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93:. The Dalles was a prime trading location, and the tribes benefited from a vast trade network. United States military expansion in the 1800s brought European diseases, which took a great toll on the Wasco and Wishram populations. Both tribes were forced by the United States in 1855 to sign treaties ceding the majority of their lands. These treaties established the Warm Springs Reservation.
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The
Wishram are known as the Tlakluit and Echeloot. They traditionally settled in permanent villages along the north banks of the Columbia River. In the 1700s, the estimated Wishram population was 1,500. In 1962 only 10 Wishrams were counted on the Washington census. Their main summer and winter
141:(downstream from the other Wasco groups, two groups, one on each side of the Columbia River; the Oregon group were called Gahlawaihih ). The Watlala, whose dialect is the most divergent dialect of the Wasco, may have been a separate tribe though identified as Wasco since 1830.
125:(on the Hood River or Dog River to its mouth into the Columbia River; Lewis and Clark grouped them with the White Salmon River Band and named them Smock-Shop Band of Chil-luck-kit-te-quaw, but they were two separate groups:
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all wreaked havoc upon native fisheries. The government paid money to the tribes to compensate the loss of fish; however, that provided no compensation for the cultural and religious importance that fishing for
174:, the village was located at the far eastern reach of Chinookan lands. The village and the name for its people as ″Wishram″ comes from the neighboring Sahaptin-speaking tribes, which called the village
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The 1855 treaties signed by the Wasco-Wishram provide for the tribes to fish "at all ... usual and accustomed stations in common with the citizens of the United States..." Between 1938 and 1956, the
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family. Currently, there have been no fluent speakers since 2012. The tribe has a language program to revive its use among tribal members of all ages.
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are
Plateau tribes that are closely related and share many cultural aspects of the Northwest Coast tribes. They lived along the banks of the
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held for the tribe. In 1974 a landmark court case confirmed the rights of
Northwest Coast tribes to fish as they have historically done.
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by its residents. It is considered the largest prehistoric
Chinook village site. The site is now part of
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109:. In 1822, their population was estimated to be 900. They were divided into three subtribes: the
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422:. Washington, DC: Smithsonian National Museum of the American Indian, 2004: 41,71, 152-3, 219.
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Both tribes are known for their intricate wood carving, beadwork, and basketry. Wasco-
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First
American Art: The Charles and Valerie Diker Collection of American Indian Art
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takes traditional Wasco-Wishram designs and weaves them into contemporary baskets.
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on the south side of the
Columbia River near The Dalles in Wasco County), the
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in Oregon, called
Ninuhltidih (Curtis) or Kwikwulit (Mooney) and the
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The
Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon.
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The
Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon.
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A Native
American Encyclopedia: History, Culture, and Peoples.
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The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon
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of Oregon have 4,000 enrolled tribal members that are Wasco,
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Wishram woman in bridal garb, 1910. Photo by Edward Curtis
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are two closely related Chinook Indian tribes from the
237:Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation
59:Confederated Tribes and Bands of the Yakama Nation
259:language family, itself a branch of the proposed
353:(retrieved through Google Books, April 9, 2009)
158:village on the Columbia River, Washington, was
345:Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000: 286-7.
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478:Native American tribes in Washington (state)
488:Indigenous peoples of the Northwest Plateau
463:Document: an interview with Chuck Williams
153:Wishram petroglyphs on the Columbia River
369:Access Genealogy: Indian Tribal Records.
178:- ″Spearfish″, and its people therefore
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418:Bernstein, Bruce and Gerald McMaster.
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381:Umatilla Language Online Dictionary
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49:. Today the tribes are part of the
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483:Native American tribes in Oregon
55:Warm Springs Indian Reservation
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101:Wasco comes from the word
445:(retrieved April 9, 2009)
394:(retrieved April 9, 2009)
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168:Columbia Hills State Park
63:Yakama Indian Reservation
127:White Salmon River Band
305:Wasco-Wishram language
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366:Wasco Indian History.
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182:- ″Wishram people″.
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404:Culture: Language.
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129:in Washington and
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443:Craft in America.
428:978-0-295-98403-2
351:978-0-19-513877-1
299:Nelson Wallulatum
277:Pat Courtney Gold
261:Penutian language
176:Wɨ́šx̣am/Wɨ́šx̣aa
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180:Wɨ́šx̣amma
91:The Dalles
67:Washington
289:Chinookan
257:Chinookan
209:steelhead
164:Nixlúidix
283:See also
243:Language
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273:Tlingit
145:Wishram
139:Watlala
89:, near
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73:History
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253:Kiksht
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