1260:
589:
1077:
618:
656:
146:
710:
124:
550:
306:
683:
1286:
448:. The musculature of the hind limbs differs from those of other ungulates in that the legs are attached to the body only at the top of the thigh, rather than attached by skin and muscle from the knee upwards. Because of this, camelids have to lie down by resting on their knees with their legs tucked underneath their bodies. They have three-chambered
737:
487:
Camelids are behaviorally similar in many ways, including their walking gait, in which both legs on the same side are moved simultaneously. While running, camelids engage a unique "running pace gait" in which limbs on the same side move in the same pattern they walk, with both left legs moving and
479:
is Greek for "padded foot"). Most of the weight of the animal rests on these tough, leathery sole pads. The South
American camelids have adapted to the steep and rocky terrain by adjusting the pads on their toes to maintain grip. The surface area of Camels foot pads can increase with increasing
488:
then both right, which ensures that the fore and hind limb will not collide while in fast motion. During this motion, all four limbs momentarily are off the ground at the same time. Consequently, camelids large enough for human beings to ride have a typical swaying motion.
1110:
Camelids are unusual in that their modern distribution is almost the inverse of their area of origin. Camelids first appeared very early in the evolution of the even-toed ungulates, around 50 to 40 million years ago during the middle
405:
480:
velocity in order to reduce pressure on the feet and larger members of the camelid species will usually have larger pad area, which helps to distribute weight across the foot. Many fossil camelids were
2420:, Ames, Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell. Chapter 1 "General Biology and Evolution" addresses the fact that camelids (including camels and llamas) are not ruminants, pseudo-ruminants, or modified ruminants.
498:
The three Afro-Asian camel species have developed extensive adaptations to their lives in harsh, near-waterless environments. Wild populations of the
Bactrian camel are even able to drink
3195:
1185:
The original camelids of North
America remained common until the quite recent geological past, but then disappeared, possibly as a result of hunting or habitat alterations by the
7964:
8016:
1222:, stood 3.5 m at the shoulder, compared with about 2.0 m for the largest modern camelids. Other extinct camelids included small, gazelle-like animals, such as
1197:
of central Asia; and the South
American group, which has now diverged into a range of forms that are closely related, but usually classified as four species -
1189:, and possibly as a result of changing environmental conditions after the last ice age, or a combination of these factors. Three species groups survived - the
3124:
8098:
2703:
1106:
The yellow dot is the origin of the family
Camelidae and the black arrows are the historic migration routes that explain the present-day distribution.
7938:
8108:
7977:
2906:
3245:
2759:
2734:
2590:
2489:
2451:
2398:
452:, rather than four-chambered ones; their upper lips are split in two, with each part separately mobile; and, uniquely among mammals, their
7688:
3166:
2994:
1186:
1228:. Finally, a number of very tall, giraffe-like camelids were adapted to feeding on leaves from high trees, including such genera as
3012:"The fossil record of camelids demonstrates a late divergence between Bactrian camel and dromedary=Acta Palaeontologica Polonica"
2607:
7995:
7982:
1259:
588:
2750:
Moore, Katherine M. (2016). "Early
Domesticated Camelids in the Andes". In Capriles, Jose M.; Tripcevich, Nicholas (eds.).
8003:
3597:
2608:"Locomotor evolution in camels revisited: a quantitative analysis of pedal anatomy and the acquisition of the pacing gait"
4386:
3218:
2775:
Cui, Peng; Ji, Rimutu; Ding, Feng; Qi, Dan; Gao, Hongwei; Meng, He; Yu, Jun; Hu, Songnian; Zhang, Heping (2007-07-18).
7990:
7886:
7873:
492:
3666:
3238:
3073:
2934:
1279:
1171:
617:
145:
8021:
6643:
3588:
3579:
2914:
2623:
1076:
8103:
2949:
465:
6430:
3058:
2979:
2964:
8070:
1150:, about 17 million years ago, but remained restricted to North America until about 6 million years ago, when
7681:
7079:
6592:
6472:
4368:
4028:
3509:
460:, which lack the light chain, in addition to the normal antibodies found in other mammals. These so-called
7813:
7723:
4130:
3836:
3755:
2366:
of
Camelids in order to show how camelids are important for food security, economics and culture for many
1251:) is still debated. The divergence date is 0.7 million years ago, long before the start of domestication.
1102:
461:
8052:
4535:
3764:
3648:
3231:
1512:
7891:
7280:
6310:
2505:
Clemente, Christofer J.; Dick, Taylor J. M.; Glen, Christopher L.; Panagiotopoulou, Olga (2020-03-02).
1556:
1324:
290:
8031:
7912:
7860:
7587:
7353:
7344:
7289:
6914:
6878:
6851:
6259:
6250:
5695:
5686:
4052:
3911:
3854:
3800:
2518:
1306:
272:
2431:
2311:
266:
7730:
7533:
7235:
7226:
6974:
6842:
6815:
6751:
6412:
6292:
6241:
3920:
3827:
3418:
1489:
1447:
604:
366:
346:
7674:
7620:
7611:
6905:
6030:
5756:
5233:
5224:
4943:
4377:
3845:
3657:
3639:
3518:
3033:
2635:
2363:
1538:
1157:
408:
Camelid feet lack functional hooves, with the toe bones being embedded in a broad, cutaneous pad.
140:
6983:
6923:
6887:
6833:
6806:
6797:
6421:
6403:
6337:
2841:
Ji, R.; Cui, P.; Ding, F.; Geng, J.; Gao, H.; Zhang, H.; Yu, J.; Hu, S.; Meng, H. (2009-08-01).
2582:
2576:
2481:
2474:
1312:
278:
8057:
2654:
1216:
Fossil camelids show a wider variety than their modern counterparts. One North
American genus,
475:
Camelids do not have hooves; rather, they have two-toed feet with toenails and soft foot pads (
8113:
8093:
8039:
7899:
7253:
7244:
6932:
6860:
6788:
6619:
6601:
6454:
5404:
4799:
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4642:
4544:
4323:
4290:
4233:
4103:
3630:
3491:
3041:
2888:
2870:
2820:
2802:
2755:
2730:
2679:
2627:
2586:
2552:
2534:
2485:
2447:
2394:
1520:
1179:
655:
7969:
8044:
7778:
7647:
7401:
7392:
7271:
7112:
7103:
6896:
6568:
6559:
6507:
6498:
6346:
6319:
6232:
6012:
5620:
5046:
5037:
5027:
5000:
4721:
4590:
3791:
3782:
3773:
3555:
3546:
3482:
3409:
3400:
3023:
2878:
2862:
2810:
2792:
2669:
2619:
2542:
2526:
2439:
323:
232:
7377:
7368:
7316:
7307:
7088:
5945:
5936:
5413:
5009:
4061:
3971:
3809:
3621:
3500:
3473:
3464:
2093:
1291:
370:
7851:
2046:
A small, primitive, narrow-snouted floridatraguline camel from Mexico, Texas, and Panama
3010:
Geraads, Denis; Didier, Gilles; Barr, Andrew; Reed, Denne; Laurin, Michel (April 2020).
2522:
2507:"Biomechanical insights into the role of foot pads during locomotion in camelid species"
428:, and the third incisors have developed into canine-like tusks. Camelids also have true
7713:
7577:
7515:
7145:
7136:
6661:
6610:
6531:
6522:
6463:
6301:
6003:
5825:
5816:
5371:
5338:
5320:
4808:
4618:
4493:
4332:
3320:
3292:
2883:
2842:
2815:
2776:
2547:
2506:
2443:
2359:
2034:
1931:
1838:
1504:
1471:
1194:
911:
536:
499:
469:
453:
440:
by a gap. As in ruminants, the upper incisors are largely absent and are replaced by a
342:
132:
123:
549:
8087:
7786:
7202:
7184:
7070:
7007:
6998:
6057:
5792:
5765:
5536:
5446:
5437:
5422:
5287:
5251:
5206:
5143:
5134:
4651:
4609:
4502:
4468:
4458:
4359:
4341:
4004:
3953:
3863:
3427:
3093:
2866:
2715:"Animal Diversity Web." ADW: Camelidae: CLASSIFICATION. N.p., n.d. Web. 09 June 2017.
2332:
2230:
2148:
2085:
1724:
1617:
1218:
1127:
425:
73:
2639:
709:
7791:
7596:
7565:
7455:
7127:
6941:
6869:
6742:
6685:
6676:
6394:
6328:
6090:
6048:
5963:
5774:
5494:
5485:
5347:
5278:
5167:
5158:
4900:
4669:
4350:
4305:
4272:
4043:
3935:
3902:
3818:
2111:
1685:
1668:
1601:
1499:
1429:
1421:
1413:
1405:
1397:
1389:
1343:
1318:
1166:
1081:
788:
633:
555:
429:
373:
334:
284:
7865:
7904:
7878:
3094:"Systematics of the long-nosed Floridatraguline camels (Artiodactyla: Camelidae)"
1115:, in present-day North America. Among the earliest camelids was the rabbit-sized
8008:
7951:
7845:
7753:
7217:
6965:
6127:
6081:
6072:
6021:
5973:
5834:
5676:
5269:
5260:
5088:
4882:
4873:
4863:
4757:
4600:
4410:
4401:
4314:
4157:
4079:
3962:
3887:
3878:
3255:
2342:
2219:
2195:
2166:
2156:
2142:
2132:
2121:
2079:
2062:
2017:
1823:
1548:
1236:
1230:
1213:. Camelids were domesticated by early Andean peoples, and remain in use today.
1152:
481:
413:
197:
48:
2530:
6824:
6724:
6549:
6141:
5563:
5545:
5296:
4991:
4976:
4967:
4934:
4711:
4517:
4434:
4425:
4200:
4191:
4070:
3995:
3536:
3357:
3223:
2293:
2275:
2251:
2213:
1882:
1698:
1651:
1634:
1439:
1224:
1117:
559:
445:
441:
241:
93:
58:
7836:
3045:
3037:
2874:
2806:
2631:
2538:
2241:
This species of camel took the place of deer and antelope in the White River
7925:
7718:
7524:
7298:
7169:
7160:
6634:
6208:
6199:
6184:
6175:
6039:
5611:
5395:
5329:
5215:
4730:
4526:
4215:
4139:
4019:
3570:
3455:
3445:
3339:
3330:
2797:
2236:
2073:
1853:
1750:
1480:
1330:
1272:
1264:
1190:
928:
571:
433:
338:
295:
157:
98:
42:
7768:
7491:
3028:
3011:
2892:
2824:
2556:
1376:
1210:
837:
723:
682:
358:
305:
2727:
The
Marshall Illustrated Encyclopedia of Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals
2683:
2674:
2606:
Janis, Christine M.; Theodor, Jessica M.; Boisvert, Bethany (2002-03-14).
1164:, giving rise to the modern camels, and about 3-2 million years ago, when
7830:
7433:
7061:
6733:
6445:
6283:
6223:
5888:
5587:
5119:
5064:
4952:
4781:
4257:
4248:
4224:
4112:
3986:
3736:
3612:
3308:
3286:
3274:
2367:
2242:
2177:
2058:
2052:
1910:
1797:
1530:
1458:
1139:
952:
885:
476:
457:
417:
393:
330:
217:
207:
177:
114:
88:
83:
68:
63:
53:
2777:"A complete mitochondrial genome sequence of the wild two-humped camel (
2305:
Small, gazelle-like camel that lived in large herds on the Great Plains
8065:
7796:
7758:
7638:
7473:
7334:
7193:
6583:
6370:
6361:
6274:
6160:
6151:
6123:
5879:
5783:
5747:
5662:
5658:
5629:
5554:
5242:
5115:
5076:
4660:
4577:
4483:
3746:
3696:
3391:
3190:
2338:
2300:
2257:
2202:
2184:
2162:
2138:
2117:
2100:
2041:
2023:
1869:
1358:
1285:
1275:
1206:
1161:
1147:
1070:
A family tree indicating different species within the
Camelidae family
896:
820:
736:
669:
505:
Comparative table of the seven extant species in the family Camelidae:
449:
421:
404:
362:
249:
103:
78:
17:
1138:
The family diversified and prospered, with the two living tribes, the
420:
in a number of ways. Their dentition show traces of vestigial central
7956:
7748:
7740:
7482:
7051:
6956:
6779:
6769:
6385:
5897:
5737:
5719:
5710:
5596:
5518:
5470:
5461:
4919:
4910:
4845:
4836:
4826:
4748:
4281:
4094:
3944:
3280:
3268:
2318:
2282:
1778:
1367:
1336:
1202:
1143:
1122:
1112:
854:
777:
696:
437:
389:
354:
187:
167:
110:
7943:
7807:
2655:"Semen-induced ovulation in the bactrian camel (Camelus bactrianus)"
7930:
1131:
had lost the two lateral toes, and were about the size of a modern
7763:
7705:
7506:
7464:
7039:
6709:
6700:
5994:
5921:
5912:
5843:
5572:
5527:
5386:
5311:
5191:
5182:
4693:
4684:
4176:
4167:
3376:
3367:
1465:
1349:
1284:
1258:
1198:
1075:
803:
743:
642:
527:
403:
377:
350:
6652:
5982:
5870:
5852:
5509:
5362:
4766:
4633:
4449:
3723:
3684:
2847:) and its evolutionary relationship with the extant wild camel (
1132:
385:
7811:
7670:
7562:
7430:
7036:
6119:
5654:
5111:
4573:
3719:
3305:
3227:
491:
Dromedary camels, bactrian camels, llamas, and alpacas are all
7262:
5861:
5807:
4739:
4121:
2189:
A cameline that existed for 10 million years in North America
381:
7917:
3125:"Why UN has declared 2024 the International Year Of Camelids"
3092:
Prothero, D.R.; Beatty, B.L.; Marriott, K. (September 2023).
7666:
3143:"Kingdom Launches International Year of Camelids (IYC 2024)"
1827:<br /> (11.608 to 0.781 mya)
2624:
10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0110:LEICRA]2.0.CO;2
1935:<br /> (20.43 to 15.97 mya)
1886:<br /> (15.97 to 5.332 mya)
1801:<br /> (2.588 to 0.012 mya)
416:
animals with slender necks and long legs. They differ from
1754:<br /> (10.3 to 2.588 mya)
1605:<br /> (10.3 to 0.012 mya)
1702:<br /> (1.8 to 0.012 mya)
1084:
of the biogeographic distribution of Camelidae species:
484:
and probably hooved, in contrast to all living species.
3196:
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
2067:
Large, with true camel feet and hump. Status uncertain
1728:<br /> (1.8 to 0.3 mya)
1178:
continued living in North America and evolved into the
3142:
2704:
Wild Bactrian Camels Critically Endangered, Group Says
1121:, which still had four toes on each foot. By the late
1174:), giving rise to the modern llamas. A population of
7820:
7777:
7739:
7704:
7637:
7609:
7585:
7576:
7504:
7453:
7444:
7390:
7366:
7342:
7333:
7215:
7182:
7158:
7125:
7101:
7059:
7050:
6996:
6954:
6777:
6768:
6722:
6698:
6674:
6632:
6581:
6557:
6548:
6520:
6496:
6489:
6443:
6383:
6359:
6272:
6221:
6197:
6173:
6149:
6140:
6070:
5971:
5962:
5934:
5910:
5805:
5745:
5736:
5708:
5684:
5675:
5609:
5585:
5507:
5483:
5459:
5435:
5384:
5360:
5309:
5204:
5180:
5156:
5132:
5087:
5075:
5063:
5035:
5026:
4989:
4965:
4932:
4908:
4899:
4871:
4862:
4834:
4825:
4779:
4719:
4710:
4682:
4631:
4598:
4589:
4515:
4481:
4447:
4423:
4399:
4303:
4270:
4246:
4213:
4189:
4165:
4156:
4092:
4041:
4017:
3984:
3933:
3900:
3876:
3744:
3735:
3695:
3683:
3610:
3568:
3544:
3535:
3453:
3444:
3389:
3365:
3356:
3328:
3319:
2412:
2410:
329:, the only currently living family in the suborder
3167:"UN Declares 2024 As Year Of Camelids. Here's Why"
2473:
2207:The earliest member of the "giraffe camel" family
2843:"Monophyletic origin of domestic bactrian camel (
1125:, around 35 million years ago, camelids such as
456:are elliptical. They also have a unique type of
3087:
3085:
2729:. London: Marshall Editions. pp. 274–277.
2653:Chen, B.X.; Yuen, Z.X. & Pan, G.W. (1985).
2472:Franklin, William (1984). Macdonald, D. (ed.).
1182:, which survived until the middle Pleistocene.
2105:An unusual species of camel with a long snout
7682:
3239:
1170:emigrated into South America (as part of the
691:about 90 to 120 kg (200 to 260 lb)
502:, and some herds live in nuclear test areas.
444:consisting of connective tissue covered with
8:
2028:Tall, s-shaped neck, true padded camel feet
566:300 to 1,000 kg (660 to 2,200 lb)
3191:"International Year of Camelids (IYC) 2024"
2393:. Cambridge University Press. p. 208.
1193:of northern Africa and southwest Asia; the
7808:
7689:
7675:
7667:
7582:
7573:
7559:
7450:
7441:
7427:
7339:
7056:
7047:
7033:
6774:
6554:
6493:
6146:
6137:
6116:
5968:
5742:
5681:
5672:
5651:
5129:
5108:
5032:
4905:
4868:
4831:
4716:
4595:
4586:
4570:
4162:
3741:
3732:
3716:
3541:
3450:
3362:
3325:
3316:
3302:
3246:
3232:
3224:
2384:
2382:
626:300 to 820 kg (660 to 1,800 lb)
599:300 to 600 kg (660 to 1,320 lb)
304:
122:
31:
3027:
2882:
2814:
2796:
2673:
2546:
2391:A Natural History of Domesticated Mammals
1247:) is a distinct species or a subspecies (
630:
524:
2781:): an evolutionary history of camelidae"
2224:A North and South American lamine genus
2126:A North and South American lamine genus
2001:
1976: Endemic to North and South America
664:130 to 200 kg (290 to 440 lb)
507:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2378:
313:Current range of camelids, all species
2578:Mammal Evolution: an illustrated guide
718:48 to 84 kg (106 to 185 lb)
2836:
2834:
2752:The Archaeology of Andean Pastoralism
748:35 to 65 kg (77 to 143 lb)
7:
8071:DEAE36C7-6A04-4E17-A43A-7D8FD6F52780
8032:50729787-2422-4811-853f-36fa3363d6e7
2706:National Geographic, 3 December 2002
2581:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
2480:. New York: Facts on File. pp.
2323:Long-snouted primitive relative of
1939:
1890:
1831:
1805:
1792:
1758:
1732:
1706:
1609:
1596:
1589:
1582:
1574:
974:
903:
891:
795:
783:
773:
763:
2754:. University of New Mexico Press.
2612:Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology
2444:10.1016/b978-0-323-91015-6.00089-3
25:
8099:Extant Lutetian first appearances
1243:Whether the wild Bactrian camel (
2867:10.1111/j.1365-2052.2008.01848.x
2438:, Elsevier, pp. 1013–1019,
2418:Medicine and Surgery of Camelids
2287:Earliest member of the camelids
1994: Endemic to Asia and Africa
1103:Introduced (feral) distributions
735:
708:
681:
654:
616:
587:
548:
144:
3598:Sri Lankan spotted chevrotain (
2171:The largest species of camelid
1095: Present-day distributions
436:, which are separated from the
376:, along with species including
8109:Taxa named by John Edward Gray
4387:Central American red brocket (
2575:Savage, RJG; Long, MR (1986).
2436:Comparative Veterinary Anatomy
2389:Clutton-Brock, Juliet (1987).
2354:International Year of Camelids
2347:Tall, humped, true camel feet
1982: Endemic to North America
1970: Endemic to South America
1146:, diverging in the late early
322:are members of the biological
1:
3016:Acta Palaeontologica Polonica
412:Camelids are large, strictly
5094:Large subfamily listed below
5082:Large subfamily listed below
5070:Large subfamily listed below
547:
3589:Yellow-striped chevrotain (
3580:Indian spotted chevrotain (
3219:Pictures of camelid species
2476:The Encyclopedia of Mammals
1089: Tertiary distribution
661:(domestic form of guanaco)
337:members of this group are:
8130:
2531:10.1038/s41598-020-60795-9
1280:Silverton, New South Wales
1172:Great American Interchange
715:(domestic form of vicuña)
594:South Asia and Middle East
464:are being used to develop
7572:
7558:
7525:Dromedary/Arabian camel (
7516:Domestic Bactrian camel (
7440:
7426:
7080:North Sulawesi babirusa (
7046:
7032:
6136:
6115:
5671:
5650:
5128:
5107:
4585:
4569:
4369:Amazonian brown brocket (
3731:
3715:
3702:Large family listed below
3690:Large family listed below
3667:Williamson's mouse-deer (
3315:
3301:
3263:
2907:"Paleobiology Database -
1937:
1909:
1888:
1867:
1851:
1836:
1829:
1803:
1790:
1777:
1756:
1730:
1704:
1683:
1665:
1648:
1631:
1614:
1607:
1594:
1587:
1580:
1398:Hemiauchenia macrocephala
1255:Scientific classification
1009:
994:
979:
957:
925:
908:
901:
889:
851:
834:
817:
800:
793:
781:
771:
312:
303:
262:
257:
247:
240:
141:Scientific classification
139:
130:
121:
34:
5766:Domestic water buffalo (
4131:Central Asian red deer (
3756:Bornean yellow muntjac (
2995:Paleobiology Database -
2980:Paleobiology Database -
2965:Paleobiology Database -
2950:Paleobiology Database -
2935:Paleobiology Database -
2849:Camelus bactrianus ferus
2779:Camelus bactrianus ferus
2725:Palmer, D., ed. (1999).
2430:Niehaus, Andrew (2022),
2362:declared 2024 to be the
1414:Hemiauchenia blancoensis
596:(entirely domesticated)
563:(entirely domesticated)
466:single-domain antibodies
7741:South American camelids
6644:Bates' pygmy antelope (
6431:Soemmerring's gazelle (
4536:Yucatan brown brocket (
3765:Hairy-fronted muntjac (
3649:Philippine mouse-deer (
2798:10.1186/1471-2164-8-241
1289:South American vicuña (
1187:earliest human settlers
7354:White-lipped peccary (
7290:Philippine warty pig (
6915:Yellow-backed duiker (
6879:Black-fronted duiker (
6852:White-bellied duiker (
6473:Przewalski's gazelle (
5696:Four-horned antelope (
4494:Peruvian Yungas pudu (
4053:Visayan spotted deer (
3912:European fallow deer (
3855:Northern red muntjac (
3801:Southern red muntjac (
3029:10.4202/app.00727.2020
1578:Camelid ancestor
1296:
1282:
1107:
462:heavy-chain antibodies
409:
8053:Paleobiology Database
7724:Australia populations
7706:Afro-Asiatic camelids
7534:Wild Bactrian camel (
7236:Bornean bearded pig (
7227:Palawan bearded pig (
6816:White-legged duiker (
6242:Red-fronted gazelle (
3921:Persian fallow deer (
3837:Roosevelt's muntjac (
3510:Himalayan musk deer (
3419:Reticulated giraffe (
2675:10.1530/jrf.0.0740335
2416:Fowler, M.E. (2010).
1988: Endemic to Asia
1430:Hemiauchenia paradoxa
1288:
1262:
1079:
407:
7621:Pygmy hippopotamus (
7281:Oliver's warty pig (
6906:Red-flanked duiker (
6311:Erlanger's gazelle (
6031:Harnessed bushbuck (
5757:Wild water buffalo (
5234:East Caucasian tur (
5225:West Caucasian tur (
4378:Little red brocket (
3846:Truong Son muntjac (
3658:Vietnam mouse-deer (
3640:Greater mouse-deer (
3519:Siberian musk deer (
3129:Hindustan Times News
3123:Adarsh Kumar Gupta.
2432:"Tooth Root Abscess"
2358:In October 2017 the
2262:Ancestor of extinct
347:wild Bactrian camels
7731:Wild Bactrian camel
7254:Celebes warty pig (
7245:Visayan warty pig (
6861:Red forest duiker (
6593:Günther's dik-dik (
6455:Mongolian gazelle (
6260:Heuglin's gazelle (
6251:Thomson's gazelle (
5405:Long-tailed goral (
4800:Mountain reedbuck (
4791:Southern reedbuck (
4643:East African oryx (
4545:White-tailed deer (
4324:Small red brocket (
4291:South Andean deer (
4234:Siberian roe deer (
4225:European roe deer (
4062:Philippine sambar (
4029:Père David's deer (
3631:Lesser mouse-deer (
3492:Kashmir musk deer (
2523:2020NatSR..10.3856C
2147:Large camelid from
1490:Wild Bactrian camel
1485:Camelus dromedarius
1448:Palaeolama mirifica
1406:Hemiauchenia minima
1249:C. bactrianus ferus
929:C. dromedarius
623:China and Mongolia
605:Wild Bactrian camel
581:Camelus dromedarius
367:even-toed ungulates
7402:Collared peccary (
7272:Flores warty pig (
7113:Giant forest hog (
6975:Maxwell's duiker (
6897:Ruwenzori duiker (
6843:Jentink's duiker (
6752:Sharpe's grysbok (
6508:Tibetan antelope (
6413:Bright's gazelle (
6347:Goitered gazelle (
6320:Mountain gazelle (
6293:Cuvier's gazelle (
6233:Mongalla gazelle (
5621:Pyrenean chamois (
5047:Tibetan antelope (
5001:Black wildebeest (
3828:Reeves's muntjac (
3792:Sumatran muntjac (
3783:Gongshan muntjac (
3556:Water chevrotain (
3483:Alpine musk deer (
3410:Southern giraffe (
3401:Northern giraffe (
2845:Camelus bactrianus
2511:Scientific Reports
2364:International Year
1539:Camelops hesternus
1513:Camelus sivalensis
1476:Camelus bactrianus
1297:
1283:
1158:Bering land bridge
1108:
912:C. bactrianus
542:Camelus bactrianus
410:
369:classified in the
8081:
8080:
8040:Open Tree of Life
7814:Taxon identifiers
7805:
7804:
7727:
7664:
7663:
7660:
7659:
7656:
7655:
7633:
7632:
7554:
7553:
7550:
7549:
7546:
7545:
7422:
7421:
7418:
7417:
7414:
7413:
7378:Chacoan peccary (
7329:
7328:
7317:Javan warty pig (
7308:Timor warty pig (
7115:H. meinertzhageni
7089:Togian babirusa (
7028:
7027:
7024:
7023:
7020:
7019:
6984:Walter's duiker (
6924:Abbott's duiker (
6888:Ogilby's duiker (
6834:Harvey's duiker (
6798:Brooke's duiker (
6764:
6763:
6544:
6543:
6485:
6484:
6422:Peter's gazelle (
6404:Grant's gazelle (
6338:Speke's gazelle (
6111:
6110:
6107:
6106:
6103:
6102:
5988:
5958:
5957:
5946:African buffalo (
5777:B. depressicornis
5732:
5731:
5646:
5645:
5642:
5641:
5414:Himalayan goral (
5236:C. cylindricornis
5103:
5102:
5099:
5098:
5059:
5058:
5022:
5021:
5010:Blue wildebeest (
4944:Common tsessebe (
4895:
4894:
4858:
4857:
4821:
4820:
4733:K. ellipsiprymnus
4706:
4705:
4565:
4564:
4561:
4560:
4557:
4556:
4505:P. mephistophiles
4461:P. mephistophiles
4152:
4151:
3848:M. truongsonensis
3810:Pu Hoat muntjac (
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3679:
3678:
3622:Java mouse-deer (
3531:
3530:
3501:Black musk deer (
3474:Dwarf musk deer (
3465:Anhui musk deer (
3440:
3439:
3403:G. camelopardalis
3352:
3351:
2761:978-0-8263-5702-1
2736:978-1-84028-152-1
2662:J. Reprod. Fertil
2592:978-0-8160-1194-0
2491:978-0-87196-871-5
2453:978-0-323-91015-6
2400:978-0-521-34697-9
2351:
2350:
1964:
1963:
1955:
1954:
1946:
1945:
1920:
1919:
1906:
1905:
1897:
1896:
1864:
1863:
1812:
1811:
1774:
1773:
1765:
1764:
1739:
1738:
1713:
1712:
1680:
1679:
1557:Paracamelus gigas
1521:Camelus knoblochi
1422:Hemiauchenia vera
1325:Floridatragulinae
1180:high arctic camel
1074:
1073:
1064:
1063:
1055:
1054:
1046:
1045:
1038:
1037:
1022:
1021:
1012:C. minodokae
997:C. hesternus
940:
939:
875:
874:
866:
865:
752:
751:
493:induced ovulators
317:
316:
291:Floridatragulinae
236:
27:Family of mammals
16:(Redirected from
8121:
8074:
8073:
8061:
8060:
8048:
8047:
8035:
8034:
8025:
8024:
8012:
8011:
8009:NHMSYS0000376458
7999:
7998:
7986:
7985:
7973:
7972:
7960:
7959:
7947:
7946:
7934:
7933:
7921:
7920:
7908:
7907:
7895:
7894:
7882:
7881:
7869:
7868:
7856:
7855:
7854:
7841:
7840:
7839:
7809:
7721:
7691:
7684:
7677:
7668:
7583:
7574:
7560:
7451:
7442:
7428:
7340:
7146:Common warthog (
7137:Desert warthog (
7057:
7048:
7034:
6933:Weyns's duiker (
6807:Peters' duiker (
6789:Aders's duiker (
6775:
6662:Royal antelope (
6620:Salt's dik-dik (
6611:Silver dik-dik (
6602:Kirk's dik-dik (
6555:
6532:Saiga antelope (
6494:
6433:N. soemmerringii
6302:Dorcas gazelle (
6147:
6138:
6131:
6117:
6004:Mountain nyala (
5987:
5986:
5978:
5969:
5924:P. nghetinhensis
5826:European bison (
5817:American bison (
5743:
5682:
5673:
5666:
5652:
5528:Domestic sheep (
5372:Himalayan tahr (
5339:Mainland serow (
5321:Japanese serow (
5130:
5123:
5109:
5033:
4906:
4869:
4832:
4809:Bohor reedbuck (
4717:
4696:A. nasomaculatus
4619:Sable antelope (
4596:
4587:
4580:
4571:
4333:Merida brocket (
4163:
4104:Thorold's deer (
3956:A. calamianensis
3839:M. rooseveltorum
3785:M. gongshanensis
3742:
3733:
3726:
3717:
3542:
3451:
3430:G. tippelskirchi
3363:
3326:
3317:
3303:
3248:
3241:
3234:
3225:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3203:
3187:
3181:
3180:
3178:
3177:
3163:
3157:
3156:
3154:
3153:
3139:
3133:
3132:
3120:
3114:
3113:
3111:
3109:
3089:
3080:
3071:
3065:
3056:
3050:
3049:
3031:
3007:
3001:
2992:
2986:
2977:
2971:
2962:
2956:
2947:
2941:
2932:
2926:
2925:
2923:
2922:
2913:. Archived from
2903:
2897:
2896:
2886:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2818:
2800:
2772:
2766:
2765:
2747:
2741:
2740:
2722:
2716:
2713:
2707:
2701:
2695:
2694:
2692:
2690:
2677:
2659:
2650:
2644:
2643:
2603:
2597:
2596:
2572:
2561:
2560:
2550:
2502:
2496:
2495:
2479:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2461:
2460:
2427:
2421:
2414:
2405:
2404:
2386:
2002:
1993:
1987:
1981:
1975:
1969:
1940:
1891:
1832:
1806:
1793:
1759:
1733:
1707:
1610:
1597:
1590:
1583:
1575:
1300:Family Camelidae
1100:
1094:
1088:
1032:
982:C. kansanus
975:
959:
958:
904:
892:
796:
784:
774:
764:
759:
758:
739:
712:
685:
658:
620:
591:
552:
508:
339:dromedary camels
308:
231:
149:
148:
135:walking in snow
126:
108:
45:
38:Temporal range:
32:
21:
8129:
8128:
8124:
8123:
8122:
8120:
8119:
8118:
8104:Mammal families
8084:
8083:
8082:
8077:
8069:
8064:
8056:
8051:
8043:
8038:
8030:
8028:
8020:
8015:
8007:
8002:
7994:
7989:
7981:
7976:
7968:
7963:
7955:
7950:
7942:
7937:
7929:
7924:
7916:
7911:
7903:
7898:
7890:
7885:
7877:
7872:
7864:
7859:
7850:
7849:
7844:
7835:
7834:
7829:
7816:
7806:
7801:
7773:
7735:
7700:
7695:
7665:
7652:
7629:
7605:
7568:
7542:
7500:
7436:
7410:
7386:
7362:
7325:
7292:S. philippensis
7229:S. ahoenobarbus
7211:
7203:Red river hog (
7178:
7154:
7121:
7097:
7071:Buru babirusa (
7042:
7016:
7008:Common duiker (
6992:
6950:
6760:
6718:
6694:
6670:
6628:
6577:
6540:
6516:
6481:
6466:P. picticaudata
6439:
6379:
6355:
6349:G. subgutturosa
6268:
6217:
6193:
6169:
6132:
6121:
6099:
6066:
6058:Cape bushbuck (
6051:T. strepsiceros
5980:
5979:
5977:
5954:
5930:
5906:
5801:
5793:Mountain anoa (
5728:
5722:B. tragocamelus
5704:
5698:T. quadricornis
5667:
5656:
5638:
5605:
5581:
5537:Bighorn sheep (
5503:
5479:
5455:
5447:Mountain goat (
5431:
5423:Chinese goral (
5380:
5356:
5341:C. sumatraensis
5305:
5288:Siberian ibex (
5252:Domestic goat (
5200:
5176:
5152:
5144:Barbary sheep (
5124:
5113:
5095:
5083:
5071:
5055:
5018:
4985:
4961:
4928:
4891:
4854:
4817:
4775:
4702:
4678:
4652:Scimitar oryx (
4627:
4610:Roan antelope (
4581:
4575:
4553:
4511:
4503:Northern pudu (
4477:
4469:Southern pudu (
4459:Northern pudu (
4443:
4419:
4395:
4360:Pygmy brocket (
4342:Dwarf brocket (
4299:
4266:
4242:
4209:
4185:
4148:
4088:
4037:
4013:
3980:
3954:Calamian deer (
3929:
3923:D. mesopotamica
3896:
3872:
3866:M. vuquangensis
3864:Giant muntjac (
3774:Fea's muntjac (
3727:
3721:
3703:
3691:
3675:
3606:
3564:
3527:
3485:M. chrysogaster
3436:
3428:Masai giraffe (
3385:
3348:
3311:
3297:
3259:
3252:
3215:
3210:
3201:
3199:
3189:
3188:
3184:
3175:
3173:
3165:
3164:
3160:
3151:
3149:
3141:
3140:
3136:
3122:
3121:
3117:
3107:
3105:
3091:
3090:
3083:
3072:
3068:
3057:
3053:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2993:
2989:
2978:
2974:
2963:
2959:
2948:
2944:
2933:
2929:
2920:
2918:
2905:
2904:
2900:
2855:Animal Genetics
2840:
2839:
2832:
2774:
2773:
2769:
2762:
2749:
2748:
2744:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2714:
2710:
2702:
2698:
2688:
2686:
2657:
2652:
2651:
2647:
2605:
2604:
2600:
2593:
2574:
2573:
2564:
2504:
2503:
2499:
2492:
2471:
2470:
2466:
2458:
2456:
2454:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2415:
2408:
2401:
2388:
2387:
2380:
2376:
2356:
2325:Floridatragulus
2094:Floridatragulus
2000:
1995:
1991:
1989:
1985:
1983:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1965:
1956:
1947:
1921:
1907:
1898:
1865:
1813:
1775:
1766:
1740:
1714:
1681:
1572:
1307:Poebrotheriinae
1292:Vicugna vicugna
1257:
1105:
1098:
1096:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1065:
1056:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1030:
1025:
1024:
1023:
968:
967:
966:
941:
876:
867:
757:
742:South American
595:
576:
574:
562:
468:with potential
454:red blood cells
402:
400:Characteristics
365:. Camelids are
343:Bactrian camels
273:Poebrotheriinae
253:
230:
143:
117:
107:
106:
101:
96:
91:
86:
81:
76:
71:
66:
61:
56:
51:
40:
39:
36:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
8127:
8125:
8117:
8116:
8111:
8106:
8101:
8096:
8086:
8085:
8079:
8078:
8076:
8075:
8062:
8049:
8036:
8026:
8013:
8000:
7987:
7974:
7961:
7948:
7935:
7922:
7909:
7896:
7883:
7870:
7857:
7842:
7826:
7824:
7818:
7817:
7812:
7803:
7802:
7800:
7799:
7794:
7789:
7783:
7781:
7775:
7774:
7772:
7771:
7766:
7761:
7756:
7751:
7745:
7743:
7737:
7736:
7734:
7733:
7728:
7716:
7714:Bactrian camel
7710:
7708:
7702:
7701:
7696:
7694:
7693:
7686:
7679:
7671:
7662:
7661:
7658:
7657:
7654:
7653:
7651:
7650:
7643:
7641:
7635:
7634:
7631:
7630:
7628:
7627:
7623:C. liberiensis
7617:
7615:
7607:
7606:
7604:
7603:
7597:Hippopotamus (
7593:
7591:
7580:
7578:Hippopotamidae
7570:
7569:
7563:
7556:
7555:
7552:
7551:
7548:
7547:
7544:
7543:
7541:
7540:
7531:
7527:C. dromedarius
7522:
7512:
7510:
7502:
7501:
7499:
7498:
7489:
7480:
7471:
7461:
7459:
7448:
7438:
7437:
7431:
7424:
7423:
7420:
7419:
7416:
7415:
7412:
7411:
7409:
7408:
7398:
7396:
7388:
7387:
7385:
7384:
7374:
7372:
7364:
7363:
7361:
7360:
7350:
7348:
7337:
7331:
7330:
7327:
7326:
7324:
7323:
7314:
7310:S. timoriensis
7305:
7296:
7287:
7278:
7269:
7263:Domestic pig (
7260:
7251:
7242:
7233:
7223:
7221:
7213:
7212:
7210:
7209:
7200:
7190:
7188:
7180:
7179:
7177:
7176:
7166:
7164:
7156:
7155:
7153:
7152:
7143:
7139:P. aethiopicus
7133:
7131:
7123:
7122:
7120:
7119:
7109:
7107:
7099:
7098:
7096:
7095:
7091:B. togeanensis
7086:
7077:
7067:
7065:
7054:
7044:
7043:
7037:
7030:
7029:
7026:
7025:
7022:
7021:
7018:
7017:
7015:
7014:
7004:
7002:
6994:
6993:
6991:
6990:
6981:
6972:
6962:
6960:
6952:
6951:
6949:
6948:
6942:Zebra duiker (
6939:
6930:
6921:
6917:C. silvicultor
6912:
6903:
6894:
6885:
6876:
6870:Black duiker (
6867:
6858:
6854:C. leucogaster
6849:
6840:
6831:
6822:
6813:
6804:
6795:
6785:
6783:
6772:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6761:
6759:
6758:
6749:
6743:Cape grysbok (
6740:
6730:
6728:
6720:
6719:
6717:
6716:
6706:
6704:
6696:
6695:
6693:
6692:
6686:Klipspringer (
6682:
6680:
6672:
6671:
6669:
6668:
6659:
6650:
6640:
6638:
6630:
6629:
6627:
6626:
6617:
6613:M. piacentinii
6608:
6599:
6589:
6587:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6565:
6563:
6552:
6546:
6545:
6542:
6541:
6539:
6538:
6528:
6526:
6518:
6517:
6515:
6514:
6504:
6502:
6491:
6487:
6486:
6483:
6482:
6480:
6479:
6475:P. przewalskii
6470:
6461:
6451:
6449:
6441:
6440:
6438:
6437:
6428:
6419:
6410:
6401:
6395:Dama gazelle (
6391:
6389:
6381:
6380:
6378:
6377:
6367:
6365:
6357:
6356:
6354:
6353:
6344:
6335:
6329:Rhim gazelle (
6326:
6317:
6308:
6299:
6290:
6280:
6278:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6266:
6257:
6248:
6239:
6229:
6227:
6219:
6218:
6216:
6215:
6205:
6203:
6195:
6194:
6192:
6191:
6187:A. marsupialis
6181:
6179:
6171:
6170:
6168:
6167:
6157:
6155:
6144:
6134:
6133:
6120:
6113:
6112:
6109:
6108:
6105:
6104:
6101:
6100:
6098:
6097:
6091:Common eland (
6088:
6078:
6076:
6068:
6067:
6065:
6064:
6055:
6049:Greater kudu (
6046:
6037:
6028:
6019:
6010:
6001:
5991:
5989:
5966:
5960:
5959:
5956:
5955:
5953:
5952:
5942:
5940:
5932:
5931:
5929:
5928:
5918:
5916:
5908:
5907:
5905:
5904:
5895:
5886:
5877:
5868:
5862:Domestic yak (
5859:
5850:
5841:
5832:
5823:
5813:
5811:
5803:
5802:
5800:
5799:
5790:
5786:B. mindorensis
5781:
5775:Lowland anoa (
5772:
5763:
5753:
5751:
5740:
5734:
5733:
5730:
5729:
5727:
5726:
5716:
5714:
5706:
5705:
5703:
5702:
5692:
5690:
5679:
5669:
5668:
5655:
5648:
5647:
5644:
5643:
5640:
5639:
5637:
5636:
5627:
5617:
5615:
5607:
5606:
5604:
5603:
5593:
5591:
5583:
5582:
5580:
5579:
5570:
5561:
5552:
5543:
5534:
5525:
5515:
5513:
5505:
5504:
5502:
5501:
5495:Nilgiri tahr (
5491:
5489:
5481:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5467:
5465:
5457:
5456:
5454:
5453:
5443:
5441:
5433:
5432:
5430:
5429:
5420:
5411:
5402:
5392:
5390:
5382:
5381:
5379:
5378:
5368:
5366:
5358:
5357:
5355:
5354:
5348:Taiwan serow (
5345:
5336:
5327:
5317:
5315:
5307:
5306:
5304:
5303:
5294:
5285:
5279:Iberian ibex (
5276:
5267:
5258:
5249:
5240:
5231:
5222:
5212:
5210:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5198:
5188:
5186:
5178:
5177:
5175:
5174:
5168:Arabian tahr (
5164:
5162:
5154:
5153:
5151:
5150:
5140:
5138:
5126:
5125:
5112:
5105:
5104:
5101:
5100:
5097:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5085:
5084:
5081:
5079:
5073:
5072:
5069:
5067:
5061:
5060:
5057:
5056:
5054:
5053:
5043:
5041:
5030:
5024:
5023:
5020:
5019:
5017:
5016:
5007:
4997:
4995:
4987:
4986:
4984:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4963:
4962:
4960:
4959:
4950:
4940:
4938:
4930:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4916:
4914:
4903:
4897:
4896:
4893:
4892:
4890:
4889:
4879:
4877:
4866:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4855:
4853:
4852:
4842:
4840:
4829:
4823:
4822:
4819:
4818:
4816:
4815:
4806:
4802:R. fulvorufula
4797:
4787:
4785:
4777:
4776:
4774:
4773:
4764:
4755:
4746:
4737:
4727:
4725:
4714:
4708:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4700:
4690:
4688:
4680:
4679:
4677:
4676:
4670:Arabian oryx (
4667:
4658:
4649:
4639:
4637:
4629:
4628:
4626:
4625:
4616:
4606:
4604:
4593:
4583:
4582:
4574:
4567:
4566:
4563:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4555:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4547:O. virginianus
4542:
4533:
4523:
4521:
4513:
4512:
4510:
4509:
4500:
4490:
4488:
4479:
4478:
4476:
4475:
4466:
4455:
4453:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4441:
4431:
4429:
4421:
4420:
4418:
4417:
4413:O. bezoarticus
4407:
4405:
4397:
4396:
4394:
4393:
4384:
4375:
4366:
4357:
4353:M. gouazoubira
4351:Gray brocket (
4348:
4339:
4330:
4321:
4311:
4309:
4301:
4300:
4298:
4297:
4288:
4278:
4276:
4268:
4267:
4265:
4264:
4254:
4252:
4244:
4243:
4241:
4240:
4231:
4221:
4219:
4211:
4210:
4208:
4207:
4197:
4195:
4187:
4186:
4184:
4183:
4173:
4171:
4160:
4154:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4137:
4128:
4119:
4110:
4106:C. albirostris
4100:
4098:
4090:
4089:
4087:
4086:
4077:
4068:
4059:
4049:
4047:
4039:
4038:
4036:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4015:
4014:
4012:
4011:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3982:
3981:
3979:
3978:
3969:
3960:
3951:
3941:
3939:
3931:
3930:
3928:
3927:
3918:
3908:
3906:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3894:
3890:E. cephalophus
3884:
3882:
3874:
3873:
3871:
3870:
3861:
3852:
3843:
3834:
3825:
3819:Leaf muntjac (
3816:
3812:M. puhoatensis
3807:
3798:
3789:
3780:
3771:
3762:
3752:
3750:
3739:
3729:
3728:
3720:
3713:
3712:
3709:
3708:
3705:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3693:
3692:
3689:
3687:
3681:
3680:
3677:
3676:
3674:
3673:
3669:T. williamsoni
3664:
3655:
3646:
3637:
3628:
3618:
3616:
3608:
3607:
3605:
3604:
3595:
3586:
3576:
3574:
3566:
3565:
3563:
3562:
3552:
3550:
3539:
3533:
3532:
3529:
3528:
3526:
3525:
3521:M. moschiferus
3516:
3512:M. leucogaster
3507:
3498:
3489:
3480:
3476:M. berezovskii
3471:
3461:
3459:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3438:
3437:
3435:
3434:
3425:
3416:
3407:
3397:
3395:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3350:
3349:
3347:
3346:
3336:
3334:
3323:
3321:Antilocapridae
3313:
3312:
3306:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3293:Laurasiatheria
3289:
3283:
3277:
3271:
3264:
3261:
3260:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3236:
3228:
3222:
3221:
3214:
3213:External links
3211:
3209:
3208:
3182:
3158:
3134:
3115:
3081:
3076:Hesperocamelus
3066:
3051:
3022:(2): 251–260.
3002:
2987:
2972:
2957:
2942:
2927:
2898:
2861:(4): 377–382.
2830:
2767:
2760:
2742:
2735:
2717:
2708:
2696:
2668:(2): 335–339.
2645:
2618:(1): 110–121.
2598:
2591:
2562:
2497:
2490:
2464:
2452:
2422:
2406:
2399:
2377:
2375:
2372:
2360:United Nations
2355:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2345:
2336:
2328:
2327:
2321:
2315:
2312:Stevenscamelus
2307:
2306:
2303:
2297:
2289:
2288:
2285:
2279:
2271:
2270:
2260:
2255:
2247:
2246:
2239:
2234:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2217:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2199:
2191:
2190:
2187:
2181:
2173:
2172:
2169:
2160:
2152:
2151:
2145:
2136:
2128:
2127:
2124:
2115:
2107:
2106:
2103:
2097:
2089:
2088:
2082:
2077:
2069:
2068:
2065:
2056:
2048:
2047:
2044:
2038:
2035:Aguascalientia
2030:
2029:
2026:
2021:
2013:
2012:
2009:
2006:
1999:
1998:Extinct genera
1996:
1990:
1984:
1978:
1972:
1966:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1953:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1944:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1932:Hesperocamelus
1927:
1926:
1923:
1922:
1918:
1917:
1914:
1913:
1908:
1904:
1903:
1900:
1899:
1895:
1894:
1889:
1887:
1878:
1877:
1874:
1873:
1866:
1862:
1861:
1858:
1857:
1850:
1847:
1846:
1843:
1842:
1839:Bactrian camel
1835:
1830:
1828:
1819:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1810:
1809:
1804:
1802:
1791:
1789:
1786:
1785:
1782:
1781:
1776:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1767:
1763:
1762:
1757:
1755:
1746:
1745:
1742:
1741:
1737:
1736:
1731:
1729:
1720:
1719:
1716:
1715:
1711:
1710:
1705:
1703:
1694:
1693:
1690:
1689:
1682:
1678:
1677:
1674:
1673:
1664:
1661:
1660:
1657:
1656:
1647:
1644:
1643:
1640:
1639:
1630:
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1613:
1608:
1606:
1595:
1593:
1588:
1586:
1581:
1579:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1567:
1566:
1565:
1564:
1563:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1544:
1543:
1542:
1526:
1525:
1524:
1516:
1508:
1505:Camelus moreli
1496:
1487:
1478:
1472:Bactrian camel
1455:
1454:
1453:
1452:
1451:
1435:
1434:
1433:
1425:
1417:
1409:
1401:
1385:
1384:
1383:
1374:
1365:
1356:
1327:
1321:
1315:
1309:
1269:C. dromedarius
1256:
1253:
1195:Bactrian camel
1097:
1091:
1085:
1072:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1058:
1057:
1053:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1044:
1043:
1040:
1039:
1036:
1035:
1029:
1028:
1026:
1020:
1019:
1016:
1015:
1008:
1005:
1004:
1001:
1000:
993:
990:
989:
986:
985:
978:
973:
972:
971:
969:
964:
963:
962:
956:
947:
946:
943:
942:
938:
937:
934:
933:
924:
921:
920:
917:
916:
907:
902:
900:
890:
888:
882:
881:
878:
877:
873:
872:
869:
868:
864:
863:
860:
859:
850:
847:
846:
843:
842:
833:
830:
829:
826:
825:
816:
813:
812:
809:
808:
799:
794:
792:
782:
780:
772:
770:
762:
756:
753:
750:
749:
746:
740:
733:
720:
719:
716:
713:
706:
693:
692:
689:
688:South America
686:
679:
666:
665:
662:
659:
652:
639:
638:
628:
627:
624:
621:
614:
601:
600:
597:
592:
585:
577:Arabian camel
568:
567:
564:
553:
546:
537:Bactrian camel
533:
532:
522:
521:
518:
517:Natural range
515:
512:
500:brackish water
472:applications.
470:pharmaceutical
432:and tusk-like
401:
398:
315:
314:
310:
309:
301:
300:
299:
298:
293:
287:
281:
275:
269:
267:Poebrodontinae
260:
259:
255:
254:
245:
244:
238:
237:
225:
221:
220:
215:
211:
210:
205:
201:
200:
195:
191:
190:
185:
181:
180:
175:
171:
170:
165:
161:
160:
155:
151:
150:
137:
136:
133:Bactrian camel
128:
127:
119:
118:
102:
97:
92:
87:
82:
77:
72:
67:
62:
57:
52:
47:
46:
37:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
8126:
8115:
8112:
8110:
8107:
8105:
8102:
8100:
8097:
8095:
8092:
8091:
8089:
8072:
8067:
8063:
8059:
8054:
8050:
8046:
8041:
8037:
8033:
8027:
8023:
8018:
8014:
8010:
8005:
8001:
7997:
7992:
7988:
7984:
7979:
7975:
7971:
7966:
7962:
7958:
7953:
7949:
7945:
7940:
7936:
7932:
7927:
7923:
7919:
7914:
7910:
7906:
7901:
7897:
7893:
7888:
7884:
7880:
7875:
7871:
7867:
7862:
7858:
7853:
7847:
7843:
7838:
7832:
7828:
7827:
7825:
7823:
7819:
7815:
7810:
7798:
7795:
7793:
7790:
7788:
7785:
7784:
7782:
7780:
7776:
7770:
7767:
7765:
7762:
7760:
7757:
7755:
7752:
7750:
7747:
7746:
7744:
7742:
7738:
7732:
7729:
7725:
7720:
7717:
7715:
7712:
7711:
7709:
7707:
7703:
7699:
7692:
7687:
7685:
7680:
7678:
7673:
7672:
7669:
7649:
7645:
7644:
7642:
7640:
7636:
7626:
7624:
7619:
7618:
7616:
7614:
7613:
7608:
7602:
7600:
7595:
7594:
7592:
7590:
7589:
7584:
7581:
7579:
7575:
7571:
7567:
7561:
7557:
7539:
7537:
7532:
7530:
7528:
7523:
7521:
7519:
7518:C. bactrianus
7514:
7513:
7511:
7509:
7508:
7503:
7497:
7495:
7490:
7488:
7486:
7481:
7479:
7477:
7472:
7470:
7468:
7463:
7462:
7460:
7458:
7457:
7452:
7449:
7447:
7443:
7439:
7435:
7429:
7425:
7407:
7405:
7400:
7399:
7397:
7395:
7394:
7389:
7383:
7381:
7376:
7375:
7373:
7371:
7370:
7365:
7359:
7357:
7352:
7351:
7349:
7347:
7346:
7341:
7338:
7336:
7332:
7322:
7320:
7319:S. verrucosus
7315:
7313:
7311:
7306:
7304:
7302:
7297:
7295:
7293:
7288:
7286:
7284:
7279:
7277:
7275:
7270:
7268:
7266:
7265:S. domesticus
7261:
7259:
7257:
7256:S. celebensis
7252:
7250:
7248:
7243:
7241:
7239:
7234:
7232:
7230:
7225:
7224:
7222:
7220:
7219:
7214:
7208:
7206:
7201:
7199:
7197:
7192:
7191:
7189:
7187:
7186:
7185:Potamochoerus
7181:
7175:
7173:
7168:
7167:
7165:
7163:
7162:
7157:
7151:
7149:
7144:
7142:
7140:
7135:
7134:
7132:
7130:
7129:
7124:
7118:
7116:
7111:
7110:
7108:
7106:
7105:
7100:
7094:
7092:
7087:
7085:
7083:
7082:B. celebensis
7078:
7076:
7074:
7069:
7068:
7066:
7064:
7063:
7058:
7055:
7053:
7049:
7045:
7041:
7035:
7031:
7013:
7011:
7006:
7005:
7003:
7001:
7000:
6995:
6989:
6987:
6982:
6980:
6978:
6973:
6971:
6969:
6966:Blue duiker (
6964:
6963:
6961:
6959:
6958:
6953:
6947:
6945:
6940:
6938:
6936:
6931:
6929:
6927:
6922:
6920:
6918:
6913:
6911:
6909:
6904:
6902:
6900:
6895:
6893:
6891:
6886:
6884:
6882:
6881:C. nigrifrons
6877:
6875:
6873:
6868:
6866:
6864:
6863:C. natalensis
6859:
6857:
6855:
6850:
6848:
6846:
6841:
6839:
6837:
6832:
6830:
6828:
6823:
6821:
6819:
6814:
6812:
6810:
6809:C. callipygus
6805:
6803:
6801:
6796:
6794:
6792:
6787:
6786:
6784:
6782:
6781:
6776:
6773:
6771:
6767:
6757:
6755:
6750:
6748:
6746:
6741:
6739:
6737:
6736:R. campestris
6732:
6731:
6729:
6727:
6726:
6721:
6715:
6713:
6708:
6707:
6705:
6703:
6702:
6697:
6691:
6689:
6688:O. oreotragus
6684:
6683:
6681:
6679:
6678:
6673:
6667:
6665:
6660:
6658:
6656:
6651:
6649:
6647:
6642:
6641:
6639:
6637:
6636:
6631:
6625:
6623:
6618:
6616:
6614:
6609:
6607:
6605:
6600:
6598:
6596:
6591:
6590:
6588:
6586:
6585:
6580:
6574:
6572:
6567:
6566:
6564:
6562:
6561:
6556:
6553:
6551:
6547:
6537:
6535:
6530:
6529:
6527:
6525:
6524:
6519:
6513:
6511:
6506:
6505:
6503:
6501:
6500:
6495:
6492:
6488:
6478:
6476:
6471:
6469:
6467:
6462:
6460:
6458:
6453:
6452:
6450:
6448:
6447:
6442:
6436:
6434:
6429:
6427:
6425:
6420:
6418:
6416:
6411:
6409:
6407:
6402:
6400:
6398:
6393:
6392:
6390:
6388:
6387:
6382:
6376:
6374:
6369:
6368:
6366:
6364:
6363:
6358:
6352:
6350:
6345:
6343:
6341:
6336:
6334:
6332:
6331:G. leptoceros
6327:
6325:
6323:
6318:
6316:
6314:
6309:
6307:
6305:
6300:
6298:
6296:
6291:
6289:
6287:
6282:
6281:
6279:
6277:
6276:
6271:
6265:
6263:
6258:
6256:
6254:
6249:
6247:
6245:
6240:
6238:
6236:
6235:E. albonotata
6231:
6230:
6228:
6226:
6225:
6220:
6214:
6212:
6211:A. cervicapra
6207:
6206:
6204:
6202:
6201:
6196:
6190:
6188:
6183:
6182:
6180:
6178:
6177:
6172:
6166:
6164:
6159:
6158:
6156:
6154:
6153:
6148:
6145:
6143:
6139:
6135:
6129:
6125:
6118:
6114:
6096:
6094:
6089:
6087:
6085:
6082:Giant eland (
6080:
6079:
6077:
6075:
6074:
6069:
6063:
6061:
6060:T. sylvaticus
6056:
6054:
6052:
6047:
6045:
6043:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6029:
6027:
6025:
6022:Lesser kudu (
6020:
6018:
6016:
6011:
6009:
6007:
6002:
6000:
5998:
5993:
5992:
5990:
5984:
5976:
5975:
5970:
5967:
5965:
5961:
5951:
5949:
5944:
5943:
5941:
5939:
5938:
5933:
5927:
5925:
5920:
5919:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5903:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5892:
5887:
5885:
5883:
5878:
5876:
5874:
5869:
5867:
5865:
5860:
5858:
5856:
5851:
5849:
5847:
5842:
5840:
5838:
5837:B. domesticus
5835:Bali cattle (
5833:
5831:
5829:
5824:
5822:
5820:
5815:
5814:
5812:
5810:
5809:
5804:
5798:
5796:
5791:
5789:
5787:
5782:
5780:
5778:
5773:
5771:
5769:
5764:
5762:
5760:
5755:
5754:
5752:
5750:
5749:
5744:
5741:
5739:
5735:
5725:
5723:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5713:
5712:
5707:
5701:
5699:
5694:
5693:
5691:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5680:
5678:
5674:
5670:
5664:
5660:
5653:
5649:
5635:
5633:
5628:
5626:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5616:
5614:
5613:
5608:
5602:
5600:
5595:
5594:
5592:
5590:
5589:
5584:
5578:
5576:
5571:
5569:
5567:
5562:
5560:
5558:
5553:
5551:
5549:
5544:
5542:
5540:
5539:O. canadensis
5535:
5533:
5531:
5526:
5524:
5522:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5511:
5506:
5500:
5498:
5493:
5492:
5490:
5488:
5487:
5486:Nilgiritragus
5482:
5476:
5474:
5469:
5468:
5466:
5464:
5463:
5458:
5452:
5450:
5449:O. americanus
5445:
5444:
5442:
5440:
5439:
5434:
5428:
5426:
5421:
5419:
5417:
5412:
5410:
5408:
5403:
5401:
5399:
5394:
5393:
5391:
5389:
5388:
5383:
5377:
5375:
5374:H. jemlahicus
5370:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5364:
5359:
5353:
5351:
5346:
5344:
5342:
5337:
5335:
5333:
5328:
5326:
5324:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5314:
5313:
5308:
5302:
5300:
5295:
5293:
5291:
5286:
5284:
5282:
5277:
5275:
5273:
5270:Nubian ibex (
5268:
5266:
5264:
5261:Alpine ibex (
5259:
5257:
5255:
5250:
5248:
5246:
5241:
5239:
5237:
5232:
5230:
5228:
5223:
5221:
5219:
5214:
5213:
5211:
5209:
5208:
5203:
5197:
5195:
5190:
5189:
5187:
5185:
5184:
5179:
5173:
5171:
5166:
5165:
5163:
5161:
5160:
5155:
5149:
5147:
5142:
5141:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5127:
5121:
5117:
5110:
5106:
5092:
5090:
5086:
5080:
5078:
5074:
5068:
5066:
5062:
5052:
5050:
5045:
5044:
5042:
5040:
5039:
5034:
5031:
5029:
5028:Pantholopinae
5025:
5015:
5013:
5008:
5006:
5004:
4999:
4998:
4996:
4994:
4993:
4988:
4982:
4980:
4979:A. buselaphus
4975:
4974:
4972:
4970:
4969:
4964:
4958:
4956:
4951:
4949:
4947:
4942:
4941:
4939:
4937:
4936:
4931:
4925:
4923:
4918:
4917:
4915:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4904:
4902:
4898:
4888:
4886:
4883:Grey rhebok (
4881:
4880:
4878:
4876:
4875:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4861:
4851:
4849:
4844:
4843:
4841:
4839:
4838:
4833:
4830:
4828:
4827:Aepycerotinae
4824:
4814:
4812:
4807:
4805:
4803:
4798:
4796:
4794:
4789:
4788:
4786:
4784:
4783:
4778:
4772:
4770:
4765:
4763:
4761:
4758:Nile lechwe (
4756:
4754:
4752:
4747:
4745:
4743:
4738:
4736:
4734:
4729:
4728:
4726:
4724:
4723:
4718:
4715:
4713:
4709:
4699:
4697:
4692:
4691:
4689:
4687:
4686:
4681:
4675:
4673:
4668:
4666:
4664:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4650:
4648:
4646:
4641:
4640:
4638:
4636:
4635:
4630:
4624:
4622:
4617:
4615:
4613:
4608:
4607:
4605:
4603:
4602:
4597:
4594:
4592:
4591:Hippotraginae
4588:
4584:
4579:
4572:
4568:
4550:
4548:
4543:
4541:
4539:
4534:
4532:
4530:
4525:
4524:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4508:
4506:
4501:
4499:
4497:
4492:
4491:
4489:
4486:
4485:
4480:
4474:
4472:
4467:
4464:
4462:
4457:
4456:
4454:
4452:
4451:
4446:
4440:
4438:
4437:B. dichotomus
4433:
4432:
4430:
4428:
4427:
4422:
4416:
4414:
4411:Pampas deer (
4409:
4408:
4406:
4404:
4403:
4398:
4392:
4390:
4385:
4383:
4381:
4376:
4374:
4372:
4371:M. nemorivaga
4367:
4365:
4363:
4358:
4356:
4354:
4349:
4347:
4345:
4340:
4338:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4327:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4315:Red brocket (
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4307:
4302:
4296:
4294:
4289:
4287:
4285:
4284:H. antisensis
4280:
4279:
4277:
4275:
4274:
4269:
4263:
4261:
4256:
4255:
4253:
4251:
4250:
4245:
4239:
4237:
4232:
4230:
4228:
4223:
4222:
4220:
4218:
4217:
4212:
4206:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4196:
4194:
4193:
4188:
4182:
4180:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4170:
4169:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4155:
4145:
4143:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4129:
4127:
4125:
4124:C. canadensis
4120:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4091:
4085:
4083:
4078:
4076:
4074:
4073:R. timorensis
4069:
4067:
4065:
4060:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4048:
4046:
4045:
4040:
4034:
4032:
4031:E. davidianus
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4021:
4016:
4010:
4008:
4003:
4001:
3999:
3998:R. duvaucelii
3994:
3993:
3991:
3989:
3988:
3983:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3963:Bawean deer (
3961:
3959:
3957:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3940:
3938:
3937:
3932:
3926:
3924:
3919:
3917:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3907:
3905:
3904:
3899:
3893:
3891:
3888:Tufted deer (
3886:
3885:
3883:
3881:
3880:
3875:
3869:
3867:
3862:
3860:
3858:
3853:
3851:
3849:
3844:
3842:
3840:
3835:
3833:
3831:
3826:
3824:
3822:
3821:M. putaoensis
3817:
3815:
3813:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3781:
3779:
3777:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3767:M. crinifrons
3763:
3761:
3759:
3754:
3753:
3751:
3749:
3748:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3734:
3730:
3725:
3718:
3714:
3700:
3698:
3694:
3688:
3686:
3682:
3672:
3670:
3665:
3663:
3661:
3660:T. versicolor
3656:
3654:
3652:
3647:
3645:
3643:
3638:
3636:
3634:
3629:
3627:
3625:
3620:
3619:
3617:
3615:
3614:
3609:
3603:
3601:
3596:
3594:
3592:
3587:
3585:
3583:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3573:
3572:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3554:
3553:
3551:
3549:
3548:
3543:
3540:
3538:
3534:
3524:
3522:
3517:
3515:
3513:
3508:
3506:
3504:
3499:
3497:
3495:
3490:
3488:
3486:
3481:
3479:
3477:
3472:
3470:
3468:
3467:M. anhuiensis
3463:
3462:
3460:
3458:
3457:
3452:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3433:
3431:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3421:G. reticulata
3417:
3415:
3413:
3408:
3406:
3404:
3399:
3398:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3382:
3380:
3375:
3374:
3372:
3370:
3369:
3364:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3345:
3343:
3338:
3337:
3335:
3333:
3332:
3327:
3324:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3304:
3300:
3294:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3282:
3278:
3276:
3272:
3270:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3257:
3249:
3244:
3242:
3237:
3235:
3230:
3229:
3226:
3220:
3217:
3216:
3212:
3198:
3197:
3192:
3186:
3183:
3172:
3168:
3162:
3159:
3148:
3144:
3138:
3135:
3130:
3126:
3119:
3116:
3104:(94): 533–545
3103:
3099:
3098:Fossil Record
3095:
3088:
3086:
3082:
3079:
3077:
3070:
3067:
3064:
3062:
3055:
3052:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3035:
3030:
3025:
3021:
3017:
3013:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2991:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2976:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2961:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2952:Blancocamelus
2946:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2931:
2928:
2917:on 2021-02-13
2916:
2912:
2910:
2902:
2899:
2894:
2890:
2885:
2880:
2876:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2850:
2846:
2837:
2835:
2831:
2826:
2822:
2817:
2812:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2780:
2771:
2768:
2763:
2757:
2753:
2746:
2743:
2738:
2732:
2728:
2721:
2718:
2712:
2709:
2705:
2700:
2697:
2689:September 12,
2685:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2667:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2646:
2641:
2637:
2633:
2629:
2625:
2621:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2602:
2599:
2594:
2588:
2584:
2580:
2579:
2571:
2569:
2567:
2563:
2558:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2540:
2536:
2532:
2528:
2524:
2520:
2516:
2512:
2508:
2501:
2498:
2493:
2487:
2483:
2478:
2477:
2468:
2465:
2455:
2449:
2445:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2426:
2423:
2419:
2413:
2411:
2407:
2402:
2396:
2392:
2385:
2383:
2379:
2373:
2371:
2370:communities.
2369:
2365:
2361:
2353:
2346:
2344:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2334:
2333:Titanotylopus
2330:
2329:
2326:
2322:
2320:
2316:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2308:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2296:
2295:
2291:
2290:
2286:
2284:
2280:
2278:
2277:
2273:
2272:
2269:
2265:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:
2249:
2248:
2244:
2240:
2238:
2235:
2233:
2232:
2231:Poebrotherium
2228:
2227:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2215:
2211:
2210:
2206:
2204:
2200:
2198:
2197:
2193:
2192:
2188:
2186:
2183:Early-Middle
2182:
2180:
2179:
2175:
2174:
2170:
2168:
2164:
2161:
2159:
2158:
2154:
2153:
2150:
2149:North America
2146:
2144:
2140:
2137:
2135:
2134:
2130:
2129:
2125:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2108:
2104:
2102:
2098:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2090:
2087:
2086:South America
2083:
2081:
2078:
2076:
2075:
2071:
2070:
2066:
2064:
2060:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2050:
2049:
2045:
2043:
2039:
2037:
2036:
2032:
2031:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2020:
2019:
2015:
2014:
2010:
2007:
2004:
2003:
1997:
1960:
1959:
1951:
1950:
1942:
1941:
1934:
1933:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1924:
1916:
1915:
1912:
1902:
1901:
1893:
1892:
1885:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1876:
1875:
1872:
1871:
1860:
1859:
1856:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1840:
1834:
1833:
1826:
1825:
1821:
1820:
1817:
1816:
1808:
1807:
1800:
1799:
1795:
1794:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1783:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1761:
1760:
1753:
1752:
1748:
1747:
1744:
1743:
1735:
1734:
1727:
1726:
1725:Blancocamelus
1722:
1721:
1718:
1717:
1709:
1708:
1701:
1700:
1696:
1695:
1692:
1691:
1688:
1687:
1676:
1675:
1672:
1671:
1670:
1663:
1662:
1659:
1658:
1655:
1654:
1653:
1646:
1645:
1642:
1641:
1638:
1637:
1636:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1621:
1620:
1619:
1618:Lama guanicoe
1612:
1611:
1604:
1603:
1599:
1598:
1592:
1591:
1585:
1584:
1577:
1576:
1569:
1559:
1558:
1553:
1552:
1551:
1550:
1545:
1541:
1540:
1535:
1534:
1533:
1532:
1527:
1523:
1522:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1501:
1497:
1495:
1494:Camelus ferus
1491:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1479:
1477:
1473:
1470:
1469:
1468:
1467:
1462:
1461:
1460:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1444:
1443:
1442:
1441:
1436:
1432:
1431:
1426:
1424:
1423:
1418:
1416:
1415:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1402:
1400:
1399:
1394:
1393:
1392:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1375:
1373:
1369:
1366:
1364:
1363:Lama guanicoe
1360:
1357:
1355:
1351:
1348:
1347:
1346:
1345:
1340:
1339:
1338:
1334:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1326:
1322:
1320:
1316:
1314:
1310:
1308:
1304:
1303:
1302:
1301:
1294:
1293:
1287:
1281:
1277:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1261:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1245:Camelus ferus
1241:
1239:
1238:
1233:
1232:
1227:
1226:
1221:
1220:
1219:Titanotylopus
1214:
1212:
1208:
1204:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1183:
1181:
1177:
1173:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1159:
1155:
1154:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1136:
1134:
1130:
1129:
1128:Poebrotherium
1124:
1120:
1119:
1114:
1104:
1083:
1078:
1069:
1068:
1060:
1059:
1051:
1050:
1042:
1041:
1027:
1018:
1017:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
999:
998:
992:
991:
988:
987:
984:
983:
977:
976:
970:
961:
960:
955:
954:
949:
948:
945:
944:
936:
935:
932:
931:
930:
923:
922:
919:
918:
915:
914:
913:
906:
905:
899:
898:
894:
893:
887:
884:
883:
880:
879:
871:
870:
862:
861:
858:
857:
856:
849:
848:
845:
844:
841:
840:
839:
832:
831:
828:
827:
824:
823:
822:
815:
814:
811:
810:
807:
806:
805:
798:
797:
791:
790:
786:
785:
779:
776:
775:
769:
766:
765:
761:
760:
754:
747:
745:
741:
738:
734:
732:
730:
725:
722:
721:
717:
714:
711:
707:
705:
703:
698:
695:
694:
690:
687:
684:
680:
678:
676:
675:Lama guanicoe
671:
668:
667:
663:
660:
657:
653:
651:
649:
644:
641:
640:
637:
636:
635:
629:
625:
622:
619:
615:
613:
611:
610:Camelus ferus
606:
603:
602:
598:
593:
590:
586:
584:
582:
573:
570:
569:
565:
561:
557:
554:
551:
545:
543:
538:
535:
534:
531:
530:
529:
523:
519:
516:
513:
510:
509:
506:
503:
501:
496:
494:
489:
485:
483:
478:
473:
471:
467:
463:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
426:incisive bone
423:
419:
415:
406:
399:
397:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
372:
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
328:
325:
321:
311:
307:
302:
297:
294:
292:
288:
286:
282:
280:
276:
274:
270:
268:
264:
263:
261:
256:
252:
251:
246:
243:
239:
234:
229:
226:
223:
222:
219:
216:
214:Superfamily:
213:
212:
209:
206:
203:
202:
199:
196:
193:
192:
189:
186:
183:
182:
179:
176:
173:
172:
169:
166:
163:
162:
159:
156:
153:
152:
147:
142:
138:
134:
129:
125:
120:
116:
112:
105:
100:
95:
90:
85:
80:
75:
70:
65:
60:
55:
50:
44:
33:
30:
19:
7821:
7697:
7622:
7610:
7599:H. amphibius
7598:
7588:Hippopotamus
7586:
7566:Whippomorpha
7535:
7526:
7517:
7505:
7493:
7484:
7475:
7466:
7454:
7445:
7403:
7391:
7379:
7367:
7355:
7343:
7318:
7309:
7300:
7291:
7282:
7273:
7264:
7255:
7247:S. cebifrons
7246:
7237:
7228:
7216:
7204:
7195:
7183:
7171:
7159:
7148:P. africanus
7147:
7138:
7128:Phacochoerus
7126:
7114:
7102:
7090:
7081:
7073:B. babyrussa
7072:
7060:
7009:
6997:
6985:
6977:P. maxwellii
6976:
6968:P. monticola
6967:
6955:
6943:
6934:
6925:
6916:
6908:C. rufilatus
6907:
6898:
6889:
6880:
6871:
6862:
6853:
6844:
6835:
6826:
6825:Bay duiker (
6818:C. crusalbum
6817:
6808:
6799:
6790:
6778:
6770:Cephalophini
6753:
6745:R. melanotis
6744:
6735:
6723:
6711:
6699:
6687:
6675:
6663:
6655:N. moschatus
6654:
6645:
6633:
6621:
6612:
6603:
6595:M. guentheri
6594:
6582:
6571:D. megalotis
6570:
6558:
6533:
6521:
6510:P. hodgsonii
6509:
6497:
6474:
6465:
6457:P. gutturosa
6456:
6444:
6432:
6423:
6414:
6405:
6396:
6384:
6372:
6360:
6348:
6339:
6330:
6321:
6313:G. erlangeri
6312:
6303:
6294:
6286:G. bennettii
6285:
6273:
6261:
6253:E. thomsonii
6252:
6244:E. rufifrons
6243:
6234:
6222:
6210:
6198:
6186:
6174:
6162:
6150:
6092:
6084:T. derbianus
6083:
6071:
6059:
6050:
6041:
6032:
6023:
6015:T. eurycerus
6014:
6005:
5996:
5972:
5964:Tragelaphini
5947:
5935:
5923:
5911:
5899:
5890:
5882:B. javanicus
5881:
5872:
5864:B. grunniens
5863:
5854:
5846:B. frontalis
5845:
5836:
5827:
5818:
5806:
5794:
5785:
5776:
5767:
5758:
5746:
5721:
5709:
5697:
5685:
5632:R. rupicapra
5631:
5623:R. pyrenaica
5622:
5610:
5598:
5586:
5574:
5565:
5564:Snow sheep (
5556:
5547:
5546:Dall sheep (
5538:
5529:
5520:
5508:
5497:N. hylocrius
5496:
5484:
5473:O. moschatus
5472:
5460:
5448:
5436:
5424:
5415:
5406:
5397:
5385:
5373:
5361:
5349:
5340:
5331:
5322:
5310:
5298:
5297:Walia ibex (
5289:
5281:C. pyrenaica
5280:
5271:
5262:
5253:
5245:C. falconeri
5244:
5235:
5226:
5217:
5205:
5194:B. taxicolor
5193:
5181:
5169:
5157:
5145:
5133:
5049:P. hodgsonii
5048:
5036:
5011:
5002:
4992:Connochaetes
4990:
4978:
4977:Hartebeest (
4966:
4954:
4945:
4933:
4921:
4909:
4901:Alcelaphinae
4885:P. capreolus
4884:
4872:
4847:
4835:
4810:
4801:
4793:R. arundinum
4792:
4780:
4768:
4760:K. megaceros
4759:
4750:
4741:
4732:
4720:
4695:
4683:
4671:
4662:
4653:
4644:
4632:
4620:
4611:
4599:
4546:
4537:
4528:
4516:
4504:
4495:
4482:
4470:
4460:
4448:
4436:
4435:Marsh deer (
4424:
4412:
4400:
4388:
4379:
4370:
4361:
4352:
4343:
4334:
4325:
4317:M. americana
4316:
4304:
4292:
4283:
4273:Hippocamelus
4271:
4259:
4247:
4235:
4227:C. capreolus
4226:
4214:
4202:
4201:Water deer (
4190:
4178:
4166:
4141:
4132:
4123:
4114:
4105:
4093:
4081:
4072:
4064:R. mariannus
4063:
4054:
4042:
4030:
4018:
4006:
4005:Eld's deer (
3997:
3996:Barasingha (
3985:
3973:
3964:
3955:
3946:
3934:
3922:
3913:
3901:
3889:
3877:
3865:
3857:M. vaginalis
3856:
3847:
3838:
3829:
3820:
3811:
3802:
3793:
3784:
3775:
3766:
3758:M. atherodes
3757:
3745:
3668:
3659:
3651:T. nigricans
3650:
3641:
3632:
3624:T. javanicus
3623:
3611:
3599:
3590:
3581:
3569:
3558:H. aquaticus
3557:
3545:
3520:
3511:
3502:
3493:
3484:
3475:
3466:
3454:
3429:
3420:
3411:
3402:
3390:
3379:O. johnstoni
3378:
3366:
3342:A. americana
3341:
3329:
3291:Superorder:
3285:Infraclass:
3256:Artiodactyla
3200:. Retrieved
3194:
3185:
3174:. Retrieved
3170:
3161:
3150:. Retrieved
3146:
3137:
3128:
3118:
3106:. Retrieved
3101:
3097:
3075:
3069:
3060:
3054:
3019:
3015:
3005:
2996:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2966:
2960:
2951:
2945:
2936:
2930:
2919:. Retrieved
2915:the original
2909:Hemiauchenia
2908:
2901:
2858:
2854:
2848:
2844:
2788:
2785:BMC Genomics
2784:
2778:
2770:
2751:
2745:
2726:
2720:
2711:
2699:
2687:. Retrieved
2665:
2661:
2648:
2615:
2611:
2601:
2577:
2514:
2510:
2500:
2475:
2467:
2457:, retrieved
2435:
2425:
2417:
2390:
2357:
2331:
2324:
2310:
2292:
2274:
2267:
2263:
2250:
2229:
2212:
2194:
2176:
2155:
2131:
2112:Hemiauchenia
2110:
2092:
2072:
2051:
2033:
2016:
1930:
1881:
1868:
1852:
1837:
1822:
1796:
1749:
1723:
1697:
1684:
1669:Lama vicugna
1667:
1666:
1650:
1649:
1633:
1632:
1616:
1615:
1602:Hemiauchenia
1600:
1555:
1547:
1537:
1529:
1519:
1511:
1503:
1500:Syrian camel
1493:
1484:
1475:
1464:
1446:
1438:
1428:
1420:
1412:
1404:
1396:
1390:Hemiauchenia
1388:
1381:Lama vicugna
1380:
1371:
1362:
1353:
1342:
1319:Stenomylinae
1299:
1298:
1290:
1268:
1248:
1244:
1242:
1235:
1229:
1223:
1217:
1215:
1184:
1175:
1167:Hemiauchenia
1165:
1156:crossed the
1151:
1137:
1126:
1116:
1109:
1082:dymaxion map
1011:
1010:
996:
995:
981:
980:
951:
927:
926:
910:
909:
895:
853:
852:
836:
835:
819:
818:
802:
801:
787:
767:
729:Lama vicugna
728:
726:
701:
699:
674:
672:
647:
645:
632:
631:
609:
607:
580:
578:
541:
539:
526:
525:
504:
497:
490:
486:
474:
430:canine teeth
411:
374:Artiodactyla
333:. The seven
326:
319:
318:
285:Stenomylinae
258:Subfamilies
248:
227:
198:Artiodactyla
29:
7952:iNaturalist
7846:Wikispecies
7754:Chilihueque
7476:L. guanicoe
7335:Tayassuidae
7299:Wild boar (
7238:S. barbatus
7196:P. larvatus
7172:P. salvania
7170:Pygmy hog (
7104:Hylochoerus
6957:Philantomba
6845:C. jentinki
6827:C. dorsalis
6780:Cephalophus
6664:N. pygmaeus
6622:M. saltiana
6560:Dorcatragus
6534:S. tatarica
6424:N. petersii
6362:Litocranius
6262:E. tilonura
6209:Blackbuck (
6185:Springbok (
6128:Antilopinae
6126:(subfamily
6073:Taurotragus
6040:Sitatunga (
6033:T. scriptus
6024:T. imberbis
5981:(including
5974:Tragelaphus
5795:B. quarlesi
5677:Boselaphini
5661:(subfamily
5566:O. nivicola
5407:N. caudatus
5396:Red goral (
5387:Naemorhedus
5350:C. swinhoei
5330:Red serow (
5312:Capricornis
5290:C. sibirica
5227:C. caucasia
5218:C. aegagrus
5216:Wild goat (
5170:A. jayakari
5159:Arabitragus
5118:(subfamily
5089:Antilopinae
5012:C. taurinus
4955:D. pygargus
4848:A. melampus
4769:K. vardonii
4731:Waterbuck (
4672:O. leucoryx
4601:Hippotragus
4529:O. hemionus
4527:Mule deer (
4426:Blastocerus
4335:M. bricenii
4293:H. bisulcus
4260:R. tarandus
4236:C. pygargus
4158:Capreolinae
4140:Sika deer (
4082:R. unicolor
4071:Rusa deer (
3974:A. porcinus
3794:M. montanus
3591:M. kathygre
3340:Pronghorn (
3331:Antilocapra
3108:18 December
3074:Database -
3059:Database -
2997:Paracamelus
2911:basic info"
2517:(1): 3856.
2343:Pleistocene
2266:and modern
2264:Titanolypus
2220:Pleistocene
2196:Oxydactylus
2167:Pleistocene
2157:Megacamelus
2143:Pleistocene
2133:Megatylopus
2122:Pleistocene
2080:Pleistocene
2063:Pleistocene
2018:Aepycamelus
2005:Genus name
1824:Paracamelus
1549:Paracamelus
1323:†Subfamily
1317:†Subfamily
1311:†Subfamily
1305:†Subfamily
1237:Oxydactylus
1231:Aepycamelus
1176:Paracamelus
1153:Paracamelus
821:L. guanicoe
482:unguligrade
414:herbivorous
8088:Categories
7612:Choeropsis
7494:L. vicugna
7380:C. wagneri
7283:S. oliveri
7274:S. heureni
7010:S. grimmia
6999:Sylvicapra
6986:P. walteri
6899:C. rubidis
6890:C. ogilbyi
6836:C. harveyi
6800:C. brookei
6754:R. sharpei
6734:Steenbok (
6725:Raphicerus
6677:Oreotragus
6550:Neotragini
6499:Pantholops
6415:N. notatus
6373:L. walleri
6322:G. gazella
6295:G. cuvieri
6284:Chinkara (
6176:Antidorcas
6163:A. clarkei
6152:Ammodorcas
6142:Antilopini
6042:T. spekeii
6006:T. buxtoni
5997:T. angasii
5889:Wild yak (
5873:B. indicus
5828:B. bonasus
5768:B. bubalis
5711:Boselaphus
5687:Tetracerus
5557:O. gmelini
5425:N. griseus
5398:N. baileyi
5363:Hemitragus
5332:C. rubidus
5323:C. crispus
5272:C. nubiana
5135:Ammotragus
5038:Pantholops
4968:Alcelaphus
4953:Bontebok (
4946:D. lunatus
4935:Damaliscus
4922:B. hunteri
4811:R. redunca
4712:Reduncinae
4663:O. gazella
4612:H. equinus
4538:O. pandora
4518:Odocoileus
4402:Ozotoceros
4258:Reindeer (
4203:H. inermis
4192:Hydropotes
4115:C. elaphus
4113:Red deer (
4055:R. alfredi
3972:Hog deer (
3830:M. reevesi
3803:M. muntjak
3633:T. kanchil
3600:M. meminna
3547:Hyemoschus
3537:Tragulidae
3494:M. cupreus
3412:G. giraffa
3358:Giraffidae
3309:Ruminantia
3202:2024-06-11
3176:2024-06-11
3152:2024-06-11
3147:spa.gov.sa
3078:basic info
3063:basic info
3061:Procamelus
2999:basic info
2984:basic info
2969:basic info
2954:basic info
2939:basic info
2937:Palaeolama
2921:2020-06-29
2791:(1): 241.
2459:2023-10-29
2374:References
2294:Stenomylus
2276:Protylopus
2252:Procamelus
2214:Palaeolama
1883:Procamelus
1699:Palaeolama
1652:Lama pacos
1635:Lama glama
1440:Palaeolama
1372:Lama pacos
1354:Lama glama
1329:Subfamily
1313:Miolabinae
1273:Australian
1225:Stenomylus
1118:Protylopus
838:V. vicugna
702:Lama pacos
648:Lama glama
560:Inner Asia
458:antibodies
446:epithelium
442:dental pad
279:Miolabinae
242:Type genus
218:Cameloidea
204:Suborder:
41:50–0
7879:Camelidae
7866:Camelidae
7852:Camelidae
7822:Camelidae
7719:Dromedary
7698:Camelidae
7564:Suborder
7474:Guanaco (
7446:Camelidae
7432:Suborder
7404:D. tajacu
7393:Dicotyles
7369:Catagonus
7356:T. pecari
7301:S. scrofa
7205:P. porcus
7194:Bushpig (
7062:Babyrousa
7038:Suborder
6935:C. weynsi
6926:C. spadix
6791:C. adersi
6712:O. ourebi
6646:N. batesi
6635:Neotragus
6604:M. kirkii
6406:N. granti
6371:Gerenuk (
6340:G. spekei
6304:G. dorcas
6161:Dibatag (
5948:S. caffer
5913:Pseudoryx
5900:B. taurus
5880:Banteng (
5855:B. gaurus
5784:Tamaraw (
5630:Chamois (
5612:Rupicapra
5599:P. nayaur
5575:O. vignei
5555:Mouflon (
5254:C. hircus
5243:Markhor (
5146:A. lervia
4911:Beatragus
4837:Aepyceros
4661:Gemsbok (
4654:O. dammah
4496:P. carlae
4389:M. temama
4380:M. rufina
4344:M. chunyi
4326:M. bororo
4216:Capreolus
4142:C. nippon
4133:C. hanglu
4020:Elaphurus
3965:A. kuhlii
3879:Elaphodus
3747:Muntiacus
3582:M. indica
3571:Moschiola
3503:M. fuscus
3446:Moschidae
3307:Suborder
3267:Kingdom:
3046:0567-7920
3038:1732-2421
2967:Pleiolama
2875:1365-2052
2807:1471-2164
2632:0272-4634
2539:2045-2322
2237:Oligocene
2074:Eulamaops
2040:Earliest
1854:Dromedary
1751:Pleiolama
1570:Phylogeny
1481:Dromedary
1331:Camelinae
1271:) in the
1265:dromedary
1191:dromedary
755:Evolution
572:Dromedary
434:premolars
418:ruminants
394:antelopes
327:Camelidae
296:Camelinae
228:Camelidae
164:Kingdom:
158:Eukaryota
35:Camelidae
8114:Tylopoda
8094:Camelids
7996:14200110
7831:Wikidata
7536:C. ferus
7492:Vicuña (
7485:L. pacos
7483:Alpaca (
7467:L. glama
7434:Tylopoda
6944:C. zebra
6872:C. niger
6446:Procapra
6224:Eudorcas
6200:Antilope
5937:Syncerus
5898:Cattle (
5891:B. mutus
5819:B. bison
5759:B. arnee
5720:Nilgai (
5597:Bharal (
5588:Pseudois
5548:O. dalli
5530:O. aries
5521:O. ammon
5519:Argali (
5471:Muskox (
5438:Oreamnos
5416:N. goral
5299:C. walie
5183:Budorcas
5120:Caprinae
5065:Caprinae
4920:Hirola (
4864:Peleinae
4846:Impala (
4751:K. leche
4749:Lechwe (
4645:O. beisa
4621:H. niger
4282:Taruca (
4249:Rangifer
4179:A. alces
4080:Sambar (
4007:R. eldii
3987:Rucervus
3945:Chital (
3737:Cervinae
3724:Cervidae
3685:Cervidae
3613:Tragulus
3287:Eutheria
3281:Mammalia
3275:Chordata
3273:Phylum:
3269:Animalia
3171:NDTV.com
2982:Camelops
2893:19292708
2825:17640355
2640:86174860
2557:32123239
2368:pastoral
2243:Badlands
2178:Michenia
2059:Pliocene
2053:Camelops
2011:Remarks
1911:Camelini
1798:Camelops
1531:Camelops
1459:Camelini
1207:guanacos
1140:Camelini
953:Camelops
886:Camelini
855:V. pacos
804:L. glama
511:Species
477:Tylopoda
450:stomachs
422:incisors
363:guanacos
331:Tylopoda
320:Camelids
224:Family:
208:Tylopoda
188:Mammalia
178:Chordata
174:Phylum:
168:Animalia
154:Domain:
115:Holocene
8066:ZooBank
7837:Q135022
7797:Huarizo
7779:Hybrids
7759:Guanaco
7648:Cetacea
7639:Cetacea
7507:Camelus
7465:Llama (
7345:Tayassu
7161:Porcula
6710:Oribi (
6701:Ourebia
6584:Madoqua
6569:Beira (
6490:Saigini
6397:N. dama
6275:Gazella
6124:Bovidae
6122:Family
6093:T. oryx
6013:Bongo (
5995:Nyala (
5922:Saola (
5844:Gayal (
5748:Bubalus
5663:Bovinae
5659:Bovidae
5657:Family
5573:Urial (
5263:C. ibex
5192:Takin (
5116:Bovidae
5114:Family
5077:Bovinae
5003:C. gnou
4782:Redunca
4694:Addax (
4578:Bovidae
4576:Family
4484:Pudella
4471:P. pudu
4362:M. nana
4177:Moose (
3947:A. axis
3914:D. dama
3776:M. feae
3722:Family
3697:Bovidae
3642:T. napu
3456:Moschus
3392:Giraffa
3377:Okapi (
3279:Class:
3258:species
3254:Extant
2884:2721964
2816:1939714
2684:3900379
2583:216–221
2548:7051995
2519:Bibcode
2482:512–515
2339:Miocene
2301:Miocene
2268:Camelus
2258:Miocene
2203:Miocene
2185:Miocene
2163:Miocene
2141:-Early
2139:Miocene
2118:Miocene
2101:Miocene
2042:Miocene
2024:Miocene
1870:Camelus
1546:Genus:
1528:Genus:
1466:Camelus
1463:Genus:
1387:Genus:
1359:Guanaco
1341:Genus:
1278:, near
1276:outback
1267:camel (
1211:vicuñas
1203:alpacas
1162:Eurasia
1148:Miocene
1031:⊟
965:⊞
897:Camelus
768:Camelid
670:Guanaco
556:Central
528:Camelus
520:Weight
424:in the
359:vicuñas
355:alpacas
250:Camelus
194:Order:
184:Class:
109:Middle
18:Camelid
8045:510775
8029:NZOR:
7983:624918
7970:105013
7931:1CAMEF
7769:Vicuña
7749:Alpaca
7052:Suidae
6653:Suni (
6386:Nanger
5871:Zebu (
5853:Gaur (
5738:Bovini
5462:Ovibos
4767:Puku (
4742:K. kob
4306:Mazama
4095:Cervus
3368:Okapia
3044:
3036:
2891:
2881:
2873:
2823:
2813:
2805:
2758:
2733:
2682:
2638:
2630:
2589:
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2537:
2488:
2450:
2397:
2319:Eocene
2299:Early
2283:Eocene
2201:Early
2099:Early
2008:Epoch
1992:
1986:
1980:
1974:
1968:
1779:Lamini
1457:Tribe
1437:Genus
1377:Vicuña
1368:Alpaca
1337:Lamini
1335:Tribe
1209:, and
1199:llamas
1144:Lamini
1123:Eocene
1113:Eocene
1101:
1099:
1093:
1087:
778:Lamini
724:Vicuña
697:Alpaca
514:Image
438:molars
392:, and
390:cattle
378:whales
361:, and
351:llamas
335:extant
324:family
235:, 1821
111:Eocene
8058:42513
7965:IRMNG
7957:42231
7792:Bukht
7764:Llama
7040:Suina
6523:Saiga
6464:Goa (
5983:kudus
5207:Capra
4874:Pelea
4740:Kob (
4722:Kobus
4685:Addax
4168:Alces
4122:Elk (
3034:eISSN
2658:(PDF)
2636:S2CID
2317:Late
2281:Late
2084:From
1350:Llama
1160:into
744:Andes
643:Llama
371:order
8022:9835
8017:NCBI
7978:ITIS
7944:5716
7939:GBIF
7926:EPPO
7918:7686
7892:1472
7887:BOLD
7787:Cama
7646:see
7456:Lama
5510:Ovis
4634:Oryx
4450:Pudu
4044:Rusa
3936:Axis
3903:Dama
3110:2023
3042:ISSN
2889:PMID
2871:ISSN
2821:PMID
2803:ISSN
2756:ISBN
2731:ISBN
2691:2014
2680:PMID
2628:ISSN
2587:ISBN
2553:PMID
2535:ISSN
2486:ISBN
2448:ISBN
2395:ISBN
1686:Lama
1344:Lama
1234:and
1142:and
1133:goat
789:Lama
634:Lama
558:and
386:deer
382:pigs
233:Gray
49:PreꞒ
8004:NBN
7991:MSW
7913:EoL
7905:7MN
7900:CoL
7874:AFD
7861:ADW
7218:Sus
5808:Bos
3024:doi
2879:PMC
2863:doi
2811:PMC
2793:doi
2670:doi
2620:doi
2543:PMC
2527:doi
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