947:
935:
923:
959:
971:
911:
812:. He recalled a discussion he had with Sir Harry White, Australia's first National Librarian, whose friend, Norman Tritton, was Prime Minister Menzies' Private Secretary. Menzies sent Tritton to the crash site to find out the details. Tritton had told White that he had been allowed access to the crash site itself, and the body of Fairbairn was still strapped into the pilot's seat. Wooldridge discussed the matter with White early in his tenure as a politician, and said that White kept the secret for 50 years, and he did for another 30 years.
519:
507:
142:
465:
739:
personal belongings, White by his general's insignia, Street by a signet ring, and
Gullett by his dentures; Fairbairn and Elford were identified by previous injuries. The four military passengers were identified with the assistance of Group Captain Douglas Wilson, who did not know them personally. Wilson used a process of elimination based on the victims' uniforms and positions within the plane.
38:
389:. It was the first Hudson in the RAAF to be fitted out with passenger seating, to be reserved for transporting "essential maintenance stores and personnel to advanced operational bases", as well as ministerial traffic when required. On 9 August, the station administrative officer at RAAF Laverton received instructions to prepare a flight to Canberra on 13 August, to be reserved for
998:, the son of one of the victims, Butt told him that he had been "prevented from trying to save several men whom he believed were still alive". Butt's daughter Edna Byrne recalled that her father had seen men "panicking at the windows". However, Butt was never formally interviewed and this account is contradicted by the sworn testimony of several other eyewitnesses.
495:, as well as several Air Force tenders, arrived soon afterwards and fire extinguishers were played on the blazing wreckage. After about half-an-hour, when the blaze had died down, it was seen that the entire undercarriage, wings and structural supports of the plane had been torn away and were a smouldering mass in which were the charred bodies of those on board."
393:, the air and civil aviation minister. The aircraft had 7 hours and 10 minutes of flying time, of which 2 hours and 35 minutes had been completed by Lockheed test pilots. A daily inspection was completed on the morning of the flight and signed off by the pilot Bob Hitchcock. At 8.47 a.m. he and three crew members left RAAF Laverton for
743:
when the plane hit the ground". This conclusion contradicted initial newspaper reports that the victims had been killed by the post-crash fire. There is anecdotal evidence that at least one eyewitness believed there were still people alive after the crash. However, no evidence of that nature was brought before the inquest.
742:
Based on
Mackellar's evidence, Goodwin concluded "I am of the opinion that the men were killed before the plane was burnt". He determined that in each case the "immediate cause of death" was a fractured skull. Mackellar had attested that it would be "fairly safe to assume that all ten men were killed
667:
and still enjoyed flying. It has always been suspected that he may have persuaded the RAAF crew to allow him to fly the plane into
Canberra. A week before the accident, Fairbairn told an Adelaide headmaster, "Hudson bombers have a rather nasty stalling characteristic.... From what I have been told, a
738:
with limited experience in forensic medicine, and faced difficulties in distinguishing between the victims' bodies which had been burned beyond recognition. The six civilian passengers were identified with the assistance of Street's private secretary Percy Hayter. Thornthwaite was identified by his
824:
the next day. "For my three colleagues were my close and loyal friends. Each of them had a place not only in the
Cabinet but in my heart". Although Menzies was not in fact close to Fairbairn personally or politically, Street and Gullett were among his closest supporters, and Gullett was a trusted
1639:
578:
A journalist until his enlistment in 1916, Gullett became
Australia's official war correspondent for the AIF in Palestine in 1918. He was elected to Parliament in 1925, becoming Deputy Leader of the Opposition from 1929 to 1930, Minister for Trade and Customs from 1928 to 1929 and 1932 to 1933,
400:
Fairbairn had been working at his departmental headquarters in
Melbourne and requested the flight in order to attend an important cabinet meeting on defence policy, which would discuss the allocation of Australian resources in the war. It had been called partially in response to a telegram from
323:
783:. Lachal's report went into more depth and consideration of technical detail, but reached the same conclusion, that the crash was "due to the aircraft stalling when approaching the aerodrome to land" and that "the accident was due to an error of judgment on the part of the pilot".
828:
In the wake of the loss of three senior
Cabinet ministers, Menzies was forced to reshuffle his ministry. The Cabinet was permanently weakened by their loss, and that was a factor undermining Menzies's position in the following months. One of those promoted in the reshuffle was
486:
to circle the drome, and then rise and head south. It disappeared behind a low tree-dotted hill. There was an explosion and a sheet of flame, followed by a dense cloud of smoke... The
Canberra Fire Brigade and ambulances from Canberra and
2318:
771:, submitted a report on 16 August which concluded that the immediate cause of the accident was a stall. It concluded that there was "no option but to attribute the stall to an error of judgment on the part of the pilot". The
668:
pilot coming in to land can find himself, suddenly and without warning, in a machine that is no longer airborne, heading straight to the ground.... Personally, I think it's only a matter of handling your throttles wisely".
1688:
2353:
2198:
651:
The cause of the crash has always been a mystery, although there has never been any suggestion of enemy action or sabotage. The crash took place at 10:15 a.m. in fine weather, in what the
Melbourne
2328:
1055:
2333:
703:
on its landing approach, resulting in loss of control at a height too low to recover. The aircraft crashed into a hill with great force, killing all occupants instantly, then burning fiercely.
561:
A pastoralist and accomplished aviator who served with the Royal Flying Corps during World War I, Fairbairn was elected to
Federal Parliament in 1933 and became Minister for Civil Aviation and
1681:
620:
Elford, who had a good knowledge of aeronautics, was Fairbairn's private secretary. Wanting to stay overnight in Melbourne to celebrate his first wedding anniversary, he traded places with
2358:
1263:
723:
and the territory's acting coroner. He had been a special magistrate since 1930 and was "experienced in coronial duties". Goodwin was assisted by Thomas Mills, a representative of the
2191:
1697:
1674:
825:
senior adviser. When Menzies attended a memorial gathering at the site on 12 August 1960, 20 years after the crash, he was seen to be still very emotional in recalling the day.
2147:
1862:
2323:
2294:
2288:
2184:
1843:
2120:
1811:
523:
1991:
720:
549:
192:
934:
1835:
970:
1827:
1819:
55:
1647:
1052:
1712:
1564:
946:
910:
922:
2045:
1999:
1921:
1728:
756:
580:
2026:
1325:
790:, who stated "I cannot believe that a pilot of Hitchcock's experience would stall the aircraft under the circumstances which apparently existed".
573:
562:
1276:
1628:
2163:
958:
406:
409:
of the army, navy and air force were also due to be in attendance. Fairbairn invited three other senior officials to join him on the flight –
1227:
614:
and Military Cross for his service during World War I. He was serving as Army Liaison Officer on the General Staff at the time of his death.
474:
425:. Fairbairn's private secretary Dick Elford and White's staff officer Frank Thornthwaite were the two other passengers. Two other ministers,
2363:
1956:
1661:
601:
597:
730:
Goodwin's report, issued on 27 August, accepted the identification of the victims made by Duncan Mackellar, the medical superintendent of
102:
2338:
2276:
1897:
1889:
821:
74:
2112:
760:
2343:
2266:
2155:
2128:
1779:
1755:
1608:
1574:
1073:
121:
1513:
675:, called into question the flying ability of the pilot-in-command, FLTLT Hitchcock. An account of his comments appears in the book
81:
2208:
837:
545:
1534:
1517:
1514:
Pilot of doomed RAAF bomber can finally be revealed - The biggest cover-up in Australian political history is finally revealed.
803:
799:
727:. Mills advised Goodwin that his jurisdiction was limited to determining the identity of the victims and their cause of death.
724:
437:' assistant private secretary Peter Looker had reserved two seats on the flight, but Menzies also preferred to take the train.
1634:
856:, who was one of the two independents who voted to bring down the government in 1941 (then headed by the Country Party leader
2348:
2093:
1309:
59:
565:
in 1939. He was appointed Minister for Air at the onset of World War II, and regained the Civil Aviation portfolio in 1940.
88:
592:
With a background of service with Australian forces in South Africa in 1902–03, White served as Chief of Staff to Generals
548:
in 1938. With the onset of World War II, Street's portfolio was split, and he became Minister for the Army. He gained the
1983:
840:, to avoid the necessity of also holding three by-elections for such a short term. At the election, Fairbairn's seat of
186:
820:
Menzies was deeply affected by the crash, both personally and politically. "This was a dreadful calamity," he told the
600:
during World War I. He became Chief of the General Staff in 1920 and, in 1923, was appointed the first chairman of the
70:
2069:
2053:
1940:
1656:
787:
611:
994:
Jack Butt, a local farmer and former soldier, was one of the first to arrive at the scene of the crash. According to
498:
The plane came down in a paddock on "Dundee", a grazing property of 888 acres (359 ha) owned by Duncan Cameron.
2313:
2018:
374:
350:; and four crew. The aircraft is believed to have stalled on its landing approach, when it was too low to recover.
242:
48:
2256:
1964:
422:
378:
347:
1644:
716:
691:(2013), was reported in 2018 as doubting whether Hitchcock had been at the controls at the time of the crash.
845:
786:
The conclusion of the Murphy and Lachal reports was immediately disputed by the RAAF's Director of Training
731:
593:
583:
and Information from 1939 to 1940, and was appointed vice-president of the Executive Council in March 1940.
518:
506:
141:
2061:
1948:
1787:
865:
354:
833:, recalled from Army service and thus gaining a promotion that eventually led to the Prime Ministership.
1913:
1905:
1803:
1771:
1720:
1297:
772:
764:
249:
95:
433:, were also invited, but declined seats as they had already arranged to take the train. Prime Minister
1580:
1624:
880:
in Fairbairn's honour. Two of the ministers were later followed into federal politics by their sons,
841:
735:
343:
453:
bomber, was flown by an experienced RAAF officer, Flight Lieutenant Robert Hitchcock. The aircraft,
2085:
1293:
1272:
877:
458:
386:
2176:
464:
1870:
836:
As a general election was already due by the end of the year, it was felt prudent to call it for
660:
382:
342:. All ten people on board were killed: six passengers, including three members of the Australian
1666:
2232:
1736:
1604:
1570:
1310:
The 1940 Canberra air disaster that changed history — and the unanswered questions that remain
1069:
849:
752:
483:
402:
2077:
712:
479:
394:
274:
264:
1197:
17:
1795:
1651:
1059:
892:
587:
556:
535:
527:
492:
450:
418:
410:
390:
370:
322:
232:
1521:
1064:
1027:
808:
700:
699:
The Court of Inquiry into the accident found that it was most likely from the aircraft
541:
511:
434:
358:
171:
2307:
857:
775:
separately constituted a three-person Service Court of Inquiry led by Wing Commander
768:
680:
621:
569:
430:
426:
414:
853:
339:
457:, had been in service with the RAAF since 20 June 1940, and was being operated by
1048:
885:
861:
830:
780:
776:
684:
664:
37:
995:
881:
488:
1222:
207:
194:
1019:
446:
1300:, accessed 19 May 2013 (Edited extract from Tink, "Air Disaster Canberra")
610:
An officer in the Australian Army from 1910, Thornthwaite was awarded the
445:
The Ministers and General White, with their staff, were being flown from
335:
182:
608:
Lieutenant Colonel Francis Thornthwaite, Staff Officer to General White.
369:
A16-97, the aircraft involved in the crash, was part of a batch of 100
405:
to Menzies outlining his views on the prospect of war with Japan. The
798:
On 12 August 2020, the day before the 80th anniversary of the crash,
2319:
Aviation accidents and incidents in the Australian Capital Territory
779:
and assisted by Squadron Leader Frederick Stevens and Pilot Officer
671:
More recently the RAAF Historian C. D. Coulthard-Clark, in his book
604:. White returned to the Army as Chief of the General Staff in 1940.
1601:
Air Disaster Canberra: The Plane Crash That Destroyed A Government
1053:
Air Disaster Canberra: the plane crash that destroyed a government
1032:
689:
Air Disaster Canberra: the plane crash that destroyed a government
517:
505:
463:
321:
751:
Being an RAAF flight, responsibility for the crash lay with the
353:
The deaths of the three cabinet ministers severely weakened the
2180:
1670:
1662:
Transcript of interview on ABC Stateline Canberra, 22 June 2007
31:
576:
and Minister in charge of Scientific and Industrial Research.
1353:
1351:
1231:. Vol. LVIII, no. 20396. 13 August 1940. p. 1
2354:
Monuments and memorials in the Australian Capital Territory
1640:
National Archive of Australia search for Fairbairn Memorial
1566:
Ten Journeys to Cameron's Farm : An Australian Tragedy
888:. After the war, a memorial cairn was erected at the site.
468:
Plaque of Memorial Cairn (1960) at the site of the disaster
1132:
1130:
806:
of the Australian Government, wrote a revelatory story in
449:
to Canberra for a Cabinet meeting. The aircraft, a RAAF
544:, Street entered Federal Parliament in 1934 and became
338:, the capital of Australia, on 13 August 1940, during
2329:
Accidental deaths in the Australian Capital Territory
1657:
National Museum of Australia propeller blade exhibit
1076:, Retrieved 17 April 2013 via boffinsbookshop.com.au
2334:
Accidents and incidents involving military aircraft
2139:
2104:
2037:
2010:
1975:
1932:
1881:
1854:
1747:
1704:
763:. The RAAF's Inspectorate of Air Accidents, led by
312:
304:
296:
288:
280:
270:
260:
248:
238:
228:
223:
178:
167:
159:
154:
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1535:"Anthonie Tonnon Unveils Single 'Lockheed Bomber'"
1044:
1042:
683:(Aerospace Publications, Canberra 1992). However,
478:reported: "The plane was seen by watchers at the
2359:20th century in the Australian Capital Territory
848:were retained by the UAP, but Gullett's seat of
1315:, 4 September 2018. Retrieved 4 September 2018.
876:In 1953, the RAAF base at Canberra was renamed
540:A World War I veteran who had been awarded the
1863:Australian National Airways Douglas DC-4 crash
1198:"Lockheed Hudson Mark II Serial Number A16-97"
579:Minister without portfolio from 1934 to 1937,
524:Government of the Australian Capital Territory
2192:
1698:Aviation accidents and incidents in Australia
1682:
1625:National Archives of Australia Fact Sheet 142
721:Australian Capital Territory Advisory Council
8:
134:
1844:Queensland Airlines Lockheed Lodestar crash
2199:
2185:
2177:
2121:Essendon Airport Beechcraft King Air crash
1689:
1675:
1667:
1501:
1489:
1477:
1465:
1453:
1441:
1429:
1417:
1405:
1393:
1381:
1369:
1357:
1342:
1249:
1184:
1172:
1160:
1148:
1136:
1121:
1109:
1097:
1085:
140:
133:
1812:Australian National Airways Stinson crash
633:Flight Lieutenant Robert Edward Hitchcock
538:, Minister for the Army and Repatriation.
526:in 2003, representative of the wing of a
334:was an aircraft crash that occurred near
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
2324:Aviation accidents and incidents in 1940
1992:Barrington Tops Cessna 210 disappearance
1922:MacRobertson Miller Airlines Flight 1750
1326:"Plane Crash 1940: Living with the dead"
1031:. 15 August 1940. p. 2 – via
636:Pilot Officer Richard Frederick Wiesener
624:, who instead took the overnight train.
417:, Minister for Information, and General
1836:MacRobertson Miller Aviation DC-3 crash
1020:"Nation Mourns Victims of Air Disaster"
1011:
987:
906:
574:Vice-President of the Executive Council
563:Vice-President of the Executive Council
326:Two Australian Lockheed Hudsons in 1940
1828:Australian National Airways DC-3 crash
1820:Australian National Airways DC-3 crash
559:, Minister for Air and Civil Aviation.
2148:Coulson Aviation Lockheed C-130 crash
1713:Avro Ten Southern Cloud disappearance
1265:Arthur Fadden: A Political Silhouette
891:In April 2022 the New Zealand artist
361:and contributed to its fall in 1941.
7:
1957:Disappearance of Frederick Valentich
1223:"3 Ministers, 7 Others Die In Crash"
761:Air Accident Investigation Committee
60:adding citations to reliable sources
2046:Australia Beechcraft King Air crash
2000:Alice Springs hot air balloon crash
1898:Trans Australia Airlines Flight 538
1890:Trans Australia Airlines Flight 408
1729:Airlines of Australia Stinson crash
642:Aircraftman Charles Joseph Crosdale
2027:South Pacific Airmotive DC-3 crash
659:James Fairbairn had served in the
656:called "ideal flying conditions".
25:
2164:Coulson Aviation Boeing 737 crash
2209:Aviation accidents and incidents
976:scene with old and new memorials
969:
957:
945:
933:
921:
909:
385:on 20 June 1940 and assigned to
36:
377:(RAAF). It was received by the
47:needs additional citations for
2277:Deutsche Lufthansa Ju-90 crash
679:by Australian aviation writer
639:Corporal John Frederick Palmer
588:General Sir C. Brudenell White
373:bombers newly ordered for the
1:
1292:Andrew Tink (23 March 2013) "
1275:. p. 103. Archived from
590:, Chief of the General Staff.
581:Minister for External Affairs
2267:Brocklesby mid-air collision
2156:Gold Coast mid-air collision
2129:Sydney Seaplanes DHC-2 crash
1984:Advance Airlines Flight 4210
1780:KNILM Douglas DC-3 shootdown
1756:Brocklesby mid-air collision
1563:Hazlehurst, Cameron (2013).
852:was lost to an independent,
757:Department of Civil Aviation
187:Australian Capital Territory
71:"1940 Canberra air disaster"
2364:1940 disasters in Australia
2070:Lockhart River air disaster
2054:Whyalla Airlines Flight 904
1941:Ansett Australia Flight 232
1645:Photo of A16-97 after crash
940:detail of old plaque (1960)
895:released a single entitled
612:Distinguished Service Order
18:Canberra air disaster, 1940
2380:
2339:Royal Australian Air Force
1262:Arklay, Tracey M. (2010).
868:to become prime minister.
794:2020 Wooldridge revelation
514:in 1960 (20th anniversary)
423:Chief of the General Staff
375:Royal Australian Air Force
348:Chief of the General Staff
332:1940 Canberra air disaster
243:Royal Australian Air Force
135:1940 Canberra air disaster
2286:
2257:Lovettsville air disaster
2224:
2094:Pel-Air Westwind ditching
1965:Cessna 188 Pacific rescue
1635:Canberra memorial website
1569:. Canberra: ANU E Press.
536:Brigadier Geoffrey Street
413:, Minister for the Army;
139:
2344:20th century in Canberra
822:House of Representatives
725:Crown Solicitor's Office
1603:. NewSouth Publishing.
899:based on the disaster.
767:with the assistance of
491:, across the border in
2113:Queensland DH.84 crash
2062:QantasLink Flight 1737
1949:Connellan air disaster
1788:Bakers Creek air crash
866:Australian Labor Party
719:, the chairman of the
531:
530:. 1960 memorial behind
515:
469:
355:United Australia Party
327:
27:Air crash in Australia
2349:Landmarks in Canberra
2019:RAAF Boeing 707 crash
1914:Ansett-ANA Flight 149
1906:Ansett-ANA Flight 325
1804:Canal Creek air crash
1764:Canberra air disaster
1599:Tink, Andrew (2013).
1298:Sydney Morning Herald
916:look along the 'wing'
844:and Street's seat of
765:Arthur William Murphy
618:Richard Edwin Elford.
521:
509:
467:
325:
1332:. 11 September 2018.
1058:9 April 2013 at the
928:detail of new plaque
736:general practitioner
602:Public Service Board
546:Minister for Defence
379:No. 1 Aircraft Depot
208:35.3184°S 149.2293°E
56:improve this article
2295:► 1941
2289:1939 ◄
2086:Emirates Flight 407
1650:30 May 2020 at the
1586:on 29 December 2013
1444:, pp. 396–397.
1408:, pp. 410–411.
1345:, pp. 412–413.
1273:Griffith University
1187:, pp. 620–621.
952:old memorial (1960)
747:RAAF investigations
552:portfolio in 1940.
510:Memorial opened by
204: /
136:
2292:
1871:Maroochy air crash
1518:Michael Wooldridge
1396:, p. 408–410.
1239:– via Trove.
800:Michael Wooldridge
734:. Mackellar was a
661:Royal Flying Corps
532:
516:
480:Canberra Aerodrome
470:
451:Lockheed Hudson II
383:RAAF Base Laverton
328:
229:Aircraft type
213:-35.3184; 149.2293
2314:1940 in Australia
2301:
2300:
2247:Canberra disaster
2174:
2173:
1202:pacificwrecks.com
878:Fairbairn Airbase
753:Department of Air
732:Canberra Hospital
715:was conducted by
673:The Third Brother
570:Sir Henry Gullett
484:Air Force station
403:Winston Churchill
320:
319:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2371:
2293:
2219:
2218:
2216:
2201:
2194:
2187:
2178:
2167:
2159:
2151:
2132:
2124:
2116:
2097:
2089:
2081:
2078:Qantas Flight 72
2073:
2065:
2057:
2049:
2030:
2022:
2003:
1995:
1987:
1968:
1960:
1952:
1944:
1925:
1917:
1909:
1901:
1893:
1874:
1866:
1847:
1839:
1831:
1823:
1815:
1807:
1799:
1791:
1783:
1775:
1767:
1759:
1740:
1732:
1724:
1721:Kimberley rescue
1716:
1691:
1684:
1677:
1668:
1614:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1585:
1579:. Archived from
1550:
1549:
1547:
1545:
1531:
1525:
1511:
1505:
1499:
1493:
1487:
1481:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1451:
1445:
1439:
1433:
1427:
1421:
1415:
1409:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1333:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1290:
1284:
1283:
1281:
1270:
1259:
1253:
1247:
1241:
1240:
1238:
1236:
1219:
1213:
1212:
1210:
1208:
1194:
1188:
1182:
1176:
1170:
1164:
1158:
1152:
1146:
1140:
1134:
1125:
1119:
1113:
1107:
1101:
1095:
1089:
1083:
1077:
1068:. 1 April 2013,
1046:
1037:
1036:
1024:
1016:
999:
992:
973:
961:
949:
937:
925:
913:
755:rather than the
713:coronial inquest
707:Coronial inquest
677:Air Crash vol. 2
522:Memorial by the
395:Essendon Airport
275:Canberra Airport
265:Essendon Airport
219:
218:
216:
215:
214:
209:
205:
202:
201:
200:
197:
144:
137:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
2379:
2378:
2374:
2373:
2372:
2370:
2369:
2368:
2304:
2303:
2302:
2297:
2291:
2282:
2281:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2270:
2269:
2264:
2260:
2259:
2254:
2250:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2230:
2220:
2214:
2212:
2207:
2205:
2175:
2170:
2162:
2154:
2146:
2135:
2127:
2119:
2111:
2100:
2092:
2084:
2076:
2068:
2060:
2052:
2044:
2033:
2025:
2017:
2006:
1998:
1990:
1982:
1971:
1963:
1955:
1947:
1939:
1928:
1920:
1912:
1904:
1896:
1888:
1877:
1869:
1861:
1850:
1842:
1834:
1826:
1818:
1810:
1802:
1796:Rewan air crash
1794:
1786:
1778:
1770:
1762:
1754:
1743:
1735:
1727:
1719:
1711:
1700:
1695:
1652:Wayback Machine
1621:
1611:
1598:
1589:
1587:
1583:
1577:
1562:
1559:
1557:Further reading
1554:
1553:
1543:
1541:
1539:UnderTheRadarNZ
1533:
1532:
1528:
1512:
1508:
1502:Hazlehurst 2013
1500:
1496:
1490:Hazlehurst 2013
1488:
1484:
1478:Hazlehurst 2013
1476:
1472:
1466:Hazlehurst 2013
1464:
1460:
1454:Hazlehurst 2013
1452:
1448:
1442:Hazlehurst 2013
1440:
1436:
1430:Hazlehurst 2013
1428:
1424:
1418:Hazlehurst 2013
1416:
1412:
1406:Hazlehurst 2013
1404:
1400:
1394:Hazlehurst 2013
1392:
1388:
1382:Hazlehurst 2013
1380:
1376:
1370:Hazlehurst 2013
1368:
1364:
1358:Hazlehurst 2013
1356:
1349:
1343:Hazlehurst 2013
1341:
1337:
1324:
1323:
1319:
1308:
1304:
1291:
1287:
1282:on 28 May 2018.
1279:
1268:
1261:
1260:
1256:
1250:Hazlehurst 2013
1248:
1244:
1234:
1232:
1221:
1220:
1216:
1206:
1204:
1196:
1195:
1191:
1185:Hazlehurst 2013
1183:
1179:
1173:Hazlehurst 2013
1171:
1167:
1161:Hazlehurst 2013
1159:
1155:
1149:Hazlehurst 2013
1147:
1143:
1137:Hazlehurst 2013
1135:
1128:
1122:Hazlehurst 2013
1120:
1116:
1110:Hazlehurst 2013
1108:
1104:
1098:Hazlehurst 2013
1096:
1092:
1086:Hazlehurst 2013
1084:
1080:
1060:Wayback Machine
1047:
1040:
1022:
1018:
1017:
1013:
1008:
1003:
1002:
993:
989:
984:
977:
974:
965:
962:
953:
950:
941:
938:
929:
926:
917:
914:
905:
897:Lockheed Bomber
893:Anthonie Tonnon
874:
818:
796:
749:
709:
697:
649:
557:James Fairbairn
528:Lockheed Hudson
504:
493:New South Wales
443:
419:Brudenell White
411:Geoffrey Street
407:chiefs of staff
391:James Fairbairn
371:Lockheed Hudson
367:
233:Lockheed Hudson
212:
210:
206:
203:
198:
195:
193:
191:
190:
189:
150:
128:
117:
111:
108:
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2377:
2375:
2367:
2366:
2361:
2356:
2351:
2346:
2341:
2336:
2331:
2326:
2321:
2316:
2306:
2305:
2299:
2298:
2287:
2284:
2283:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2265:
2262:
2261:
2255:
2252:
2251:
2245:
2242:
2241:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2226:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2206:
2204:
2203:
2196:
2189:
2181:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2160:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2137:
2136:
2134:
2133:
2125:
2117:
2108:
2106:
2102:
2101:
2099:
2098:
2090:
2082:
2074:
2066:
2058:
2050:
2041:
2039:
2035:
2034:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1996:
1988:
1979:
1977:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1969:
1961:
1953:
1945:
1936:
1934:
1930:
1929:
1927:
1926:
1918:
1910:
1902:
1894:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1878:
1876:
1875:
1867:
1858:
1856:
1852:
1851:
1849:
1848:
1840:
1832:
1824:
1816:
1808:
1800:
1792:
1784:
1776:
1768:
1760:
1751:
1749:
1745:
1744:
1742:
1741:
1733:
1725:
1717:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1694:
1693:
1686:
1679:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1659:
1654:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1620:
1619:External links
1617:
1616:
1615:
1609:
1596:
1575:
1558:
1555:
1552:
1551:
1526:
1522:The Australian
1506:
1504:, p. 447.
1494:
1492:, p. 446.
1482:
1480:, p. 438.
1470:
1468:, p. 441.
1458:
1456:, p. 241.
1446:
1434:
1432:, p. 412.
1422:
1420:, p. 411.
1410:
1398:
1386:
1384:, p. 408.
1374:
1372:, p. 407.
1362:
1360:, p. 414.
1347:
1335:
1330:Radio National
1317:
1302:
1285:
1271:(PhD thesis).
1254:
1252:, p. 395.
1242:
1214:
1189:
1177:
1175:, p. 619.
1165:
1153:
1141:
1126:
1124:, p. 378.
1114:
1112:, p. 376.
1102:
1100:, p. 377.
1090:
1078:
1065:NewSouth Books
1038:
1028:Canberra Times
1010:
1009:
1007:
1004:
1001:
1000:
986:
985:
983:
980:
979:
978:
975:
968:
966:
963:
956:
954:
951:
944:
942:
939:
932:
930:
927:
920:
918:
915:
908:
904:
901:
873:
870:
817:
814:
809:The Australian
795:
792:
748:
745:
708:
705:
696:
695:Investigations
693:
648:
645:
644:
643:
640:
637:
634:
542:Military Cross
512:Robert Menzies
503:
500:
442:
439:
435:Robert Menzies
387:No. 2 Squadron
366:
363:
359:Robert Menzies
357:government of
318:
317:
314:
310:
309:
306:
302:
301:
298:
294:
293:
290:
286:
285:
282:
278:
277:
272:
268:
267:
262:
258:
257:
252:
246:
245:
240:
236:
235:
230:
226:
225:
221:
220:
180:
176:
175:
169:
165:
164:
163:13 August 1940
161:
157:
156:
152:
151:
145:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2376:
2365:
2362:
2360:
2357:
2355:
2352:
2350:
2347:
2345:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2335:
2332:
2330:
2327:
2325:
2322:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2311:
2309:
2296:
2290:
2285:
2278:
2268:
2258:
2248:
2238:
2236:
2223:
2210:
2202:
2197:
2195:
2190:
2188:
2183:
2182:
2179:
2165:
2161:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2144:
2142:
2138:
2130:
2126:
2122:
2118:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2107:
2103:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2083:
2079:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2051:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2016:
2015:
2013:
2009:
2001:
1997:
1993:
1989:
1985:
1981:
1980:
1978:
1974:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1942:
1938:
1937:
1935:
1931:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1891:
1887:
1886:
1884:
1880:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1859:
1857:
1853:
1845:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1801:
1797:
1793:
1789:
1785:
1781:
1777:
1773:
1769:
1765:
1761:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1750:
1746:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1709:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1692:
1687:
1685:
1680:
1678:
1673:
1672:
1669:
1663:
1660:
1658:
1655:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1643:
1641:
1638:
1636:
1633:
1630:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1612:
1610:9781742233574
1606:
1602:
1597:
1582:
1578:
1576:9781925021011
1572:
1568:
1567:
1561:
1560:
1556:
1540:
1536:
1530:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1515:
1510:
1507:
1503:
1498:
1495:
1491:
1486:
1483:
1479:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1450:
1447:
1443:
1438:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1423:
1419:
1414:
1411:
1407:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1331:
1327:
1321:
1318:
1314:
1311:
1306:
1303:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1286:
1278:
1274:
1267:
1266:
1258:
1255:
1251:
1246:
1243:
1230:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1215:
1203:
1199:
1193:
1190:
1186:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1169:
1166:
1163:, p. 25.
1162:
1157:
1154:
1151:, p. 22.
1150:
1145:
1142:
1139:, p. 24.
1138:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1115:
1111:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1094:
1091:
1088:, p. 29.
1087:
1082:
1079:
1075:
1074:9781742233574
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
1054:
1050:
1045:
1043:
1039:
1034:
1030:
1029:
1021:
1015:
1012:
1005:
997:
991:
988:
981:
972:
967:
960:
955:
948:
943:
936:
931:
924:
919:
912:
907:
902:
900:
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
871:
869:
867:
863:
859:
858:Arthur Fadden
855:
851:
847:
843:
839:
834:
832:
826:
823:
815:
813:
811:
810:
805:
801:
793:
791:
789:
784:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:Henry Winneke
766:
762:
758:
754:
746:
744:
740:
737:
733:
728:
726:
722:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
694:
692:
690:
686:
682:
681:Macarthur Job
678:
674:
669:
666:
662:
657:
655:
646:
641:
638:
635:
632:
631:
630:
629:
625:
623:
622:Arthur Fadden
619:
615:
613:
609:
605:
603:
599:
595:
591:
589:
584:
582:
577:
575:
571:
566:
564:
560:
558:
553:
551:
547:
543:
539:
537:
529:
525:
520:
513:
508:
501:
499:
496:
494:
490:
485:
481:
477:
476:
466:
462:
460:
459:No.2 Squadron
456:
452:
448:
440:
438:
436:
432:
431:Arthur Fadden
428:
427:George McLeay
424:
420:
416:
415:Henry Gullett
412:
408:
404:
398:
396:
392:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
364:
362:
360:
356:
351:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
324:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
276:
273:
269:
266:
263:
261:Flight origin
259:
256:
253:
251:
247:
244:
241:
237:
234:
231:
227:
222:
217:
188:
184:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
153:
149:
143:
138:
126:
123:
115:
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
2246:
2234:
1763:
1737:Kyeema crash
1600:
1588:. Retrieved
1581:the original
1565:
1542:. Retrieved
1538:
1529:
1524:, 2020-08-12
1509:
1497:
1485:
1473:
1461:
1449:
1437:
1425:
1413:
1401:
1389:
1377:
1365:
1338:
1329:
1320:
1312:
1305:
1294:Fatal Flight
1288:
1277:the original
1264:
1257:
1245:
1233:. Retrieved
1226:
1217:
1205:. Retrieved
1201:
1192:
1180:
1168:
1156:
1144:
1117:
1105:
1093:
1081:
1063:
1049:Tink, Andrew
1026:
1014:
990:
896:
890:
875:
860:), allowing
854:Arthur Coles
835:
827:
819:
807:
797:
788:George Jones
785:
750:
741:
729:
717:John Goodwin
710:
698:
688:
687:, author of
676:
672:
670:
658:
653:
650:
627:
626:
617:
616:
607:
606:
586:
585:
568:
567:
555:
554:
550:Repatriation
534:
533:
497:
473:
471:
454:
444:
399:
368:
352:
340:World War II
331:
329:
254:
250:Registration
147:
146:Wreckage of
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
1590:26 December
1207:22 December
964:two plaques
886:Tony Street
862:John Curtin
846:Corangamite
831:Harold Holt
802:, a former
781:George Pape
777:Leon Lachal
685:Andrew Tink
665:World War I
271:Destination
211: /
199:149°13′45″E
2308:Categories
1772:Little Eva
1235:13 January
1228:Daily News
1006:References
996:Jo Gullett
882:Jo Gullett
628:RAAF crew:
502:Casualties
489:Queanbeyan
475:Daily News
472:The Perth
365:Background
305:Fatalities
289:Passengers
196:35°19′06″S
174:on landing
82:newspapers
2237:shootdown
838:September
773:Air Board
447:Melbourne
313:Survivors
281:Occupants
1648:Archived
1313:ABC News
1056:Archived
842:Flinders
804:Minister
759:and its
701:stalling
598:Birdwood
482:and the
346:and the
336:Canberra
239:Operator
224:Aircraft
183:Canberra
155:Accident
112:May 2008
2213: (
2211:in 1940
1629:Archive
903:Gallery
864:of the
816:Effects
663:during
594:Bridges
344:Cabinet
168:Summary
96:scholar
2263:Sep 29
2253:Aug 31
2243:Aug 13
2235:Kaleva
2233:Ju-52
2229:Jun 14
2166:(2023)
2158:(2023)
2150:(2020)
2131:(2017)
2123:(2017)
2115:(2012)
2096:(2009)
2088:(2009)
2080:(2008)
2072:(2005)
2064:(2003)
2056:(2000)
2048:(2000)
2029:(1994)
2021:(1991)
2002:(1989)
1994:(1981)
1986:(1980)
1967:(1978)
1959:(1978)
1951:(1977)
1943:(1972)
1924:(1968)
1916:(1966)
1908:(1961)
1900:(1960)
1892:(1960)
1873:(1950)
1865:(1950)
1846:(1949)
1838:(1949)
1830:(1948)
1822:(1946)
1814:(1945)
1806:(1943)
1798:(1943)
1790:(1943)
1782:(1942)
1774:(1942)
1766:(1940)
1758:(1940)
1739:(1938)
1731:(1937)
1723:(1932)
1715:(1931)
1607:
1573:
1544:18 May
1072:
1023:(scan)
872:Legacy
654:Herald
455:A16-97
255:A16-97
148:A16-97
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
2273:Nov 8
2140:2020s
2105:2010s
2038:2000s
2011:1990s
1976:1980s
1933:1970s
1882:1960s
1855:1950s
1748:1940s
1705:1930s
1584:(PDF)
1280:(PDF)
1269:(PDF)
1033:Trove
982:Notes
850:Henty
647:Cause
441:Crash
172:Stall
103:JSTOR
89:books
2215:1940
1605:ISBN
1592:2013
1571:ISBN
1546:2022
1237:2016
1209:2012
1070:ISBN
884:and
596:and
429:and
330:The
297:Crew
179:Site
160:Date
75:news
1296:".
1062:".
381:at
58:by
2310::
1537:.
1520:,
1516:,
1350:^
1328:.
1225:.
1200:.
1129:^
1041:^
1025:.
711:A
572:,
461:.
421:,
397:.
308:10
284:10
185:,
2217:)
2200:e
2193:t
2186:v
1690:e
1683:t
1676:v
1631:)
1627:(
1613:.
1594:.
1548:.
1211:.
1051:"
1035:.
316:0
300:4
292:6
125:)
119:(
114:)
110:(
100:·
93:·
86:·
79:·
52:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
