1405:
2645:
1254:, Heidelberg: Winter by Max Vasmer 1950–1959 in three volumes, vol. 1, page 615. There is also an article written in Swedish which lists kunibu-cannabis as a Sumerian word. This article is "Sumerna och deras kultur " föredragvid finska vetenskapsocietens sammanträde den 13 December 1943 av (by) Knut Tallqvist in "Societas Scientarium Fennica Årsbok- Vousikirja 22nd band No: 3, Helsingfors 1944, page 22.
2631:
662:
lead me to suppose that the
Scythian word was of Semitic origin. These etymological discussions run parallel to arguments drawn from history. The Iranian Scythians were probably related to the Medes, who were neighbors of the Semites and could easily have assimilated the word for hemp. The Semites
865:
references to cannabis are rare and obscure. Syriac has qanpa (a loan from kannabis) and tanuma (see the
Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon.) but neither is found in the Peshitta, the Syriac Bible. Late Syriac Ahiqar texts include qanpa as "ropes of hemp" (tunbei de-qanpa). The Hebrew word qanbes, a
237:
People all across the middle latitudes of Europe and Asia – and that would include the early Indo-Europeans (IE's) – knew and were using hemp since 5000 B.C. So when IE groups started borrowing a new word four millennia later, it had to have been for a new use: drugs. The old northern varieties of
2430:
2387:
761:
in
Persian). They explain that in Hebrew, only the consonants form the basis of a word and the letters p and b are frequently interchangeable. The authors think it probable that 'pannag', mentioned in the Bible by the prophet Ezekiel (27:17), is in fact
806:
and the
Tabernacle (and thus God's Temple in Jerusalem). Notably, this anointing oil is a special herbal formula that functions as a kind of polish and fragrance for the Ark and Tabernacle, and the Bible forbids its manufacture and use to anoint people
221:, as I said, take some of this hemp-seed , and, creeping under the felt coverings, throw it upon the red-hot stones; immediately it smokes, and gives out such a vapour as no Grecian vapour-bath can exceed; the Scyths, delighted, shout for joy."
778:"aromatic"), probably refers to cannabis according to some etymologists, but is more commonly thought to be lemon grass, calamus, or even sweet cane, due to widespread translation issues. The Hebrew Bible mentions it in
2284:
2519:
2467:
2514:
730:, though the final -s does not seem to be present in Akkadian (Assyrian) or Sumerian forms. Leading authorities on the etymology of both the German and Russian languages list a Sumerian cognate.
1143:. Fs. für Johanna Narten zum 70. Geburtstag, ed. A. Hintze & E. Tichy. (Münchener Studien zur Sprachwissenschaft, Beihefte NF 19) Dettelbach: J.H. Roell 2000, 283–338, p. 6 of pdf (n. 11)
2462:
2595:
2221:
2206:
2274:
2497:
2397:
2448:
1954:
1924:
620:
2347:
2279:
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688:
The word 'gan-zi-gun-nu' is referenced from stone tablets (dating 700 BCE) that indicate a connection with eastern and near-eastern terms for the plant (
250:, along with its source, the THC-bearing hemp. And the early 1st-millennium B.C. is just when we begin to find evidence for pot-smoking in the new zone.
2502:
835:
2304:
2216:
2131:
2382:
2113:
1609:
1184:
1023:
990:
953:
175:" - in 1548 , and meaning - parts of the plant "smoked, chewed, or drunk for their intoxicating or hallucinogenic properties" - in 1848. The
2372:
2258:
2377:
2156:
2061:
2613:
2201:
2121:
1439:
960:
Cannabis is called kaneh bosem in Hebrew, which is now recognized as the
Scythian word that Herodotus wrote as kánnabis (or cannabis).
2253:
2191:
827:
2126:
1918:
1560:
831:
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2096:
1826:
823:
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779:
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734:
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hemp did not contain the narcotic THC; and the 2nd millennium was probably the first time that enough people were travelling
2352:
2034:
2019:
1949:
1939:
1785:
1775:
1520:
605:, "an enlarged version of this very word, local to Iran and perhaps northern India…spread with the drug-bearing variety."
1159:). 1936. Tracing one word through different languages. Institute of Anthropological Sciences, Warsaw. Reprinted 1967 In:
2442:
2186:
1987:
1944:
1842:
1725:
282:
1383:"Dealing With Drugs In European Drug Control", Dr. Tim Boekhout van Solinge (2004), Boom uitgevers Den Haag, p. 7
877:" in Hebrew was worn as a mark of the lowly. The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia also asserts the following:
1998:
1719:
1623:
1604:
1058:
1834:
1094:
Prehistoric
Textiles: The Development of Cloth in the Neolithic and Bronze Ages with Special Reference to the Aegean
2492:
1540:
1535:
923:
866:
loan word from kannabis, is used in the
Mishnah as hemp in the sense of a constituent of clothing or other items.
2402:
2136:
1959:
163:
38:
704:). This substance was used for witchcraft and prescribed as a useful remedy for a variety of ailments including
2608:
2472:
2407:
2332:
2211:
2014:
1599:
230:
2181:
982:
Seeking the Sacred with
Psychoactive Substances: Chemical Paths to Spirituality and to God [2 volumes]
1217:
Cannabis in
Medical Practice: A Legal, Historical and Pharmacological Overview, Mary Lynn Mathre (1997) p. 38
673:
was never widely accepted, and it is generally believed that the word was brought by
Iranian traders, either
2146:
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2009:
1860:
1042:
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259:
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563:
483:
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1907:
1668:
1663:
1635:
1614:
799:
331:
212:
100:
learned of the use of cannabis by observing Scythian funerals, during which cannabis was consumed. In
822:
as the name of a plant in four places whose context seems to mean "reed of balm" as a fragrant resin,
2674:
2362:
2171:
2004:
1850:
1812:
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1525:
1264:
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2151:
2066:
1977:
1894:
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1459:
1390:
1226:
1176:
Entheogens and the Development of Culture: The Anthropology and Neurobiology of Ecstatic Experience
803:
556:
538:
317:
601:
name spread across Asia with the hemp plant, which was used for fiber and food; then in the early
2081:
2029:
1819:
1505:
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403:
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67:
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135:
17:
2045:
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1658:
1163:. George Andrews and Simon Vinkenoog (eds.) Grove Press, New York, "pp. 15–18.
1156:
945:
Cannabis and Spirituality: An Explorer's Guide to an Ancient Plant Spirit Ally
894:, meaning "house of hair" were stretched over poles by ropes of goats hair or
870:
635:
985:. Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 80.
902:"The poorer classes probably wore wrappers made either of unbleached flax or
2091:
2076:
2071:
1992:
1683:
1673:
709:
590:
585:
Thus, Barber's well-researched hypothesis involves two stages: in the late
414:
218:
208:
180:
2630:
663:
could also have spread the word during their migrations through Asia Minor.
1307:, vol. I-IV. Reprinted 1967. Hildeshein: Georg Olms (source not confirmed)
2568:
2236:
2086:
1800:
1688:
1491:
1448:
1057:, 2009, 2nd ed., v. 4.0, Oxford University Press. This 1548 usage was in
791:
674:
602:
487:
51:
46:
30:
1795:
862:
255:
229:
Based upon the botany, archeology, and linguistic history of cannabis,
1790:
639:
850:
means "balm" or "aromatic" resin. Hebrew may have adapted the name
2176:
1751:
1552:
1548:
787:
783:
650:(קנה בושם). Benet, (also known as Sara Benetowa) is quoted saying:
507:
85:
1386:"Cannabis: A History", p. 27, Martin Booth (2005), Macmillan
1328:
1326:
1807:
1650:
1469:
243:
130:
2520:
List of American politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
1421:
582:) begins to turn up, for a source of oil, fiber and medicine."
470:, the earliest recorded term for the drug, which transcribed a
2515:
List of British politicians who have acknowledged cannabis use
1332:
Frock, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online,
1263:
Mechoulam, R., W. A. Devane, A. Breuer, and J. Zahalka. 1991.
1368:
Linen, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online,
642:, has indicated the origin to be the Hebrew word קַנַּבּוֹס (
78:
71:
1356:
Tent, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online,
1344:
Rope, The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Online,
246:(where it grew) and eastern Europe that they could spread a
1417:
29:
This article is about the Latin word. For the plant, see
2596:
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the cannabis industry
1292:
Culture in Context; Selected Writings of Weston Labarre
562:. Further corroboration comes from 1st millennium BCE
1370:
http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/L/linen.html
1334:
http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/F/frock.html
1015:
Substance Use Disorders: A Biopsychosocial Perspective
869:
Cannabis was a common material among the Hebrews. The
737:
suggest an alternative etymology for cannabis: Greek
1358:
http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/T/tent.html
1346:
http://www.internationalstandardbible.com/R/rope.html
1122:
1120:
2583:
2528:
2483:
2420:
2325:
2318:
2297:
2267:
2112:
2105:
1968:
1893:
1739:
1649:
1587:
1580:
1478:
882:"The usual material for ropes was certainly flax (
638:, of the Institute of Anthropological Sciences in
2383:1971 Vienna Convention on Psychotropic Substances
33:. For therapeutic preparations of the plant, see
811:) with the exception of the Aaronic priesthood (
654:The astonishing resemblance between the Semitic
128:). The Germanic word that gives rise to English
1244:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache
858:as a substitute for the ambiguous name "reed".
818:Elsewhere, the Hebrew Bible simply uses "reed"
669:Benet's earlier theory of a Semitic origin for
2468:Rescheduling per the Controlled Substances Act
2463:Legalization of non-medical cannabis in the US
1393:", SpiritLeaf (2013), SpiritLeafMinistries.org
1151:
1149:
109:
1433:
211:(c. 440 BCE) recorded the use of cannabis in
60:
8:
1925:Clinical endocannabinoid deficiency syndrome
1205:
838:. The Hebrew name "reed of balm" comes from
139:
123:
2348:Capital punishment for cannabis trafficking
1018:. Cambridge University Press. p. 441.
149:) may be an early Germanic loan (predating
90:
2322:
2109:
1584:
1440:
1426:
1418:
2388:1998 UN Convention on Illicit Trafficking
1030:Cannabis is a Scythian word (Benet 1975).
611:suggests an ultimate derivation of both *
2378:1961 Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs
1065:, "Cannabis is called in Englishe Hemp."
733:Raphael Mechoulam and co-workers at the
262:, and proposed an etymological root of *
934:
621:Bactria–Margiana Archaeological Complex
187:– proposed in 1728 and standardized in
1273:Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior
1012:Duncan, Perry M. (17 September 2020).
974:
972:
970:
968:
908:(the hempen, again, being the Simlah).
1465:Recreational and medical applications
358:) have borrowed the word from Baltic.
7:
1252:Russisches etymologisches Wörterbuch
1179:. North Atlantic Books. p. 67.
1096:. Princeton University Press. p. 36.
1092:Barber, Elizabeth Wayland. (1992).
1041:"cannabis". OED Online. July 2009.
258:words for "hemp" and "cannabis" in
124:
2614:Endocannabinoid reuptake inhibitor
2398:Legal history in the United States
948:. Simon and Schuster. p. 69.
114:). The word was adopted in to the
25:
979:Riegel, A.; Ellens, J.H. (2014).
942:Gray, Stephen (9 December 2016).
681:, both of whom had a presence in
439:form, but this loanword preceded
289:is evident in many IE subgroups:
2644:
2643:
2629:
2431:Rescheduling of cannabis in 2020
1919:Cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome
1403:
1231:Etymological Dictionary of Greek
890:That the cloth for tents called
2604:Cannabinoid receptor antagonist
846:) means a "reed" or "cane" and
486:have two words, represented by
171:meaning the plant "common hemp
167:records the earliest usages of
735:Hebrew University of Jerusalem
1:
2353:Effects of legalized cannabis
2305:Adult lifetime use by country
1521:Chemical defenses in Cannabis
1408:The dictionary definition of
770:, literally "aromatic reed" (
2443:German cannabis control bill
1955:Occupational health concerns
1726:The Emperor Wears No Clothes
842:(the noun construct form of
619:from the language(s) of the
179:traces the etymology to the
1720:Hemp Industries Association
1624:Religious and spiritual use
766:. The Biblical Hebrew term
2696:
2493:Cannabis political parties
924:List of names for cannabis
478:word. The Scythians spoke
110:
72:
28:
2624:
2403:Marihuana Tax Act of 1937
1960:Medical cannabis research
1455:
1303:Immanuel Löw. 1924–1934.
1250:, 1999, on page 354, and
1055:Oxford English Dictionary
225:Indo-European etymologies
164:Oxford English Dictionary
153:) from the same source.
54:word, which loaned into
39:Cannabis (disambiguation)
2609:Endocannabinoid enhancer
2473:Hemp Farming Act of 2018
2408:Timeline of cannabis law
2333:Bootleggers and Baptists
1600:Cannabis product testing
1391:Take My Yoke Upon You...
1265:A random walk through a
1246:, Kluge 23rd edition by
1206:Riegel & Ellens 2014
1137:"The Home of the Aryans"
665:Benet — in Book of Grass
519:languages, Barber cited
493:"a kind of hemp" (from *
443:. A reconstructed PIE *
231:Elizabeth Wayland Barber
197:– from an earlier Latin
104:, cannabis was known as
84:) and subsequently into
2010:List of cannabis hoaxes
1470:Industrial applications
1294:. Duke University Press
1043:Oxford University Press
441:Romano-Germanic culture
260:Indo-European languages
140:
79:
2553:Kyllo v. United States
2545:Leary v. United States
2358:Global Marijuana March
1935:Endocannabinoid system
1903:Amotivational syndrome
1708:List of hemp varieties
1486:Autoflowering cannabis
1233:, Brill, 2009, p. 636.
861:Unambiguous Hebrew or
786:to make a holy oil of
719:) from קְנֵה בֹּשֶׂם (
667:
564:Neo-Assyrian cuneiform
484:Indo-Iranian languages
252:
91:
61:
37:. For other uses, see
2310:Annual use by country
1913:Cannabis use disorder
1908:Cannabis in pregnancy
1669:List of hemp products
1664:List of hemp diseases
1615:Medical cannabis card
1126:Barber (1992), p. 38.
1114:Barber (1992), p. 37.
1105:Barber (1992), p. 36.
652:
566:texts, "where a word
505:"narcotic hemp" (cf.
235:
2363:Legality of cannabis
2005:Cannabis Social Club
1781:Cannabis concentrate
1316:Rabbi Kaplan. 1981.
854:from "reed of balm"
201:, coming from Greek
2591:Drug liberalization
2373:Regulatory agencies
1978:Cannabis by Country
1641:Marijuana Anonymous
1460:Outline of cannabis
1173:Rush, J.A. (2013).
1063:The names of herbes
804:Ark of the Covenant
782:where God commands
715:Hebrew קַנַּבּוֹס (
627:Semitic etymologies
435:would come from a *
283:Proto-Indo-European
281:). A reconstructed
2082:Operation Overgrow
1831:Quasi-psychedelic
1821:Marihuana prensada
1572:Synthetic cannabis
1155:Benetowa, Sara = (
836:Song of Songs 4:14
723:) may derive from
404:Germanic languages
145:, Common Germanic
2657:
2656:
2579:
2578:
2561:Gonzales v. Raich
2537:Ker v. California
2449:Return to class B
2437:2018 Cannabis Act
2293:
2292:
2077:KBUD-AM (defunct)
1950:Long-term effects
1827:Phytocannabinoids
1735:
1734:
1186:978-1-58394-600-8
1161:The Book of Grass
1135:Witzel, Michael.
1025:978-0-521-87777-0
992:979-8-216-14310-9
955:978-1-62055-584-2
658:and the Scythian
194:Species Plantarum
16:(Redirected from
2687:
2647:
2646:
2634:
2633:
2323:
2110:
1999:Cannabis Culture
1940:Impaired driving
1930:Entourage effect
1764:Cannabis smoking
1714:Hemp for Victory
1595:Medical cannabis
1585:
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1419:
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1318:The Living Torah
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962:
939:
919:Marijuana (word)
757:in Sanskrit and
480:Iranian dialects
368:Slavic languages
342:Finnic languages
314:Baltic languages
254:Barber analyzed
143:
127:
126:
113:
112:
94:
82:
75:
74:
64:
35:Medical cannabis
21:
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2368:Internationally
2338:Cannabis rights
2314:
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2114:Cannabis rights
2101:
1964:
1945:Time perception
1889:
1747:Cannabis edible
1731:
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1378:Further reading
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1227:R. S. P. Beekes
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915:
809:Exodus 30:31–33
664:
634:anthropologist
629:
227:
183:botanical term
173:Cannabis sativa
159:
44:The plant name
42:
23:
22:
18:Cannabis (word)
15:
12:
11:
5:
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2503:of Minnesota
2429:Treaty law:
2394:In the U.S.
2298:Demographics
2162:Dagga Couple
2044:
2020:Competitions
1997:
1843:
1835:
1820:
1757:Cannabis tea
1724:
1712:
1636:Drug testing
1544:
1511:
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1320:, pp. 40–41.
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1190:. Retrieved
1175:
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1141:Anusantatyai
1140:
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996:. Retrieved
981:
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839:
824:Isaiah 43:24
819:
817:
813:Exodus 30:30
795:
780:Exodus 30:23
775:
771:
767:
763:
758:
754:
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749:< Hebrew
746:
745:< Syriac
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741:< Arabic
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587:Palaeolithic
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541:
534:
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511:). From the
506:
502:
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467:
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456:Vulgar Latin
451:
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332:Old Prussian
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157:Word history
146:
138:
129:
125:קָנֶה בֹּשׂם
119:
105:
89:
77:
66:, then into
59:
45:
43:
26:
2675:Etymologies
2600:Substances
2529:Legal cases
2486:and parties
2484:Politicians
2421:Major legal
2097:Video games
2062:Restaurants
2039:Stoner film
1531:Cultivation
1526:Consumption
1242:These are:
1075:Herodotus.
856:qěnēh bośem
796:qěnēh bośem
768:qěnēh bośem
721:qěnēh bośem
539:Old Turkish
501:forms) and
433:Grimm's Law
431:, which by
408:Old English
233:concluded,
151:Grimm's law
136:Old English
120:qaneh bosem
2664:Categories
2046:High Times
1776:Vaporizing
1659:Hanfparade
1192:2024-06-18
1157:Sula Benet
998:2024-06-03
930:References
892:bait sha`r
706:depression
648:kaneh bosm
636:Sula Benet
589:and early
557:Karakalpak
460:can(n)abum
318:Lithuanian
191:'s (1753)
111:𐎯𐎫𐎠𐎭𐏂
2498:of the US
2453:Uruguay:
2441:Germany:
2343:Activists
2192:GLM India
2092:Stoner TV
2072:Head shop
2030:Etiquette
2025:Cookbooks
1993:Budtender
1674:hempcrete
1610:In the US
1557:marijuana
1506:ruderalis
1078:Histories
852:qannabbôs
717:qannabbôs
710:impotence
683:Palestine
644:qannabbôs
591:Neolithic
415:Old Norse
402:Words in
386:Bulgarian
264:kan(n)aB-
219:Scythians
209:Herodotus
181:Neo-Latin
147:*hanapi-z
2670:Cannabis
2649:Category
2637:Cannabis
2569:ADPF 187
2508:of Spain
2435:Canada:
2319:Politics
2087:Smoke-in
2057:Religion
1813:Tincture
1801:Hash oil
1740:Variants
1545:cannabis
1536:Glossary
1492:Cannabis
1449:Cannabis
1411:cannabis
1290:. 1980.
1267:Cannabis
913:See also
792:cinnamon
774:"reed",
764:Cannabis
747:qunnappa
739:cannabis
725:Sumerian
679:Assyrian
675:Scythian
671:cannabis
660:cannabis
603:Iron Age
530:"hemp",
488:Sanskrit
476:Thracian
472:Scythian
468:kannabis
452:cannabis
425:der Hanf
382:konoplja
379:Croatian
375:konopljá
364:(cânepă)
362:Romanian
353:Estonian
304:Armenian
294:Albanian
266:(where *
242:between
203:kánnabis
199:cannabis
185:cannabis
169:cannabis
102:Akkadian
92:cannabis
80:kánnabis
73:κάνναβις
52:Scythian
47:cannabis
31:Cannabis
2584:Related
2423:reforms
2326:General
2268:Science
2015:Columns
1970:Culture
1895:Effects
1846:-10-THC
1796:Hashish
1679:jewelry
1629:Chalice
1605:History
1588:General
1567:Strains
1479:General
1045:. 2009.
863:Aramaic
632:Semitic
572:qunnapu
553:kenevir
546:Turkish
532:Chuvash
372:Russian
349:kaneppi
346:Ingrian
335:knapios
325:Latvian
285:(PIE) *
256:cognate
217:. "The
56:Persian
2639:portal
2572:(2011)
2564:(2005)
2556:(2001)
2548:(1969)
2540:(1963)
2285:ICEERS
2227:France
2067:Sports
1867:Other
1838:-8-THC
1791:Charas
1513:sativa
1499:indica
1183:
1022:
989:
952:
875:Simlah
871:hempen
800:cassia
776:bośem-
772:qěnēh-
755:bhanga
751:pannag
743:kunnab
728:kunibu
698:gun-nu
690:gan-zi
656:kanbos
640:Warsaw
576:qunubu
568:qunabu
555:, and
549:kendir
542:käntir
535:kantär
517:Turkic
513:Uralic
503:bhanga
482:, and
464:canaba
437:kanab-
429:hanap-
422:German
420:, and
396:konopí
391:, and
330:, and
328:kaņepe
321:kanãpė
116:Hebrew
106:qunubu
96:. The
2244:SAFER
2222:NORML
2182:FAAAT
2177:ENCOD
2152:CLEAR
2052:Music
2035:Films
1988:Books
1921:(CHS)
1915:(CUD)
1844:delta
1836:delta
1769:Joint
1752:Bhang
1694:paper
1581:Usage
1561:slang
1553:ganja
1549:dagga
1541:Names
1269:field
848:bośem
844:qāneh
840:qěnēh
820:qānēh
788:myrrh
784:Moses
702:qaneh
700:>
694:ganja
692:>
617:bhang
615:and *
593:, a *
580:qunbu
560:kenep
508:bhang
499:kene-
495:kana-
491:śaṇa-
449:Latin
418:hampr
411:hænep
393:Czech
389:konop
356:kanep
340:Some
308:kanap
298:kanëp
248:habit
141:hænep
86:Latin
68:Greek
62:kanab
50:is a
2459:US:
2447:UK:
2280:ICRS
2275:IACM
2259:VMCA
2254:SSDP
2217:NCIA
2207:MAPS
2202:LEAP
2167:DFCR
2132:AMMA
2127:ALCP
1881:CBDP
1876:CBDH
1861:THCP
1856:THCH
1808:Kief
1684:milk
1651:Hemp
1181:ISBN
1083:4.75
1020:ISBN
987:ISBN
950:ISBN
904:hemp
896:hemp
884:hemp
834:and
798:and
759:bang
708:and
613:kana
599:kan-
597:or *
595:ken-
551:and
528:kine
524:kene
521:Mari
515:and
497:or *
351:and
274:or *
244:Iran
161:The
131:hemp
2249:SCC
2212:MPP
2197:GMM
2187:FCA
2172:DPA
2157:CRC
2147:CBN
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