1724:
1719:
1713:
1711:
1704:
1703:
1701:
1700:
1694:
1692:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1675:
1673:
1663:
1659:
1658:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1644:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1627:
1619:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1606:
1599:
1591:
1588:
1587:
1584:
1582:
1578:
1577:
1575:
1574:
1569:
1563:
1561:
1555:
1554:
1552:
1551:
1546:
1541:
1536:
1531:
1526:
1521:
1516:
1511:
1509:Standard Shaft
1506:
1501:
1496:
1491:
1486:
1481:
1476:
1471:
1466:
1461:
1456:
1454:Pleasant Unity
1451:
1446:
1441:
1436:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1416:
1411:
1406:
1401:
1396:
1391:
1386:
1381:
1376:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1356:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1301:
1296:
1290:
1288:
1284:unincorporated
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1244:
1239:
1234:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1216:Lawson Heights
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1159:
1158:
1156:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1103:Mount Pleasant
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1049:
1047:
1041:
1040:
1038:
1037:
1032:
1027:
1022:
1020:West Leechburg
1017:
1012:
1006:
1001:
996:
991:
986:
981:
976:
971:
966:
961:
956:
951:
946:
944:New Alexandria
941:
936:
934:Mount Pleasant
931:
926:
921:
916:
911:
906:
901:
896:
891:
886:
881:
876:
871:
866:
861:
856:
850:
848:
842:
841:
832:
830:
828:
827:
825:New Kensington
822:
817:
812:
807:
802:
797:
791:
789:
783:
782:
767:
764:
763:
751:
749:
748:
741:
734:
726:
718:
717:
702:Archived from
691:
655:
633:
622:
597:
574:
573:
571:
568:
567:
566:
559:
556:
552:Mount Pleasant
548:Standard Shaft
525:
524:
475:
472:
447:
444:
441:
440:
436:
435:
432:
430:
427:
421:
420:
415:
410:
405:
395:
392:
327:
326:
323:
317:
316:
311:
305:
304:
301:
299:
293:
292:
282:
272:
271:
261:
255:
254:
251:
247:
246:
243:
239:
238:
234:
233:
230:
226:
225:
222:
218:
217:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
197:
196:
193:
189:
188:
186:Mount Pleasant
183:
177:
176:
171:
165:
164:
161:
157:
156:
153:
149:
148:
114:
113:
103:
97:
96:
89:
88:
82:
81:
80:
79:
70:
64:
63:
56:
55:
49:
48:
47:
46:
45:
42:
41:
37:
36:
31:
28:
27:
24:
17:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2245:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2226:
2224:
2221:
2219:
2216:
2214:
2211:
2210:
2208:
2193:
2192:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2173:
2170:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2158:
2155:
2153:
2150:
2148:
2147:Neighborhoods
2145:
2143:
2140:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2099:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2082:
2079:
2077:
2074:
2072:
2069:
2067:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2052:
2049:
2047:
2044:
2042:
2041:Jimmy Stewart
2039:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2022:
2019:
2017:
2014:
2012:
2009:
2007:
2004:
2002:
2001:
2000:Arnold Palmer
1997:
1995:
1994:
1990:
1989:
1987:
1983:
1977:
1974:
1972:
1969:
1967:
1964:
1962:
1959:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1927:
1924:
1922:
1919:
1917:
1914:
1912:
1909:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1899:
1897:
1894:
1892:
1889:
1887:
1884:
1882:
1879:
1877:
1874:
1872:
1869:
1867:
1864:
1862:
1859:
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1796:
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1768:West Virginia
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1201:Harrison City
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1148:Upper Burrell
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815:Lower Burrell
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760:United States
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679:
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455:. During the
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315:
314:Area code 724
312:
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269:
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231:
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155:United States
154:
145:
117:Coordinates:
86:
53:
34:
29:
22:
16:
2184:
1998:
1991:
1966:West Mifflin
1946:Steubenville
1812:
1806:Major cities
1757:Westmoreland
1709:Pennsylvania
1572:West Overton
1404:Laughlintown
1384:Jacobs Creek
1175:
949:New Florence
774:
708:. Retrieved
704:the original
694:
682:. Retrieved
678:the original
673:
646:. Retrieved
644:. Census.gov
636:
625:
613:. Retrieved
588:. Retrieved
578:
545:
541:
537:
530:
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521:
516:
512:
504:
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477:
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449:
394:Demographics
386:of laid-off
348:Pennsylvania
331:
330:
174:Westmoreland
163:Pennsylvania
15:
2162:Skyscrapers
2056:Monroeville
1976:Wilkinsburg
1896:Murrysville
1891:Mt. Lebanon
1881:Monroeville
1846:Bethel Park
1559:Ghost towns
1409:Lloydsville
1389:Jones Mills
1359:Forbes Road
1286:communities
1221:Level Green
1181:Collinsburg
1171:Bradenville
1025:West Newton
1015:Vandergrift
1004:Sutersville
964:North Irwin
954:New Stanton
939:Murrysville
770:County seat
615:October 12,
590:October 12,
533:World War I
508:H. C. Frick
453:coke (fuel)
372:coal miners
139: /
2207:Categories
2122:Government
2086:Zelienople
2076:Washington
2061:New Castle
1916:Penn Hills
1901:New Castle
1876:McKeesport
1871:McCandless
1814:Pittsburgh
1752:Washington
1529:Turkeytown
1504:Stahlstown
1479:Ruffs Dale
1459:Reagantown
1424:Marguerite
1379:Hutchinson
1369:Hannastown
1324:Blackstone
1257:Slickville
1226:Loyalhanna
1196:Grapeville
1153:Washington
1098:Loyalhanna
1030:Youngstown
800:Greensburg
777:Greensburg
570:References
550:Mine near
484:coke ovens
237:Population
127:79°29′35″W
124:40°12′49″N
2112:Etymology
2107:Education
2071:Rostraver
2046:Joe Hardy
2036:Jefferson
2021:Eddie Dew
1866:Hempfield
1856:Cranberry
1722:Armstrong
1717:Allegheny
1698:Jefferson
1581:Footnotes
1567:Cokeville
1499:Southwest
1489:Scab Hill
1469:Reduction
1439:New Derry
1394:Kecksburg
1364:Greenwald
1211:Hostetter
1191:Fellsburg
1133:Sewickley
1123:St. Clair
1118:Rostraver
1088:Hempfield
1083:Fairfield
1053:Allegheny
1045:Townships
1035:Youngwood
979:Scottdale
904:Hyde Park
854:Adamsburg
805:Jeannette
684:April 30,
368:coal town
321:FIPS code
309:Area code
259:Time zone
229:Elevation
2191:Category
2081:Wheeling
2051:Lakehill
1985:Airports
1747:Lawrence
1671:Maryland
1662:Counties
1519:Torrance
1429:Morewood
1374:Hopewell
1349:Claridge
1339:Brenizer
1319:Bessemer
1314:Baggaley
1309:Armbrust
1299:Alverton
1242:Millwood
1206:Herminie
1186:Crabtree
1093:Ligonier
1009:Trafford
989:Smithton
969:Oklahoma
919:Ligonier
864:Avonmore
846:Boroughs
820:Monessen
558:See also
390:miners.
325:42-10832
297:ZIP code
181:Township
2127:History
2102:Economy
1961:Weirton
1861:Hampton
1841:Baldwin
1826:15k–50k
1781:Hancock
1742:Indiana
1737:Fayette
1679:Garrett
1549:Whitney
1524:Trauger
1474:Rillton
1444:Pandora
1399:Larimer
1354:Darragh
1262:Webster
1247:Norvelt
1237:Mammoth
1176:Calumet
1073:Donegal
924:Madison
884:Donegal
874:Delmont
869:Bolivar
810:Latrobe
710:June 5,
648:June 4,
446:History
356:Norvelt
332:Calumet
192:Founded
152:Country
2167:Sports
2152:People
2095:Topics
2031:Herron
2016:Butler
2011:Beaver
1941:Shaler
1921:Peters
1851:Butler
1776:Brooke
1732:Butler
1727:Beaver
1539:Wendel
1534:United
1484:Salina
1464:Rector
1449:Peanut
1434:Moween
1414:Lowber
1344:Carbon
1334:Bovard
1329:Boquet
1304:Ardara
984:Seward
899:Hunker
894:Export
795:Arnold
787:Cities
404:Census
169:County
2142:Media
1971:White
1951:Unity
1936:Scott
1514:Tarrs
1494:Seger
1419:Luxor
1282:Other
1272:Yukon
1267:Wyano
1143:Unity
1128:Salem
1068:Derry
929:Manor
909:Irwin
879:Derry
859:Arona
461:H. C.
429:1,145
334:is a
302:15621
285:UTC-4
264:UTC-5
245:1,145
160:State
2117:Film
1931:Ross
1926:Plum
1911:Penn
1886:Moon
1831:2010
1829:(in
1690:Ohio
1294:Acme
1163:CDPs
1113:Penn
1063:Cook
1058:Bell
974:Penn
712:2008
686:2008
650:2016
617:2022
592:2022
425:2020
413:Note
408:Pop.
388:coal
200:Area
195:1888
1766:in
1707:in
1688:in
1669:in
338:in
289:EDT
278:DST
268:EST
2209::
773::
758:,
672:.
658:^
600:^
418:%±
346:,
342:,
1833:)
1638:e
1631:t
1624:v
1233:‡
1011:‡
745:e
738:t
731:v
714:.
688:.
652:.
619:.
594:.
434:—
291:)
287:(
280:)
270:)
266:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
