731:
300:
6797:
785:
1775:
1205:
777:. In 1784 the last barrier to Scottish settlement â a law restricting land-ownership on Cape Breton Island â was repealed, and soon both PEI and Nova Scotia were predominantly Gaelic-speaking. Between 1815 and 1870, it is estimated that more than 50,000 Gaelic settlers immigrated to Nova Scotia alone. Many of them left behind poetry and other works of
1588:
The fact that Gaelic had not received official status in its homeland made it easier for
Canadian legislators to disregard the concerns of domestic speakers. Legislators questioned why "privileges should be asked for Highland Scotchmen in that are not asked for in their own country". Politicians who
2379:
An economic impact study completed by the Nova Scotia government in 2002 estimates that the survival of
Canadian Gaelic in the Province generates over C$ 23.5 million in tourism revenue every year, with nearly 380,000 people attending approximately 2,070 Gaelic events annually. This study inspired a
1749:
Gaelic poet and politician Lewis MacKinnon, "We are just like the native peoples here, our culture is indigenous to this region. We too have suffered injustices, we too have been excluded, we too have been forgotten and ridiculed for something that is simply part of who and what we are. It's part of
2445:
Sponsored by local Gaelic organizations and societies, ongoing Gaelic language adult immersion classes involving hundreds of individuals are held in over a dozen communities in the province. These immersion programs focus on learning language through activity, props and repetition. Reading, writing
2299:
Efforts to address the decline specifically of Gaelic language in Nova Scotia began in the late 1980s. Two conferences on the status of Gaelic language and culture held on Cape Breton Island set the stage. Starting in the late 1990s, the Nova Scotia government began studying ways it might enhance
1338:
Despite the widespread disregard by government on Gaelic issues, records exist of at least one criminal trial conducted entirely in Gaelic. It was conducted "in the provincial judicial system sometime during the term (1881â1904) of Chief
Justice James MacDonald of Bridgeville, Pictou County." This
544:
The Gaelic cultural identity community is a part of Nova Scotia's diverse peoples and communities. Thousands of Nova
Scotians attend Gaelic-related activities and events annually including: language workshops and immersions, milling frolics, square dances, fiddle and piping sessions, concerts and
495:
is the only area in North
America where Scottish Gaelic continues to be spoken as a community language, especially in Cape Breton. Even there the use of the language is precarious and its survival is being fought for. Even so, the Canadian GĂ idhealtachd communities in have contributed many great
1161:
priest John Black was sent to preach to the settlement, but "his lack of the Gaelic was at first a grievous disappointment" to parishioners. With continuing immigration the population of Scots colonists grew to more than 300, but by the 1860s the FrenchâMĂŠtis outnumbered the Scots, and tensions
2446:
and grammar are introduced after the student has had a minimum amount of exposure to hearing and speaking Gaelic through everyday contextualized activities. The grouping of immersion methodologies and exposure to Gaelic cultural expression in immersion settings is referred to in Nova Scotia as
1753:
Ultimately the population dropped from a peak of 200,000 in 1850, to 80,000 in 1900, to 30,000 in 1930 and 500â1,000 today. There are no longer entire communities of
Canadian Gaelic-speakers, although traces of the language and pockets of speakers are relatively commonplace on Cape Breton, and
3750:
2510:
of some
Canadian Gaelic dialects have diverged in several ways from the standard Gaelic spoken in Scotland, while others have remained the same. According to Antigonish County poet Lewis MacKinnon, "The dialect of Gaelic that I speak... doesn't exist anymore in Scotland."
2310:, the Colonel Gray High School now offers both an introductory and an advanced course in Gaelic; both language and history are taught in these classes. This is the first recorded time that Gaelic has ever been taught as an official course on Prince Edward Island.
3878:
2184:, which translates as 'but for the ocean', meaning 'but for the ocean we'd actually be together. There's only an ocean separating us. We're like another island off the coast of Scotland but we have an ocean separating us instead of a strait or a channel."
683:â about 3.9 million km (1.5 million sq mi â an area larger than India). Many of the traders who came in the later 18th and 19th centuries were Gaelic speakers from the Scottish Highlands who brought their language to the interior.
1085:
in 1832. The first Gaelic language books published in
Toronto and Montreal, which were also Presbyterian religious books, appeared between 1835 and 1836. The first Catholic religious books published in the Gaelic-language were printed at Pictou in 1836.
2383:
These two documents are watersheds in the timeline of
Canadian Gaelic, representing the first concrete steps taken by a provincial government to recognize the language's decline and engage local speakers in reversing this trend. The documents recommend
5047:
943:, which is, "an expression of disappointment and regret", ended upon becoming, "so well established in the emigrant repertoire that it easily eclipses his later songs taking delight in the Gaelic communities in Nova Scotia and their prosperity."
1713:, the Canadian government attempted to prevent the use of Gaelic on public telecommunications systems. The government believed Gaelic was used by subversives affiliated with Ireland, a neutral country perceived to be tolerant of the
1247:
in 1845. A Gaelic-language poem denouncing
Gillanders for the brutality of the evictions was later submitted anonymously to PĂ draig MacNeacail, the editor of the column in Canadian Gaelic in which the poem was later published in the
1031:, cheese, etc., etc. Their houses are small but comfortable, having a ground floor and garret, with regular chimney and glass windows. The appearance of the people is at all times respectable, but I was delighted at seeing them
1601:'s Gaelic bill, described the language as only "well suited to poetry and fairy tales". The belief that certain languages had inherent strengths and weaknesses was typical in the 19th century, but has been rejected by modern
1023:, without hearing anything spoken except the good Gaelic. Every family, even of the lowest order, has a landed property of 200 acres... However poor the family (but indeed there are none that can be called so) they kill a
2951:
collective noun, e.g. "poidhle airgid" ("a lot of money"), or "poidhle de dhaoine" ("a lot of people") A Gaelicisation of the English word "pile", possibly influenced by the Gaelic expression "tòrr" of similar usage and
2419:
Today over a dozen public institutions offer Gaelic courses, (such as a Canadian History course in Gaelic at North Nova Education Centre, Nova Scotia) in addition to advanced programmes conducted at Cape Breton,
2431:
The Nova Scotia Highland Village offers a bilingual interpretation site, presenting Gaelic and English interpretation for visitors and offering programmes for the local community members and the general public.
451:
today, there are approximately 2,000 speakers, mainly in Nova Scotia. In terms of the total number of speakers in the 2011 census, there were 7,195 total speakers of "Gaelic languages" in Canada, with 1,365 in
2672:
a term which refers to a heavy ankle sock sold with a rubberized sole that was worn in Cape Breton for decades ago. The term also refers to a pull-on leg warmer for use when wearing the kilt in cold climates.
2873:
a Gaelicisation of the English noun "store". Although the word stòr does refer to a storage building as well as wealth, the Gaelic term "bÚth" is sometimes used amongst Gaelic speakers in Nova Scotia today.
1331:, Cape Breton Island) tabled a bill entitled "An Act to Provide for the Use of Gaelic in Official Proceedings." He cited the ten Scottish and eight Irish senators who spoke Gaelic, and 32 members of the
1738:. Many saw English fluency as the key to success, and for the first time in Canadian history Gaelic-speaking parents were teaching their children to speak English en masse. The sudden stop of Gaelic
918:
MacLean, whom Robert Dunbar once dubbed, "perhaps the most important of all the poets who emigrated during the main period of Gaelic overseas emigration", composed one of his most famous song-poems,
1342:
From the mid-19th century to the early 1930s, several Gaelic-language newspapers were published in Canada, although the greatest concentration of such papers was in Cape Breton. From 1840 to 1841,
436:. At its peak in the mid-19th century, there were as many as 200,000 speakers of Scottish Gaelic and Newfoundland Irish together, making it the third-most-spoken European language in Canada after
3280:
5497:
Songs Remembered in Exile: Traditional Gaelic Songs from Nova Scotia Recorded in Cape Breton and Antigonish County in 1937, with an Account of the Causes of the Highland Emigration, 1790â1835
727:
secured a reputation for tenacity and combat prowess. In turn the countryside itself secured a reputation among the Highlanders for its size, beauty, and wealth of natural resources.
2073:
According to Margie Beaton, who emigrated from Scotland to Nova Scotia to teach the Gaelic language there in 1976, "In teaching the language here I find that they already have the
1277:(when excluding Indigenous languages), and is believed to have been spoken by more than 200,000 British North Americans at that time. A large population who spoke the related
1339:
was only possible as all people involved happened to know the language, and thus "by common consent it was agreed to conduct the whole proceedings in the Gaelic language."
6342:
1296:
and Glengarry there were large areas of Gaelic unilingualism, and communities of Gaelic-speakers had established themselves in northeastern Nova Scotia (around Pictou and
2380:
subsequent report, the Gaelic Preservation Strategy, which polled the community's desire to preserve Gaelic while seeking consensus on adequate reparative measures.
1447:
began as a weekly, but reduced its frequency to biweekly over time. Later, during the 1920s, several new Scottish Gaelic-language newspapers launched, including the
1114:, Selkirk sent over 70 Scottish settlers, many of whom spoke only Gaelic, and had them establish a small farming colony there. The settlement soon attracted local
1566:
Despite the long history of Gaels and their language and culture in Canada, the Gaelic speech population started to decline after 1850. This drop was a result of
549:(PEI). In the 2011 Canadian Census, 10 individuals in PEI cited that their mother tongue was a Gaelic language, with over 90 claiming to speak a Gaelic language.
1073:
Printing presses soon followed, though, and the first Gaelic-language books printed in Canada, all of which were Presbyterian religious books, were published at
5682:
1258:. The poem, which is believed to draw upon eyewitness accounts, is believed to be the only Gaelic-language source relating to the evictions in Glencalvie.
3854:
5144:
4808:
6461:
2560:
5343:
2411:
Increased ties were called for between Nova Scotia and Scotland, and the first such agreement, the Memorandum of Understanding, was signed in 2002.
6510:
4087:
4061:
6831:
6335:
3702:
3066:
765:
colonists arrived at Ăle-St.-Jean (Prince Edward Island) in 1770, with later ships following in 1772, and 1774. In September 1773 a ship named
657:
4893:
468:
reported 2,170 Scottish Gaelic speakers in Canada (including 425 as an L1), 635 of them living in Nova Scotia (including 65 native speakers).
6309:
5558:
5479:
5463:
5447:
5431:
5406:
5390:
3960:
2361:
1197:
is unknown. Today the ScotsâMĂŠtis have largely been absorbed by the more dominant FrenchâMĂŠtis culture, and the Bungi dialect is most likely
642:
4782:
6846:
6836:
6484:
464:
also reported that 240 residents of Nova Scotia and 15 on Prince Edward Island considered Scottish Gaelic to be their "mother tongue". The
5078:. Anthology of Scottish-Gaelic Literature of Canada in original Gaelic with English translation, with historical and literary commentary.
2514:
Gaelic terms unique to Canada exist, though research on the exact number is deficient. The language has also had a considerable effect on
2425:
6742:
6596:
1531:
1095:
860:
832:
501:
5156:
3808:
2325:, Canada offers Scottish Gaelic lessons weekly. The last "fluent" Gaelic-speaker in Ontario, descended from the original settlers of
24:
5271:
6800:
6328:
5675:
5487:
5471:
5455:
5439:
5423:
5398:
5382:
4741:
4393:
2262:(2012), about the revival of Nova Scotia Gaelic in that language; he has also published an anthology of Canadian Gaelic literature,
1570:(both from outside, and from within the Gaelic community itself), aggressive dissuasion in school and government, and the perceived
5189:
1985:
5320:
2482:
2342:(The Gaelic Society of Vancouver), the Vancouver Gaelic Choir, the Victoria Gaelic Choir, as well as the annual Gaelic festival
2150:), have credited Nilsen with sparking their interest in learning the Gaelic language and in actively fighting for its survival.
6606:
5760:
4685:
1717:. In Prince Edward Island and Cape Breton where the Gaelic language was strongest, it was actively discouraged in schools with
711:
702:
Cape Breton remained the property of France until 1758 (although mainland Nova Scotia had belonged to Britain since 1713) when
638:
321:
5220:
2178:
In a 2010 interview Scottish-born Gaelic teacher Margie Beaton said that in Scotland, "The motto they have for Nova Scotia is
1189:
was a mixture of Gaelic and English with many terms borrowed from the local native languages. Whether the dialect was a trade
6240:
5206:
5166:
4955:
2166:
1730:
Job opportunities for unilingual Gaels were few and restricted to the dwindling Gaelic-communities, compelling most into the
433:
20:
5808:
5332:
4153:
3374:
1402:, which initially occasional Gaelic-language material. On Cape Breton, several Gaelic-language newspapers were published in
5197:
6782:
6588:
5282:
3258:
3090:
2421:
2125:
2083:
2079:, the sound of the Gaelic even in their English. It's part of who they are, you can't just throw that away. It's in you."
1794:
1759:
1755:
1615:
993:
848:
600:
6144:
1872:
1801:
has a Celtic Studies department with Gaelic-speaking faculty members, and is the only such university department outside
1640:, also known in English as "The Yankee Girl"), a humorous song recounting the growing phenomenon of Gaels shunning their
6826:
6517:
6367:
6164:
5668:
5297:
5184:
5179:
3617:
3435:
3357:
3335:
2169:. Following Nilsen's death in 2012, MacKinnon composed a Gaelic-language poetic lament for his former teacher, entitled
1527:
982:
3992:
2396:
and publications, and building ties between the Gaelic community and other Nova Scotia "heritage language" communities
1742:, caused by shame and prejudice, was the immediate cause of the drastic decline in Gaelic fluency in the 20th century.
6841:
6500:
6412:
6286:
6050:
5354:
3118:
1571:
233:
5541:
3776:
2255:
930:("The Gloomy Forest"), after emigrating from Scotland to Canada. The poem has since been collected and recorded from
690:
people passed on their language, with the effect that by the mid-18th century there existed a sizeable population of
2153:
During his time as Professor of Gaelic Studies, Nilsen would take his students every year to visit the grave of the
6505:
6359:
3346:
3313:
1786:
1332:
975:
778:
720:
620:
588:
497:
5314:
3927:
3902:
730:
6669:
5710:
5508:
5411:
5370:
5337:
4299:
3578:
3531:
3236:
3190:
2326:
2318:
2189:
1790:
1016:
1001:
828:
572:
556:
480:
400:
4569:
6821:
6634:
6479:
6377:
4507:
3461:
3302:
3247:
3179:
2244:
2031:
1232:
1051:
808:
724:
513:
356:
331:
278:
272:
58:
6546:
1151:
521:
3129:
2132:, Nilsen was known for his contagious enthusiasm for both teaching and recording the distinctive Nova Scotia
6471:
6124:
6060:
6007:
5818:
5615:
5375:
The Last Stronghold: Scottish Gaelic Traditions in Newfoundland (Canada's Atlantic Folklore-folklife series)
5309:
White people, Indians, and Highlanders: tribal peoples and colonial encounters in Scotland and North America
3724:
Canadian figures include all Scottish Gaelic speakers not just those derived from Atlantic Canadian dialects
3424:
3404:
2005:
1798:
1470:
1393:
1170:
1115:
687:
668:
142:
6695:
5326:
5308:
5244:
4380:
4065:
1431:
836:
6446:
6305:
6292:
6271:
4441:
3503:
3269:
3101:
2610:
2606:
2592:
2584:
2580:
2547:
2533:
2529:
2265:
1590:
1286:
1103:
986:
6553:
5416:
Oatmeal and the Catechism: Scottish Gaelic Settlers in Quebec (Mcgill-Queen's Studies in Ethnic History)
1019:, Dr. D. MacPherson wrote, "You might travel over the whole of the County and by far the greater part of
754:
began to evict Gaelic-speaking tenants en masse from their ancestral lands in order to replace them with
6536:
6372:
5120:
5074:
3541:
3291:
2439:
2385:
1598:
1582:
1547:
1523:
1436:
1316:
1266:
1055:
997:
947:
656:
Within a year the colony had failed. Subsequent attempts to relaunch it were cancelled when in 1631 the
417:
6768:
6690:
5873:
5765:
4485:"Becoming Cold-hearted like the Gentiles Around Them": Scottish Gaelic in the United States, 1872â1912"
3951:
McEwan-Fujita, Emily (2013). "Gaelic Revitalization Efforts in Nova Scotia". In Newton, Michael (ed.).
2779:
a Gaelicisation of the English verb "to pound". That this may have been used in Cape Breton instead of
2203:
2110:
525:
4091:
3866:
820:
508:
during the days of early settlement and Lewis MacKinnon, whose Canadian Gaelic poetry was awarded the
6758:
6572:
6276:
6088:
5977:
5833:
5800:
5727:
4294:
3594:
3513:
3445:
3414:
3209:
3140:
2618:
2405:
2307:
2218:
2215:
2141:
2016:
1974:
1739:
1555:
1535:
1082:
852:
587:. Gaelic-speaking poets in communities across Canada have produced a large and significant branch of
546:
509:
465:
461:
457:
87:
2753:, which refers to a British pound. "Sgillinn" is used both in Canada and Scotland to refer to coins.
6700:
6281:
6245:
5921:
5790:
5691:
5572:
5512:
5492:
4900:
4758:
3324:
2699:
2515:
2043:
2000:('The Queen's College and Queen forever!'), and is traditionally sung after scoring a touchdown in
1950:
1920:
1860:
1718:
1403:
1163:
1074:
904:
747:
703:
650:
4465:. St John's, Newfoundland: Memorial University of Newfoundland Folklore and Language Archive. 2001
6567:
6407:
6382:
6255:
6190:
6032:
5969:
5954:
5823:
5745:
5740:
5028:
4813:
4786:
4422:
4039:
3151:
2478:
2435:
2105:
According to Natasha Sumner, the current literary and cultural revival of the Gaelic language in
2087:
1955:
1911:
1305:
1293:
1278:
1123:
1111:
646:
631:
616:
564:
409:
405:
157:
79:
6560:
4322:
2279:("Seasons for Seeking"), includes both his original poetry and his literary translations of the
6626:
6235:
6185:
6040:
6022:
6017:
5997:
5992:
5944:
5878:
5554:
5504:
5483:
5475:
5467:
5459:
5451:
5443:
5435:
5427:
5419:
5402:
5394:
5386:
5378:
4389:
3956:
3667:
2314:
2240:
2228:
2162:
2051:
2001:
1989:
1945:
1936:
1746:
1309:
1228:
1119:
1005:
884:
484:
286:
5652:
5171:
6750:
6451:
6436:
6431:
6230:
6220:
6205:
6200:
6195:
6119:
6114:
6104:
6070:
6012:
5959:
5906:
5868:
5813:
5775:
5735:
5705:
5569:
As aâ BhrĂ ighe / Beyond the Braes: The Gaelic Songs of Allan the Ridge MacDonald (1794-1868)
5535:
5020:
4031:
2333:
2121:
2012:
2011:
The Gaelic character of Nova Scotia has influenced that province's industry and traditions.
1964:
1940:
1925:
1880:
1476:
1324:
1320:
1270:
1174:
1099:
1063:
545:
festivals. Up until about the turn of the 20th century, Gaelic was widely spoken on eastern
476:
441:
437:
413:
376:
147:
3928:"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population â Nova Scotia [Province]"
6387:
6351:
6215:
6210:
6169:
6078:
6045:
6002:
5949:
5939:
5934:
5929:
5888:
5863:
5858:
5853:
5848:
5828:
5780:
5770:
5634:
5201:
4543:
3692:
2556:
2501:
2158:
2137:
2114:
1915:
1274:
1243:, Gillanders was the person most responsible for the mass evictions staged at Glencalvie,
1043:
1032:
1020:
888:
797:
784:
604:
505:
492:
472:
448:
388:
384:
206:
191:
162:
134:
118:
6660:
5838:
5500:
5132:
1589:
themselves spoke the language held opinions that would today be considered misinformed;
1546:("The Remembrance: CĂŠilidh Songs of the Cape Breton and Prince Edward Island Gaels") in
299:
6159:
6109:
6083:
5982:
5843:
5785:
5625:
5531:
3812:
3168:
2485:
2401:
2280:
2055:
1778:
1594:
1198:
1194:
1131:
1047:
222:
152:
4462:
2140:. Several important leaders in the recent Canadian Gaelic revival, including the poet
2062:, to the much colder Canadian winter climate by playing on frozen lakes while wearing
6815:
6441:
6402:
6149:
5755:
5750:
5527:
4261:
3903:"Profile table, Census Profile, 2021 Census of Population â Canada [Country]"
3627:
2716:
2489:
2211:
2095:
2047:
1641:
1578:
1301:
1262:
1182:
1139:
1078:
990:
793:
676:
576:
568:
567:
settled commencing in the 18th century, and to a much lesser extent the provinces of
533:
408:
and on the northeastern mainland of the province. Scottish Gaelic is a member of the
305:
5520:
Cuimhneachan: BĂ rdachd a' Chiad Chogaidh/Remembrance: Gaelic Poetry of World War One
4689:
2360:
404:
and continuing until the 1850s. Gaelic has been spoken since then in Nova Scotia on
6763:
6397:
6250:
6154:
5911:
4022:
Griffiths, N.E.S.; John G. Reid (July 1992). "New Evidence on New Scotland, 1629".
3697:
3567:
2098:
spread her arms wide and cried, "You are my people!" The hundreds of Canadian-born
2023:
1907:
1714:
1710:
1539:
1328:
1282:
1236:
1035:
on a Sunday; the men clothed in good English cloth, and many of the women wore the
908:
844:
612:
429:
425:
229:
201:
91:
6055:
5606:
5257:
4959:
4834:
900:
4785:. Nova Scotia Department of Tourism, Culture & Heritage. 2002. Archived from
4737:"'Echoing off the walls of God': 13th-century Muslim poet translated into Gaelic"
4160:
2357:'s Scottish Cultural Centre also holds seasonal Scottish Gaelic evening classes.
1544:
An Cuimhneachain: Ărain CĂŠilidh GĂ idheal Cheap Breatuinn agus Eilean-an-Phrionnsa
6716:
5896:
5315:
Speaking Canadian English: an informal account of the English language in Canada
5194:
4930:
4809:"A small Cape Breton schoolhouse offers hope for the future of Gaelic in Canada"
4254:
The Catholic Highlands of Scotland. Volume II: The Western Highlands and Islands
3551:
2925:
2805:
2596:
2368:
2232:
2106:
1929:
1602:
1551:
1249:
1178:
1158:
1059:
1024:
931:
880:
876:
863:(Allan The Ridge MacDonald) emigrated with his family from Ach nan Comhaichean,
816:
801:
789:
755:
691:
649:â all of whom were Gaelic-speaking â were settled at what is presently known as
453:
395:
124:
114:
83:
5657:â Interactive map of Nova Scotia showing Gaelic place names around the province
5551:/Memory-Keeper of the Forest: Anthology of Scottish Gaelic Literature of Canada
4636:
1859:), was printed by Jonathon G. MacKinnon for 11 years between 1892 and 1904, in
1050:, there was no Gaelic printing press in Canada. For this reason, in 1819, Rev.
1027:
for the winter consumption; the farm or estate supplies them with abundance of
5987:
5248:
4515:
3493:
2541:
2397:
2393:
2364:
2129:
2067:
2063:
1984:
Several Canadian schools use the "Gael" as a mascot, the most prominent being
1868:
1398:
1297:
1254:
1244:
864:
812:
774:
707:
680:
985:, immigrants newly arrived from Scotland were joined in Canada by so-called "
694:
traders with Scottish and aboriginal ancestry, and command of spoken Gaelic.
6392:
5901:
5523:
4257:
3657:
2507:
2389:
2354:
2235:, as the winning Bard. It was the first time in the 120-year history of the
2207:
2059:
1995:
1838:
1774:
1567:
1409:
1240:
1147:
762:
735:
672:
635:
608:
529:
259:
247:
196:
1550:. Due to Rev. Lamont's pamphlet, the most complete versions survive of the
1204:
962:). In Nova Scotia, he is known colloquially today as, "The Bard MacLean" (
6653:
4484:
4388:. 97. Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada: Nova Scotia Museum. pp. 38, 44.
4030:(3). Omohundro Institute of Early American History and Culture: 492â508.
3889:
3843:
2117:
1914:
in Canada, were born in Cape Breton and in adulthood became friends with
1802:
1224:
1169:
The continuing association between the Selkirk colonists and surrounding
1107:
868:
751:
739:
580:
421:
339:
327:
101:
4442:""This Could Have Been Mine": Scottish Gaelic Learners in North America"
4426:
1098:
obtained 300,000 square kilometres (120,000 sq mi) to build a
6707:
6621:
4043:
3832:
3777:
Statistics Canada, 2016 Census of Canada, Table: Detailed mother tongue
3647:
2322:
2133:
1763:
1735:
1335:
who spoke either Scottish Gaelic or Irish. The bill was defeated 42â7.
1300:); in Glengarry, Stormont, Grey, and Bruce Counties in Ontario; in the
1067:
989:" refugees fleeing persecution and the seizure of their land claims by
584:
560:
335:
5660:
5032:
4573:
4265:
3637:
3483:
2545:
2027:
1978:
1731:
1190:
1143:
1127:
1036:
1028:
1009:
892:
879:
in 1816 and composed many works of Gaelic poetry as a homesteader in
843:("The Song of Emigration"), which describes his 1803 voyage from the
770:
661:
488:
69:
4899:. Scottish Gaelic Studies 17, University of Aberdeen. Archived from
4035:
2685:
a wooded clearing burnt for planting crops, literally "forest park".
2346:
2236:
1967:
has released several albums in the language, including the 1997 hit
1396:, which lasted a year before being replaced by the English-language
5115:
5106:. Digital audio/visual archives of Canadian Gaels speaking Gaelic.
5024:
4736:
831:
in 1786 and a Gaelic poem in praise of her new home also survives.
819:
around 1775 and a poem describing his first winter there survives.
6320:
5598:
5102:
4382:
GAELIC NOVA SCOTIA: AN ECONOMIC, CULTURAL, AND SOCIAL IMPACT STUDY
2569:("Eigg cluck"), for its strong association with speakers from the
2359:
2154:
2099:
2091:
2039:
1939:
ancestry have featured Canadian Gaelic in their works, among them
1773:
1203:
896:
872:
824:
783:
729:
555:, and their language and culture, have influenced the heritage of
552:
5190:
Highland Village Museum/An Clachan GĂ idhealach, Iona, Nova Scotia
4197:
4195:
1162:
between the two groups would prove a major factor in the ensuing
5593:
2570:
2552:
2288:
2284:
1135:
996:. These settlers arrived on a mass scale at the arable lands of
950:, MacLean is commonly known as "The Poet to the Laird of Coll" (
912:
104:
6324:
5664:
5251:. Scottish documentary on Canadian Gaelic-speaking community .
5161:
5088:
4182:
4180:
2303:
In December 2006 the Office of Gaelic Affairs was established.
1118:
groups, resulting in an unprecedented interaction of Scottish (
4444:. Center for Celtic Studies, University of WisconsinâMilwaukee
3751:"Census Profile, 2016 Census [Nova Scotia and Canada]"
1835:) around 1851. The world's longest-running Gaelic periodical,
1581:
for generations, and those feelings were easily transposed to
5418:. McGill Queens University Press, Birlinn, 1999, 2002, 2004.
5302:. 1907. Book describing immigration to the Canadian Prairies.
4212:
4210:
3978:
North American Gaels: Speech, Song, and Story in the Diaspora
2442:
offers Gaelic immersion weekends, weeks and summer programs.
127:: 3,980 in Canada (including 2,000 in Atlantic Canada) (2016)
5228:
4276:
4274:
4112:
3071:
2643:
2187:
The first Gaelic language film to be made in North America,
2022:
Gaelic settlers in Nova Scotia adapted the popular Highland
1522:
In 1917, Rev. Murdoch Lamont (1865â1927), a Gaelic-speaking
471:
While there have been many distinctive Canadian dialects of
1015:
Following an 1814 visit from Scotland to the settlement in
4859:
4610:
An Lasair: anthology of 18th century Scottish Gaelic verse
2291:, all of which are themed around the seasons of the year.
2124:. During his employment as Professor of Gaelic Studies at
338:
characters. For an introductory guide on IPA symbols, see
5157:
The EncyclopĂŚdia of Canada's Cultures: The Case of Gaelic
4637:
Description of a 2000 Cèilidh in Cape Breton, Nova Scotia
1805:
to offer four full years of Scottish Gaelic instruction.
460:
where the responses mainly refer to Scottish Gaelic. The
5585:
4723:
An Tuil: Anthology of 20th Century Scottish Gaelic Verse
2066:. This led to the creation of the modern sport known as
915:, who emigrated with his family to Nova Scotia in 1819.
2847:
fifty cents. (literally "two shillings and six pence").
1750:
our human expression and that story needs to be told."
5284:
Fiosrachadh 'o'n Luchd-riaghlaidh mo Dheighinn Chanada
5092:. Gaelic Affairs Division, Government of Nova Scotia.
3926:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09).
3901:
Government of Canada, Statistics Canada (2022-02-09).
3890:
Our Community â Gaelic Affairs, Nova Scotia/Alba Nuadh
2102:
in the audience immediately erupted into loud cheers.
6771:
6748:
6714:
6705:
6671:
6658:
6558:
6544:
5546:
4489:
E-Keltoi: Journal of Interdisciplinary Celtic Studies
3670:
3660:
3650:
3640:
3630:
3620:
3610:
3604:
3598:
3587:
3581:
3571:
3560:
3554:
3544:
3534:
3516:
3506:
3496:
3486:
3476:
3470:
3464:
3454:
3448:
3438:
3428:
3417:
3407:
3395:
3378:
3367:
3361:
3350:
3339:
3328:
3317:
3306:
3295:
3284:
3273:
3262:
3251:
3240:
3229:
3221:
3213:
3202:
3194:
3183:
3172:
3161:
3155:
3144:
3133:
3122:
3111:
3105:
3094:
3081:
3051:
3045:
3028:
3018:
3005:
2985:
2981:. Also used in certain Gaelic dialects in Scotland. .
2975:
2964:
2956:
2942:
2916:
2903:
2890:
2877:
2864:
2851:
2838:
2825:
2812:
2795:
2780:
2770:
2757:
2748:
2742:
2741:
a Gaelicisation of the English noun "cent". The term
2731:
2723:
2706:
2689:
2676:
2663:
2650:
2627:
2621:
2564:
2456:
2447:
2344:
2337:
2274:
2263:
2222:
2194:
2179:
2170:
2145:
2074:
1993:
1968:
1894:
1884:
1836:
1814:
1808:
1722:
1666:
1652:
1619:
1609:
1498:
1474:
1448:
1442:
1407:
1371:
1365:
1343:
1209:
969:
963:
957:
951:
938:
925:
919:
370:
364:
45:
5377:. Canongate Books Ltd, Breakwater Books Ltd, 1989 /
5116:
Virtual Museum Exhibit on Cape Breton Gaelic Culture
5011:
Campbell, J.L. (1936). "Scottish Gaelic in Canada".
4931:"Gaelic in Prince Edward Island: A Cultural Remnant"
1867:
s regular misprints and his tendency to financially
1813:
of Antigonish published the monthly Gaelic magazine
1770:
Contemporary language, culture, and arts initiatives
1042:
Unlike in the Gaelic-speaking settlements along the
839:, alias Malcolm Buchanan, left behind the song-poem
746:
They would remember Canada when the earliest of the
416:
and the Canadian dialects have their origins in the
6735:
6683:
6646:
6614:
6605:
6581:
6535:
6526:
6493:
6470:
6424:
6358:
6264:
6178:
6137:
6097:
6069:
6031:
5968:
5920:
5887:
5799:
5726:
5719:
5698:
4958:. The Gaelic Council of Nova Scotia. Archived from
4892:MacAulay, Donald; J. Gleasure; C. Ă Baoill (1996).
4413:Gaelic Periodicals in Nova Scotia: An Assessment".
2973:"trip" or "turn". Same usage and meaning as Gaelic
2747:is used in Canada and the U.S. instead of the word
1906:Eòin and Seòras MacShuail, believed to be the only
1364:) was published in Kingston, Ontario, and in 1851,
773:, Nova Scotia, with 189 settlers who departed from
285:
271:
257:
245:
240:
219:
184:
131:
110:
97:
75:
65:
53:
32:
4463:"MacEdward Leach and the Songs of Atlantic Canada"
3980:. McGillâQueen's University Press. pp. 14â16.
3955:. Cape Breton University Press. pp. 160â186.
3044:a deep blanket of snow covering the ground. (from
2082:While performing in 2000 at the annual Cèilidh at
2015:, produced in Cape Breton, is one of the very few
1871:his subscribers, ultimately led local Gaelic poet
1863:. However, MacKinnon's mockery of complaints over
5162:Scottish Gaelic College of Celtic Arts and Crafts
5123:Audio and text archive of Cape Breton histories.
1996:"Oilthigh na BĂ nrighinn a' BhĂ nrighinn gu brĂ th!"
5075:Seanchaidh na Coille/Memory-Keeper of the Forest
4572:. Nova Scotia's Electronic Attic. Archived from
2273:Lewis MacKinnon's 2017 Gaelic poetry collection
2004:matches. The university's team is nicknamed the
974:), after MacLean's original family homestead in
5338:Transactions of the Gaelic Society of Inverness
4293:Bumsted, J. M.; Smyth, Julie (March 25, 2015).
2199:) is a six-minute short filmed in Cape Breton.
1469:), which included Gaelic-language lessons; the
1235:and, as his employer was then serving with the
432:. The Canadian branch is a close cousin of the
5654:The Gaels and their Place-Names in Nova Scotia
4506:McInerny, Tim; O'Leary, Naomi (14 June 2017).
3772:
3770:
3768:
3745:
3743:
3741:
2136:of the Gaelic-language, its folklore, and its
1281:immigrated to Scots Gaelic communities and to
924:("A Song to America"), which is also known as
6336:
5676:
5321:Canadian History: Beginnings to Confederation
5229:St Francis Xavier University Gaelic Resources
3061:List of Scottish Gaelic place names in Canada
2766:a Gaelicisation of the English word smuggler.
1981:styles, known in fiddling circles worldwide.
1935:Many English-speaking writers and artists of
1924:, which featured an isolated Gaelic-speaking
1727:('hanging stick') if caught speaking Gaelic.
1231:for the estate of Major Charles Robertson of
706:fell to the British, followed by the rest of
8:
5210:Gaelic Collection of the Cape Breton Library
5147:. Nova Scotia government strategy proposal.
4686:"N.S. Crew Set to Release Gaelic Short Film"
4544:Keeping Canada's Unique Gaelic Culture Alive
4539:
4537:
4535:
4533:
4415:Proceedings of the Harvard Celtic Colloquium
3976:Sumner, Natasha; Doyle, Aidan, eds. (2020).
3720:
3718:
1992:. The school cheer of Queen's University is
1110:. With the help of his employee and friend,
713:
5287:. 1892. Book describing life in Canada, by
5135:. Nova Scotia government report on Gaelic.
4671:
4659:
4647:
4555:
4280:
4240:
4216:
4201:
4186:
2462:
1844:
1820:
1754:especially in traditional strongholds like
1625:
1504:
1482:
1454:
1415:
1377:
1349:
1223:James Gillanders of Highfield Cottage near
698:Gaels in 18th- and 19th-century settlements
383:, is a collective term for the dialects of
6611:
6532:
6343:
6329:
6321:
5723:
5683:
5669:
5661:
5603:â The Gaelic Society of Vancouver (Canada)
4323:"The Lord Selkirk Settlement at Red River"
2617:This form is limited mostly to the plural
1261:By 1850, Gaelic was the third most-common
1219:Status in the 19th- and early 20th-century
667:Almost a half-century later, in 1670, the
298:
29:
16:Scottish Gaelic dialects of eastern Canada
5323:. Taylor, Martin Brook & Owram, Doug.
5276:. Canadian Gaelic newspaper, 540 issues.
5006:
5004:
5002:
5000:
4998:
4996:
4626:. Mainstream Publishing. pp. 80â100.
4598:. Mainstream Publishing. pp. 80â100.
2599:vowel, speakers tend to pronounce it as .
2038:), which was traditionally played by the
1785:A. W. R. MacKenzie founded the
1577:Gaelic has faced widespread prejudice in
5607:Cainnt mo MhĂ thar (My Mother's Language)
5180:Gaelic Placenames of Scotland and Canada
4994:
4992:
4990:
4988:
4986:
4984:
4982:
4980:
4978:
4976:
4894:"Festschrift for Professor D.S. Thomson"
4147:
4145:
4143:
4141:
4139:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4131:
4129:
4055:
4053:
3993:"Non-Scot is Gaelic Bard for first time"
3855:"Focus on Geography Series, 2011 Census"
2785:is evidence of the influence of English.
2239:that a writer of Gaelic poetry from the
1879:and its editor in two separate works of
1208:Thomas Robert McInnes (Canadian Gaelic:
398:from 1773, with the arrival of the ship
5609:Extended recordings of native speakers
4887:
4885:
4883:
4881:
4879:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3794:
3792:
3790:
3788:
3786:
3784:
3737:
3714:
2860:a dollar. (literally "five shillings").
2834:twenty cents. (literally "a shilling").
855:and his impressions of his new home as
653:, on the western shore of Nova Scotia.
591:comparable to that of Scotland itself.
424:. The parent language developed out of
332:question marks, boxes, or other symbols
5049:Cape Breton Gaelic Folklore Collection
4924:
4922:
4920:
4366:
4354:
4342:
4228:
4064:. Multicultural Canada. Archived from
4009:
3811:. Multicultural Canada. Archived from
3703:List of Scottish place names in Canada
3067:List of Scottish place names in Canada
937:According to Michael Newton, however,
686:Those who intermarried with the local
19:For the Irish language in Canada, see
5340:. Vol.s III & IV. 1873-4, 1874â5.
4256:, Sands & Co., 37 George Street,
57:
7:
6485:Dependent and independent verb forms
5594:Nova Scotia Office of Gaelic Affairs
4709:
4159:. Nova Scotia Museum. Archived from
3844:Nova Scotia Office of Gaelic Affairs
3833:Ethnologue â Canada, Scottish Gaelic
1977:is a unique tradition of Gaelic and
1497:); and MacKinnon's later endeavor,
934:in both Scotland and the New World.
887:. The most prolific emigre poet was
734:The Highland Emigrants' Monument at
117:: 1,545 in Canada (including 285 in
6597:Gaelic Language (Scotland) Act 2005
5590:â The Gaelic Council of Nova Scotia
4956:"Gaelic Placesnames of Nova Scotia"
3867:Statistics Canada, NHS Profile 2011
3033:). Also used in Gaelic in Scotland.
2659:a velvet offering pouch for church.
2481:, Cape Breton, opened as the first
2094:native and legendary Gaelic singer
1701:Perhaps you are from Cape Breton."
1676:Perhaps you are from Cape Breton."
1660:'s thug mi dha dhe na crathadh.
1646:
1096:Thomas Douglas, 5th Earl of Selkirk
1062:, had to publish his collection of
1004:in present-day Ontario, and in the
968:) or as "The Barney's River Poet" (
5185:Nova Scotia Gaelic Visual Archives
3879:Statistics Canada, 2011 NHS Survey
2227:), a poet in Canadian Gaelic from
1656:"DĂŠ mar a tha thu, seann leannan?"
1654:Chuir mi fĂ ilte oirr' gu cĂ irdeil:
25:Permanent North American Gaeltacht
14:
5128:(in English, French, and Mi'kmaq)
4735:Tattrie, Jon (19 November 2017).
4325:. The Manitoba Historical Society
4321:Henderson, Anne Matheson (1968).
1154:traditions all in close contact.
1000:, with large numbers settling in
559:and other regions in present-day
6796:
6795:
5611:(in Scottish Gaelic and English)
5571:, Cape Breton University Press,
5553:. Cape Breton University Press.
5355:19th century Ontario Gaelic song
5241:Se Ceap Breatainn TĂŹr Mo GhrĂ idh
5167:Gaelic Placenames in Nova Scotia
4936:. Gaelic Field Recording Project
2821:a dime. (literally "six pence").
2540:The most common Canadian Gaelic
2202:In a major innovation, the 2011
1721:. Children were beaten with the
800:leaving Scotland for Canada, by
5518:Edited by Jo MacDonald (2015),
5333:Bilingualism and language death
4090:. Canoe Network. Archived from
3991:Ross, David (19 October 2011).
2719:of the English verb "to skate".
1873:Alasdair a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
750:by the increasingly Anglicized
658:Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye
475:that have been spoken in other
394:Scottish Gaels were settled in
5499:. Tunes mostly transcribed by
5262:. Canadian Gaelic radio show.
5195:Gaelic in Prince Edward Island
5052:. St Francis Xavier University
4624:Camanachd: The Story of Shinty
4596:Camanachd: The Story of Shinty
4154:"Gaelic Economic-impact Study"
4024:The William and Mary Quarterly
2561:well known in Western Scotland
2477:) (fig. Mabou Schoolhouse) in
2258:made a half-hour documentary,
2167:Antigonish County, Nova Scotia
2161:(John MacLean) (1787â1848) at
1685:I welcomed her with affection:
1181:and ScotsâMĂŠtis traders, the "
956:) or as "John, son of Allan" (
859:("The Island of Prosperity").
719:. As a result of the conflict
434:Irish language in Newfoundland
21:Irish language in Newfoundland
1:
6832:Endangered diaspora languages
6589:Education (Scotland) Act 1872
5626:2013 Canadian Gaelic Calendar
4783:"Memorandum of Understanding"
4409:Dunbar, Robert (2017). "Post-
2999:Gaelic in Nova Scotia English
2502:Linguistic features of Gaelic
2126:St. Francis Xavier University
2019:to be made outside Scotland.
1697:"You're a Scotchman I reckon.
1687:"How are you old sweetheart?"
1672:"You're a Scotchman I reckon.
1635:The Woman who Lost the Gaelic
1173:groups evolved into a unique
861:Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
756:private deer-stalking estates
601:History of the Irish language
502:Ailean a' Ridse MacDhòmhnaill
479:communities, particularly in
308:
6165:Labrador Inuit Pidgin French
5600:Comunn GĂ idhlig Bhancoubhair
5145:Gaelic Preservation Strategy
5133:Gaelic Economic-impact Study
4612:, Birlinn Limited. Page 501.
4115:. Hector Heritage Quay. 2016
2840:dĂ thastan agus sia sgillinn
2804:a nickel. (literally "three
2339:Comunn GĂ idhlig Bhancoubhair
2172:Do Choinneach Nilsen, M'Oide
1795:St Francis Xavier University
1054:, the first Gaelic-speaking
983:American War of Independence
59:[ÉËÉŁaËlÉŞkʲËxanÉtĚŞÉx]
6847:Language conflict in Canada
6837:Endangered Celtic languages
6287:Plains Indian Sign Language
5617:Litir do Luchd-Ionnsachaidh
5511:1990, Reprinted in 1999 by
5344:Na h-Albannaich agus Canada
5289:Ăghdarras PĂ rlamaid Chanada
4860:"Taigh Sgoile na Drochaide"
4835:"Taigh Sgoile na Drochaide"
4807:Mercer, Greg (2022-01-03).
4546:, BBC News 21 October 2010.
3618:Lewes, Prince Edward Island
2632:sequence is pronounced as .
2551:is pronounced as (as with
2260:Singing Against the Silence
1973:('Jenny Dang the Weaver').
1668:Fhreagair ise gu nĂ imhdeil:
1658:Gun do shĂŹn mi mo lĂ mh dhi,
1621:An TĂŠ a Chaill a' GhĂ idhlig
1211:Tòmas Raibeart Mac Aonghais
761:The first ship loaded with
234:Scottish Gaelic orthography
6865:
6138:Pidgins, creoles and mixed
5046:MacNeil, Joe Neil (2007).
4688:. CBC News. Archived from
4622:Hutchinson, Roger (1989).
4594:Hutchinson, Roger (1989).
4060:Dickason, Olive P (2006).
3397:TĂŹr-mĂłr na h-Albann Nuaidh
3064:
2499:
2313:Maxville Public School in
2243:had won the Bardic Crown (
2109:was largely instigated by
1886:Ăran CĂ inidh do Mhac-Talla
1787:Nova Scotia Gaelic College
1781:, Cape Breton, Nova Scotia
1464:The Messenger of the Gaels
1406:. The longest-lasting was
1333:House of Commons of Canada
976:Pictou County, Nova Scotia
779:Scottish Gaelic literature
621:History of Scottish Gaelic
598:
589:Scottish Gaelic literature
498:Scottish Gaelic literature
496:figures to the history of
428:and is closely related to
18:
6791:
6302:
5639:The Canadian Encyclopedia
5547:
5509:Aberdeen University Press
5311:. Calloway, Colin Gordon.
5299:Machraichean Mòra Chanada
5172:Gaelic Map of Nova Scotia
4864:Taigh Sgoile na Drochaide
4379:Kennedy, Michael (2002).
4300:The Canadian Encyclopedia
4152:Kennedy, Michael (2002).
3753:. Statistics Canada. 2016
2886:workhouse (penitentiary).
2458:Taigh Sgoile na Drochaide
2457:
2190:The Wake of Calum MacLeod
1809:
1699:I don't know your Gaelic,
1674:I don't know your Gaelic,
1610:
1366:
1292:In Prince Edward Island,
1017:Glengarry County, Ontario
970:
964:
958:
952:
829:Glengarry County, Ontario
809:MÏcheal Mór MacDhòmhnaill
796:depiction of a member of
714:
632:King James VI of Scotland
626:Arrival of earliest Gaels
573:Newfoundland and Labrador
481:Glengarry County, Ontario
372:GĂ idhlig Cheap Bhreatainn
318:
297:
44:
37:
6635:West Highland Free Press
6145:AlgonquianâBasque pidgin
4570:"Nova Scotia Quotations"
4518:. Event occurs at 35:30
4514:(Podcast) (3 ed.).
4483:Newton, Michael (2003).
4440:Newton, Michael (2004).
3536:Siorrachd Gleanna Garadh
2563:where it was called the
2300:Gaelic in the province.
2196:Faire Chaluim Mhic Leòid
1554:composed in Gaelic upon
1177:. Used primarily by the
660:returned Nova Scotia to
643:Scottish colony overseas
304:Distribution throughout
6743:Gaelic-medium education
5235:(in French and English)
5224:(in French and English)
4672:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4660:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4648:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4556:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4281:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4241:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4217:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4202:Sumner & Doyle 2020
4187:Sumner & Doyle 2020
3807:Bumsted, J. M. (2006).
2295:Outlook and development
2276:RĂ ithean airson Sireadh
1959:), and D.R. MacDonald (
1816:An Cuairtear Ăg Gaelach
1695:She answered haughtily:
1450:Teachdaire nan GĂ idheal
1394:Antigonish, Nova Scotia
1373:An Cuairtear Ăg Gaelach
1106:, in what would become
641:to establish the first
6772:
6749:
6715:
6706:
6672:
6659:
6559:
6545:
6447:East Sutherland Gaelic
6310:Canadian dictionaries
6293:Maritime Sign Language
6272:American Sign Language
5761:Malecite-Passamaquoddy
5259:Aiseirigh nan GĂ idheal
5089:Iomairtean na GĂ idhlig
4757:McDonald, Rod (2001).
4113:"Hector Heritage Quay"
3671:
3661:
3651:
3641:
3631:
3621:
3611:
3605:
3599:
3588:
3582:
3572:
3570:(part of Nova Scotia)
3561:
3555:
3545:
3535:
3532:Glengarry County, Ont.
3517:
3507:
3497:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3465:
3455:
3449:
3439:
3429:
3418:
3408:
3396:
3379:
3368:
3362:
3351:
3340:
3329:
3318:
3307:
3296:
3285:
3274:
3263:
3252:
3241:
3230:
3222:
3214:
3203:
3195:
3184:
3173:
3162:
3156:
3145:
3134:
3123:
3112:
3106:
3095:
3083:Eilean Cheap Breatainn
3082:
3052:
3046:
3029:
3019:
3006:
2986:
2976:
2965:
2957:
2943:
2917:
2912:The Canadian Prairies.
2904:
2891:
2878:
2865:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2813:
2796:
2781:
2771:
2758:
2749:
2743:
2732:
2724:
2707:
2690:
2677:
2664:
2651:
2628:
2622:
2565:
2448:
2371:
2345:
2338:
2275:
2264:
2248:
2223:
2195:
2180:
2171:
2146:
2075:
2035:
1994:
1970:Hòro Ghoid thu Nighean
1969:
1895:
1889:('A Song of Revile to
1885:
1837:
1815:
1782:
1723:
1667:
1653:
1620:
1499:
1475:
1449:
1443:
1408:
1372:
1344:
1215:
1210:
1157:In the 1840s, Toronto
987:United Empire Loyalist
971:BĂ rd Abhainn BhĂ rnaidh
939:
926:
920:
804:
743:
517:
371:
366:A' GhĂ idhlig Chanadach
365:
360:
320:This article contains
47:A' GhĂ idhlig Chanadach
46:
6547:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
6306:Canadian style guides
5587:Comhairle na GĂ idhlig
5567:Effie Rankin (2004),
4721:Ronald Black (1999),
4608:Ronald Black (2001),
4252:Odo Blundell (1917),
3953:Celts in the Americas
3096:BrĂ igh na h-Aibhneadh
3014:a boor, oaf, bungler.
2500:Further information:
2386:community development
2363:
2224:Lodaidh MacFhionghain
2147:Lodaidh MacFhionghain
1777:
1709:With the outbreak of
1611:Am BĂ rd Mac Dhiarmaid
1599:Thomas Robert McInnes
1583:British North America
1548:Quincy, Massachusetts
1538:, published a small,
1524:Presbyterian minister
1432:Jonathon G. MacKinnon
1370:launched the monthly
1345:Cuairtear nan Coillte
1317:Thomas Robert McInnes
1267:British North America
1207:
1193:or a fully developed
1056:Presbyterian minister
998:British North America
953:BĂ rd Thighearna Chola
948:Highlands and Islands
921:Ăran do dh' Aimearaga
837:Calum BĂ n MacMhannain
787:
758:and herds of sheep.
733:
599:Further information:
522:An Comunn GĂ idhealach
418:Highlands and Islands
6277:Quebec Sign Language
5720:Indigenous languages
5635:"Scottish Canadians"
5629:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5621:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5548:Seanchaidh na Coille
5347:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5304:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5293:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5278:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5264:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5253:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5232:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5213:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5175:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5149:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5137:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5125:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5108:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5094:(in Scottish Gaelic)
5080:(in Scottish Gaelic)
4841:(in Scottish Gaelic)
4839:Naidheachdan a' BhBC
4508:"The Irish Language"
3595:Prince Edward Island
3498:Meinnean na h-Albann
3392:mainland Nova Scotia
2905:Na Machraichean Mòra
2406:African Nova Scotian
2308:Prince Edward Island
2266:Seanchaidh na Coille
2120:with a specialty in
2017:single malt whiskies
1975:Cape Breton fiddling
1918:, who in 1896 wrote
1740:language acquisition
1556:Prince Edward Island
1536:Prince Edward Island
1304:of Newfoundland; in
1102:at the forks of the
1083:Prince Edward Island
981:With the end of the
940:A' Choille Ghruamach
853:Prince Edward Island
679:lands draining into
671:was given exclusive
669:Hudson's Bay Company
547:Prince Edward Island
466:2021 Canadian census
462:2016 Canadian census
458:Prince Edward Island
88:Prince Edward Island
6827:Languages of Canada
6368:Proto-Indo-European
6246:Pennsylvania German
5692:Languages of Canada
5573:Sydney, Nova Scotia
5503:; illustrations by
5493:John Lorne Campbell
5221:Cape Breton Cèilidh
4929:Shaw, John (1987).
4558:, pp. 315â338.
4369:, pp. 487â493.
4357:, pp. 371â387.
3932:www12.statcan.gc.ca
3907:www12.statcan.gc.ca
3857:. Statistics Canada
3612:Eilean a' Phrionnsa
2516:Cape Breton English
2496:Linguistic features
2254:The Gaelic scholar
1951:Ann-Marie MacDonald
1921:Captains Courageous
1719:corporal punishment
1691:But she ignored it.
1689:I held out my hand,
1562:Reasons for decline
1441:from 1892 to 1904.
1164:Red River Rebellion
1075:Pictou, Nova Scotia
965:Am BĂ rd MacGilleain
927:A Choille Ghruamach
748:Highland Clearances
723:who fought for the
704:Fortress Louisbourg
6842:Diaspora languages
6568:The Gaelic College
6537:Gaelic development
6511:Bible translations
6408:Early Modern Irish
6282:Inuk Sign Language
6241:Newfoundland Irish
6206:Tagalog (Filipino)
6179:Minority languages
6051:Heiltsuk-Oowekyala
5809:Babine-WitsuwitĘźen
5699:Official languages
5530:. Foreword by HRH
5329:. Edwards, John R.
5327:Language in Canada
5200:2005-08-28 at the
4814:The Globe and Mail
4512:The Irish Passport
4295:"Red River Colony"
4260:, 15 King Street,
4243:, p. 282â283.
4204:, p. 339â370.
3546:Siorramachd Bhruis
3542:Bruce County, Ont.
3430:An Caolas Leathann
3363:Baile a' Chlamhain
3231:An Cladach a Tuath
3174:BrĂ igh na h-Aibhne
3169:Southwest Margaree
3124:CĂšil an t-Simileir
3078:Cape Breton Island
2472:Bridge Schoolhouse
2449:GĂ idhlig aig Baile
2436:The Gaelic College
2372:
2204:Royal National Mòd
1986:Queen's University
1956:Fall on Your Knees
1912:Goidelic languages
1830:The Gaelic Tourist
1783:
1387:The Gaelic Tourist
1306:Winnipeg, Manitoba
1216:
1112:Archibald McDonald
805:
744:
721:Highland regiments
617:Early Modern Irish
526:Royal National Mòd
406:Cape Breton Island
375:), often known in
353:Cape Breton Gaelic
80:Cape Breton Island
38:Cape Breton Gaelic
6809:
6808:
6731:
6730:
6727:
6726:
6666:
6639:
6631:
6627:Stornoway Gazette
6593:
6573:Sabhal Mòr Ostaig
6462:Dialect phonology
6417:
6318:
6317:
6236:Doukhobor Russian
6133:
6132:
5560:978-1-77206-016-4
5505:Margaret Fay Shaw
5480:978-0-7735-1810-0
5464:978-0-85976-461-2
5448:978-0-85976-574-9
5432:978-0-7735-1810-0
5407:978-0-920911-38-9
5391:978-0-86241-197-8
5121:Work through Time
5103:Cainnt mo MhĂ thar
4789:on March 24, 2005
4763:Electric Scotland
4674:, pp. 61â63.
4345:, pp. 59â62.
4189:, pp. 14â16.
3962:978-1-897009-75-8
3683:
3682:
3668:Stornoway, Quebec
3606:An t-Eilean Dearg
3518:Baile na StĂ ilinn
3352:Còbh a' Phlà stair
3264:Eilean na Nollaig
3228:The North Shore:
2937:
2936:
2559:). This form was
2422:St Francis Xavier
2241:Scottish diaspora
2229:Antigonish County
2111:Kenneth E. Nilsen
2036:camanachd, iomain
1990:Kingston, Ontario
1963:). Gaelic singer
1946:No Great Mischief
1937:Scottish-Canadian
1747:Antigonish County
1707:
1706:
1597:, in response to
1492:The Guiding Light
1399:Antigonish Casket
1319:, an independent
1183:Red River Dialect
1052:Seumas MacGriogar
1006:Eastern Townships
885:Antigonish County
752:Scottish nobility
715:Plaines d'Abraham
639:William Alexander
485:Eastern Townships
346:
345:
328:rendering support
324:phonetic symbols.
6854:
6799:
6798:
6775:
6754:
6720:
6711:
6675:
6664:
6656:
6637:
6629:
6612:
6591:
6564:
6554:Bòrd na Gà idhlig
6550:
6533:
6452:Galwegian Gaelic
6437:Hebridean Gaelic
6432:Mid-Minch Gaelic
6415:
6345:
6338:
6331:
6322:
6231:Hutterite German
5724:
5685:
5678:
5671:
5662:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5630:
5622:
5612:
5564:
5550:
5549:
5536:Duke of Rothesay
5412:Margaret Bennett
5371:Margaret Bennett
5360:
5351:
5348:
5317:. Orkin, Mark M.
5305:
5294:
5279:
5268:
5265:
5254:
5236:
5233:
5225:
5217:
5214:
5176:
5153:
5150:
5141:
5138:
5129:
5126:
5112:
5109:
5098:
5095:
5084:
5081:
5061:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5043:
5037:
5036:
5008:
4971:
4970:
4968:
4967:
4954:unknown (1999).
4951:
4945:
4944:
4942:
4941:
4935:
4926:
4915:
4914:
4912:
4911:
4905:
4898:
4889:
4874:
4873:
4871:
4870:
4856:
4850:
4849:
4847:
4846:
4831:
4825:
4824:
4822:
4821:
4804:
4798:
4797:
4795:
4794:
4779:
4773:
4772:
4770:
4769:
4754:
4748:
4747:
4732:
4726:
4719:
4713:
4707:
4701:
4700:
4698:
4697:
4684:unknown (2006).
4681:
4675:
4669:
4663:
4657:
4651:
4650:, p. 37â70.
4645:
4639:
4634:
4628:
4627:
4619:
4613:
4606:
4600:
4599:
4591:
4585:
4584:
4582:
4581:
4568:unknown (2007).
4565:
4559:
4553:
4547:
4541:
4528:
4527:
4525:
4523:
4503:
4497:
4496:
4480:
4474:
4473:
4471:
4470:
4459:
4453:
4452:
4450:
4449:
4437:
4431:
4430:
4406:
4400:
4399:
4387:
4376:
4370:
4364:
4358:
4352:
4346:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4318:
4312:
4311:
4309:
4307:
4290:
4284:
4278:
4269:
4250:
4244:
4238:
4232:
4226:
4220:
4214:
4205:
4199:
4190:
4184:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4171:
4165:
4158:
4149:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4109:
4103:
4102:
4100:
4099:
4088:"Bras d'Or Lake"
4086:unknown (2003).
4083:
4077:
4076:
4074:
4073:
4057:
4048:
4047:
4019:
4013:
4007:
4001:
4000:
3988:
3982:
3981:
3973:
3967:
3966:
3948:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3938:
3923:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3913:
3898:
3892:
3887:
3881:
3876:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3852:
3846:
3841:
3835:
3830:
3824:
3823:
3821:
3820:
3804:
3779:
3774:
3763:
3762:
3760:
3758:
3747:
3725:
3722:
3674:
3664:
3654:
3648:Calgary, Alberta
3644:
3634:
3624:
3614:
3608:
3602:
3591:
3585:
3575:
3573:Eilean Gainmhich
3564:
3558:
3548:
3538:
3520:
3510:
3500:
3490:
3480:
3474:
3468:
3458:
3452:
3442:
3440:Loch an Fhamhair
3432:
3421:
3411:
3399:
3382:
3371:
3365:
3354:
3343:
3332:
3321:
3310:
3299:
3288:
3277:
3266:
3259:Christmas Island
3255:
3244:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3206:
3198:
3196:Gleann nam MĂ gan
3187:
3176:
3165:
3159:
3148:
3137:
3126:
3115:
3109:
3107:Baile Inbhir Nis
3098:
3085:
3072:
3055:
3049:
3032:
3022:
3009:
2989:
2979:
2968:
2960:
2946:
2920:
2918:buna-bhuachaille
2907:
2894:
2881:
2868:
2855:
2842:
2829:
2816:
2799:
2784:
2774:
2761:
2752:
2746:
2735:
2727:
2710:
2700:will-o'-the-wisp
2693:
2680:
2667:
2654:
2644:
2631:
2625:
2614:
2612:
2608:
2594:
2588:
2586:
2582:
2568:
2549:
2537:
2535:
2531:
2476:
2473:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2460:
2459:
2451:
2388:, strengthening
2350:
2341:
2334:British Columbia
2332:The province of
2329:, died in 2001.
2327:Glengarry County
2278:
2269:
2249:CrĂšn na BĂ rdachd
2226:
2198:
2183:
2174:
2149:
2122:Celtic languages
2113:(1941â2012), an
2084:Christmas Island
2078:
2044:St. Andrew's Day
2013:Glen Breton Rare
1999:
1972:
1965:Mary Jane Lamond
1961:Cape Breton Road
1941:Alistair MacLeod
1926:African-Canadian
1899:('The Satire of
1898:
1888:
1881:satirical poetry
1858:
1855:
1852:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1825:
1822:
1818:
1812:
1811:
1756:Christmas Island
1726:
1670:
1662:
1647:
1639:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1627:
1623:
1613:
1612:
1542:booklet titled,
1518:
1515:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1502:
1496:
1493:
1490:
1487:
1484:
1480:
1468:
1465:
1462:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1446:
1440:
1430:), published by
1429:
1426:
1423:
1420:
1417:
1413:
1391:
1388:
1385:
1382:
1379:
1375:
1369:
1368:
1363:
1360:
1357:
1354:
1351:
1347:
1325:British Columbia
1213:
1175:contact language
1090:Red River colony
1064:Christian poetry
1002:Glengarry County
973:
972:
967:
966:
961:
960:
955:
954:
942:
929:
923:
821:Anna NicGillĂŹosa
717:
716:
575:(especially the
557:Glengarry County
518:CrĂšn na BĂ rdachd
414:Celtic languages
377:Canadian English
374:
368:
361:GĂ idhlig Chanada
313:
310:
302:
293:
281:
250:
225:
137:
61:
49:
30:
6864:
6863:
6857:
6856:
6855:
6853:
6852:
6851:
6822:Canadian Gaelic
6812:
6811:
6810:
6805:
6787:
6723:
6679:
6642:
6601:
6577:
6528:
6522:
6489:
6466:
6457:Canadian Gaelic
6420:
6388:Primitive Irish
6354:
6352:Scottish Gaelic
6349:
6319:
6314:
6298:
6260:
6226:Canadian Gaelic
6174:
6129:
6125:Coast Tsimshian
6093:
6065:
6027:
5964:
5916:
5883:
5795:
5715:
5694:
5689:
5643:
5641:
5633:
5628:
5620:
5610:
5582:
5561:
5542:Newton, Michael
5540:
5522:, Acair Books,
5507:. Published by
5367:
5365:Further reading
5358:
5349:
5346:
5303:
5292:
5277:
5266:
5263:
5252:
5234:
5231:
5223:
5215:
5212:
5202:Wayback Machine
5174:
5151:
5148:
5139:
5136:
5127:
5124:
5110:
5107:
5096:
5093:
5082:
5079:
5070:
5065:
5064:
5055:
5053:
5045:
5044:
5040:
5013:American Speech
5010:
5009:
4974:
4965:
4963:
4953:
4952:
4948:
4939:
4937:
4933:
4928:
4927:
4918:
4909:
4907:
4903:
4896:
4891:
4890:
4877:
4868:
4866:
4858:
4857:
4853:
4844:
4842:
4833:
4832:
4828:
4819:
4817:
4806:
4805:
4801:
4792:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4776:
4767:
4765:
4759:"Alec McDonald"
4756:
4755:
4751:
4734:
4733:
4729:
4720:
4716:
4708:
4704:
4695:
4693:
4683:
4682:
4678:
4670:
4666:
4658:
4654:
4646:
4642:
4635:
4631:
4621:
4620:
4616:
4607:
4603:
4593:
4592:
4588:
4579:
4577:
4567:
4566:
4562:
4554:
4550:
4542:
4531:
4521:
4519:
4505:
4504:
4500:
4482:
4481:
4477:
4468:
4466:
4461:
4460:
4456:
4447:
4445:
4439:
4438:
4434:
4408:
4407:
4403:
4396:
4385:
4378:
4377:
4373:
4365:
4361:
4353:
4349:
4341:
4337:
4328:
4326:
4320:
4319:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4279:
4272:
4251:
4247:
4239:
4235:
4227:
4223:
4215:
4208:
4200:
4193:
4185:
4178:
4169:
4167:
4163:
4156:
4151:
4150:
4127:
4118:
4116:
4111:
4110:
4106:
4097:
4095:
4085:
4084:
4080:
4071:
4069:
4059:
4058:
4051:
4036:10.2307/2947108
4021:
4020:
4016:
4008:
4004:
3990:
3989:
3985:
3975:
3974:
3970:
3963:
3950:
3949:
3945:
3936:
3934:
3925:
3924:
3920:
3911:
3909:
3900:
3899:
3895:
3888:
3884:
3877:
3873:
3865:
3861:
3853:
3849:
3842:
3838:
3831:
3827:
3818:
3816:
3806:
3805:
3782:
3775:
3766:
3756:
3754:
3749:
3748:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3728:
3723:
3716:
3711:
3693:Scottish Gaelic
3689:
3684:
3589:Eilein a' Trosg
3456:an t-Ărd-Bhaile
3358:Port Hawkesbury
3069:
3063:
3001:
2938:
2641:
2604:
2595:occurs after a
2578:
2527:
2524:
2504:
2498:
2474:
2471:
2468:
2465:
2417:
2377:
2336:is host to the
2297:
2245:Scottish Gaelic
2219:Lewis MacKinnon
2159:Iain mac Ailein
2142:Lewis MacKinnon
2138:oral literature
2032:Scottish Gaelic
1916:Rudyard Kipling
1896:Aoir Mhic-Talla
1856:
1853:
1850:
1847:
1832:
1829:
1826:
1823:
1810:Eòin Boidhdeach
1772:
1760:The North Shore
1724:maide-crochaidh
1703:
1700:
1698:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1690:
1688:
1686:
1678:
1675:
1673:
1671:
1665:
1663:
1659:
1657:
1655:
1637:
1634:
1631:
1628:
1616:The North Shore
1564:
1516:
1514:The Entertainer
1513:
1510:
1507:
1500:Fear na Cèilidh
1494:
1491:
1488:
1485:
1466:
1463:
1460:
1457:
1434:
1427:
1424:
1421:
1418:
1389:
1386:
1383:
1380:
1367:Eòin Boidhdeach
1361:
1358:
1355:
1352:
1285:settlements in
1221:
1092:
1044:Cape Fear River
959:Iain mac Ailein
823:emigrated from
811:emigrated from
798:Clan MacAlister
710:in the ensuing
700:
645:. The group of
628:
623:
605:Primitive Irish
597:
542:
514:Scottish Gaelic
493:Atlantic Canada
473:Scottish Gaelic
449:Atlantic Canada
389:Atlantic Canada
385:Scottish Gaelic
357:Scottish Gaelic
349:Canadian Gaelic
326:Without proper
314:
311:
291:
277:
246:
226:
221:
215:
207:Scottish Gaelic
192:Primitive Irish
187:
180:
168:Canadian Gaelic
163:Scottish Gaelic
138:
135:Language family
133:
122:
119:Atlantic Canada
39:
33:Canadian Gaelic
28:
17:
12:
11:
5:
6862:
6861:
6858:
6850:
6849:
6844:
6839:
6834:
6829:
6824:
6814:
6813:
6807:
6806:
6804:
6803:
6792:
6789:
6788:
6786:
6785:
6780:
6779:
6778:
6761:
6756:
6745:
6739:
6737:
6733:
6732:
6729:
6728:
6725:
6724:
6722:
6721:
6712:
6703:
6698:
6693:
6687:
6685:
6681:
6680:
6678:
6677:
6667:
6650:
6648:
6644:
6643:
6641:
6640:
6632:
6624:
6618:
6616:
6609:
6603:
6602:
6600:
6599:
6594:
6585:
6583:
6579:
6578:
6576:
6575:
6570:
6565:
6556:
6551:
6541:
6539:
6530:
6524:
6523:
6521:
6520:
6515:
6514:
6513:
6503:
6497:
6495:
6491:
6490:
6488:
6487:
6482:
6476:
6474:
6468:
6467:
6465:
6464:
6459:
6454:
6449:
6444:
6439:
6434:
6428:
6426:
6422:
6421:
6419:
6418:
6410:
6405:
6400:
6395:
6390:
6385:
6380:
6378:Insular Celtic
6375:
6370:
6364:
6362:
6356:
6355:
6350:
6348:
6347:
6340:
6333:
6325:
6316:
6315:
6303:
6300:
6299:
6297:
6296:
6289:
6284:
6279:
6274:
6268:
6266:
6265:Sign languages
6262:
6261:
6259:
6258:
6253:
6248:
6243:
6238:
6233:
6228:
6223:
6218:
6213:
6208:
6203:
6198:
6193:
6188:
6182:
6180:
6176:
6175:
6173:
6172:
6167:
6162:
6160:Chinook Jargon
6157:
6152:
6147:
6141:
6139:
6135:
6134:
6131:
6130:
6128:
6127:
6122:
6117:
6112:
6107:
6101:
6099:
6095:
6094:
6092:
6091:
6086:
6081:
6075:
6073:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6061:Nuu-chah-nulth
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6029:
6028:
6026:
6025:
6020:
6015:
6010:
6005:
6000:
5995:
5990:
5985:
5980:
5974:
5972:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5952:
5947:
5942:
5937:
5932:
5926:
5924:
5918:
5917:
5915:
5914:
5909:
5904:
5899:
5893:
5891:
5885:
5884:
5882:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5805:
5803:
5797:
5796:
5794:
5793:
5788:
5783:
5778:
5773:
5768:
5763:
5758:
5753:
5748:
5743:
5738:
5732:
5730:
5721:
5717:
5716:
5714:
5713:
5708:
5702:
5700:
5696:
5695:
5690:
5688:
5687:
5680:
5673:
5665:
5659:
5658:
5650:
5631:
5623:
5613:
5604:
5596:
5591:
5581:
5580:External links
5578:
5577:
5576:
5565:
5559:
5538:
5532:Prince Charles
5516:
5490:
5409:
5366:
5363:
5362:
5361:
5352:
5341:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5318:
5312:
5306:
5295:
5280:
5269:
5255:
5237:
5226:
5218:
5204:
5192:
5187:
5182:
5177:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5142:
5130:
5118:
5113:
5099:
5085:
5069:
5066:
5063:
5062:
5038:
5025:10.2307/451699
5019:(2): 128â136.
4972:
4946:
4916:
4875:
4851:
4826:
4799:
4774:
4749:
4727:
4714:
4702:
4676:
4664:
4662:, p. 281.
4652:
4640:
4629:
4614:
4601:
4586:
4560:
4548:
4529:
4498:
4475:
4454:
4432:
4401:
4394:
4371:
4359:
4347:
4335:
4313:
4285:
4270:
4245:
4233:
4231:, p. 185.
4221:
4219:, p. 282.
4206:
4191:
4176:
4125:
4104:
4078:
4049:
4014:
4002:
3983:
3968:
3961:
3943:
3918:
3893:
3882:
3871:
3869:, by province.
3859:
3847:
3836:
3825:
3780:
3764:
3736:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3727:
3726:
3713:
3712:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3705:
3700:
3695:
3688:
3685:
3681:
3680:
3676:
3675:
3665:
3655:
3645:
3635:
3625:
3615:
3592:
3583:Talamh an Ăisg
3576:
3565:
3549:
3539:
3522:
3521:
3511:
3501:
3491:
3481:
3459:
3443:
3433:
3422:
3412:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3383:
3380:Acarsaid Nèill
3375:Neil's Harbour
3372:
3355:
3344:
3333:
3322:
3319:Drochaid Mhira
3311:
3300:
3289:
3278:
3275:An Trà igh Mhòr
3267:
3256:
3253:Baile nan Gall
3245:
3234:
3226:
3218:
3207:
3204:A' Chreag MhĂłr
3199:
3188:
3177:
3166:
3149:
3138:
3127:
3119:Chimney Corner
3116:
3099:
3070:
3065:Main article:
3062:
3059:
3058:
3057:
3034:
3015:
3000:
2997:
2996:
2995:
2982:
2953:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2929:
2913:
2900:
2887:
2874:
2861:
2848:
2835:
2822:
2809:
2790:
2788:
2787:
2786:
2767:
2754:
2720:
2703:
2686:
2678:pĂ irc-coillidh
2673:
2660:
2642:
2640:
2637:
2636:
2635:
2634:
2633:
2602:
2601:
2600:
2576:
2575:
2574:
2523:
2520:
2497:
2494:
2486:primary school
2428:Universities.
2416:
2413:
2402:Acadian French
2392:, legislating
2376:
2373:
2353:. The city of
2296:
2293:
2281:Persian poetry
2256:Michael Newton
2056:Handsel Monday
2052:New Year's Day
1779:Bilingual sign
1771:
1768:
1705:
1704:
1683:
1681:
1679:
1650:
1595:Henry Kaulback
1563:
1560:
1532:Queen's County
1310:Eastern Quebec
1220:
1217:
1195:mixed language
1091:
1088:
1048:North Carolina
1037:Highland plaid
857:Eilean an Ăigh
841:Ăran an Imrich
712:Battle at the
699:
696:
677:North American
675:rights to all
627:
624:
596:
593:
565:Highland Scots
541:
538:
412:branch of the
344:
343:
330:, you may see
316:
315:
303:
295:
294:
289:
283:
282:
275:
269:
268:
263:
255:
254:
251:
243:
242:
241:Language codes
238:
237:
227:
223:Writing system
220:
217:
216:
214:
213:
212:
211:
210:
209:
190:
188:
185:
182:
181:
179:
178:
177:
176:
175:
174:
173:
172:
171:
170:
153:Insular Celtic
141:
139:
132:
129:
128:
112:
108:
107:
99:
95:
94:
77:
73:
72:
67:
66:Native to
63:
62:
55:
51:
50:
42:
41:
35:
34:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6860:
6859:
6848:
6845:
6843:
6840:
6838:
6835:
6833:
6830:
6828:
6825:
6823:
6820:
6819:
6817:
6802:
6794:
6793:
6790:
6784:
6781:
6777:
6776:
6774:
6767:
6766:
6765:
6762:
6760:
6757:
6755:
6753:
6752:
6751:GĂ idhealtachd
6746:
6744:
6741:
6740:
6738:
6734:
6719:
6718:
6713:
6710:
6709:
6704:
6702:
6699:
6697:
6694:
6692:
6689:
6688:
6686:
6682:
6676:
6674:
6668:
6663:
6662:
6655:
6652:
6651:
6649:
6645:
6636:
6633:
6628:
6625:
6623:
6620:
6619:
6617:
6613:
6610:
6608:
6604:
6598:
6595:
6590:
6587:
6586:
6584:
6580:
6574:
6571:
6569:
6566:
6563:
6562:
6557:
6555:
6552:
6549:
6548:
6543:
6542:
6540:
6538:
6534:
6531:
6525:
6519:
6516:
6512:
6509:
6508:
6507:
6504:
6502:
6499:
6498:
6496:
6492:
6486:
6483:
6481:
6478:
6477:
6475:
6473:
6469:
6463:
6460:
6458:
6455:
6453:
6450:
6448:
6445:
6443:
6442:Argyll Gaelic
6440:
6438:
6435:
6433:
6430:
6429:
6427:
6423:
6414:
6411:
6409:
6406:
6404:
6403:Gaelicisation
6401:
6399:
6396:
6394:
6391:
6389:
6386:
6384:
6381:
6379:
6376:
6374:
6371:
6369:
6366:
6365:
6363:
6361:
6357:
6353:
6346:
6341:
6339:
6334:
6332:
6327:
6326:
6323:
6313:
6311:
6307:
6301:
6295:
6294:
6290:
6288:
6285:
6283:
6280:
6278:
6275:
6273:
6270:
6269:
6267:
6263:
6257:
6254:
6252:
6249:
6247:
6244:
6242:
6239:
6237:
6234:
6232:
6229:
6227:
6224:
6222:
6219:
6217:
6214:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6202:
6199:
6197:
6194:
6192:
6189:
6187:
6184:
6183:
6181:
6177:
6171:
6168:
6166:
6163:
6161:
6158:
6156:
6153:
6151:
6150:Broken Slavey
6148:
6146:
6143:
6142:
6140:
6136:
6126:
6123:
6121:
6118:
6116:
6113:
6111:
6108:
6106:
6103:
6102:
6100:
6096:
6090:
6087:
6085:
6082:
6080:
6077:
6076:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6034:
6030:
6024:
6021:
6019:
6016:
6014:
6011:
6009:
6006:
6004:
6001:
5999:
5996:
5994:
5991:
5989:
5986:
5984:
5981:
5979:
5976:
5975:
5973:
5971:
5967:
5961:
5958:
5956:
5953:
5951:
5948:
5946:
5943:
5941:
5938:
5936:
5933:
5931:
5928:
5927:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5913:
5910:
5908:
5905:
5903:
5900:
5898:
5895:
5894:
5892:
5890:
5886:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5840:
5837:
5835:
5832:
5830:
5827:
5825:
5822:
5820:
5817:
5815:
5812:
5810:
5807:
5806:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5792:
5789:
5787:
5784:
5782:
5779:
5777:
5774:
5772:
5769:
5767:
5764:
5762:
5759:
5757:
5754:
5752:
5749:
5747:
5744:
5742:
5739:
5737:
5734:
5733:
5731:
5729:
5725:
5722:
5718:
5712:
5709:
5707:
5704:
5703:
5701:
5697:
5693:
5686:
5681:
5679:
5674:
5672:
5667:
5666:
5663:
5656:
5655:
5651:
5640:
5636:
5632:
5627:
5624:
5619:
5618:
5614:
5608:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5597:
5595:
5592:
5589:
5588:
5584:
5583:
5579:
5574:
5570:
5566:
5562:
5556:
5552:
5543:
5539:
5537:
5533:
5529:
5528:Isle of Lewis
5525:
5521:
5517:
5514:
5510:
5506:
5502:
5498:
5494:
5491:
5489:
5488:0-7735-2775-3
5485:
5481:
5477:
5473:
5472:0-7735-1810-X
5469:
5465:
5461:
5457:
5456:0-85976-461-3
5453:
5449:
5445:
5441:
5440:0-85976-574-1
5437:
5433:
5429:
5425:
5424:0-7735-1810-X
5421:
5417:
5413:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5400:
5399:0-920911-38-2
5396:
5392:
5388:
5384:
5383:0-86241-197-1
5380:
5376:
5372:
5369:
5368:
5364:
5356:
5353:
5345:
5342:
5339:
5336:
5334:
5331:
5328:
5325:
5322:
5319:
5316:
5313:
5310:
5307:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5290:
5286:
5285:
5281:
5275:
5274:
5270:
5261:
5260:
5256:
5250:
5246:
5242:
5238:
5230:
5227:
5222:
5219:
5211:
5209:
5205:
5203:
5199:
5196:
5193:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5183:
5181:
5178:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5146:
5143:
5134:
5131:
5122:
5119:
5117:
5114:
5105:
5104:
5100:
5091:
5090:
5086:
5077:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5051:
5050:
5042:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5026:
5022:
5018:
5014:
5007:
5005:
5003:
5001:
4999:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4985:
4983:
4981:
4979:
4977:
4973:
4962:on 2006-05-05
4961:
4957:
4950:
4947:
4932:
4925:
4923:
4921:
4917:
4906:on 2007-11-19
4902:
4895:
4888:
4886:
4884:
4882:
4880:
4876:
4865:
4861:
4855:
4852:
4840:
4836:
4830:
4827:
4816:
4815:
4810:
4803:
4800:
4788:
4784:
4778:
4775:
4764:
4760:
4753:
4750:
4745:
4743:
4738:
4731:
4728:
4724:
4718:
4715:
4711:
4706:
4703:
4692:on 2006-09-11
4691:
4687:
4680:
4677:
4673:
4668:
4665:
4661:
4656:
4653:
4649:
4644:
4641:
4638:
4633:
4630:
4625:
4618:
4615:
4611:
4605:
4602:
4597:
4590:
4587:
4576:on 2010-07-29
4575:
4571:
4564:
4561:
4557:
4552:
4549:
4545:
4540:
4538:
4536:
4534:
4530:
4517:
4513:
4509:
4502:
4499:
4494:
4490:
4486:
4479:
4476:
4464:
4458:
4455:
4443:
4436:
4433:
4428:
4424:
4420:
4416:
4412:
4405:
4402:
4397:
4395:0-88871-774-1
4391:
4384:
4383:
4375:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4360:
4356:
4351:
4348:
4344:
4339:
4336:
4324:
4317:
4314:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4289:
4286:
4283:, p. 16.
4282:
4277:
4275:
4271:
4267:
4263:
4262:Covent Garden
4259:
4255:
4249:
4246:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4230:
4225:
4222:
4218:
4213:
4211:
4207:
4203:
4198:
4196:
4192:
4188:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4166:on 2006-08-28
4162:
4155:
4148:
4146:
4144:
4142:
4140:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4132:
4130:
4126:
4114:
4108:
4105:
4094:on 2006-11-08
4093:
4089:
4082:
4079:
4068:on 2006-11-05
4067:
4063:
4056:
4054:
4050:
4045:
4041:
4037:
4033:
4029:
4025:
4018:
4015:
4011:
4006:
4003:
3998:
3994:
3987:
3984:
3979:
3972:
3969:
3964:
3958:
3954:
3947:
3944:
3933:
3929:
3922:
3919:
3908:
3904:
3897:
3894:
3891:
3886:
3883:
3880:
3875:
3872:
3868:
3863:
3860:
3856:
3851:
3848:
3845:
3840:
3837:
3834:
3829:
3826:
3815:on 2012-12-26
3814:
3810:
3803:
3801:
3799:
3797:
3795:
3793:
3791:
3789:
3787:
3785:
3781:
3778:
3773:
3771:
3769:
3765:
3752:
3746:
3744:
3742:
3738:
3731:
3721:
3719:
3715:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3699:
3696:
3694:
3691:
3690:
3686:
3679:
3673:
3669:
3666:
3663:
3659:
3656:
3653:
3649:
3646:
3643:
3639:
3636:
3633:
3629:
3628:New Brunswick
3626:
3623:
3619:
3616:
3613:
3607:
3601:
3596:
3593:
3590:
3584:
3580:
3577:
3574:
3569:
3566:
3563:
3557:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3543:
3540:
3537:
3533:
3530:
3529:
3528:
3527:
3524:Elsewhere in
3519:
3515:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3499:
3495:
3492:
3489:
3488:Baile Phiogto
3485:
3482:
3479:
3473:
3472:Glaschu Nuadh
3467:
3466:Am Baile Beag
3463:
3460:
3457:
3451:
3447:
3444:
3441:
3437:
3434:
3431:
3426:
3423:
3420:
3416:
3413:
3410:
3406:
3403:
3402:
3401:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3386:
3381:
3376:
3373:
3370:
3364:
3359:
3356:
3353:
3348:
3347:Port Hastings
3345:
3342:
3337:
3334:
3331:
3326:
3323:
3320:
3315:
3314:Marion Bridge
3312:
3309:
3308:Loch Laomainn
3304:
3301:
3298:
3293:
3290:
3287:
3286:A' Mhira Mhòr
3282:
3279:
3276:
3271:
3268:
3265:
3260:
3257:
3254:
3249:
3246:
3243:
3238:
3235:
3232:
3227:
3224:
3219:
3216:
3211:
3208:
3205:
3200:
3197:
3192:
3189:
3186:
3181:
3178:
3175:
3170:
3167:
3164:
3158:
3153:
3150:
3147:
3142:
3139:
3136:
3135:An Rubha Fada
3131:
3128:
3125:
3120:
3117:
3114:
3108:
3103:
3100:
3097:
3092:
3089:
3088:
3087:
3084:
3079:
3074:
3073:
3068:
3060:
3054:
3048:
3043:
3040:
3039:
3035:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3021:
3016:
3013:
3010:
3008:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2988:
2983:
2980:
2978:
2972:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2959:
2954:
2950:
2947:
2945:
2940:
2939:
2933:
2927:
2924:
2921:
2919:
2914:
2911:
2908:
2906:
2901:
2898:
2895:
2893:
2888:
2885:
2882:
2880:
2875:
2872:
2869:
2867:
2862:
2859:
2856:
2854:
2849:
2846:
2843:
2841:
2836:
2833:
2830:
2828:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2815:
2810:
2807:
2803:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2792:
2791:
2789:
2783:
2778:
2775:
2773:
2768:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2755:
2751:
2745:
2740:
2736:
2734:
2728:
2726:
2721:
2718:
2717:Gaelicisation
2714:
2711:
2709:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2692:
2687:
2684:
2681:
2679:
2674:
2671:
2668:
2666:
2661:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2648:
2647:
2646:
2645:
2638:
2630:
2624:
2620:
2616:
2615:
2613:
2603:
2598:
2590:
2589:
2587:
2577:
2572:
2567:
2562:
2558:
2554:
2550:
2543:
2539:
2538:
2536:
2526:
2525:
2521:
2519:
2517:
2512:
2509:
2503:
2495:
2493:
2491:
2490:North America
2487:
2484:
2483:Gaelic-medium
2480:
2453:
2450:
2443:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2427:
2423:
2414:
2412:
2409:
2407:
2403:
2399:
2395:
2391:
2387:
2381:
2374:
2370:
2366:
2362:
2358:
2356:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2340:
2335:
2330:
2328:
2324:
2320:
2316:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2301:
2294:
2292:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2268:
2267:
2261:
2257:
2252:
2250:
2246:
2242:
2238:
2234:
2230:
2225:
2220:
2217:
2213:
2212:Isle of Lewis
2209:
2205:
2200:
2197:
2192:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2176:
2173:
2168:
2164:
2160:
2156:
2151:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2123:
2119:
2116:
2112:
2108:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2096:Flora MacNeil
2093:
2089:
2085:
2080:
2077:
2071:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2057:
2053:
2049:
2048:Christmas Day
2045:
2041:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2020:
2018:
2014:
2009:
2007:
2003:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1987:
1982:
1980:
1976:
1971:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1947:
1942:
1938:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1913:
1909:
1904:
1902:
1897:
1892:
1887:
1882:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1841:
1840:
1817:
1806:
1804:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1780:
1776:
1769:
1767:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1751:
1748:
1745:According to
1743:
1741:
1737:
1733:
1728:
1725:
1720:
1716:
1712:
1702:
1682:
1680:
1677:
1669:
1661:
1649:
1648:
1645:
1643:
1642:mother-tongue
1622:
1617:
1608:Around 1880,
1606:
1604:
1600:
1596:
1592:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1579:Great Britain
1575:
1573:
1569:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1553:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1537:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1501:
1479:
1478:
1477:An Solus IĂšil
1472:
1471:United Church
1451:
1445:
1438:
1433:
1412:
1411:
1405:
1401:
1400:
1395:
1374:
1359:Woodland Walk
1346:
1340:
1336:
1334:
1330:
1326:
1322:
1318:
1313:
1311:
1307:
1303:
1302:Codroy Valley
1299:
1295:
1290:
1288:
1284:
1280:
1276:
1272:
1268:
1264:
1263:mother tongue
1259:
1257:
1256:
1251:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1226:
1218:
1212:
1206:
1202:
1200:
1196:
1192:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1172:
1171:First Nations
1167:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1117:
1116:First Nations
1113:
1109:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1080:
1079:Charlottetown
1076:
1071:
1069:
1065:
1061:
1058:appointed to
1057:
1053:
1049:
1045:
1040:
1038:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1013:
1011:
1007:
1003:
999:
995:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
949:
944:
941:
935:
933:
928:
922:
916:
914:
910:
906:
902:
899:, the former
898:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
803:
799:
795:
791:
786:
782:
780:
776:
772:
768:
764:
759:
757:
753:
749:
741:
737:
732:
728:
726:
722:
718:
709:
705:
697:
695:
693:
689:
688:First Nations
684:
682:
678:
674:
670:
665:
663:
659:
654:
652:
648:
644:
640:
637:
633:
625:
622:
618:
614:
610:
606:
602:
594:
592:
590:
586:
582:
578:
577:Codroy Valley
574:
570:
569:New Brunswick
566:
563:, where many
562:
558:
554:
550:
548:
539:
537:
535:
534:Isle of Lewis
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
477:GĂ idhealtachd
474:
469:
467:
463:
459:
455:
450:
445:
443:
439:
435:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
402:
397:
392:
390:
386:
382:
378:
373:
367:
362:
358:
354:
350:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
323:
317:
307:
306:the Maritimes
301:
296:
290:
288:
284:
280:
276:
274:
270:
267:
264:
262:
261:
256:
252:
249:
244:
239:
235:
231:
228:
224:
218:
208:
205:
204:
203:
200:
199:
198:
195:
194:
193:
189:
183:
169:
166:
165:
164:
161:
160:
159:
156:
155:
154:
151:
150:
149:
146:
145:
144:
143:Indo-European
140:
136:
130:
126:
121:) (2016)
120:
116:
113:
109:
106:
103:
100:
96:
93:
89:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
68:
64:
60:
56:
54:Pronunciation
52:
48:
43:
36:
31:
26:
22:
6770:
6747:
6673:nan GĂ idheal
6661:BBC GĂ idhlig
6647:Broadcasting
6561:ClĂŹ GĂ idhlig
6518:Dictionaries
6456:
6398:Middle Irish
6373:Proto-Celtic
6304:
6291:
6251:Plautdietsch
6225:
5912:Inuvialuktun
5653:
5642:. Retrieved
5638:
5616:
5599:
5586:
5568:
5545:
5519:
5501:SĂŠamus Ennis
5496:
5415:
5374:
5359:(in English)
5350:(in English)
5298:
5288:
5283:
5272:
5267:(in English)
5258:
5240:
5216:(in English)
5207:
5152:(in English)
5140:(in English)
5111:(in English)
5101:
5097:(in English)
5087:
5083:(in English)
5073:
5054:. Retrieved
5048:
5041:
5016:
5012:
4964:. Retrieved
4960:the original
4949:
4938:. Retrieved
4908:. Retrieved
4901:the original
4867:. Retrieved
4863:
4854:
4843:. Retrieved
4838:
4829:
4818:. Retrieved
4812:
4802:
4791:. Retrieved
4787:the original
4777:
4766:. Retrieved
4762:
4752:
4740:
4730:
4722:
4717:
4705:
4694:. Retrieved
4690:the original
4679:
4667:
4655:
4643:
4632:
4623:
4617:
4609:
4604:
4595:
4589:
4578:. Retrieved
4574:the original
4563:
4551:
4520:. Retrieved
4511:
4501:
4492:
4488:
4478:
4467:. Retrieved
4457:
4446:. Retrieved
4435:
4418:
4414:
4410:
4404:
4381:
4374:
4362:
4350:
4338:
4327:. Retrieved
4316:
4304:. Retrieved
4298:
4288:
4253:
4248:
4236:
4224:
4168:. Retrieved
4161:the original
4117:. Retrieved
4107:
4096:. Retrieved
4092:the original
4081:
4070:. Retrieved
4066:the original
4027:
4023:
4017:
4005:
3996:
3986:
3977:
3971:
3952:
3946:
3935:. Retrieved
3931:
3921:
3910:. Retrieved
3906:
3896:
3885:
3874:
3862:
3850:
3839:
3828:
3817:. Retrieved
3813:the original
3757:February 21,
3755:. Retrieved
3698:Bungi Creole
3677:
3672:Steòrnabhagh
3662:Bhancoubhair
3579:Newfoundland
3568:Sable Island
3525:
3523:
3508:Baile an Iar
3436:Giant's Lake
3409:Am Baile Mòr
3391:
3389:
3341:Abhainn Mhòr
3330:Baile Shidni
3191:Ainslie Glen
3146:SiĂšdaig MhĂłr
3077:
3075:
3041:
3037:
3036:
3024:
3017:
3011:
3004:
2991:
2984:
2974:
2970:
2963:
2955:
2948:
2941:
2931:
2922:
2915:
2909:
2902:
2896:
2889:
2883:
2879:taigh-obrach
2876:
2870:
2863:
2858:phrasal noun
2857:
2850:
2845:phrasal noun
2844:
2837:
2832:phrasal noun
2831:
2824:
2819:phrasal noun
2818:
2814:sia sgillinn
2811:
2802:phrasal noun
2801:
2797:trĂŹ sgillinn
2794:
2776:
2769:
2763:
2756:
2738:
2733:seantaichean
2730:
2722:
2712:
2705:
2695:
2688:
2682:
2675:
2669:
2662:
2656:
2649:
2626:, where the
2605:
2579:
2571:Isle of Eigg
2566:glug Eigeach
2528:
2513:
2505:
2454:
2444:
2434:
2430:
2426:Saint Mary's
2418:
2410:
2382:
2378:
2343:
2331:
2312:
2305:
2302:
2298:
2272:
2259:
2253:
2201:
2188:
2186:
2177:
2152:
2104:
2081:
2072:
2024:winter sport
2021:
2010:
2006:Golden Gaels
1983:
1960:
1954:
1944:
1934:
1919:
1910:speakers of
1905:
1900:
1890:
1876:
1864:
1807:
1784:
1752:
1744:
1729:
1711:World War II
1708:
1684:
1651:
1607:
1587:
1576:
1574:of English.
1565:
1543:
1540:vanity press
1521:
1473:-affiliated
1397:
1341:
1337:
1329:Lake Ainslie
1314:
1291:
1287:Newfoundland
1260:
1253:
1237:British Army
1222:
1186:
1168:
1156:
1093:
1072:
1041:
1014:
980:
945:
936:
917:
909:Clan MacLean
903:to the 15th
889:John MacLean
856:
845:Isle of Skye
840:
833:Lord Selkirk
806:
790:romanticised
766:
760:
745:
701:
685:
666:
655:
629:
613:Middle Irish
551:
543:
540:Distribution
524:at the 2011
510:Bardic Crown
506:John MacLean
500:, including
470:
446:
430:modern Irish
426:Middle Irish
399:
393:
380:
352:
348:
347:
319:
273:Linguasphere
265:
258:
202:Middle Irish
167:
92:Newfoundland
6582:Legislation
6501:Orthography
6413:Renaissance
6089:Assiniboine
5978:Bella Coola
5897:Inuinnaqtun
4725:, page 821.
4495:(1): 81â82.
4367:Newton 2015
4355:Newton 2015
4343:Newton 2015
4229:Newton 2015
4010:Newton 2015
3652:Calgarraidh
3632:Bronsuic Ăr
3600:Eilean Eòin
3552:Nova Scotia
3462:New Glasgow
3336:Grand River
3303:Loch Lomond
3248:Englishtown
3201:Craigmore:
3180:Whycocomagh
3163:An Drochaid
2992:verbal noun
2987:a' wondradh
2926:common loon
2853:còig tastan
2369:Nova Scotia
2233:Nova Scotia
2181:Ach an cuan
2157:-born Bard
2107:Nova Scotia
2088:Cape Breton
1930:Cape Breton
1875:to lampoon
1603:linguistics
1552:oral poetry
1435: [
1294:Cape Breton
1250:Nova Scotia
1060:Nova Scotia
932:seanchaithe
881:Cape Breton
877:Nova Scotia
835:'s settler
817:Cape Breton
802:R. R. McIan
647:Highlanders
454:Nova Scotia
396:Nova Scotia
334:instead of
312: 1850
186:Early forms
84:Nova Scotia
6816:Categories
6783:Road signs
6684:Publishers
6670:BBC Radio
6638:(sporadic)
6630:(sporadic)
6615:Newspapers
6506:Literature
5988:Halkomelem
5801:Athabaskan
5791:Potawatomi
5728:Algonquian
5644:October 9,
5056:2007-06-02
4966:2006-09-01
4940:2006-09-12
4910:2006-09-12
4869:2023-04-19
4845:2023-04-19
4820:2023-04-19
4793:2006-10-20
4768:2006-04-26
4696:2006-09-12
4580:2007-05-05
4522:5 November
4516:SoundCloud
4469:2006-09-12
4448:2006-10-18
4421:: 77â104.
4329:2006-08-30
4306:October 9,
4268:. pp. 186.
4170:2006-08-30
4119:2017-06-29
4098:2006-08-30
4072:2006-08-30
3997:The Herald
3937:2023-11-06
3912:2023-11-06
3819:2006-08-30
3732:References
3556:Alba Nuadh
3494:Stellarton
3478:Glaschu Ăr
3425:Broad Cove
3405:Antigonish
3297:Am Pòn Mòr
3281:Grand Mira
3242:Baile Anna
3223:Sanndraigh
3130:Long Point
3113:An Sithean
2994:wondering.
2639:Vocabulary
2542:shibboleth
2394:road signs
2375:Government
2365:Antigonish
2206:, held at
2130:Antigonish
2068:ice hockey
2064:ice skates
1928:cook from
1869:guilt trip
1865:Mac-Talla'
1799:Antigonish
1298:Antigonish
1255:The Casket
1252:newspaper
1245:Ross-shire
1233:Kincardine
1227:, was the
901:Chief Bard
865:Glen Spean
813:South Uist
775:Loch Broom
769:landed in
767:The Hector
708:New France
681:Hudson Bay
651:Port Royal
387:spoken in
379:simply as
279:50-AAA-acp
6696:Akerbeltz
6527:Official
6416:(present)
6393:Old Irish
6256:Ukrainian
6191:Cantonese
6056:KwakĘźwala
5955:Tuscarora
5922:Iroquoian
5902:Inuktitut
5874:TsuutĘźina
5824:Chipewyan
5819:Chilcotin
5746:Blackfoot
5741:Algonquin
5524:Stornoway
5273:Mac-Talla
5208:Leugh Seo
4710:Ross 2011
4411:Mac-Talla
4258:Edinburgh
3658:Vancouver
3504:Westville
3390:Names in
3270:Big Beach
3102:Inverness
3076:Names on
3027:garbage (
2522:Phonology
2508:phonology
2455:In 2021,
2415:Education
2390:education
2355:Vancouver
2351:Vancouver
2319:Glengarry
2208:Stornoway
2060:Candlemas
1901:Mac-Talla
1891:Mac-Talla
1877:Mac-Talla
1839:Mac-Talla
1793:in 1939.
1618:, wrote "
1591:Lunenburg
1568:prejudice
1444:Mac-Talla
1410:Mac-Talla
1315:In 1890,
1241:Australia
1148:Saulteaux
1104:Red River
1094:In 1812,
1033:at church
807:The poet
794:Victorian
763:Hebridean
736:Helmsdale
636:privateer
630:In 1621,
609:Old Irish
530:Stornoway
260:Glottolog
248:ISO 639-3
197:Old Irish
102:Canadians
98:Ethnicity
6801:Category
6717:Ăr-sgeul
6654:BBC Alba
6480:Alphabet
6425:Dialects
6383:Goidelic
6186:Mandarin
6041:Ditidaht
6033:Wakashan
6023:Thompson
6018:Squamish
6008:shĂshĂĄlh
5998:Okanagan
5993:Lillooet
5970:Salishan
5945:Onondaga
5879:Tutchone
5834:GwichĘźin
5544:(2015).
5249:Part Two
5245:Part One
5198:Archived
4427:45048889
3687:See also
3622:An Tuirc
3450:Halafacs
3292:Big Pond
3237:St Ann's
3091:Glendale
3053:sgiobhag
3047:sguabach
3007:boomaler
2952:meaning.
2899:a feast.
2772:ponndadh
2759:smuglair
2708:sgeatadh
2544:, where
2440:St. Anns
2315:Maxville
2270:(2015).
2163:Glenbard
2118:linguist
2115:American
2002:football
1854:The Echo
1803:Scotland
1791:St Ann's
1593:Senator
1572:prestige
1425:The Echo
1225:Dingwall
1159:Anglican
1128:Orcadian
1124:Highland
1108:Manitoba
1021:Stormont
994:Patriots
991:American
869:Lochaber
740:Scotland
634:allowed
581:Manitoba
483:and the
422:Scotland
410:Goidelic
340:Help:IPA
158:Goidelic
111:Speakers
6701:Birlinn
6529:support
6494:Writing
6472:Grammar
6360:History
6221:Italian
6201:Spanish
6196:Punjabi
6120:Tlingit
6115:Kutenai
6105:Beothuk
6013:Shuswap
6003:Saanich
5960:Wyandot
5907:Inupiaq
5869:Tahltan
5814:Carrier
5776:Naskapi
5766:Miękmaq
5736:Abenaki
5706:English
5513:Birlinn
5495:(1990)
5068:Sources
4062:"MĂŠtis"
4044:2947108
3809:"Scots"
3562:Alba Ăr
3514:Trenton
3446:Halifax
3419:Ărasaig
3415:Arisaig
3210:Baddeck
3141:Judique
2944:poidhle
2892:bangaid
2782:bualadh
2597:rounded
2466:
2398:Mi'kmaq
2323:Ontario
2287:mystic
2216:crowned
2210:on the
2134:dialect
1979:Acadian
1893:') and
1848:
1824:
1764:Baddeck
1736:fishery
1734:or the
1629:
1508:
1486:
1458:
1419:
1381:
1353:
1321:Senator
1271:English
1199:extinct
1132:English
1120:Lowland
1068:Glasgow
1025:bullock
946:In the
883:and in
849:Belfast
725:British
673:trading
595:History
585:Alberta
561:Ontario
438:English
336:Unicode
6736:Topics
6592:(past)
6216:German
6211:Arabic
6170:Michif
6155:Bungee
6079:Stoney
6071:Siouan
6046:Haisla
5950:Seneca
5940:Oneida
5935:Mohawk
5930:Cayuga
5864:Tagish
5859:Slavey
5854:Sekani
5849:Nicola
5829:Dogrib
5786:Ottawa
5781:Ojibwe
5771:Munsee
5711:French
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3638:Quebec
3526:Canada
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3369:An Gut
3325:Sydney
3220:Iona:
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3185:Hogama
3030:sgudal
3020:sgudal
2932:
2827:tastan
2744:dolair
2623:-annan
2619:ending
2557:Polish
2546:broad
2424:, and
2058:, and
2028:shinty
1861:Sydney
1762:, and
1528:Orwell
1404:Sydney
1327:(born
1308:; and
1275:French
1269:after
1229:Factor
1191:pidgin
1179:Angloâ
1150:, and
1144:Ojibwe
1140:French
1126:, and
1100:colony
1029:butter
1010:Quebec
893:Caolas
792:early
771:Pictou
664:rule.
662:French
619:, and
489:Quebec
442:French
401:Hector
381:Gaelic
148:Celtic
76:Region
70:Canada
40:Gaelic
6764:Music
6759:Names
6691:Acair
6607:Media
6110:Haida
6098:other
6084:Sioux
5983:Comox
5889:Inuit
5844:Kaska
5029:JSTOR
4934:(PDF)
4904:(PDF)
4897:(PDF)
4423:JSTOR
4386:(PDF)
4164:(PDF)
4157:(PDF)
4040:JSTOR
3709:Notes
3453:, or
3152:Mabou
3038:skiff
2977:turas
2958:triop
2806:pence
2729:(pl.
2725:seant
2691:dreag
2665:mogan
2652:lodan
2593:/nĚŞË /
2591:When
2548:/lĚŞË /
2479:Mabou
2155:Tiree
2100:Gaels
2092:Barra
2042:upon
2040:Gaels
1908:black
1732:mines
1715:Nazis
1614:from
1526:from
1439:]
1392:) in
1323:from
1283:Irish
1279:Irish
1187:Bungi
1185:" or
1152:MĂŠtis
905:Chief
897:Tiree
873:Mabou
825:Morar
692:MĂŠtis
553:Gaels
520:) by
292:gd-CA
230:Latin
123:L1 +
105:Gaels
6769:The
6708:CLĂR
6622:DĂ na
5756:Innu
5751:Cree
5646:2019
5555:ISBN
5484:ISBN
5476:ISBN
5468:ISBN
5460:ISBN
5452:ISBN
5444:ISBN
5436:ISBN
5428:ISBN
5420:ISBN
5403:ISBN
5395:ISBN
5387:ISBN
5379:ISBN
5247:and
4744:News
4524:2018
4390:ISBN
4308:2019
3957:ISBN
3759:2019
3157:MĂ bu
3042:noun
3025:noun
3012:noun
2971:noun
2966:trup
2949:noun
2923:noun
2910:noun
2897:noun
2884:noun
2871:noun
2866:stòr
2777:verb
2764:noun
2739:noun
2713:verb
2696:noun
2683:noun
2670:noun
2657:noun
2629:-nn-
2506:The
2463:lit.
2404:and
2289:Rumi
2285:Sufi
2076:blas
1903:').
1845:lit.
1821:lit.
1626:lit.
1505:lit.
1483:lit.
1455:lit.
1416:lit.
1378:lit.
1350:lit.
1273:and
1136:Cree
1077:and
913:Coll
583:and
504:and
456:and
440:and
287:IETF
266:None
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6773:Mòd
5839:Hän
5021:doi
4742:CBC
4032:doi
3603:or
3586:or
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3110:or
3050:or
2962:or
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2750:not
2607:nĚŞË
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