799:, still photography, the ability to capture still photos while filming – usually at a higher resolution than the video, the ability to lock the OIS on far subjects while zoomed in (named "OIS Lock" by Panasonic), the ability to buffer footage before pressing the "record" button to avoid missing moments without having to be constantly recording (named "PRE-REC" by Panasonic), the ability to keep the lens cover open for few minutes into stand-by mode for rapid restarting, internal storage for recording when the inserted memory card's space is exhausted, autofocus able to track objects, and optional visual effects during video recording and playback.
834:
232:
1189:
imager and optics while maintaining relatively noise-free video in daylight. Indoor or dim-light shooting is generally quiet, and in such conditions artificial lighting is recommended. Mechanical controls cannot shrink below a certain size, and manual camera operation has given way to camera-controlled automation for every shooting parameter (including focus, aperture, shutter speed and color balance). The few models with manual override are menu-driven. Outputs include USB 2.0, Composite and S-Video and IEEE 1394/FireWire (for MiniDV models).
557:. Panasonic released the HDC-SDT750. It is a 2D camcorder which can shoot in HD; 3D is achieved by a detachable conversion lens. Sony released a 3D camcorder, the HDR-TD10, with two lenses built in for 3D filming, and can optionally shoot 2D video. Panasonic has also released 2D camcorders with an optional 3D conversion lens. The HDC-SD90, HDC-SD900, HDC-TM900 and HDC-HS900 are sold as "3D-ready": 2D camcorders, with optional 3D capability at a later date. JVC also released a twin-lens camcorder in 2011, JVC Everio GS-TD1.
727:, converts light into an electrical signal. The camera lens projects an image onto the imager surface, exposing the photosensitive array to light. This light exposure is converted into an electrical charge. At the end of the timed exposure, the imager converts the accumulated charge into a continuous analog voltage at the imager's output terminals. After the conversion is complete, the photosites reset to start the exposure of the next video frame. In many cases the photosites (per
1375:
1367:
393:
133:
224:
1825:
36:
546:
1320:, the Flip Video was a basic camcorder with record, zoom, playback and browse buttons and a USB jack for uploading video. The original models recorded at a 640x480-pixel resolution; later models featured HD recording at 1280x720 pixels. The Mino was a smaller Flip Video, with the same features as the standard model. The Mino was the smallest of all camcorders, slightly wider than a
1649:
1539:
1197:(24fps, 25fps, 30fps) and higher-quality lenses than basic models. To maximize low-light capability, color reproduction and frame resolution, multi-CCD/CMOS camcorders mimic the 3-element imager design of professional equipment. Field tests have shown that most consumer camcorders (regardless of price) produce noisy video in low light.
759:
The image recorded need not be limited to what appeared in the viewfinder. For documenting events (as in law enforcement), the field of view overlays the time and date of the recording along the top and bottom of the image. The police car or constable badge number to which the recorder was given, the
604:
Digital Camera called the LUMIX GH5, capable of shooting 4K in 60p. This is the first time in decades that
Panasonic and Sony have not announced new traditional camcorders at CES, and instead carried over 2016's models, such as Sony's FDR-AX53. This is due to there being far less demand in the market
1293:
HD1 was the first such unit, combining the features of a 5.1 megapixel still camera with a 720p video recorder with improved handling and utility. Canon and Sony have introduced camcorders with still-photo performance approaching that of a digicam, and
Panasonic has introduced a DSLR body with video
1188:
This market has followed an evolutionary path driven by miniaturization and cost reduction enabled by progress in design and manufacture. Miniaturization reduces the imager's ability to gather light; designers have balanced improvements in sensor sensitivity with size reduction, shrinking the camera
1184:
The consumer camcorder was generally still very expensive throughout the early to mid 1990s, but prices compared to the 1980s had halved for an entry-level model and fell even further at the turn of the millennium, placing them in easier reach of basic-income consumers with the addition of available
734:
Most camcorders use a single imaging sensor with integrated colour filters, per pixel, to enable red, green and blue to be sensed, each on their own set of pixels. The individual pixel filters present a significant manufacturing challenge. However some camcorders, even consumer grade devices such as
1219:
Since 2006, nearly all camcorders sold are digital. Tape-based (MiniDV/HDV) camcorders are no longer popular, since tapeless models (with an SD card or internal SSD) cost almost the same but offer greater convenience; video captured on an SD card can be transferred to a computer faster than digital
573:
format; in standard HD the camcorder can also deliver 60fps. When using the traditional format AVCHD, the camcorder supports 5.1 surround sound from its built-in microphone, this is however not supported in the XAVC-S format. The camera also has a 3-step ND filter switch allowing greater control of
214:
lens that is able to operate silently with no throttled speed, whereas cameras with protracting zoom lenses commonly throttle operation speed during video recording to minimize acoustic disturbance. Additionally, dedicated units are able to operate solely on external power with no battery inserted.
1382:
Camcorders are used by nearly all electronic media, from electronic-news organizations to current-affairs TV productions. In remote locations, camcorders are useful for initial video acquisition; the video is subsequently transmitted electronically to a studio or production center for broadcast.
924:
and fed to the imager's output. The main difference between the two devices is how the scanning is done. In the CCD the diodes are sampled simultaneously, and the scan passes the digitised data from one register to the next. In CMOS devices, the diodes are sampled directly by the scanning logic.
751:
The recorder writes the video signal onto a recording medium, such as magnetic videotape. Since the record function involves many signal-processing steps, some distortion and noise historically appeared on the stored video; playback of the stored signal did not have the exact characteristics and
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system, for professional use. A key component was a single camera-recorder unit, eliminating a cable between the camera and recorder and increasing the camera operator's freedom. The
Betacam used the same cassette format (0.5 inches or 1.3 centimetres tape) as the Betamax, but with a different,
580:
In
September 2014 Panasonic announced and claimed 4K Ultra HD Camcorder HC-X1000E as the first conventional camcorder design that can capture up to 60fps at 150 Mbit/s or alternatively standard HD recording at up to 200 Mbit/s in ALL-I mode with MP4, MOV and AVCHD formats all offered
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on the side of the unit. This feature allows a group of viewers to watch video without a television, a full-size projector or a computer. These camcorders were a huge success and Sony subsequently released further models in this range. Sony's 2014 line up comprises the HDR-PJ240, HDR-PJ330
1598:(1982): Originally designed for portable VCRs, this standard was later adapted for compact consumer camcorders; identical in quality to VHS; cassettes play in VHS VCRs with an adapter. Still available in the low-end consumer market. Relatively short running time compared to other formats.
812:
On digital camcorders, the video resolution, frame rate, and/or bit rate may be adjustable between higher quality but larger file sizes and lower quality but extended recording time on remaining storage. The image sensor may have a higher resolution than the recorded video, allowing for
585:, the camcorder has 20x optical zoom in a compact body with dual XLR audio inputs, Internal ND filters and separate control rings for focus, iris and zoom. In HD capture, the camcorder enables in-camera downscaling of the 4K image to HD to reduce noise inherent in the smaller sensor.
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how much light can enter the camera for maintaining a shallow depth of field or giving a softer appearance to motion. For one hour video shooting in 4K the camera needs about 32 GB to accommodate a data transfer rate of 50 Mbit/s. The camera's MSRP in the US is USD $ 2,000.
963:, losing large chunks of data. An analog recording may be "usable" after its storage media deteriorates severely, but slight media degradation in digital recordings may trigger an "all or nothing" failure; the digital recording will be unplayable without extensive restoration.
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detail as a live video feed. All camcorders have a recorder-controlling section, allowing the user to switch the recorder into playback mode for reviewing recorded footage, and an image-control section controlling exposure, focus and
2321:
1011:
compression, frame-specific editing requires frame regeneration, additional processing and may lose picture information. Codecs storing each frame individually, easing frame-specific scene editing, are common in professional use.
1660:(1995): Initially developed by Sony, the DV standard became the most widespread standard-definition digital camcorder technology for the next decade. Users could connect their DV camcorders to their computers, using 4- or 6-pin
1501:
goes further, insisting that all students purchase their own camcorder (or similar) as a prerequisite to their MAT education programs (many of which are delivered online). These programs employ a modified version of
809:. The former allows measuring the exact and undistorted recording time of scenes even if intermittently paused, and the latter may encompass aperture, frames' exposure duration, exposure value, and photosensitivity.
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film to digital video in the early 2010s, due to the reduced expense and ease of editing of digital media and the increasing scarcity of film stock and equipment. Some camcorder manufacturers cater to this market;
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Since the consumer market favors ease of use, portability and price, most consumer-grade camcorders emphasize handling and automation over audio and video performance. Most devices with camcorder capability are
1192:
The high end of the consumer market emphasizes user control and advanced shooting modes. More-expensive consumer camcorders offer manual exposure control, HDMI output and external audio input, progressive-scan
1391:
Camcorders often cover weddings, birthdays, graduations, children's growth and other personal events. The rise of the consumer camcorder during the mid- to late 1980s led to the creation of TV shows such as
1383:
Scheduled events (such as press conferences), where a video infrastructure is readily available or can be deployed in advance, are still covered by studio-type video cameras "tethered" to production trucks.
710:
In consumer units these adjustments are often automatically controlled by the camcorder, but can be adjusted manually if desired. Professional-grade units offer user control of all major optical functions.
743:, usually CCD but could be CMOS. In this case the exact alignment of the three sensors so that the red, green and blue components of the video output are correctly aligned, is the manufacturing challenge.
951:; however, they are more prone to complete loss. Although digital information can theoretically be stored indefinitely without deterioration, some digital formats (like MiniDV) place tracks only about 10
731:) are actually reset globally by charging to a fixed voltage, and discharged towards zero individually proportionally to the accumulated light, because it is simpler to manufacture the sensor that way.
1248:
and personal media players offer video-capture capability, but most multipurpose devices offer less video-capture functionality than an equivalent camcorder. Most lack manual adjustments, audio input,
1412:
Camcorders are used in the production of low-budget TV shows if the production crew lacks access to more expensive equipment. Movies have been shot entirely on consumer camcorder equipment, including
257:; a detachable recording unit could be carried to a shooting location. Although the camera itself was compact, the need for a separate recorder made on-location shooting a two-person job. Specialized
959:
and error-correction code on the tape compensates for most defects. On analog media, similar damage registers as "noise" in the video, leaving a deteriorated (but watchable) video. DVDs may develop
649:
tubes) converts incident light into an electrical signal. The recorder converts the electrical signal to video, encoding it in a storable form. The lens and imager comprise the "camera" section.
1785:
Since most manufacturers focus their support on
Windows and Mac users, users of other operating systems have difficulty finding support for their devices. However, open-source products such as
2120:
235:
Sony
Betamovie BMC-110 (BMC-100P in PAL markets) is the first consumer camcorder. Released in 1983 for the Betamax format. It has no playback functionality and is only capable of recording.
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with these capabilities are more expensive than the most expensive video-capable DSLR. In video applications where the DSLR's operational deficiencies can be mitigated, DSLRs such as the
928:
Digital video storage retains higher-quality video than analog storage, especially on the prosumer and strictly consumer levels. MiniDV storage allows full-resolution video (720x576 for
489:
as an inexpensive, tapeless, high-definition video format. AVCHD camcorders are produced by Sony, Panasonic, Canon, JVC and
Hitachi. About this time, some consumer grade camcorders with
404:; however, DVD capability, due to the limitations of the format, is largely limited to consumer-level equipment targeted at people who are not likely to spend any great amount of effort
837:
This older RCA camcorder records on standard analog VHS media. Its bulk- partly due to the use of full-size VHS cassettes- makes it more suited to shoulder-mounted use, as seen here.
281:) releasing a model for mobile work. Portable recorders meant that recorded video footage could be aired on the early-evening news, since it was no longer necessary to develop film.
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and zoom. Few capture in standard TV-video formats (480p60, 720p60, 1080i30), recording in either non-TV resolutions (320x240, 640x480) or slower frame rates (15 or 30 fps).
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A multipurpose device used as a camcorder offers inferior handling, audio and video performance, which limits its utility for extended or adverse shooting situations. The
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projects across subject boundaries. Teacher evaluation involves a teacher's classroom lessons being recorded for review by officials, especially for questions of teacher
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to support high definition (HD). The format was intended for professional camcorders, and used full-size DVCPRO cassettes. In 2003 Sony, JVC, Canon and Sharp introduced
2347:
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codec-based format: Records MPEG-2 program stream or MPEG-2 transport stream to various kinds of tapeless standard and HD media (hard disks, solid-state memory, etc.).
2396:
920:. Both are analog detectors, using photodiodes to pass a current proportional to the light striking them. The current is then digitised before being electronically
300:
BMC-100P. It used a
Betamax cassette and rested on the operator's shoulder, due to a design not permitting a single-handed grip. That year, JVC released the first
1212:
can hold several hours of standard-definition video, and is fast enough to edit footage without additional upgrades. Most consumer camcorders are sold with basic
577:
In 2015, consumer UHD (3840x2160) camcorders below USD $ 1000 became available. Sony released the FDRAX33, and
Panasonic released the HC-WX970K and the HC-VX870.
1776:: Amendment to H.264/MPEG-4 AVC video compression for sequences captured from multiple cameras using a single video stream; backwards-compatible with H.264
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and recording format has declined; video can be recorded onto different media. With tapeless formats, recording media are storage for digital files.
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and college TV studios. Full-size Super-VHS (S-VHS) camcorders were released in 1987, providing an inexpensive way to collect news segments or other
2254:
2116:
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were also introduced early in the 21st century. Although they still have the handling and usability deficiencies of other multipurpose devices,
955:
apart (compared with 19–58 μm for VHS). A digital recording is more vulnerable to wrinkles or stretches in the tape which could erase data, but
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1483:
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Camcorders have three major components: lens, imager and recorder. The lens gathers light, focusing it on the imager. The imager (usually a
400:
Camcorders using DVD media were popular at the turn of the 21st century due to the convenience of being able to drop a disc into the family
2060:
1047:, so the transfer of a 60-minute tape requires one hour to transfer and about 13 GB of disk space for the raw footage (plus space for
2056:
The
Digital Consumer Technology Handbook: A Comprehensive Guide to Devices, Standards, Future Directions, and Programmable Logic Solutions
2034:
2450:
1974:
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The video player may allow for navigation between individual frames and extraction of still frames from footage to standalone pictures.
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algorithm present in most commercial digital video formats. In 1995 Sony, JVC, Panasonic and other video-camera manufacturers launched
1604:(1985): Small-format tape developed by Sony to compete with VHS-C's palm-sized design; equivalent to VHS or Betamax in picture quality
937:
1801:
operating system) allow editing of most popular digital formats on alternative operating systems and can be used in conjunction with
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1686:(1996): A variety of recordable optical disc standards were released by multiple manufacturers during the 1990s and 2000s, of which
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833:
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cassette. Later HD models featured larger screens. In 2011, the Flip Video (more recently manufactured by Cisco) was discontinued.
324:
began producing camcorders using a full-size VHS cassette with a three-hour capacity. These shoulder-mount camcorders were used by
2527:
2370:
227:
Prior to the camcorder, a portable recorder and camera would be required. This is a Sony SL-F1 Betamax recorder and video camera.
1181:, in which video is a secondary capability. Some pocket cameras, mobile phones and camcorders are shock-, dust- and waterproof.
2135:
1498:
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technology, in which the charge of a light-sensitive target was directly proportional to the amount of light striking it; the
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1945:
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were large and heavy, mounted on special pedestals and wired to remote recorders in separate rooms. As technology improved,
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2002:
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The Flip Video was a series of tapeless camcorders introduced by Pure Digital Technologies in 2006. Slightly larger than a
2589:
1048:
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The lens is the first component of the light path. Camcorder optics generally have one or more of the following controls:
1324:
cassette and smaller than most smartphones on the market. In fact the Mino was small enough to fit inside the shell of a
2594:
2477:
2042:
1923:
100:
1447:(24 fps, progressive scan—the same frame rate as cinema film) video in some high-end models for easy film conversion.
1353:(entry-level models), HDR-PJ530 (mid-range model) and the HDR-PJ810 (top of the range). Specifications vary by model.
769:
72:
2410:
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form, Digital8, MiniDV, DVD and hard-disk drives have no longer been manufactured in consumer camcorders since 2006.
569:") camcorder Sony FDR-AX100 with a 1" 20.9MP sensor able to shoot 4K video in 3840x2160 pixels 30fps or 24fps in the
1553:
BCE Color (1955): First color tape storage for video, manufactured by Bing Crosby Entertainment from Ampex equipment
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The issue of digital-camcorder forensics to recover data (e.g. video files with timestamps) has been addressed.
1568:(Vera) (1955): An experimental recording standard developed by the BBC, it was never used or sold commercially.
1511:
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primarily intended for still pictures, whereas dedicated camcorders are often equipped with more functions and
2436:
1586:(1975): Used on old Sony and Sanyo camcorders and portables; obsolete by the late 1980s in the consumer market
1918:
1414:
1639:(1988): Used in low to mid-range consumer equipment but also was available as prosumer/industrial equipment
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as if they were present in class. Camcorders have allowed USC to decentralize its teacher preparation from
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Sony Handycam DCR-IP7BT MICROMV camcorder and Sony MICROMV tape (top), compared with MiniDV and Hi8 tapes
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BCE (1954): First tape storage for video, manufactured by Bing Crosby Entertainment from Ampex equipment
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car's speed at the time of recording, compass direction and geographical coordinates may also be seen.
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Camcorders using standard DVD media like this (or more commonly MiniDVD) were marketed in the 2000s.
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for traditional camcorders as more and more consumers prefer to record video with their 4K-capable
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1608:
Hi-Band: Approximately 5 MHz bandwidth (420 lines EIA resolution, or ~ 550x480 edge-to-edge)
160:
battery facing towards the user, hot-swappable recording media, and an internally contained quiet
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Lo-Band: Approximately 3 MHz bandwidth (250 lines EIA resolution, or ~333x480 edge-to-edge)
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developed video capability during the early 21st century, reducing sales of low-end camcorders.
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depending on the resolution and frame rate. With use 1/2.3" small sensor as commonly is used by
2204:
1770:: Puts H.264 video into a transport-stream file format; compressed in H.264 format (not MPEG-4)
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2054:
1729:
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is an example of such an imaging tube. Newer analog, and digital camcorders use a solid-state
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1970:
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for online broadcast solutions; software to edit DV streams is available on most platforms.
1764:: Compressed video using the H.264 codec in an MPEG-4 file; usually stored in tapeless media
1518:
to most American states and abroad; this has increased the number of teachers it can train.
1344:
In 2011, Sony launched its HDR-PJ range of HD camcorders: the HDR-PJ10, 30 and 50. Known as
1289:
Combo-cameras combine full-feature still cameras and camcorders in a single unit. The Sanyo
1068:
740:
588:
As of January 2017, the only major manufacturer to announce new consumer camcorders at CES (
360:
250:
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recording became the norm, and additionally tape was replaced by storage media such as mini-
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In 2011 Panasonic, Sony, and JVC released consumer-grade camcorders capable of filming in
180:
566:
2512:
1949:
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Simplex (1955): Developed commercially by RCA and used to record live broadcasts by NBC
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1140:
port to transfer video onto a computer. Professional models include other options like
956:
669:
203:
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93:
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Interchangeable-lens camcorders can capture HD video with DSLR lenses and an adapter.
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for this format, and editing software was proprietary to Sony and only available on
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1562:(1955): Developed formally by Ampex, this was the recording standard for 20 years.
787:(usually digital), a pressure-sensitive knob for zooming at a controllable speed,
485:
as a recording medium for DVCPRO-HD video. In 2006 Panasonic and Sony introduced
1998:
1858:
1464:
1463:. Students use camcorders to record video diaries, make short films and develop
1220:
tape. None of the consumer-class camcorders announced at the 2006 International
1099:
1008:
952:
917:
905:
791:
for illuminating in darkness – possibly with an option to adjust automatically,
606:
565:
In CES (January) 2014, Sony announced the first consumer/low-end professional ("
498:
494:
482:
448:
333:
223:
35:
2205:"Sony Digital Video Recorder Handycam Operating Guide – DCR-HC52/HC54 (MiniDV)"
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936:), unlike analog consumer-video standards. Digital video does not experience
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862:
806:
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1704:(1998): JVC's VHS tape supporting 720p/1080i HD; many units also supported
1621:
BVU-SP (1985): Largely used in high-end consumer and professional equipment
1506:
to deliver the courses. Recordings of MAT student work are posted on USC's
1298:
has introduced the DZHV 584E/EW, with 1080p resolution and a touch screen.
1031:
to a computer where large files (for DV, 1 GB for 4 to 4.6 minutes in
2414:
2230:"Sony reveals Spring Handycam lineup, including CX760V, XR260V, and CX190"
1670:(1995): Panasonic released its own variant of the DV format for broadcast
1538:
1526:
The following list covers consumer equipment only (for other formats, see
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mounted on the left side, a belt to facilitate holding on the right side,
17:
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1711:
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1024:
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BVU (1982): Largely used in high-end consumer and professional equipment
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such as date/time and technical parameters may be stored in a separate
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as the first affordable HD video format, due to its use of inexpensive
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as 20th century ones did. Tapeless camcorders record video as digital
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Panasonic HC-V500/V500M Full HD camcorder – B&H Photo & Video
2104:
JVC Everio GS-TD1 Review – TrustedReviews – June 1, 2011 7:15 am BST
1755:
1667:
1601:
1468:
1321:
1216:, so users can create their own DVDs or share edited footage online.
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858:
622:
456:
336:. Sony upgraded Video8, releasing the Hi8 in competition with S-VHS.
309:
253:
video recording was possible with compact video cameras and portable
2117:"Sony FDR-AX100 review - Hands on with first consumer 4K camcorder"
1648:
1580:
S (1974): A smaller version of U-matic, used for portable recorders
1494:'s Department of Teaching and Learning MAT programme are examples.
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1798:
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1761:
1701:
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or SSD; similar flash technology is used on semi-pro and high-end
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recording in the early 1990s. Sony later released a HD version of
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1627:(1987): Largely used in mid-range consumer and prosumer equipment
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1036:
933:
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570:
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incompatible recording format. It became standard equipment for
270:
1724:(2001): Matchbox-sized cassette. Sony was the only electronics
1043:, converted and recorded back to tape. The transfer is done in
377:
standard for home video production, independent filmmaking and
304:
camcorder. Kodak announced a new camcorder format in 1984, the
2520:
Conferences in Research and Practice in Information Technology
1913:
1907:
1745:
1715:
1694:, which used recordable 8 cm discs holding 30 minutes of
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formats. They are normally capable of still-image capture to
1736:
programmers did manage to create capture software for Linux.
971:
Older digital camcorders record video onto tape digitally,
136:
A Canon VIXIA HF10 camcorder; this is one of Canon's first
152:
as its primary function. It is typically equipped with an
943:
Unlike analog formats, digital formats do not experience
690:: Regulates exposure to maintain desired motion portrayal
2136:"B+H give first look at Panasonic HC-X1000 4K Camcorder"
1592:(1976): Compatible with VHS VCRs; no longer manufactured
1378:
Operating a Panasonic VDRM70 DVD camcorder with one hand
1348:, they were the first camcorders to incorporate a small
1286:
provide depth-of-field and optical-perspective control.
1232:
Video-capture capability is not confined to camcorders.
904:
In the earliest analog camcorders the imaging device is
296:
Sony released the first consumer camcorder in 1983, the
2296:"Sony Launches Six New Entry-Level Camcorders for 2013"
1718:
tapes; most can read older Video8 and Hi8 analog tapes.
447:
Panasonic launched DVCPRO HD in 2000, expanding the DV
2027:
David Buckingham, Rebekah Willett, Maria Pini (2011),
1059:
A tapeless camcorder is a camcorder that does not use
2411:"Handycam HD camcorder with built in projector: Sony"
1999:"Separate camera and recorder; First VHS-C camcorder"
817:
by cropping the area read out from the image sensor.
1574:(1971): Tape originally used by Sony to record video
416:
camcorder in 2000, using the more compact 8 cm
148:
is a self-contained portable electronic device with
1185:and more easy to obtain credit to spread payments.
198:More recent devices capable of recording video are
167:The earliest camcorders were tape-based, recording
60:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1478:are used in new-teacher preparation courses. The
600:only announced details regarding their Mirrorless
2393:"Sony NEX-VG10: An HD Camcorder With DSLR Brains"
2183:
2181:
1993:
1991:
1690:was the first. The most common in camcorders was
538:-based digital formats, the relationship between
2279:: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (
2261:. Archived from the original on October 23, 2013
1940:
1938:
1455:Schools in the developed world increasingly use
284:In 1983, Sony released the first camcorder, the
2451:"Transfer Video from your Camcorder to Your PC"
2030:Home Truths? Video Production and Domestic Life
1148:. Some tapeless camcorders are equipped with a
768:Dedicated camcorders are usually equipped with
471:tapeless video format in 2003, introducing the
1971:"Britannica online encyclopedia: camcamcorder"
1152:(IEEE-1394) port to ensure compatibility with
983:. Newer machines since 2006 record video onto
534:entered the market. With the proliferation of
339:Digital technology emerged with the 1986 Sony
210:than more common cameras, such as an internal
1474:Student camcorder-created material and other
1430:. Academic filmmaking programs switched from
1136:Consumer-grade tapeless camcorders include a
389:(the first tapeless video recording system).
8:
1208:workstation to control them. A typical home
1117:Most consumer-level tapeless camcorders use
1015:Other digital consumer camcorders record in
1102:, while some more expensive camcorders use
2507:Ariffin, Aswami; Choo, Kim-Kwang Raymond;
2363:"Why Cisco killed the Flip mini camcorder"
2188:Panasonic HC-V500 and HC-V500M user manual
2023:
2021:
2019:
1633:(1987): Limited to low-end consumer market
1398:, which showcases homemade video footage.
1294:features approaching that of a camcorder.
1023:format on tape, transferring content over
897:. While all these formats record video in
2511:. Thomborson, C.; Parampalli, U. (eds.).
841:Camcorders are often classified by their
120:Learn how and when to remove this message
27:Video camera with built-in video recorder
723:, or a photodiode array which may be an
544:
308:. Sony introduced its compact 8 mm
2399:from the original on September 8, 2012.
2332:from the original on November 29, 2016.
1934:
783:Additional possible features include a
700:signal strength in low-light conditions
2361:Reardon, Marguerite (April 13, 2011).
2350:from the original on January 17, 2012.
2272:
2142:from the original on December 27, 2014
2123:from the original on January 13, 2014.
475:. Panasonic followed in 2004 with its
359:, the first digital video format with
140:format Flash Memory Full HD camcorders
2533:from the original on October 23, 2013
2429:"Consumer Electronics | Sony UK"
2373:from the original on October 25, 2013
2228:Snow, Christopher (January 9, 2012).
1566:Vision electronic recording apparatus
1370:Professional TV camcorder (1990s-era)
7:
2081:"Hitachi DZ-MV100 DVD-RAM camcorder"
549:Professional-grade digital camcorder
347:data and required a large amount of
58:adding citations to reliable sources
2320:Pogue, David (September 20, 2007).
2294:McCabe, Liam F. (January 7, 2013).
1680:(1996): Sony's answer to the DVCPRO
2413:. November 1, 2011. Archived from
1752:MPEG-2 signal on a MiniDV cassette
861:are examples of late 20th century
432:system, launched in 1984, allowed
25:
2585:Audiovisual introductions in 1983
1748:(2004): Records up to an hour of
1664:sockets then common on computers.
2457:from the original on 23 May 2011
1823:
1278:lacking in consumer camcorders.
596:with its entry-level HD models.
34:
2476:Dennedy, Dan (August 2, 2003).
2322:"Beware the tapeless camcorder"
2115:Seth Barton (January 9, 2014).
2005:from the original on 2008-10-16
1977:from the original on 2009-12-10
1742:(2003): Manufactured by Hitachi
1499:USC Rossier School of Education
893:and solid-state, semiconductor
865:-based camcorders which record
45:needs additional citations for
2134:Dan Chung (3 September 2014).
1395:America's Funniest Home Videos
780:microphone, and touch screen.
739:, introduced around 2007, are
706:: Regulates exposure intensity
517:In 2010, after the success of
1:
2513:"Digital Camcorder Forensics"
1204:required two recorders and a
2344:"Kodak PlaySport Zx5 Review"
2043:University of Michigan Press
1924:List of Panasonic camcorders
795:which may be assisted by an
501:file formats, accessible by
2255:"Videotape Life Expectancy"
1891:—A toy camcorder that used
770:optical image stabilization
412:released the world's first
312:format in 1985. That year,
2611:
1405:
1305:
1280:Professional video cameras
1238:digital single-lens reflex
1112:high-definition television
1110:for ultrafast transfer of
1108:professional video cameras
916:imaging device (CCD) or a
873:camcorder formats include
343:, a device which recorded
1884:Professional video camera
1270:video offers the shallow
1222:Consumer Electronics Show
1200:Before the 21st century,
975:, hard drives, and small
365:discrete cosine transform
175:cassettes. In the 2000s,
2210:. Sony. 2008. p. 34
2161:Sony DCR-PC3 user manual
1482:Department of Education
1142:Serial digital interface
1051:files and other media).
891:direct to disk recording
590:Consumer Electronic Show
242:originally designed for
2300:Reviewed.com Camcorders
2234:Reviewed.com Camcorders
1919:List of Sony camcorders
1415:The Blair Witch Project
1179:compact digital cameras
473:Professional Disc (PFD)
259:videocassette recorders
1893:compact audio cassette
1774:Multiview Video Coding
1653:
1543:
1379:
1371:
1332:Interchangeable lenses
1276:interchangeable lenses
1214:video editing software
1125:or its derivatives as
1003:format. Because these
838:
704:Neutral density filter
645:; earlier models used
550:
397:
351:for its time. In 1992
236:
228:
141:
2555:History of Camcorders
2259:Video Tape Discussion
1849:Charge-coupled device
1651:
1541:
1377:
1369:
1264:high-definition video
1133:format additionally.
987:devices and internal
836:
815:lossless digital zoom
741:triple sensor cameras
664:(or iris): Regulates
548:
408:their video footage.
395:
234:
226:
135:
2590:Consumer electronics
2488:on February 22, 2012
2439:on January 17, 2013.
1560:Quadruplex videotape
1480:University of Oxford
1096:pocket video cameras
1077:data storage devices
1039:resolutions) can be
867:video in analog form
719:The imager, often a
467:Sony introduced the
424:High definition (HD)
54:improve this article
2595:Japanese inventions
2561:How Camcorders Work
2395:. August 13, 2011.
1879:Pocket video camera
1516:Southern California
1427:Paranormal Activity
940:, jitter, or fade.
725:Active Pixel Sensor
629:, and many others.
592:) in Las Vegas was
261:were introduced by
154:articulating screen
150:video and recording
2326:The New York Times
2063:2018-04-07 at the
2053:Amit Dhir (2004),
2037:2018-05-10 at the
1946:"Welcome to nginx"
1831:Electronics portal
1654:
1544:
1510:for evaluation by
1476:digital technology
1408:Shot-on-video film
1380:
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1340:Built-in projector
1262:DSLR cameras with
1224:recorded on tape.
1104:solid-state drives
989:solid-state drives
839:
829:Analog and digital
551:
398:
379:citizen journalism
237:
229:
142:
2482:Kino Video Editor
2417:on April 5, 2012.
2346:. July 19, 2006.
1809:Digital forensics
1797:(written for the
1781:Operating systems
1730:Microsoft Windows
1492:Steinhardt School
1461:digital education
1210:personal computer
1069:video productions
1065:digital recording
602:Micro Four Thirds
371:, which became a
306:8 mm video format
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16:(Redirected from
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2484:. Archived from
2478:"MicrMV capture"
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2435:. Archived from
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1948:. Archived from
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1542:Video8 Camcorder
1284:Canon 5D Mark II
1114:(HDTV) content.
1087:and solid-state
1085:hard disk drives
530:, full 1080p HD
457:MiniDV cassettes
361:data compression
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2557:by Mark Shapiro
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2065:Wayback Machine
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1312:Flip Video Mino
1306:Main articles:
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1168:Consumer market
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967:Recording media
945:generation loss
938:colour bleeding
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1421:28 Days Later
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689:
688:Shutter speed
686:
684:
683:angle of view
680:
676:
673:
671:
668:and controls
667:
663:
660:
659:
658:
652:
650:
648:
644:
640:
632:
630:
628:
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586:
584:
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575:
572:
568:
560:
558:
556:
547:
543:
541:
537:
533:
532:3D camcorders
529:
528:
524:
520:
519:James Cameron
512:
510:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
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419:
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411:
407:
406:video editing
403:
394:
390:
388:
384:
381:. That year,
380:
376:
375:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
334:videographies
331:
330:videographers
328:, industrial
327:
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319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
294:
292:
287:
282:
280:
276:
272:
268:
264:
260:
256:
252:
251:out-of-studio
248:
245:
241:
240:Video cameras
233:
225:
218:
216:
213:
209:
205:
201:
200:camera phones
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
174:
170:
165:
163:
159:
158:hot-swappable
155:
151:
147:
139:
134:
124:
121:
113:
102:
99:
95:
92:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71: –
70:
66:
65:Find sources:
59:
55:
49:
48:
43:This article
41:
37:
32:
31:
19:
2535:. Retrieved
2523:
2519:
2502:
2490:. Retrieved
2486:the original
2481:
2471:
2459:. Retrieved
2445:
2437:the original
2432:
2423:
2415:the original
2405:
2387:
2375:. Retrieved
2366:
2356:
2338:
2325:
2315:
2303:. Retrieved
2299:
2289:
2263:. Retrieved
2258:
2249:
2237:. Retrieved
2233:
2223:
2212:. Retrieved
2199:
2172:
2167:
2156:
2146:December 27,
2144:. Retrieved
2129:
2110:
2099:
2088:. Retrieved
2084:
2075:
2055:
2049:
2029:
2007:. Retrieved
1979:. Retrieved
1965:
1954:. Retrieved
1950:the original
1812:
1784:
1740:Blu-ray Disc
1726:manufacturer
1607:
1545:
1525:
1496:
1473:
1454:
1425:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1393:
1390:
1381:
1343:
1335:
1315:
1288:
1261:
1257:camera phone
1254:
1240:and compact
1231:
1218:
1199:
1191:
1187:
1183:
1171:
1135:
1127:video coding
1116:
1100:memory cards
1094:Inexpensive
1093:
1089:flash memory
1058:
1014:
985:flash memory
970:
942:
927:
903:
895:flash memory
840:
819:
811:
801:
793:night vision
782:
774:optical zoom
767:
758:
750:
733:
718:
709:
679:focal length
656:
636:
587:
579:
576:
564:
552:
525:
516:
483:memory cards
466:
446:
427:
399:
372:
345:uncompressed
338:
295:
283:
238:
212:optical zoom
197:
189:flash memory
166:
162:optical zoom
145:
143:
116:
110:October 2013
107:
97:
90:
83:
76:
64:
52:Please help
47:verification
44:
2537:October 22,
2492:October 23,
2377:October 22,
2305:October 22,
2265:October 22,
2239:October 22,
1859:Dew warning
1734:open source
1732:; however,
1465:multi-media
1387:Home movies
1195:frame rates
1009:inter-frame
973:microdrives
953:micrometers
918:CMOS imager
906:vacuum-tube
677:: Controls
643:CMOS sensor
607:smartphones
561:4K Ultra HD
499:MOD and TOD
495:memory card
480:solid state
385:introduced
355:introduced
326:videophiles
187:, internal
69:"Camcorder"
2580:Camcorders
2574:Categories
2509:Slay, Jill
2214:2022-01-17
2090:2023-12-14
2058:, page 263
2009:2007-09-14
1981:2008-08-05
1956:2011-01-07
1930:References
1899:SteadyShot
1874:PictBridge
1869:Flip Video
1708:recording.
1508:web portal
1318:smartphone
1308:Flip Video
1302:Flip Video
1234:Cellphones
1098:use flash
1061:video tape
785:viewfinder
737:JVC GZ-HD3
633:Components
402:DVD player
363:using the
244:television
208:interfaces
80:newspapers
18:Camcorders
2461:15 August
1791:Cinelerra
1706:IEEE 1394
1692:MiniDVD-R
1528:videotape
1451:Education
1441:Panasonic
1346:Handycams
1250:autofocus
1164:formats.
1144:(SDI) or
1045:real time
863:videotape
698:Amplifies
598:Panasonic
491:hard disk
444:in 1997.
430:Sony HDVS
349:bandwidth
314:Panasonic
298:Betamovie
247:broadcast
173:videotape
146:camcorder
2528:Archived
2455:Archived
2397:Archived
2371:Archived
2348:Archived
2330:Archived
2275:cite web
2140:Archived
2121:Archived
2085:DPReview
2069:Elsevier
2061:Archived
2035:Archived
2032:, page 9
2003:Archived
1975:Archived
1889:PXL-2000
1864:FireWire
1817:See also
1787:Kdenlive
1712:Digital8
1662:FireWire
1443:support
1242:digicams
1150:FireWire
1079:such as
1063:for the
1055:Tapeless
1049:rendered
1025:FireWire
957:tracking
875:Digital8
803:Metadata
789:LED lamp
747:Recorder
666:exposure
662:Aperture
625:, Sony,
567:prosumer
521:'s 2009
463:Tapeless
374:de facto
193:SD cards
1722:MICROMV
1688:DVD-RAM
1644:Digital
1631:S-VHS-C
1619:U-matic
1613:U-matic
1584:Betamax
1578:U-matic
1572:U-matic
1522:Formats
1512:faculty
1296:Hitachi
1246:laptops
1156:-based
1091:cards.
1029:USB 2.0
977:DVD-RAM
961:DVD rot
949:dubbing
947:during
922:scanned
910:Vidicon
899:digital
855:Betamax
647:vidicon
523:3D film
505:from a
493:and/or
440:called
438:Betacam
418:MiniDVD
414:DVD-RAM
410:Hitachi
387:Editcam
383:Ikegami
322:Hitachi
286:Betacam
279:Betamax
277:, with
275:U-matic
219:History
185:MiniDVD
177:digital
94:scholar
2192:mirror
1756:MPEG-2
1698:video.
1668:DVCPRO
1602:Video8
1534:Analog
1469:tenure
1322:MiniDV
1123:MPEG-4
1119:MPEG-2
1041:edited
1005:codecs
1001:MPEG-4
997:MPEG-2
993:MPEG-1
981:DVD-Rs
879:MiniDV
859:Video8
778:stereo
715:Imager
623:Xiaomi
613:, and
571:XAVC-S
527:Avatar
310:Video8
269:) and
164:lens.
96:
89:
82:
75:
67:
2563:from
2531:(PDF)
2516:(PDF)
2208:(PDF)
1910:port.
1844:AVCHD
1799:Linux
1768:AVCHD
1762:H.264
1702:D-VHS
1678:DVCAM
1625:S-VHS
1596:VHS-C
1437:Canon
1362:Media
1291:Xacti
1268:HDSLR
1075:onto
851:VHS-C
824:Types
729:pixel
627:Nikon
619:GoPro
617:from
611:DSLRs
594:Canon
487:AVCHD
469:XDCAM
449:codec
442:HDCAM
434:1080i
353:Ampex
302:VHS-C
171:onto
138:AVCHD
101:JSTOR
87:books
2539:2013
2494:2013
2463:2011
2379:2013
2367:CNET
2307:2003
2281:link
2267:2013
2241:2013
2148:2014
1906:and
1854:CMOS
1839:3CCD
1795:Kino
1793:and
1750:HDTV
1696:MPEG
1497:The
1484:PGCE
1459:and
1439:and
1432:16mm
1424:and
1357:Uses
1310:and
1274:and
1160:and
1146:HDMI
1131:JPEG
1037:NTSC
1007:use
934:NTSC
735:the
694:Gain
681:and
675:Zoom
653:Lens
536:file
428:The
320:and
271:Sony
202:and
191:and
73:news
2524:138
1914:VTR
1908:USB
1803:OBS
1746:HDV
1716:Hi8
1637:Hi8
1590:VHS
1530:):
1490:'s
1488:NYU
1445:24p
1326:VHS
1177:or
1162:HDV
1138:USB
1067:of
1033:PAL
1027:or
1021:HDV
1019:or
999:or
991:in
979:or
930:PAL
883:DVD
847:VHS
721:CCD
641:or
639:CCD
503:USB
453:HDV
357:DCT
318:RCA
267:VHS
263:JVC
181:HDD
56:by
2576::
2526:.
2522:.
2518:.
2480:.
2431:.
2369:.
2365:.
2328:.
2324:.
2298:.
2277:}}
2273:{{
2257:.
2232:.
2180:^
2138:.
2119:.
2083:.
2067:,
2041:,
2018:^
1990:^
1973:.
1937:^
1789:,
1658:DV
1471:.
1418:,
1244:,
1236:,
1158:DV
1121:,
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1017:DV
995:,
889:,
885:,
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877:,
869:.
857:,
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776:,
772:,
756:.
696::
621:,
609:,
555:3D
513:3D
509:.
507:PC
477:P2
459:.
420:.
369:DV
341:D1
316:,
293:.
195:.
183:,
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1984:.
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