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1259:(USDA), "canned foods are safe indefinitely as long as they are not exposed to freezing temperatures, or temperatures above 90 °F (32.2 °C)". If the cans look okay, they are safe to use. Discard cans that are dented, rusted, or swollen. High-acid canned foods (tomatoes, fruits) will keep their best quality for 12 to 18 months; low-acid canned foods (meats, vegetables) for 2 to 5 years.
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217:, a French confectioner and brewer, observed that food cooked inside a jar did not spoil unless the seals leaked, and developed a method of sealing food in glass jars. Appert was awarded the prize in 1810 by Count Montelivert, a French minister of the interior. The reason for lack of spoilage was unknown at the time, since it would be another 50 years before
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878:(SPC) software in conjunction with a manual double-seam monitor, computerized double seam scanner, or even a fully automatic double seam inspection system makes the laborious process of double seam inspection faster and much more accurate. Statistically tracking the performance of each head or seaming station of the
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Probably the most important innovation since the introduction of double seams is the welded side seam. Prior to the welded side seam, the can body was folded and/or soldered together, leaving a relatively thick side seam. The thick side seam required that the side seam end juncture at the end curl to
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To prevent the food from being spoiled before and during containment, a number of methods are used: pasteurisation, boiling (and other applications of high temperature over a period of time), refrigeration, freezing, drying, vacuum treatment, antimicrobial agents that are natural to the recipe of the
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Increasing mechanization of the canning process, coupled with a huge increase in urban populations across Europe, resulted in a rising demand for canned food. A number of inventions and improvements followed, and by the 1860s smaller machine-made steel cans were possible, and the time to cook food in
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In the beginning of the 19th century the process of canning foods was mainly done by small canneries. These canneries were full of overlooked sanitation problems, such as poor hygiene and unsanitary work environments. Since the refrigerator did not exist and industrial canning standards were not set
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illness, leading to paralysis that typically starts with the muscles of the face and then spreads towards the limbs. The botulinum toxin is extremely dangerous because it cannot be detected by sight or smell, and ingestion of even a small amount of the toxin can be deadly. In severe forms, it leads
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as the same corresponding fresh or frozen foods, and in some cases the canned products are richer than their fresh or frozen counterparts. The heating process during canning appears to make dietary fiber more soluble, and therefore more readily fermented in the colon into gases and physiologically
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The seaming head then engages the second operation roller against the partly formed seam. The second operation presses all five steel components together tightly to form the final seal. The five layers in the final seam are then called; a) End, b) Body Hook, c) Cover Hook, d) Body, e) Countersink.
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The body and end are brought together in a seamer and held in place by the base plate and chuck, respectively. The base plate provides a sure footing for the can body during the seaming operation and the chuck fits snugly into the end (lid). The result is the countersink of the end sits inside the
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that is an ingredient in the epoxy commonly used to coat the inner surface of cans. Some cans are manufactured with a BPA-free enamel lining produced from plant oils and resins. In
February 2018, the Can Manufacturers Institute, a trade association in the United States, surveyed the industry and
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Double seaming uses rollers to shape the can, lid and the final double seam. To make a sanitary can and lid suitable for double seaming, manufacture begins with a sheet of coated tin plate. To create the can body, rectangles are cut and curled around a die, and welded together creating a cylinder
264:. Bryan Donkin developed the process of packaging food in sealed airtight cans, made of tinned wrought iron. Initially, the canning process was slow and labour-intensive, as each large can had to be hand-made, and took up to six hours to cook, making canned food too expensive for ordinary people.
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Once brought together in the seamer, the seaming head presses a first operation roller against the end curl. The end curl is pressed against the flange curling it in toward the body and under the flange. The flange is also bent downward, and the end and body are now loosely joined. The first
419:, introduced increasing numbers of working-class men to canned food, and allowed canning companies to expand their businesses to meet military demands for non-perishable food, enabling companies to manufacture in bulk and sell to wider civilian markets after wars ended. Urban populations in
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Rollers are then used to flare out one or both ends of the cylinder to create a quarter circle flange around the circumference. Precision is required to ensure that the welded sides are perfectly aligned, as any misalignment will cause inconsistent flange shape, compromising its integrity.
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to a can. This airtight nature is crucial to keeping micro-organisms out of the can and keeping the can's contents sealed inside. Thus, double seamed cans are also known as
Sanitary Cans. Developed in 1900 in Europe, this sort of can was made of the traditional cylindrical body made with
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Many different parts during the seaming process are critical in ensuring that a can is airtight and vacuum sealed. The dangers of a can that is not hermetically sealed are contamination by foreign objects (bacteria or fungicide sprays), or that the can could leak or spoil.
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All sanitary cans require a filling medium within the seam because otherwise the metal-to-metal contact will not maintain a hermetic seal. In most cases, a rubberized compound is placed inside the end curl radius, forming the critical seal between the end and the body.
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by Shana Klein, "Workers also suffered injuries, specifically bruised knuckles and open sores, from trimming and packaging pineapples. Gloves were one preventative measure to protect a canner's hands from the acidity of the pineapple, but gloves did not always help."
871:), mechanical tests (external thickness, seamer length/height and countersink) as well as cutting the seam open with a twin blade saw and measuring with a double seam inspection system. The combination of these measurements will determine the seam's quality.
478:, but by 1916, widespread dissatisfaction and increasing complaints about the poor quality canned food among soldiers resulted in militaries seeking better-quality food to improve morale, and complete meals-in-a-can began to appear. In 1917, the
353:. However, studies in 2013 and 2016 suggested that lead poisoning was likely not a factor, and that the crew's ill health may, in fact, have been due to malnutrition—specifically zinc deficiency—possibly due to a lack of meat in their diet.
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One important part is the seamer setup. This process is usually performed by an experienced technician. among the parts that need setup are seamer rolls and chucks which have to be set in their exact position (using a feeler gauge or a
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effect, a seam can appear loose, when in reality it was closed too tight and has opened up like a spring. For this reason, experienced operators and good seamer setup are critical to ensure that double seams are properly closed.
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city-dwellers. The late 19th century saw the range of canned food available to urban populations greatly increase, as canners competed with each other using novel foodstuffs, highly decorated printed labels, and lower prices.
1101:, a term used by retail analysts to describe the phenomenon in which people choose to stay at home instead of adding expenditures to their budget by dining out and socializing outside the home.. Also, some people may become
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The Grande Armée began experimenting with issuing canned foods to its soldiers, but the slow process of canning and the even slower development and transport stages prevented the army from shipping large amounts across the
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A circle is then cut from the sheet using a die cutter. The circle is shaped in a stamping press to create a downward countersink to fit snugly into the can body. The result can be compared to an upside down and very flat
739:) were attached using what is now called a double seam. A can thus sealed is impervious to contamination by creating two tight continuous folds between the can's cylindrical body and the lids. This eliminated the need for
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prefers low oxygen environments and is a poor competitor to other bacteria, but its spores are resistant to thermal treatments. When a canned food is sterilized insufficiently, most other bacteria besides the
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foods being preserved, a sufficient dose of ionizing radiation, submersion in a strong saline solution, acid, base, osmotically extreme (for example very sugary) or other microbially-challenging environments.
213:. The larger armies of the period required increased and regular supplies of quality food. Limited food availability was among the factors limiting military campaigns to the summer and autumn months. In 1809,
1006:(sodium chloride), dissolved in water, is used in the canning process. As a result, canned food can be a major source of dietary salt. Too much salt increases the risk of health problems, including
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spores have been allowed to germinate and produce botulism toxin, and this typically occurs in canned non-acidic food substances that have not received a strong enough thermal heat treatment.
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vegetables, or other foods to which acidic additives have been added. Although an ordinary boiling temperature does not kill botulism spores, the acidity is enough to stop them from growing.
205:, the French government offered a hefty cash award of 12,000 francs to any inventor who could devise a cheap and effective method of preserving large amounts of food to create well-preserved
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252:, who came to London and used British merchant Peter Durand as an agent to patent his own idea in 1810. Durand did not pursue food canning himself, selling his patent in 1811 to
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Rinsing thoroughly after opening may reduce the amount of salt in canned vegetables, since much of the salt content is thought to be in the liquid, rather than the food itself.
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allows for better prediction of can seamer issues, and may be used to plan maintenance when convenient, rather than to simply react after bad or unsafe cans have been produced.
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Some communities in the US have county canning centers which are available for teaching canning, or shared community kitchens which can be rented for canning one's own foods.
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Canneries, Canning
Centers, Community Kitchens, Commercial Kitchens for Rent, Local Canning Resources and Food Business Incubators – Commercial Canning for Your Home Produce
112:. Although appearance, smell, and vitamin content had deteriorated, there was no trace of microbial growth and the 109-year-old food was determined to be still safe to eat.
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The original fragile and heavy glass containers presented challenges for transportation, and glass jars were largely replaced in commercial canneries with cylindrical
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in 1857. One of these cans was opened in 1939 and was edible and nutritious, though it was not analysed for contamination by the lead solder used in its manufacture.
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demanded ever-increasing quantities of cheap, varied, quality food that they could keep at home without having to go shopping daily. In response, companies such as
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that typically ranges from one to five years, although under specific circumstances, it can be much longer. A freeze-dried canned product, such as canned dried
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Quality control usually involves taking full cans from the line – one per seamer head, at least once or twice per shift, and performing a teardown operation (
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651:, no method is perfectly dependable as a preservative. Sterilization is done after the can is sealed, so that both the container and the food are secured.
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1010:. Therefore, health authorities have recommended limitations of dietary sodium. Many canned products are available in low-salt and no-salt alternatives.
2064:"I Used to Make Fun of Silicon Valley Preppers. Then I Became One - In tech circles, gearing up for the apocalypse was a cliché. Now it's a credential"
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910:. The idea is to make food available and edible long after the processing time. A 1997 study found that canned fruits and vegetables are as rich with
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Canned goods and canning supplies sell particularly well in times of recession due to the tendency of financially stressed individuals to engage in
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more than 4.6) need sterilization under high temperature (116–130 °C). To achieve temperatures above the boiling point requires the use of a
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conditions, and not spoil in transport. Throughout the war, British soldiers generally subsisted on low-quality canned food, such as the
British
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Following the end of the
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is the movement of substances from the can itself into the contents. Potential toxic substances that can migrate are lead, causing
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for sealing the cans. Studies in the 1980s attributed the lead from the cans as a factor in the disastrous outcome of the 1845
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content. Consequently, canned meat and vegetables are often among the list of food items that are stocked during emergencies.
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operation roller is then retracted. At this point five thicknesses of steel exist in the seam. From the outside in they are:
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have more metal to curl around before closing in behind the Body Hook or flange, with a greater opportunity for error.
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A brief account of Bryan Donkin FRS and the company he founded 150 years ago. Bryan Donkin
Company, Chesterfield, 1953
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848:). The lifter pressure and position, roll and chuck designs, tooling wear, and bearing wear all contribute to a good
1836:. Australian Government National Health and Medical Research Council/ New Zealand Ministry of Health. Archived from
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Canned food also began to spread beyond Europe—Robert Ayars established the first
American canning factory in
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In
February 2009 during a recession, the United States saw an 11.5% rise in sales of canning-related items.
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spores are killed, and the spores can germinate and produce botulism toxin. Botulism is a rare but serious
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The result is a steel tube with a flanged edge, and a countersunk steel disc with a curled edge. A
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in 1845. Some of his stores were found by the search expedition led by
Captain (later Admiral Sir)
275:. By 1817, Donkin recorded that he had sold ÂŁ3000 worth of canned meat in six months. In 1824, Sir
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44:"Thermal processing" redirects here. For the thermochemical decomposition of organic material, see
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The fruits of empire : art, food, and the politics of race in the age of
American expansion
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products. The only foods that may be safely canned in an ordinary boiling water bath are highly
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top of the can body just below the flange. The end curl protrudes slightly beyond the flange.
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Rickman (2007). "Nutritional comparison of fresh, frozen, and canned fruits and vegetables".
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were not invented for another thirty years. At first, soldiers would cut the cans open with
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in place it was very common for contaminated cans to slip onto the grocery store shelves.
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The Fruits of Empire: Art, Food and the Politics of Race in the Age of American Expansion
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Petrick, G. (2008). Feeding the masses: H.J. Heinz and the creation of industrial food.
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Quality Assurance for the Food Industry: A Practical Approach by J. Andres Vasconcellos
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would also be interested in stockpiling canned food upon learning about a recession.
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607:(1810). Cans are cheaper and quicker to make, and much less fragile than glass jars.
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to feed their millions of soldiers, which could be transported safely, survive
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Canned: The Rise and Fall of Consumer Confidence in the American Food Industry
1860:"Dietary Guidelines focus on sodium intake, sugary drinks, dairy alternatives"
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officials are usually involved to prevent further cases from the same source.
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286:, during his search for a northwestern passage to India. In 1829, Admiral Sir
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Thermally processed low acid foods packaged in hermetically sealed containers
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or wrought-iron canisters (later shortened to "cans") following the work of
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1707:"Can-Don't: Cooking Canned Foods in Their Own Containers Comes with Risks"
108:, a steamboat that sank in the Missouri River in 1865, were tested by the
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This article is about a method of food preservation. For other uses, see
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156: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
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1485:"Researchers acquit the tins in mysterious failed Franklin expedition"
357:
sealed cans had been reduced from around six hours to thirty minutes.
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took canned beef and pea soup with him on his voyage to the Arctic in
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Glass jars have remained popular for some high-value products and in
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in 1812, using improved tin-plated wrought-iron cans for preserving
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1830:"Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand – Sodium"
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reported that at least 90% of food cans no longer contained BPA.
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demonstrated the role of microbes in food spoilage and developed
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1451:"Fingernail absolves lead poisoning in death of Arctic explorer"
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and allowed improvements in manufacturing speed, reducing cost.
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in which food is processed and sealed in an airtight container (
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Incorrect setups can be non-intuitive. For example, due to the
455:, as military commanders sought vast quantities of cheap, high-
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From Ingrid Koo, PhD, for About.com. Updated: 16 December 2008
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1803:. American Heart Association. 23 January 2009. Archived from
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1328:"The Canning Process; Old Preservation Technique Goes Modern"
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1302:"Arctic Explorers Uncover (and Eat) 60-Year-Old Food Stash"
919:
active byproducts. Canned tomatoes have a higher available
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Nutrient Reference Values for Australia and New Zealand
1678:
Polypropylene: The Definitive User's Guide and Databook
999:, boasting a 25% (one quarter) sodium content reduction
233:, and the wars ended before the process was perfected.
438:, and others provided quality canned food for sale to
102:
In 1974, samples of canned food from the wreck of the
2092:"What Sells in a Recession: Canned Goods and Condoms"
1896:. UK Government Food Standards Agency. Archived from
945:
Hawaiian women working at a pineapple cannery in 1928
260:, who were in business as Donkin Hall and Gamble, of
99:, could last as long as 30 years in an edible state.
1794:"American Heart Association 2010 Dietary Guidelines"
244:
Based on Appert's methods of food preservation, the
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Industrial canning machines used for mass-producing
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Food Processing Technology: Principles and Practice
1739:"Most food cans no longer use BPA in their linings"
267:The main market for the food at this stage was the
1531:Archaeological laboratory methods: an introduction
906:Canning is a way of processing food to extend its
676:. Foods that must be pressure canned include most
338:. Early methods of manufacture employed poisonous
326:During the mid-19th century, canned food became a
314:, one of the first large canned food factories in
1143:method of canning.
1051:to paralysis of the breathing muscles and causes
617:or smash them open with rocks. Today, tin-coated
290:also took canned food to the Arctic, as did Sir
2481:Modified atmosphere/modified humidity packaging
1590:. earthquake-survival-kits.org. Archived from
1562:Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture
1031:results from contaminated foodstuffs in which
37:"Cannery" redirects here. For the casino, see
2429:
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1950:"How to Remove Sodium From Canned Vegetables"
248:process was allegedly developed by Frenchman
8:
1384:"The story of how the tin can nearly wasn't"
1149:, most commonly associated with canned food
3615:Hazard analysis and critical control points
1778:. American Heart Association. 24 May 2010.
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2191:National Center for Home Food Preservation
1660:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
451:Demand for canned food skyrocketed during
3525:Automatic identification and data capture
2016:
1977:Botox and Botulism? Beauty and the Beast?
1737:McTigue Pierce, Lisa (20 February 2018).
576:Learn how and when to remove this message
172:Learn how and when to remove this message
1994:
1992:
1588:"Food Supplies To Stock For Emergencies"
1105:and proceed to stockpile canned food. A
587:
1920:"Health Canada, Healthy Living, Sodium"
1421:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
1272:
1257:United States Department of Agriculture
1248:
1972:
1970:
1866:. Decision News Media. 27 April 2010.
1653:
1926:. Health Canada. 2008. Archived from
1782:from the original on 8 February 2010.
1695:from the original on 4 December 2017.
1675:Clive Maier; Theresa Calafut (2008).
1370:Applied Nutrition and Food Technology
7:
2927:Flexible intermediate bulk container
1717:from the original on 17 October 2017
722:Invented in 1888 by Max Ams, modern
621:is the material most commonly used.
558:adding citations to reliable sources
154:adding citations to reliable sources
110:National Food Processors Association
2150:Potter, N. N. and Hotchkiss, J. H.
1506:. Extension.umn.edu. Archived from
1326:Blumenthal, Dale (September 1990).
3911:Vertical form fill sealing machine
2169:. University of California Press.
1776:"Sodium (Salt or Sodium Chloride)"
1502:William Schafer (9 January 2009).
1432:"Canned Food Sealed Icemen's Fate"
835:Seamer setup and quality assurance
700:ones with a pH below 4.6, such as
25:
3881:Rotary wheel blow molding systems
2729:Purdue Improved Crop Storage bags
2161:(2nd Edition). Woodhead Pub. 1999
1541:, Kendall/Hunt Pub., 1996, p. 172
1081:Canned meat on the shelves of an
894:1970's canned food exposition in
766:compound is put inside the curl.
334:, being something of a frivolous
330:among middle-class households in
4025:
4024:
3851:Mechanical brake stretch wrapper
2397:
2396:
2385:
2062:Bowles, Nellie (24 April 2020).
1394:from the original on 6 June 2013
1382:Geoghegan, Tom (21 April 2013).
654:The spores of the microorganism
534:
130:
3585:Electronic article surveillance
3439:Shock and vibration data logger
3284:Linear low-density polyethylene
2090:Gregory, Sean (11 March 2009).
1870:from the original on 6 May 2010
545:needs additional citations for
141:needs additional citations for
3690:Radio-frequency identification
2041:"Home-Canned Foods | Botulism"
1372:, Jesse D. Dagoon, 1989; p. 2.
1067:Canning and economic recession
1:
3801:Extended core stretch wrapper
2754:Single-serve coffee container
378:
2957:Insulated shipping container
2195:Boston Public Library, USA.
2165:Zeide, Anna (6 March 2018).
2005:Clinical Infectious Diseases
3846:Material-handling equipment
3730:Verification and validation
2962:Intermediate bulk container
2744:Self-heating food packaging
2403:Category: Food preservation
2143:FDA 21 CFR 113.3
962:Migration of can components
876:statistical process control
628:are also used for canning.
4096:
3489:Time temperature indicator
2197:Canned food advertisements
1122:
1070:
1023:Botulism § Prevention
1020:
930:
773:
715:
349:to chart and navigate the
119:
50:
43:
36:
29:
4022:
3944:Environmental engineering
3906:Turntable stretch wrapper
3836:Lineshaft roller conveyor
3826:Injection molding machine
2764:Toothpaste pump dispenser
2624:Disposable food packaging
2466:Child-resistant packaging
2380:
2240:
1463:10.1038/nature.2016.21128
1449:Witze, Alexandra (2016).
506:experimented with canned
369:A cannery worker filling
27:Method of preserving food
3831:Label printer applicator
3700:Shearing (manufacturing)
3299:Low-density polyethylene
2719:Pharmaceutical packaging
2689:Low plastic water bottle
2579:Alternative wine closure
2154:(5th ed). Springer, 1999
1999:Sobel J (October 2005).
1982:28 February 2010 at the
896:Museo del Mar de Galicia
51:Not to be confused with
39:Cannery Casino and Hotel
32:Canning (disambiguation)
4065:Food storage containers
4050:19th-century inventions
3861:Orbital stretch wrapper
3484:Temperature data logger
3404:Pressure-sensitive tape
3264:Humidity indicator card
2792:Aerosol spray dispenser
1801:2010 Dietary Guidelines
1632:. Oakland, California.
1537:4 December 2017 at the
1504:"Home Canning Tomatoes"
1357:7 February 2009 at the
1237:non-profit organisation
966:In canning toxicology,
592:Modern glass jars from
474:, canned sausages, and
116:History and development
3580:Die forming (plastics)
3289:Liquid packaging board
2992:Multilayered packaging
2724:Plastic milk container
2704:Optical disc packaging
1864:Food Navigator-usa.com
1094:
1000:
946:
933:Packaging and labeling
903:
788:
596:
384:
375:Long Beach, California
323:
312:Berthold-Weiss Factory
198:
193:A canning jar used by
91:). Canning provides a
69:
4009:Sustainable packaging
3959:Life-cycle assessment
3939:Closed-loop box reuse
3886:Seed-counting machine
3219:Corrugated fiberboard
3169:Biodegradable plastic
2892:Corrugated box design
2546:Sustainable packaging
2536:Shelf-ready packaging
2511:Packaging engineering
2126:18 April 2015 at the
1761:4 August 2015 at the
1626:Klein, Shana (2020).
1281:"Food_Product_Dating"
1080:
1071:Further information:
1021:Further information:
994:
944:
893:
783:
712:Sealing: double seams
657:Clostridium botulinum
623:Aseptically processed
591:
482:began issuing canned
368:
309:
240:In the United Kingdom
192:
63:
4075:Industrial processes
3979:PET bottle recycling
3841:Logistics automation
3369:Plastic-coated paper
2516:Resealable packaging
1840:on 29 September 2009
1765:, BusinessDictionary
1681:. Elsevier Science.
995:Contemporary can of
726:provide an airtight
554:improve this article
361:In the United States
277:William Edward Parry
150:improve this article
4031:Category: Packaging
3866:Packaging machinery
3675:Product development
3474:Tamper-evident band
3314:Modified atmosphere
2654:Foam food container
2315:Modified atmosphere
2043:. CDC. 14 July 2017
1756:Definition of brine
1727:Accessed 2017-10-17
1711:Scientific American
1338:on 9 February 2019.
1192:List of dried foods
1125:Canner (occupation)
1057:medical emergencies
1053:respiratory failure
1008:high blood pressure
980:endocrine disruptor
978:(BPA), a potential
512:spaghetti bolognese
417:Franco-Prussian War
347:Franklin expedition
201:Shortly before the
3994:Reusable packaging
3954:Industrial ecology
3715:Ultrasonic welding
3680:Production control
3630:Injection moulding
3515:Aseptic processing
3224:Corrugated plastic
3094:Steel and tin cans
3064:Shipping container
3002:Packet (container)
2739:Seasonal packaging
2639:Evidence packaging
2619:Currency packaging
2614:Cosmetic packaging
2521:Reusable packaging
2147:Revision Apr. 2006
2069:The New York Times
1810:on 24 January 2011
1594:on 4 November 2012
1204:Thermal death time
1147:Steel and tin cans
1095:
1001:
947:
904:
898:(Museum of Sea in
789:
747:with a side seam.
597:
413:American Civil War
385:
324:
296:Leopold McClintock
250:Philippe de Girard
199:
197:'s canning factory
89:steel and tin cans
70:
4080:French inventions
4037:
4036:
3999:Reverse logistics
3984:Plastic recycling
3856:Multihead weigher
3776:Cartoning machine
3771:Cap torque tester
3685:Quality assurance
3660:Plastic extrusion
3625:Induction sealing
3595:Extrusion coating
3454:Staple (fastener)
3424:Security printing
3259:Hot-melt adhesive
2832:Biodegradable bag
2674:Glass milk bottle
2556:Tamper resistance
2496:Package pilferage
2471:Contract packager
2411:
2410:
2290:Hurdle technology
2250:Burying in ground
2234:Food preservation
2130:, Pickyourown.org
1900:on 7 October 2010
1894:Eat Well, Be Well
1890:"Sodium Chloride"
1688:978-0-08-095041-9
1639:978-0-520-29639-8
1574:10.1002/jsfa.2824
1255:According to the
1223:List of canneries
1182:Food preservation
927:Potential hazards
886:Nutritional value
639:Microbial control
586:
585:
578:
496:french onion soup
476:Maconochie's stew
377:, United States,
351:Northwest Passage
182:
181:
174:
77:food preservation
16:(Redirected from
4087:
4028:
4027:
4014:Waste management
4004:Source reduction
3821:Industrial robot
3725:Vacuum packaging
3650:Package tracking
3605:Glass production
3565:Corona treatment
3555:Containerization
3419:Screw cap (wine)
3334:Oxygen scavenger
2797:Aluminium bottle
2749:Screw cap (wine)
2694:Luxury packaging
2526:Reuse of bottles
2491:Package delivery
2476:Edible packaging
2461:Active packaging
2438:
2431:
2424:
2415:
2400:
2399:
2390:
2389:
2227:
2220:
2213:
2204:
2180:
2131:
2118:
2112:
2111:
2109:
2107:
2102:on 16 April 2010
2098:. Archived from
2087:
2081:
2080:
2078:
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2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2037:
2031:
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1996:
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1815:
1809:
1798:
1790:
1784:
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1772:
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1753:
1747:
1746:
1743:Packaging Digest
1734:
1728:
1726:
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1722:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1672:
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1659:
1651:
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1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1599:
1584:
1578:
1577:
1568:(7): 1185–1196.
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1528:Mark Q. Sutton,
1526:
1520:
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1517:
1515:
1499:
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1403:
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1399:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1350:
1346:
1340:
1339:
1334:. Archived from
1323:
1317:
1316:
1314:
1312:
1298:
1292:
1291:
1289:
1287:
1277:
1260:
1253:
1139:, inventor of a
822:Second operation
735:. The two ends (
581:
574:
570:
567:
561:
538:
530:
492:beef bourguignon
383:
380:
207:military rations
177:
170:
166:
163:
157:
134:
126:
21:
4095:
4094:
4090:
4089:
4088:
4086:
4085:
4084:
4040:
4039:
4038:
4033:
4018:
3974:Paper recycling
3969:Packaging waste
3949:Glass recycling
3921:
3915:
3871:Pallet inverter
3791:Conveyor system
3746:Barcode printer
3734:
3710:Track and trace
3665:Plastic welding
3600:Flame treatment
3570:Curtain coating
3503:
3324:Nonwoven fabric
3309:Metallised film
3214:Container glass
3141:
3139:
3133:
3109:Tub (container)
3007:Padded envelope
2778:
2604:Case-ready meat
2571:
2565:
2501:Package testing
2453:
2447:
2442:
2412:
2407:
2392:Food portal
2384:
2376:
2245:Biopreservation
2236:
2231:
2199:, various dates
2187:
2177:
2164:
2157:Fellows, P. J.
2140:
2138:Further reading
2135:
2134:
2128:Wayback Machine
2119:
2115:
2105:
2103:
2089:
2088:
2084:
2074:
2072:
2061:
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
1998:
1997:
1990:
1984:Wayback Machine
1975:
1968:
1958:
1956:
1948:
1947:
1943:
1933:
1931:
1930:on 4 March 2010
1918:
1917:
1913:
1903:
1901:
1888:
1887:
1883:
1873:
1871:
1858:
1857:
1853:
1843:
1841:
1828:
1827:
1823:
1813:
1811:
1807:
1796:
1792:
1791:
1787:
1774:
1773:
1769:
1763:Wayback Machine
1754:
1750:
1736:
1735:
1731:
1720:
1718:
1705:
1704:
1700:
1689:
1674:
1673:
1669:
1652:
1640:
1625:
1624:
1620:
1616:, 33(1), 29–34.
1611:
1607:
1597:
1595:
1586:
1585:
1581:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1539:Wayback Machine
1527:
1523:
1513:
1511:
1501:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1482:
1478:
1448:
1447:
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1425:
1420:
1416:
1411:
1407:
1397:
1395:
1381:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1359:Wayback Machine
1352:appert-aina.com
1348:
1347:
1343:
1325:
1324:
1320:
1310:
1308:
1300:
1299:
1295:
1285:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1263:
1254:
1250:
1245:
1240:
1132:
1127:
1121:
1075:
1069:
1025:
1019:
989:
964:
939:
929:
888:
846:clearance gauge
837:
824:
798:
796:First operation
778:
772:
720:
714:
674:pressure canner
641:
582:
571:
565:
562:
551:
539:
528:
520:pasta e fagioli
449:
381:
363:
304:
242:
203:Napoleonic Wars
187:
178:
167:
161:
158:
147:
135:
124:
118:
75:is a method of
56:
49:
42:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4093:
4091:
4083:
4082:
4077:
4072:
4070:Food packaging
4067:
4062:
4057:
4052:
4042:
4041:
4035:
4034:
4023:
4020:
4019:
4017:
4016:
4011:
4006:
4001:
3996:
3991:
3986:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3966:
3961:
3956:
3951:
3946:
3941:
3936:
3934:Can collecting
3931:
3929:Biodegradation
3925:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3908:
3903:
3901:Tape dispenser
3898:
3893:
3888:
3883:
3878:
3873:
3868:
3863:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3808:
3803:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3751:Barcode reader
3748:
3742:
3740:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3727:
3722:
3720:Vacuum forming
3717:
3712:
3707:
3702:
3697:
3692:
3687:
3682:
3677:
3672:
3667:
3662:
3657:
3652:
3647:
3642:
3637:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3610:Graphic design
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3532:
3530:Blow fill seal
3527:
3522:
3520:Authentication
3517:
3511:
3509:
3505:
3504:
3502:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3466:
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3434:Shock detector
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3409:Pump dispenser
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3379:Plastic pallet
3376:
3371:
3366:
3361:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3339:Package handle
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3266:
3261:
3256:
3251:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3206:
3201:
3196:
3191:
3186:
3181:
3176:
3171:
3166:
3161:
3156:
3154:Aluminium foil
3151:
3145:
3143:
3135:
3134:
3132:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3116:
3111:
3106:
3101:
3096:
3091:
3089:Stand-up pouch
3086:
3081:
3076:
3071:
3066:
3061:
3056:
3055:
3054:
3044:
3039:
3034:
3032:Plastic bottle
3029:
3024:
3019:
3014:
3009:
3004:
2999:
2994:
2989:
2984:
2979:
2974:
2969:
2964:
2959:
2954:
2949:
2944:
2939:
2937:Folding carton
2934:
2929:
2924:
2922:Euro container
2919:
2914:
2909:
2904:
2902:Disposable cup
2899:
2894:
2889:
2884:
2879:
2874:
2869:
2864:
2859:
2854:
2849:
2844:
2839:
2834:
2829:
2824:
2819:
2814:
2812:Antistatic bag
2809:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2788:
2786:
2780:
2779:
2777:
2776:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2706:
2701:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2671:
2666:
2664:Fuel container
2661:
2659:Food packaging
2656:
2651:
2646:
2641:
2636:
2631:
2626:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2596:
2591:
2586:
2584:Ammunition box
2581:
2575:
2573:
2567:
2566:
2564:
2563:
2558:
2553:
2551:Tamper-evident
2548:
2543:
2538:
2533:
2528:
2523:
2518:
2513:
2508:
2503:
2498:
2493:
2488:
2483:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2457:
2455:
2449:
2448:
2443:
2441:
2440:
2433:
2426:
2418:
2409:
2408:
2406:
2405:
2394:
2381:
2378:
2377:
2375:
2374:
2372:Vacuum packing
2369:
2367:Tyndallization
2364:
2359:
2354:
2349:
2344:
2343:
2342:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2317:
2312:
2307:
2302:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2272:
2267:
2262:
2257:
2252:
2247:
2241:
2238:
2237:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2222:
2215:
2207:
2201:
2200:
2193:
2186:
2185:External links
2183:
2182:
2181:
2176:978-0520290686
2175:
2162:
2155:
2148:
2139:
2136:
2133:
2132:
2113:
2082:
2054:
2032:
2018:10.1086/444507
2011:(8): 1167–73.
1988:
1966:
1954:Livestrong.com
1941:
1924:Healthy Living
1911:
1881:
1851:
1821:
1785:
1767:
1748:
1729:
1698:
1687:
1667:
1638:
1618:
1605:
1579:
1552:
1543:
1521:
1510:on 1 July 2010
1494:
1476:
1441:
1423:
1414:
1405:
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1341:
1318:
1293:
1271:
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1244:
1241:
1239:
1238:
1232:
1231:
1230:
1220:
1219:
1218:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1201:
1199:Pasteurization
1196:
1195:
1194:
1179:
1174:
1173:
1172:
1170:Salmon cannery
1162:
1157:
1156:
1155:
1144:
1133:
1131:
1128:
1123:Main article:
1120:
1117:
1068:
1065:
1018:
1015:
988:
985:
972:lead poisoning
963:
960:
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884:
836:
833:
823:
820:
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815:
812:
809:
806:
797:
794:
771:
768:
716:Main article:
713:
710:
660:(which causes
640:
637:
626:retort pouches
584:
583:
542:
540:
533:
527:
524:
484:French cuisine
472:pork and beans
448:
445:
362:
359:
303:
300:
241:
238:
223:pasteurization
215:Nicolas Appert
195:Nicolas Appert
186:
185:French origins
183:
180:
179:
138:
136:
129:
117:
114:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4092:
4081:
4078:
4076:
4073:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4045:
4032:
4021:
4015:
4012:
4010:
4007:
4005:
4002:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3960:
3957:
3955:
3952:
3950:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3940:
3937:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3926:
3924:
3918:
3912:
3909:
3907:
3904:
3902:
3899:
3897:
3894:
3892:
3891:Shrink tunnel
3889:
3887:
3884:
3882:
3879:
3877:
3874:
3872:
3869:
3867:
3864:
3862:
3859:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3807:
3804:
3802:
3799:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3786:Check weigher
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:Bottling line
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3743:
3741:
3737:
3731:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3705:Thermoforming
3703:
3701:
3698:
3696:
3695:Roll slitting
3693:
3691:
3688:
3686:
3683:
3681:
3678:
3676:
3673:
3671:
3668:
3666:
3663:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3651:
3648:
3646:
3643:
3641:
3640:Laser cutting
3638:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3620:Hermetic seal
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
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3531:
3528:
3526:
3523:
3521:
3518:
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3513:
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3510:
3506:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3429:Security tape
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3399:Polypropylene
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3344:Packaging gas
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
3315:
3312:
3310:
3307:
3305:
3302:
3300:
3297:
3295:
3292:
3290:
3287:
3285:
3282:
3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3267:
3265:
3262:
3260:
3257:
3255:
3252:
3250:
3247:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3230:
3227:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3205:
3202:
3200:
3197:
3195:
3192:
3190:
3187:
3185:
3182:
3180:
3177:
3175:
3172:
3170:
3167:
3165:
3162:
3160:
3157:
3155:
3152:
3150:
3147:
3146:
3144:
3136:
3130:
3127:
3125:
3122:
3120:
3117:
3115:
3112:
3110:
3107:
3105:
3102:
3100:
3097:
3095:
3092:
3090:
3087:
3085:
3082:
3080:
3077:
3075:
3072:
3070:
3069:Shipping tube
3067:
3065:
3062:
3060:
3057:
3053:
3050:
3049:
3048:
3045:
3043:
3040:
3038:
3035:
3033:
3030:
3028:
3025:
3023:
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3018:
3015:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3005:
3003:
3000:
2998:
2995:
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2990:
2988:
2985:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2975:
2973:
2970:
2968:
2965:
2963:
2960:
2958:
2955:
2953:
2950:
2948:
2945:
2943:
2940:
2938:
2935:
2933:
2932:Flexible tank
2930:
2928:
2925:
2923:
2920:
2918:
2915:
2913:
2910:
2908:
2905:
2903:
2900:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2890:
2888:
2885:
2883:
2880:
2878:
2875:
2873:
2870:
2868:
2865:
2863:
2860:
2858:
2855:
2853:
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2848:
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2843:
2840:
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2835:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2825:
2823:
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2818:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2808:
2805:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2795:
2793:
2790:
2789:
2787:
2785:
2781:
2775:
2772:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
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2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2707:
2705:
2702:
2700:
2697:
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2690:
2687:
2685:
2682:
2680:
2677:
2675:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:
2662:
2660:
2657:
2655:
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2647:
2645:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:
2622:
2620:
2617:
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2610:
2607:
2605:
2602:
2600:
2597:
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2577:
2576:
2574:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2557:
2554:
2552:
2549:
2547:
2544:
2542:
2539:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2529:
2527:
2524:
2522:
2519:
2517:
2514:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2506:Package theft
2504:
2502:
2499:
2497:
2494:
2492:
2489:
2487:
2486:Overpackaging
2484:
2482:
2479:
2477:
2474:
2472:
2469:
2467:
2464:
2462:
2459:
2458:
2456:
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2446:
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2432:
2427:
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2416:
2404:
2395:
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2383:
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2379:
2373:
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2368:
2365:
2363:
2360:
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2355:
2353:
2350:
2348:
2345:
2341:
2338:
2336:
2333:
2332:
2331:
2328:
2326:
2323:
2321:
2320:Pascalization
2318:
2316:
2313:
2311:
2308:
2306:
2303:
2301:
2298:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2280:Freeze-drying
2278:
2276:
2273:
2271:
2268:
2266:
2263:
2261:
2258:
2256:
2253:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2242:
2239:
2235:
2228:
2223:
2221:
2216:
2214:
2209:
2208:
2205:
2198:
2194:
2192:
2189:
2188:
2184:
2178:
2172:
2168:
2163:
2160:
2156:
2153:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2137:
2129:
2125:
2122:
2117:
2114:
2101:
2097:
2093:
2086:
2083:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2058:
2055:
2042:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2019:
2014:
2010:
2006:
2002:
1995:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1978:
1973:
1971:
1967:
1955:
1951:
1945:
1942:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1915:
1912:
1899:
1895:
1891:
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1712:
1708:
1702:
1699:
1694:
1690:
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1649:
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1641:
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1486:
1480:
1477:
1472:
1468:
1464:
1460:
1456:
1452:
1445:
1442:
1437:
1436:History Today
1433:
1427:
1424:
1418:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1393:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1366:
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1360:
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1322:
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1202:
1200:
1197:
1193:
1190:
1189:
1188:
1185:
1184:
1183:
1180:
1178:
1177:Food industry
1175:
1171:
1168:
1167:
1166:
1163:
1161:
1158:
1154:
1151:
1150:
1148:
1145:
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1126:
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1113:
1110:
1108:
1104:
1100:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1079:
1074:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1061:public health
1058:
1054:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1036:
1035:
1030:
1024:
1016:
1014:
1011:
1009:
1005:
998:
993:
986:
984:
981:
977:
973:
969:
961:
959:
956:
953:According to
951:
943:
938:
934:
926:
924:
922:
917:
913:
912:dietary fiber
909:
901:
897:
892:
885:
883:
881:
877:
872:
870:
866:
861:
858:
853:
851:
847:
841:
834:
832:
828:
821:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
803:
802:
795:
793:
787:
782:
777:
769:
767:
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760:
758:
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748:
744:
742:
738:
734:
729:
725:
719:
711:
709:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
659:
658:
652:
650:
649:sterilization
645:
638:
636:
634:
629:
627:
624:
620:
616:
612:
608:
606:
602:
595:
590:
580:
577:
569:
559:
555:
549:
548:
543:This section
541:
537:
532:
531:
525:
523:
521:
517:
513:
509:
505:
501:
497:
493:
489:
485:
481:
477:
473:
469:
465:
461:
458:
454:
446:
444:
441:
440:working class
437:
433:
429:
425:
422:
418:
414:
410:
406:
402:
398:
394:
390:
389:New York City
376:
372:
367:
360:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
341:
337:
333:
329:
328:status symbol
321:
317:
313:
308:
301:
299:
297:
293:
292:John Franklin
289:
285:
284:
278:
274:
270:
265:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
239:
237:
234:
232:
231:French Empire
226:
224:
220:
219:Louis Pasteur
216:
212:
208:
204:
196:
191:
184:
176:
173:
165:
155:
151:
145:
144:
139:This section
137:
133:
128:
127:
123:
115:
113:
111:
107:
106:
100:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
74:
67:
66:canned salmon
62:
58:
54:
47:
40:
33:
19:
3920:Environment,
3544:
3535:Blow molding
3464:Stretch wrap
3394:Polyethylene
3384:Plastic wrap
3374:Plastic film
3359:Paper pallet
3294:Living hinge
3199:Coated paper
3079:Spray bottle
3059:Security bag
3052:Water sachet
3042:Salvage drum
3037:Retort pouch
2942:Glass bottle
2837:Blister pack
2802:Aluminum can
2769:Water bottle
2669:Gas cylinder
2644:Field ration
2541:Shelf-stable
2340:Potjevleesch
2275:Fermentation
2254:
2166:
2158:
2152:Food Science
2151:
2116:
2104:. Retrieved
2100:the original
2095:
2085:
2073:. Retrieved
2067:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2035:
2008:
2004:
1957:. Retrieved
1953:
1944:
1932:. Retrieved
1928:the original
1923:
1914:
1902:. Retrieved
1898:the original
1893:
1884:
1872:. Retrieved
1863:
1854:
1842:. Retrieved
1838:the original
1833:
1824:
1812:. Retrieved
1805:the original
1800:
1788:
1770:
1751:
1742:
1732:
1719:. Retrieved
1710:
1701:
1677:
1670:
1628:
1621:
1613:
1608:
1596:. Retrieved
1592:the original
1582:
1565:
1561:
1555:
1546:
1530:
1524:
1512:. Retrieved
1508:the original
1497:
1488:
1479:
1454:
1444:
1435:
1426:
1417:
1408:
1396:. Retrieved
1387:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1344:
1336:the original
1332:FDA Consumer
1331:
1321:
1309:. Retrieved
1305:
1296:
1284:. Retrieved
1275:
1251:
1235:Canstruction
1211:Canned water
1160:Home canning
1137:Amanda Jones
1114:
1111:
1096:
1044:C. botulinum
1043:
1039:C. botulinum
1038:
1034:C. botulinum
1032:
1026:
1012:
1002:
987:Salt content
967:
965:
954:
952:
948:
905:
895:
873:
862:
854:
842:
838:
829:
825:
799:
790:
761:
753:
749:
745:
724:double seams
721:
655:
653:
646:
642:
633:home canning
630:
609:
605:Peter Durand
598:
572:
563:
552:Please help
547:verification
544:
504:Italian Army
502:, while the
450:
386:
371:cans of tuna
355:
325:
282:
269:British Army
266:
254:Bryan Donkin
243:
235:
227:
211:Grande Armée
200:
168:
159:
148:Please help
143:verification
140:
103:
101:
72:
71:
57:
4055:Canned food
3816:Heat sealer
3781:Case sealer
3655:Papermaking
3575:Die cutting
3540:Calendering
3444:Shrink wrap
3319:Molded pulp
3304:Meat diaper
3269:Kraft paper
3249:Foam peanut
3239:Double seam
3209:Coextrusion
3179:Bubble wrap
3159:Bail handle
3104:Thermal bag
3027:Plastic bag
2842:Boil-in-bag
2774:Wine bottle
2759:Spray paint
2714:Popcorn bag
2709:Oyster pail
2594:Beer bottle
2295:Irradiation
1349:(in French)
1306:Smithsonian
1228:Cannery Row
1187:Food drying
1165:Canned fish
976:bisphenol A
937:Food safety
850:double seam
817:Countersink
718:Double seam
647:Other than
611:Can openers
500:Vichyssoise
480:French Army
453:World War I
447:World War I
409:Crimean War
382: 1930
18:Canned food
4044:Categories
3896:Staple gun
3876:Palletizer
3766:Can seamer
3635:Lamination
3560:Converting
3449:Slip sheet
3364:Paperboard
3229:Cushioning
3189:Cellophane
3164:Bioplastic
3142:components
3129:Wooden box
3099:Tetra Brik
3022:Paper sack
2997:Multi-pack
2947:Gunny sack
2817:Bag-in-box
2784:Containers
2649:Flour sack
2634:Egg carton
2609:Coffee bag
2589:Banana box
2531:Shelf life
2260:Cold chain
2001:"Botulism"
1959:7 November
1721:17 October
1648:1133661556
1311:7 November
1267:References
1153:Can opener
1119:Occupation
1027:Foodborne
931:See also:
908:shelf life
880:can seamer
857:springback
811:Cover hook
784:An opened
776:Can seamer
774:See also:
678:vegetables
516:minestrone
488:coq au vin
468:bully beef
405:vegetables
288:James Ross
273:Royal Navy
262:Bermondsey
120:See also:
93:shelf life
85:Mason jars
4060:Canneries
3989:Recycling
3796:Drum pump
3739:Machinery
3590:Extrusion
3508:Processes
3479:Tear tape
3469:Susceptor
3459:Strapping
3414:Screw cap
3389:Polyester
3234:Desiccant
3138:Materials
3119:Unit load
3074:Skin pack
3017:Paper bag
2887:Clamshell
2629:Drink can
2561:Wrap rage
2445:Packaging
2347:Rillettes
1656:cite book
1614:Endeavour
1471:131781828
1216:Drink can
1099:cocooning
1085:store in
1073:Recession
1048:paralytic
968:migration
874:Use of a
869:tightness
808:Body hook
733:tin plate
566:June 2021
428:Underwood
421:Victorian
302:In Europe
258:John Hall
162:June 2021
122:Mason jar
46:Pyrolysis
3922:post-use
3811:Heat gun
3761:Calender
3670:Printing
3499:Velostat
3494:Tinplate
3329:Overwrap
3254:Gel pack
3244:Flip-top
3149:Adhesive
3084:Squround
2987:Mesh bag
2972:Jerrycan
2917:Envelope
2857:Bulk box
2734:Sand bag
2699:Milk bag
2684:Juicebox
2599:Box wine
2572:packages
2362:Sugaring
2325:Pickling
2305:Jellying
2285:Freezing
2124:Archived
2106:28 April
2075:25 April
2047:17 March
2027:16163636
1980:Archived
1868:Archived
1780:Archived
1759:Archived
1715:Archived
1713:. 2017.
1693:Archived
1598:11 April
1535:Archived
1489:Phys.org
1392:Archived
1388:BBC News
1355:Archived
1286:24 April
1130:See also
1103:preppers
1087:Helsinki
1029:botulism
1017:Botulism
921:lycopene
916:vitamins
662:botulism
615:bayonets
486:such as
320:Budapest
209:for the
105:Bertrand
3645:Molding
3550:Coating
3545:Canning
3204:Coating
3194:Closure
2952:Inhaler
2807:Ampoule
2679:Growler
2570:Product
2452:General
2357:Smoking
2352:Salting
2330:Potting
2310:Jugging
2300:Jamming
2255:Canning
1514:14 July
1093:in 1962
1091:Finland
900:Galicia
865:wrinkle
786:tin can
770:Seaming
757:top hat
706:pickled
690:poultry
686:seafood
666:acidity
601:tin can
594:Armenia
526:Methods
508:ravioli
457:calorie
424:Britain
393:oysters
336:novelty
246:tin can
97:lentils
73:Canning
68:in 1917
4029:
3964:Litter
3806:Filler
3349:Pallet
3047:Sachet
2912:Endcap
2877:Carton
2872:Carboy
2847:Bottle
2827:Barrel
2454:topics
2401:
2335:Confit
2270:Drying
2265:Curing
2173:
2025:
1934:16 May
1904:16 May
1874:16 May
1844:16 May
1814:16 May
1685:
1646:
1636:
1469:
1455:Nature
1398:4 June
1141:vacuum
1107:doomer
1083:Elanto
1059:, and
764:rubber
741:solder
702:fruits
698:acidic
692:, and
518:, and
498:, and
464:trench
432:Nestlé
415:, and
403:, and
401:fruits
343:solder
332:Europe
322:(1885)
316:Csepel
87:, and
53:Caning
3354:Paper
3274:Label
3174:BoPET
2897:Crate
1808:(PDF)
1797:(PDF)
1467:S2CID
1243:Notes
974:, or
694:dairy
619:steel
436:Heinz
397:meats
83:like
3184:Bung
3124:Vial
3114:Tube
3012:Pail
2907:Drum
2882:Chub
2867:Case
2862:Cage
2171:ISBN
2108:2010
2096:Time
2077:2020
2049:2018
2023:PMID
1961:2018
1936:2010
1906:2010
1876:2010
1846:2010
1816:2010
1723:2017
1683:ISBN
1662:link
1644:OCLC
1634:ISBN
1600:2012
1516:2010
1400:2013
1313:2018
1288:2015
1004:Salt
997:SPAM
935:and
914:and
814:Body
737:lids
728:seal
682:meat
460:food
340:lead
310:The
283:Fury
281:HMS
271:and
256:and
81:jars
3279:Lid
3140:and
2982:Keg
2977:Jug
2967:Jar
2852:Box
2822:Bag
2013:doi
1570:doi
1459:doi
805:End
668:(a
556:by
373:in
152:by
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2066:.
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680:,
670:pH
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