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placed in the same coffin. Only then did Reyes write to Rosas and inform him that his orders had been carried out. In the aftermath of their deaths, Sarmiento and the
Unitario Party opposition changed their tone drastically and wrote about the executions using terms such as "the beautiful girl", "the doomed couple", and "the repression of love". Camila was 23 years old and eight months pregnant with an illegitimate child. Father Gutiérrez was 24 years old.
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248:, and Perichon de O'Gorman became the unofficial first lady. Her influence and power led to intrigues intended to discredit her, including allegations that she was a spy for the French or the English. After Liniers died in 1810 she retired to a quieter life with her sons and died peacefully in 1847, at the age of 72.
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wrote, "No one advised me to execute the priest Gutiérrez and Camila O'Gorman, nor did anyone speak to me on their behalf. On the contrary, all the leading members of the clergy spoke or wrote to me about this insolent crime and the urgent necessity to make an exemplary punishment to prevent similar
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A memoir first published in 1883, Antonino Reyes, who had served Rosas for 14 years and was his aide-de-camp, secretary, sergeant major, and chief of police at Santos
Lugares Prison, recalled being so moved that he decided not to witness the executions and out of compassion ordered both bodies to be
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hostile to Rosas. As the scandal broke, Adolfo O'Gorman sent a letter to Rosas accusing
Gutierrez of having seduced Camila, "under the guise of religion". Adolfo described himself and his family as heartbroken and pleaded that his daughter be rescued from the man he accused of having kidnapped her.
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but merely detention for a time to clear the scandal they had caused, in a simple affair of love which harmed no one, only themselves. The most lamentable aspect was that she was eight months pregnant. The governor was informed, but this gentleman ignored the innocent creature in the womb, did not
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with a piano and books. However, Rosas rejected his daughter's pleas, claiming that the scandal, "needs a show of my undisputed power, as the moral values and sacred religious norms of a whole society are at stake". At the time, Rosas had removed the administration of justice from the courts and
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had been erected. Camila was considered a pillar of polite society, a close friend and confidante of Rosas' daughter, Manuelita, and a frequent guest at the
Governors Residence. In her late teens, Camila was introduced to Father Ladislao Gutiérrez, whose family had persuaded him to enter the
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was the only institution within
Argentina's Catholic Church which continued to speak out against Rosas' police state tactics. This led Rosas to later banish the Jesuits from Argentina. Father Gutiérrez also came from a similar background; his uncle was the provincial governor of Tucumán,
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and returned to Buenos Aires. Camila claimed she had initiated her relationship with
Gutierrez and insisted on their elopement, angrily denying rumors that she had been raped. From Buenos Aires, Rosas had given strict orders – the fugitives were to be sent to the prison of
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Rosas, who, according to John Lynch, "was curiously proud of his judgment", claimed sole responsibility in his memoirs for having ordered the executions and, conveniently overlooking the pleas on Camila's behalf from his own daughter, the former
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and placing consecrated ashes on her forehead. The next morning, 18 August 1848, O'Gorman and Gutiérrez were taken to the courtyard, tied to chairs, and blindfolded. As Camila was "standing tragically in white", both were executed by
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According to historian John Lynch, "The savage sentence was the responsibility of Rosas alone. The higher clergy and the lawyers seem to have urged severity, but he subsequently denied that he was influenced by any outsider."
288:. Father Gutiérrez had been assigned as the parish priest of Nuestra Señora del Socorro (Our Lady of Relief) and was frequently invited to the O'Gorman family's estate. They soon began a clandestine affair.
355:, with the hope that she might persuade her father to grant clemency. Manuelita immediately replied to her friend's letter, promising to help. Manuelita optimistically furnished a cell in a nearby
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also describes the horror that the executions caused, "These deaths caused shock and sadness among all the inhabitants of the city, for an offense which was not thought to deserve the
198:, the youngest daughter of Adolfo O'Gorman y Perichón de Vandeuil, and his wife, Joaquina Ximénez Pinto. She was the second-to-last of six children in an upper-class family of mixed
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taken it upon himself. "To the astonishment even of hardened officials, in spite of Camila's plea that she was pregnant", Rosas signed a decree ordering their immediate executions.
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and lawyer
Dalmacio VĂ©lez Sarsfield "demanded an exemplary punishment of the wayward daughter that was also giving the industrious and well-regarded community a bad name".
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later commented, "It would have been better for Rosas to have lost a battle than to shoot Camila, such was the damage which he did to his prestige and authority."
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206:, and Spanish descent. Typical of powerful families in Argentina's post-colonial era, two of her brothers went on to pursue reputable careers. Fr.
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415:), and the imaginations of men were occupied in devising what would be the next act by which Rosas would mark this eventful period." Historian
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wait for the mother to give birth, and ordered her to be shot. Such a thing had never happened in Buenos Aires; by killing two, three died."
303:, where they set up the town's first school and posed as a married couple under false names. Corrientes was at the time under the control of
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In reality, the executions, according to historian John Lynch, were "a new cause of alienation from his regime." British journalist and
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640:[Camila O'Gorman: reality and myth in the Argentine cultural imagination] (in Spanish). University of Colorado at Boulder
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declared that Rosas was responsible for the moral corruption of
Argentine womanhood. Camila and Ladislao were recognised by an
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The
Scarlet Trinity: The Doomed Struggle of Camila O'Gorman against Family, Church and State in 19th-Century Buenos Aires
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in separate carriages – as indicated by
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scandals in the future. I thought the same. And as it was my responsibility, I ordered the execution."
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The Execution Scene of Ladislao and Camila is a classical organ solo by composer Shannon M. Grama.
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in the title role. It was one of the first feature films made in Argentina, and is now
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of his sister and only returned to his homeland after the 1852 defeat of Rosas at the
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both dramatized and versified the story of Camila and Fr. Gutiérrez in his 1926 poem
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244:. For his heroic actions in defence of the city, Santiago de Liniers was appointed
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occurred, Liniers masterminded the successful recapture of Buenos Aires from the
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638:"CamilaO'Gorman:Realidad y Mito en el Imaginario Cultural Argentino (1847–1884)"
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MĂ©dicos y policĂas durante la epidemia de fiebre amarilla (Buenos Aires, 1871)
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Adolfo O'Gorman's letter to President Juan Manuel de Rosas (21 December 1847)
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and who had attended the same Jesuit seminary as Camila's brother Eduardo.
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priest, Fr. Michael Gannon. Other Irish Argentines, including Father
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From 1829 to 1852, the Argentine Confederation was governed as a
686:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: Salud Colectiva. pp. 107–120.
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672:, executedtoday.com, 18 August 2008; accessed 28 July 2015.
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Executions of Camila O'Gorman and Father Ladislao Gutiérrez
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executed over a scandal involving her relationship with a
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Immediately after arriving at the prison, as required by
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Before reaching their final destination, Camila wrote to
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Los Irlandeses en Argentina: su ActuaciĂłn y Descendencia
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of her unborn baby. This consisted of Camila drinking
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Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas: 1829–1852
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Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas: 1829–1852
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Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas: 1829–1852
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Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas: 1829–1852
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Argentine Dictator: Juan Manuel de Rosas: 1829–1852
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
539:. It was Argentina's second nomination ever to an
411:, "A panic seized the population of Buenos Ayres (
175:(9 July 1825 – 18 August 1848) was a 19th-century
851:"O'Gorman, Camila (1828-1848), figure of scandal"
772:Antonino Reyes, edited by Manuel Bilbao (1943),
713:Adolfo O'Gorman's Letter to Juan Manuel de Rosas
234:Santiago de Liniers, First Count of Buenos Aires
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486:(DĂa Internacional de la Mujer) 7 March 2019.
315:Rosas' exiled political opponents and future
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905:People executed by Argentina by firing squad
858:, lagazeta.com.ar; accessed 7 February 2017.
739:: Irish Centre for Migration Studies), 2000.
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545:Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film
619:Imposturas histĂłricas e identidad nacional
468:Preludio SinfĂłnico, Un relato sobre Camila
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454:and the Caudillo's subsequent overthrow.
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
831:, Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 240, 378.
789:, Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 240, 378.
802:, Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 240–241.
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621:(in Spanish). Buenos Aires: El Ateneo.
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267:politician, around whom a pervasive
47:adding citations to reliable sources
16:Argentine socialite executed in 1848
814:Fallecimiento del canĂłnigo O'Gorman
636:Iturbe-La Grave, Valentina (2015).
930:Argentine people of French descent
763:, Clarendon Press, Oxford. p. 240.
703:, Clarendon Press, Oxford. p. 239.
291:They escaped from Buenos Aires on
221:She was also the granddaughter of
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895:Argentine people of Irish descent
715:, chnm.gmu.edu, 21 December 1847.
165:San Andrés, Buenos Aires Province
856:History of Santos Lugares prison
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920:Burials at La Recoleta Cemetery
153:Merced, Buenos Aires, Argentina
34:needs additional citations for
865:Baptism record at FamilySearch
246:Viceroy of the RĂo de la Plata
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915:People executed for blasphemy
334:The couple was abducted from
173:Maria Camila O'Gorman Ximénez
147:Maria Camila O'Gorman Ximénez
776:, Buenos Aires. pp. 347–371.
774:Memorias del edecán de Rosas
470:by the Argentinian composer
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729:Julianello, MarĂa Teresa,
321:Domingo Faustino Sarmiento
900:Executed Argentine people
535:as Father Gutiérrez, and
484:International Women's Day
426:of Buenos Aires resident
274:Roman Catholic priesthood
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910:Executed Argentine women
890:People from Buenos Aires
226:Ana PĂ©richon de O'Gorman
162:18 August 1848 (aged 23)
682:Galeano, Diego (2009).
474:was first performed in
137:Camila O'Gorman in 1848
583:, 1987), p. 420.
438:Camila's brother, Fr.
238:first British invasion
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442:, went into exile in
212:Roman Catholic priest
184:Roman Catholic priest
925:Argentine socialites
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295:1847, bound for the
257:Juan Manuel de Rosas
43:improve this article
827:John Lynch (1981),
798:John Lynch (1981),
785:John Lynch (1981),
759:John Lynch (1981),
699:John Lynch (1981),
525:MarĂa Luisa Bemberg
336:Corrientes Province
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269:cult of personality
259:, a General of the
204:French aristocratic
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735:, irlandeses.org (
600:: Planeta, 2002).
458:In popular culture
428:Juan Manuel Beruti
253:single party state
210:was ordained as a
849:Murray, Edmundo.
817:, Caras y Caretas
452:Battle of Caseros
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41:Please help
36:verification
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885:1848 deaths
590:Luna, FĂ©lix
504:Mario Gallo
293:12 December
236:. When the
150:9 July 1825
874:Categories
654:References
476:Montevideo
446:after the
444:Montevideo
377:holy water
319:President
242:Royal Navy
69:newspapers
552:In poetry
407:wrote to
369:canon law
190:Biography
180:socialite
177:Argentine
99:July 2015
617:(2005).
402:diplomat
394:caudillo
230:mistress
592:(ed.),
517:1984 –
498:1910 –
493:In film
480:Uruguay
357:convent
309:warlord
232:of the
214:of the
83:scholar
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520:Camila
263:and a
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543:(the
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347:Death
90:JSTOR
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646:2022
623:ISBN
512:lost
307:, a
159:Died
143:Born
62:news
482:on
413:sic
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