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Most cattle have black, brown or russet coats with a lighter coloured topline, udder and muzzle; shades varying between black and brown comprise the colouring for other parts of their bodies. When calves are first born they have light coat colours, and following 4 months of age coat colouration, the
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The main use of
Canadienne cattle is for milk production. They are efficient milk producers; their milk contains high levels of butterfat and protein, making it an excellent choice for cheese production. They have also been raised for meat production; meat produced by these animals tends to be lean.
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The
Canadienne breed is small to medium-sized; cows weigh between 400 and 500 kg and bulls weigh on average 800 kg. This breed has been developed to survive in the harsh Canadian environment. Their small size makes this breed an excellent candidate for intensive pasture management as well
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In 1850, the
Canadian Parliament discovered that the vast majority of cattle in Quebec were Canadienne, so they began to discourage its breeding and soon the breed received competition from other breeds. In 1886, a couple of men created a herd book; the French Canadian Cattle Breeder's Association
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as it allows for the animals to remain on pasture for longer periods of time in early spring and late fall because their light weight does not cause as much damage to the soil compared to heavier breeds. If horns are present, they will be long and upturned with darker coloured tips.
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and
Brittany regions of France in the 1600s. The breeds that came in are unknown; the melting-pot effect took over until the breed took on its own appearance and type. It is believed that Canadienne cattle come from the same general ancestry as
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have become the most common types of cattle in Canada. The
Canadienne, though still found on farms and ranches across the nation, is now comparatively rare except in certain areas of the province of
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genetics. The use of Brown Swiss genetics was uncontrolled and had to be stopped to preserve the purity of
Canadienne cattle. In 1999, the Canadienne cow was given official heritage status by the
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cattle. They developed into a hardy, compact dairy breed that could survive the harsh environment of Quebec. The cattle also provided draught work and meat, which was important to the colonists.
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In the early 1970s, the
Ministry of Agriculture became concerned about inbreeding within the Canadienne breed and the lack of improvement in milk production, so they introduced
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was formed in 1895 to prevent the breed from becoming extinct. The breed later gained recognition in 1901 for being the most profitable dairy breed in the Pan-American show in
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42:. The Canadienne were the most common breed of domestic cattle in Canada until the late 19th century, when other breeds began to displace them. Today, the
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54:. Efforts by an active breed society and the Quebec government have been made in recent years to preserve the breed from extinction.
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Genetic
Diversity among Canadienne, Brown Swiss, Holstein and Jersey cattle based on mitochondrial D-loop sequence variation
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214:"Breeds of Livestock - Canadienne Cattle — Breeds of Livestock, Department of Animal Science"
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The
Canadienne breed can be traced back to cattle in present-day Quebec that came from the
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The
Association for the Development of the Canadienne Cattle Breed in Charlevoix
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Their hardiness and quiet nature made them good animals to use for farmwork.
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and its breeding program is supported to preserve the breed.
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Association de mise en valeur des bovins de race canadienne
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Conservation Priority Breeds of the Livestock Conservancy
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241:"The Canadienne Cow - Characteristics of the Breed"
190:"Heritage Breeds - Cattle | Beyond Factory Farming"
283:Canadian Farm Animal Genetic Resources Foundation
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454:on their Conservation Priority Lists (
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342:Milking Devon / Shorthorn
245:www.vachecanadienne.com
273:Beyond Factory Farming
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167:Canadian Speckle Park
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285:Retrieved 2009-11-08
278:Breeds of Livestock
218:www.ansi.okstate.edu
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476:Dairy cattle breeds
23:A Canadienne heifer
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28:Canadienne cattle
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32:dairy cattle
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92:Brown Swiss
470:Categories
393:Recovering
370:Pineywoods
363:Threatened
332:Canadienne
250:2016-12-03
223:2016-12-03
199:2016-12-03
173:References
440:Corriente
435:Chinampo
325:Critical
140:See also
69:Guernsey
64:Normandy
48:Holstein
44:Hereford
58:History
73:Jersey
52:Quebec
40:Canada
36:Canada
407:Study
379:Watch
77:Kerry
102:Uses
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