441:
401:
38:
1123:
1118:
324:
as a member of the party, where she signed onto bills, including those which focused on the protection of mothers and equal wages for women. Ravera retired from this role in 1958.
602:
576:
1088:
998:
1113:
1007:
424:
384:
1093:
536:
1108:
569:
1103:
1002:
957:
1045:
562:
391:
215:
in person. She was arrested in 1930 and was sentenced to 15 years. After her arrest, she was succeeded as
General Secretary by
1083:
775:
50:
484:
993:
937:
414:
374:
1025:
1012:
296:'s regime. She became the General Secretary of the party in 1927. She partook in Comintern's Sixth Congress in 1928 in
224:
1029:
932:
712:
419:
379:
83:
1128:
1098:
340:
59:
528:
922:
1020:
317:
269:
848:
912:
585:
431:
313:
265:
236:
193:
166:
239:, of which she later became a member. Ravera began writing essays promoting socialism, and later moved to
1016:
962:
842:
1078:
1073:
1051:
926:
820:
809:
803:
797:
752:
746:
333:
321:
277:
791:
785:
728:
660:
648:
636:
248:
220:
216:
196:
in 1921. She was
General Secretary of the party from 1927 until 1930 following the arrest of
830:
740:
695:
672:
666:
293:
186:
136:
25:
300:, and was offered permanent residency in the city, which she declined. On 10 July 1930, at
942:
764:
758:
701:
624:
244:
197:
292:, the Communist Party was forced underground, with Ravera becoming a wanted figure under
235:
Ravera first entered socialist circles after delivering her brother Cesare's dues to the
967:
642:
612:
336:
285:
208:
75:
1067:
972:
734:
301:
289:
281:
212:
870:
917:
273:
977:
836:
722:
689:
654:
132:
894:
886:
878:
204:
37:
554:
272:. Here she met important figures within the communist movement, including
952:
182:
947:
471:
Textual
Liberation: European Feminist Writing in the Twentieth Century
297:
223:, she was expelled from the Italian Communist Party for opposing the
529:"The First Woman to Lead a Political Party Was an Italian Communist"
240:
156:
104:
189:. She was also among the driving forces behind Italian feminism.
152:
558:
243:
to become a teacher. Her writings attracted the attention of
251:. In July 1921, she joined the paper's editorial board.
247:, who invited her to write columns for his newspaper
1119:
Women members of the Senate of the
Republic (Italy)
1038:
986:
905:
862:
819:
774:
711:
682:
601:
594:
162:
142:
119:
114:
100:
81:
69:
48:
23:
1124:Women's International Democratic Federation people
227:in 1939 and was not allowed to rejoin until 1945.
312:After World War II, Ravera became a part of the
570:
8:
999:Communist Party of Italy (Marxist–Leninist)
485:"Camilla Ravera, 98, Italy Communist, Dies"
192:Ravera participated in the founding of the
1008:Italian (Marxist–Leninist) Communist Party
598:
577:
563:
555:
36:
20:
268:’s Fourth Congress as a delegate for the
350:
1089:People from the Province of Alessandria
461:
65:8 January 1982 – 14 April 1988
1114:20th-century Italian women politicians
203:Ravera attended various congresses of
181:(18 June 1889 – 14 April 1988) was an
522:
520:
518:
7:
516:
514:
512:
510:
508:
506:
504:
502:
500:
498:
362:
1094:Italian Communist Party politicians
958:Italian Communist Youth Federation
264:In November 1922, Ravera attended
96:8 May 1948 – 11 June 1958
14:
822:Leader in the European Parliament
714:Leader in the Chamber of Deputies
539:from the original on 21 June 2020
1109:20th-century Italian politicians
527:Alfano, Lorenzo (18 June 2020).
439:
399:
320:. She served as a member of the
185:politician and the first female
428:
388:
1003:Italian Marxist–Leninist Party
1:
994:International Communist Party
938:National Liberation Committee
469:Forsas-Scott, Helena (1991).
1026:Communist Refoundation Party
1013:Democratic Party of the Left
1104:Italian socialist feminists
1030:Party of Italian Communists
933:Italian resistance movement
1145:
923:XII International Brigade
473:. Routledge. p. 238.
368:
365:
359:
356:
353:
172:
110:
89:
56:
44:
35:
1046:Popular Democratic Front
318:Communist Party of Italy
270:Communist Party of Italy
260:Communist Party of Italy
913:Italian Socialist Party
849:Luigi Alberto Colajanni
587:Italian Communist Party
316:, the successor to the
314:Italian Communist Party
308:Italian Communist Party
304:, Ravera was arrested.
237:Italian Socialist Party
225:Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact
194:Italian Communist Party
339:made Camilla Ravera a
51:Senate of the Republic
1084:Italian life senators
1017:Democrats of the Left
425:Turin–Novara–Vercelli
385:Turin–Novara–Vercelli
777:Leader in the Senate
1052:Historic Compromise
927:Garibaldi Battalion
804:Gerardo Chiaromonte
619:Executive Committee
420:Chamber of Deputies
380:Chamber of Deputies
84:Chamber of Deputies
753:Giorgio Napolitano
747:Fernando Di Giulio
489:The New York Times
322:Italian Parliament
278:Khristo Kabakchiev
16:Italian politician
1099:Italian feminists
1061:
1060:
858:
857:
843:Giovanni Cervetti
792:Umberto Terracini
786:Mauro Scoccimarro
729:Palmiro Togliatti
661:Enrico Berlinguer
649:Palmiro Togliatti
637:Palmiro Togliatti
604:General Secretary
453:
452:
347:Electoral history
332:In 1982, Italian
221:Umberto Terracini
217:Palmiro Togliatti
176:
175:
1136:
1021:Democratic Party
963:Marxism–Leninism
906:Related articles
831:Giorgio Amendola
823:
778:
741:Alessandro Natta
715:
696:Alessandro Natta
673:Achille Occhetto
667:Alessandro Natta
605:
599:
588:
579:
572:
565:
556:
549:
548:
546:
544:
524:
493:
492:
491:. 16 April 1988.
481:
475:
474:
466:
446:
443:
442:
406:
403:
402:
351:
341:Senator for Life
255:Political career
187:lifetime senator
149:
137:Kingdom of Italy
129:
127:
115:Personal details
94:
72:
63:
40:
26:Senator for life
21:
1144:
1143:
1139:
1138:
1137:
1135:
1134:
1133:
1064:
1063:
1062:
1057:
1034:
982:
943:May 1947 crises
901:
854:
821:
815:
776:
770:
765:Giulio Quercini
759:Renato Zangheri
713:
707:
702:Aldo Tortorella
678:
625:Antonio Gramsci
603:
590:
586:
583:
553:
552:
542:
540:
526:
525:
496:
483:
482:
478:
468:
467:
463:
458:
444:
440:
404:
400:
349:
330:
310:
262:
257:
245:Antonio Gramsci
233:
207:, meeting both
198:Antonio Gramsci
163:Political party
151:
147:
131:
125:
123:
95:
90:
70:
64:
57:
31:
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
1142:
1140:
1132:
1131:
1129:Women's firsts
1126:
1121:
1116:
1111:
1106:
1101:
1096:
1091:
1086:
1081:
1076:
1066:
1065:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1049:
1042:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1033:
1032:
1023:
1010:
1005:
996:
990:
988:
984:
983:
981:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
920:
915:
909:
907:
903:
902:
900:
899:
891:
883:
875:
866:
864:
860:
859:
856:
855:
853:
852:
846:
840:
834:
827:
825:
817:
816:
814:
813:
807:
801:
795:
789:
782:
780:
772:
771:
769:
768:
762:
756:
750:
744:
738:
732:
726:
719:
717:
709:
708:
706:
705:
699:
693:
686:
684:
680:
679:
677:
676:
670:
664:
658:
652:
646:
643:Ruggero Grieco
640:
634:
631:Camilla Ravera
628:
622:
616:
613:Amadeo Bordiga
609:
607:
596:
592:
591:
584:
582:
581:
574:
567:
559:
551:
550:
533:jacobinmag.com
494:
476:
460:
459:
457:
454:
451:
450:
437:
434:
429:
427:
422:
417:
411:
410:
397:
394:
389:
387:
382:
377:
371:
370:
367:
364:
361:
358:
355:
348:
345:
337:Sandro Pertini
329:
326:
309:
306:
286:Vladimir Lenin
261:
258:
256:
253:
249:L’Ordine Nuovo
232:
229:
209:Vladimir Lenin
179:Camilla Ravera
174:
173:
170:
169:
164:
160:
159:
150:(aged 98)
144:
140:
139:
121:
117:
116:
112:
111:
108:
107:
102:
98:
97:
87:
86:
82:Member of the
79:
78:
76:Sandro Pertini
73:
67:
66:
54:
53:
49:Member of the
46:
45:
42:
41:
33:
32:
30:Camilla Ravera
29:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1141:
1130:
1127:
1125:
1122:
1120:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1110:
1107:
1105:
1102:
1100:
1097:
1095:
1092:
1090:
1087:
1085:
1082:
1080:
1077:
1075:
1072:
1071:
1069:
1053:
1050:
1047:
1044:
1043:
1041:
1037:
1031:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1006:
1004:
1000:
997:
995:
992:
991:
989:
985:
979:
976:
974:
973:Eurocommunism
971:
969:
966:
964:
961:
959:
956:
954:
951:
949:
946:
944:
941:
939:
936:
934:
931:
928:
924:
921:
919:
916:
914:
911:
910:
908:
904:
897:
896:
892:
889:
888:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
872:
868:
867:
865:
861:
850:
847:
844:
841:
838:
835:
832:
829:
828:
826:
824:
818:
811:
810:Ugo Pecchioli
808:
805:
802:
799:
796:
793:
790:
787:
784:
783:
781:
779:
773:
766:
763:
760:
757:
754:
751:
748:
745:
742:
739:
736:
735:Pietro Ingrao
733:
730:
727:
724:
721:
720:
718:
716:
710:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
685:
681:
674:
671:
668:
665:
662:
659:
656:
653:
650:
647:
644:
641:
638:
635:
632:
629:
626:
623:
620:
617:
614:
611:
610:
608:
606:
600:
597:
593:
589:
580:
575:
573:
568:
566:
561:
560:
557:
538:
534:
530:
523:
521:
519:
517:
515:
513:
511:
509:
507:
505:
503:
501:
499:
495:
490:
486:
480:
477:
472:
465:
462:
455:
449:
438:
435:
433:
430:
426:
423:
421:
418:
416:
413:
412:
409:
398:
395:
393:
390:
386:
383:
381:
378:
376:
373:
372:
360:Constituency
352:
346:
344:
342:
338:
335:
327:
325:
323:
319:
315:
307:
305:
303:
302:Lake Maggiore
299:
295:
291:
290:March on Rome
287:
283:
282:Joseph Stalin
279:
275:
271:
267:
259:
254:
252:
250:
246:
242:
238:
230:
228:
226:
222:
219:. Along with
218:
214:
213:Joseph Stalin
210:
206:
201:
199:
195:
190:
188:
184:
180:
171:
168:
165:
161:
158:
154:
146:14 April 1988
145:
141:
138:
134:
122:
118:
113:
109:
106:
103:
99:
93:
88:
85:
80:
77:
74:
68:
62:
61:
55:
52:
47:
43:
39:
34:
27:
22:
19:
918:Culturalists
893:
885:
877:
869:
863:Publications
798:Edoardo Pema
630:
618:
541:. Retrieved
532:
488:
479:
470:
464:
447:
407:
331:
311:
288:. After the
274:Clara Zetkin
263:
234:
202:
191:
178:
177:
148:(1988-04-14)
130:18 June 1889
101:Constituency
91:
71:Appointed by
58:
18:
1079:1988 deaths
1074:1889 births
1054:(1976–1980)
1048:(1947–1948)
987:Derivatives
978:Migliorismo
898:(1944–1991)
890:(1948–1953)
882:(1946–1978)
874:(1924–1991)
851:(1989–1991)
845:(1984–1989)
839:(1980–1984)
837:Guido Fanti
833:(1979–1980)
812:(1986–1991)
806:(1983–1986)
800:(1973–1986)
794:(1958–1973)
788:(1948–1958)
767:(1990–1991)
761:(1986–1990)
755:(1981–1986)
749:(1979–1981)
743:(1972–1979)
737:(1964–1972)
731:(1947–1964)
725:(1946–1947)
723:Luigi Longo
704:(1990–1991)
698:(1989–1990)
692:(1972–1980)
690:Luigi Longo
675:(1988–1991)
669:(1984–1988)
663:(1972–1984)
657:(1964–1972)
655:Luigi Longo
651:(1938–1964)
645:(1934–1938)
639:(1930–1934)
633:(1927–1930)
627:(1924–1927)
621:(1923–1924)
615:(1922–1923)
133:Acqui Terme
60:Life tenure
1068:Categories
595:Leadership
456:References
231:Early life
126:1889-06-18
1039:Alliances
968:Bordigism
895:Rinascita
887:Pattuglia
879:Vie Nuove
683:President
354:Election
334:President
294:Mussolini
266:Comintern
205:Comintern
92:In office
953:Tolyatti
537:Archived
948:AvtoVAZ
871:l'UnitĂ
543:21 June
448:Elected
436:43,650
408:Elected
396:68,716
369:Result
328:Honours
183:Italian
366:Votes
363:Party
357:House
298:Moscow
284:, and
241:Turin
157:Italy
105:Turin
545:2020
415:1953
375:1948
211:and
153:Rome
143:Died
120:Born
432:PCI
392:FDP
167:PCI
1070::
1028:/
1019:/
1015:/
1001:/
535:.
531:.
497:^
487:.
343:.
280:,
276:,
200:.
155:,
135:,
929:)
925:(
578:e
571:t
564:v
547:.
445:Y
405:Y
128:)
124:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
