1757:
554:
531:
4603:
4978:
4903:
4888:
4678:
4798:
4783:
4858:
4843:
4828:
4813:
4588:
5083:
5038:
5068:
5053:
4753:
4738:
4768:
4963:
4948:
4933:
4918:
4873:
4693:
4723:
4708:
1883:
4618:
5023:
5008:
4993:
4648:
560:
1843:
4663:
4633:
6185:
1743:
1944:, and ML-IAP. XIAP binds and inhibits initiator caspase-9, which is directly involved in the activation of executioner caspase-3. During the caspase cascade, however, caspase-3 functions to inhibit XIAP activity by cleaving caspase-9 at a specific site, preventing XIAP from being able to bind to inhibit caspase-9 activity.
40:
1829:
Caspase-3, in particular, (also known as CPP32/Yama/apopain) is formed from a 32 kDa zymogen that is cleaved into 17 kDa and 12 kDa subunits. When the procaspase is cleaved at a particular residue, the active heterotetramer can then be formed by hydrophobic interactions, causing four anti-parallel
1895:
Caspase-3 is activated in the apoptotic cell both by extrinsic (death ligand) and intrinsic (mitochondrial) pathways. The zymogen feature of caspase-3 is necessary because if unregulated, caspase activity would kill cells indiscriminately. As an executioner caspase, the caspase-3 zymogen has
1838:
that is unique to caspases. When the heterodimers align head-to-tail with each other, an active site is positioned at each end of the molecule formed by residues from both participating subunits, though the necessary Cys-163 and His-121 residues are found on the p17 (larger) subunit.
66:
757:
1816:
share similar substrate specificity by recognizing tetra-peptide motif Asp-x-x-Asp. The C-terminal Asp is absolutely required while variations at other three positions can be tolerated. Caspase substrate specificity has been widely used in caspase based
1792:, termed procaspases, which are inactive until a biochemical change causes their activation. Each procaspase has an N-terminal large subunit of about 20 kDa followed by a smaller subunit of about 10 kDa, called p20 and p10, respectively.
2207:
Gervais FG, Xu D, Robertson GS, Vaillancourt JP, Zhu Y, Huang J, LeBlanc A, Smith D, Rigby M, Shearman MS, Clarke EE, Zheng H, Van Der Ploeg LH, Ruffolo SC, Thornberry NA, Xanthoudakis S, Zamboni RJ, Roy S, Nicholson DW (April 1999).
2710:
Nicholson DW, Ali A, Thornberry NA, Vaillancourt JP, Ding CK, Gallant M, Gareau Y, Griffin PR, Labelle M, Lazebnik YA (July 1995). "Identification and inhibition of the ICE/CED-3 protease necessary for mammalian apoptosis".
3744:
Tamm I, Wang Y, Sausville E, Scudiero DA, Vigna N, Oltersdorf T, Reed JC (December 1998). "IAP-family protein survivin inhibits caspase activity and apoptosis induced by Fas (CD95), Bax, caspases, and anticancer drugs".
1875:, caspase-3 has been found to prefer the peptide sequence DEVDG (Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-Gly) with cleavage occurring on the carboxy side of the second aspartic acid residue (between D and G). Caspase-3 is active over a broad
4602:
1879:
range that is slightly higher (more basic) than many of the other executioner caspases. This broad range indicates that caspase-3 will be fully active under normal and apoptotic cell conditions.
3662:"Protein kinase CK2 inhibitor 4,5,6,7-tetrabromobenzotriazole (TBB) induces apoptosis and caspase-dependent degradation of haematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 (HS1) in Jurkat cells"
4474:
Sykes MC, Mowbray AL, Jo H (February 2007). "Reversible glutathiolation of caspase-3 by glutaredoxin as a novel redox signaling mechanism in tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced cell death".
3893:"Ubiquitin-protein ligase activity of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein promotes proteasomal degradation of caspase-3 and enhances its anti-apoptotic effect in Fas-induced cell death"
4977:
4902:
4887:
4677:
4797:
3082:
Katunuma N, Matsui A, Le QT, Utsumi K, Salvesen G, Ohashi A (2001). "Novel procaspase-3 activating cascade mediated by lysoapoptases and its biological significances in apoptosis".
1904:. This extrinsic activation then triggers the hallmark caspase cascade characteristic of the apoptotic pathway, in which caspase-3 plays a dominant role. In intrinsic activation,
3171:
Moongkarndi P, Srisawat C, Saetun P, Jantaravinid J, Peerapittayamongkol C, Soi-ampornkul R, Junnu S, Sinchaikul S, Chen ST, Charoensilp P, Thongboonkerd V, Neungton N (May 2010).
5123:
4782:
4857:
4842:
4827:
4812:
4587:
3772:
Shin S, Sung BJ, Cho YS, Kim HJ, Ha NC, Hwang JI, Chung CW, Jung YK, Oh BH (January 2001). "An anti-apoptotic protein human survivin is a direct inhibitor of caspase-3 and -7".
5082:
5037:
5067:
5052:
4752:
3709:
Chen YR, Kori R, John B, Tan TH (November 2001). "Caspase-mediated cleavage of actin-binding and SH3-domain-containing proteins cortactin, HS1, and HIP-55 during apoptosis".
1886:
Cys-285 (yellow) and His-237 (green and dark blue) in the active site of caspase-3, p12 subunit in pink and p17 subunit in light blue; image generated in Pymol from 1rhr.pdb
4737:
4767:
2133:
1784:
when it is part of a particular 4-amino acid sequence. This specificity allows caspases to be incredibly selective, with a 20,000-fold preference for aspartic acid over
567:
4962:
4947:
4932:
4917:
4872:
3305:"Molecular ordering of the Fas-apoptotic pathway: the Fas/APO-1 protease Mch5 is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that activates multiple Ced-3/ICE-like cysteine proteases"
1846:
The p12 (pink) and p17 (light blue) subunits of caspase-3 with the beta-sheet structures of each in red and blue, respectively; image generated in Pymol from 1rhm.pdb
4692:
1896:
virtually no activity until it is cleaved by an initiator caspase after apoptotic signaling events have occurred. One such signaling event is the introduction of
4722:
1863:
group of the key aspartate residue, while Cys-163 attacks to ultimately cleave the peptide bond. Cys-163 and Gly-238 also function to stabilize the tetrahedral
5460:
5367:
5188:
4707:
2507:
Agniswamy J, Fang B, Weber IT (September 2007). "Plasticity of S2-S4 specificity pockets of executioner caspase-7 revealed by structural and kinetic analysis".
5537:
2550:
Fang B, Boross PI, Tozser J, Weber IT (July 2006). "Structural and kinetic analysis of caspase-3 reveals role for s5 binding site in substrate recognition".
2622:"CPP32, a novel human apoptotic protein with homology to Caenorhabditis elegans cell death protein Ced-3 and mammalian interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme"
1830:
beta-sheets from p17 and two from p12 to come together to make a heterodimer, which in turn interacts with another heterodimer to form the full 12-stranded
1330:
492:
5116:
1311:
3807:
Lee ZH, Lee SE, Kwack K, Yeo W, Lee TH, Bae SS, Suh PG, Kim HH (March 2001). "Caspase-mediated cleavage of TRAF3 in FasL-stimulated Jurkat-T cells".
4617:
5022:
5007:
4992:
1711:
that undergo proteolytic processing at conserved aspartic residues to produce two subunits, large and small, that dimerize to form the active
4567:
2115:
4647:
2663:"Yama/CPP32 beta, a mammalian homolog of CED-3, is a CrmA-inhibitable protease that cleaves the death substrate poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase"
6205:
5397:
5229:
5109:
3173:"Protective effect of mangosteen extract against beta-amyloid-induced cytotoxicity, oxidative stress and altered proteome in SK-N-SH cells"
2097:
2210:"Involvement of caspases in proteolytic cleavage of Alzheimer's amyloid-beta precursor protein and amyloidogenic A beta peptide formation"
553:
5277:
1768:
Caspase-3 shares many of the typical characteristics common to all currently-known caspases. For example, its active site contains a
1728:
4662:
4632:
1924:
to process procaspase-3. These molecules are sufficient to activate caspase-3 in vitro, but other regulatory proteins are necessary
5904:
4382:
1756:
1579:
530:
4526:
5530:
5357:
5352:
5200:
4400:
Zhao LJ, Zhu H (December 2004). "Structure and function of HIV-1 auxiliary regulatory protein Vpr: novel clues to drug design".
2257:
5282:
2137:
2084:
4197:"Identification of NRF2, a member of the NF-E2 family of transcription factors, as a substrate for caspase-3(-like) proteases"
6060:
2080:
4238:"Serum caspase-3 p17 fragment is elevated in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a novel observation"
1940:
One means of caspase inhibition is through the IAP (inhibitor of apoptosis) protein family, which includes c-IAP1, c-IAP2,
63:
6175:
2368:"Zinc is a potent inhibitor of the apoptotic protease, caspase-3. A novel target for zinc in the inhibition of apoptosis"
2412:"Internally quenched fluorescent peptide substrates disclose the subsite preferences of human caspases 1, 3, 6, 7 and 8"
1976:
472:
5688:
5683:
5523:
5334:
3952:"The anti-apoptotic activity of XIAP is retained upon mutation of both the caspase 3- and caspase 9-interacting sites"
3611:
Xanthoudakis S, Roy S, Rasper D, Hennessey T, Aubin Y, Cassady R, Tawa P, Ruel R, Rosen A, Nicholson DW (April 1999).
1953:
1747:
3564:"Presence of a pre-apoptotic complex of pro-caspase-3, Hsp60 and Hsp10 in the mitochondrial fraction of jurkat cells"
566:
4611:: THE 2.8 ANGSTROM CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CASPASE-3 (APOPAIN OR CPP32)IN COMPLEX WITH AN ISATIN SULFONAMIDE INHIBITOR.
3505:"The dependence receptor DCC (deleted in colorectal cancer) defines an alternative mechanism for caspase activation"
3446:"MRIT, a novel death-effector domain-containing protein, interacts with caspases and BclXL and initiates cell death"
5271:
6045:
2585:
Weber IT, Fang B, Agniswamy J (October 2008). "Caspases: structure-guided design of drugs to control cell death".
559:
6161:
6148:
6135:
6122:
6109:
6096:
6083:
5557:
5500:
4560:
3444:
Han DK, Chaudhary PM, Wright ME, Friedman C, Trask BJ, Riedel RT, Baskin DG, Schwartz SM, Hood L (October 1997).
6055:
6009:
5952:
5554:
5434:
3364:"Role of calpain and caspase system in the regulation of N-myristoyltransferase in human colon cancer (Review)"
2661:
Tewari M, Quan LT, O'Rourke K, Desnoyers S, Zeng Z, Beidler DR, Poirier GG, Salvesen GS, Dixit VM (June 1995).
1801:
1375:
480:
5957:
5748:
5344:
5170:
1356:
1932:) extract has been shown to inhibit the activation of caspase 3 in B-amyloid treated human neuronal cells.
5468:
3999:
Riedl SJ, Renatus M, Schwarzenbacher R, Zhou Q, Sun C, Fesik SW, Liddington RC, Salvesen GS (March 2001).
3852:"TRAF1 is a substrate of caspases activated during tumor necrosis factor receptor-alpha-induced apoptosis"
3036:
Gallaher BW, Hille R, Raile K, Kiess W (September 2001). "Apoptosis: live or die--hard work either way!".
2030:
fragmentation. Elevated levels of a fragment of
Caspase-3, p17, in the bloodstream is a sign of a recent
1921:
1732:
5978:
5897:
5326:
5152:
3850:
Leo E, Deveraux QL, Buchholtz C, Welsh K, Matsuzawa S, Stennicke HR, Salvesen GS, Reed JC (March 2001).
2031:
6050:
3215:"Caspase 3 attenuates XIAP (X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein)-mediated inhibition of caspase 9"
4553:
4110:
3904:
3516:
3457:
3316:
2720:
1735:. Alternative splicing of this gene results in two transcript variants that encode the same protein.
3613:"Hsp60 accelerates the maturation of pro-caspase-3 by upstream activator proteases during apoptosis"
2158:
Alnemri ES, Livingston DJ, Nicholson DW, Salvesen G, Thornberry NA, Wong WW, Yuan J (October 1996).
459:
6014:
5841:
5135:
4539:
2047:
1553:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1520:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1474:
4986:: Extended substrate recognition in caspase-3 revealed by high resolution X-ray structure analysis
4911:: EXTENDED SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION IN CASPASE-3 REVEALED BY HIGH RESOLUTION X-RAY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
4896:: EXTENDED SUBSTRATE RECOGNITION IN CASPASE-3 REVEALED BY HIGH RESOLUTION X-RAY STRUCTURE ANALYSIS
4686:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF APOPAIN WITH THE TETRAPEPTIDE ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR AC-DEVD-CHO
6210:
5947:
4499:
4136:
4030:
3832:
3153:
3061:
2744:
2692:
2532:
2489:
2239:
2189:
504:
3172:
1557:
1498:
1494:
1470:
1449:
1445:
4806:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A 5,6,7 TRICYCLIC PEPTIDOMIMETIC INHIBITOR
2987:
Walters J, Pop C, Scott FL, Drag M, Swartz P, Mattos C, Salvesen GS, Clark AC (December 2009).
5550:
4491:
4462:
4417:
4388:
4378:
4353:
4300:
4259:
4218:
4177:
4128:
4079:
4022:
3981:
3932:
3873:
3824:
3789:
3754:
3726:
3691:
3642:
3593:
3544:
3485:
3426:
3385:
3344:
3285:
3244:
3195:
3145:
3099:
3053:
3018:
2969:
2934:
2889:
2848:
2802:
2736:
2684:
2643:
2602:
2567:
2524:
2481:
2441:
2389:
2345:
2304:
2231:
2181:
452:
56:
3950:
Silke J, Hawkins CJ, Ekert PG, Chew J, Day CL, Pakusch M, Verhagen AM, Vaux DL (April 2002).
2907:
Ghavami S, Hashemi M, Ande SR, Yeganeh B, Xiao W, Eshraghi M, Bus CJ, Kadkhoda K, Wiechec E,
5993:
5988:
5962:
5890:
5861:
5753:
5743:
5738:
5733:
5728:
5515:
4483:
4452:
4442:
4409:
4370:
4343:
4335:
4290:
4249:
4208:
4167:
4156:"X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) inhibits caspase-3 and -7 in distinct modes"
4118:
4069:
4061:
4012:
3971:
3963:
3922:
3912:
3863:
3816:
3781:
3718:
3681:
3673:
3632:
3624:
3583:
3575:
3534:
3524:
3475:
3465:
3416:
3375:
3334:
3324:
3275:
3234:
3226:
3187:
3135:
3091:
3045:
3008:
3000:
2961:
2924:
2879:
2838:
2792:
2784:
2728:
2674:
2633:
2594:
2559:
2516:
2473:
2431:
2423:
2379:
2366:
Perry DK, Smyth MJ, Stennicke HR, Salvesen GS, Duriez P, Poirier GG, Hannun YA (July 1997).
2335:
2294:
2284:
2221:
2171:
1868:
1864:
1818:
646:
577:
521:
5708:
4791:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A CINNAMIC ACID METHYL ESTER INHIBITOR
2989:"A constitutively active and uninhibitable caspase-3 zymogen efficiently induces apoptosis"
1703:) family. Sequential activation of caspases plays a central role in the execution-phase of
500:
6040:
6024:
5937:
4866:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE MICHAEL ACCEPTOR INHIBITORS.
4851:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE MICHAEL ACCEPTOR INHIBITORS.
4836:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE MICHAEL ACCEPTOR INHIBITORS.
4821:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE MICHAEL ACCEPTOR INHIBITORS.
4596:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF APOPAIN WITH THE TETRAPEPTIDE INHIBITOR ACE-DVAD-FMC
4530:
621:
5091:: THE ROLE OF LOOP BUNDLE HYDROGEN BONDS IN THE MATURATION AND ACTIVITY OF (PRO)CASPASE-3
5046:: THE ROLE OF LOOP BUNDLE HYDROGEN BONDS IN THE MATURATION AND ACTIVITY OF (PRO)CASPASE-3
5076:: THE ROLE OF LOOP BUNDLE HYDROGEN BONDS IN THE MATURATION AND ACTIVITY OF(PRO)CASPASE-3
5061:: THE ROLE OF LOOP BUNDLE HYDROGEN BONDS IN THE MATURATION AND ACTIVITY OF(PRO)CASPASE-3
4761:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR
4114:
3908:
3520:
3461:
3320:
2724:
6189:
6078:
6019:
4523:
4487:
4348:
4323:
4074:
4049:
3976:
3951:
3686:
3661:
3637:
3612:
3588:
3563:
3239:
3214:
3013:
2988:
2908:
2797:
2772:
2464:
Salvesen GS (January 2002). "Caspases: opening the boxes and interpreting the arrows".
2436:
2411:
2340:
2323:
2299:
2272:
756:
4457:
4430:
4374:
4017:
4000:
3421:
3404:
3140:
3123:
3095:
2638:
2621:
2226:
2209:
2176:
2159:
2034:. It is now being shown that caspase-3 may play a role in embryonic and hematopoietic
1882:
1245:
1240:
1235:
1230:
1225:
1220:
1215:
1210:
1205:
1200:
1195:
1190:
1185:
1180:
1175:
1170:
1165:
1160:
1155:
1150:
1145:
1140:
1135:
1130:
1125:
1120:
1115:
1110:
1105:
1100:
1095:
1090:
1085:
1080:
1075:
1070:
1065:
1060:
1055:
1050:
1045:
1040:
1035:
1030:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1005:
1000:
995:
990:
985:
980:
975:
970:
965:
960:
955:
950:
945:
940:
935:
930:
914:
909:
904:
899:
894:
889:
884:
868:
863:
858:
853:
848:
843:
838:
833:
828:
823:
818:
813:
808:
803:
798:
6199:
5983:
5942:
5419:
4746:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A PHENYL-PROPYL-KETONE INHIBITOR
3927:
3892:
3539:
3504:
3480:
3445:
3339:
3304:
3303:
Srinivasula SM, Ahmad M, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Litwack G, Alnemri ES (December 1996).
2679:
2662:
2520:
1900:, which can activate initiator caspases, into cells targeted for apoptosis by killer
1835:
1809:
1785:
1781:
1670:
785:
4503:
4034:
3836:
3065:
2696:
2493:
2243:
5932:
5800:
5796:
5257:
5236:
5178:
4776:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A BROMOMETHOXYPHENYL INHIBITOR
4140:
3157:
2748:
2536:
2193:
1909:
1905:
1777:
1661:
for which complete genome data are available. Unique orthologs are also present in
639:
484:
4279:"Rehabilitation of a contract killer: caspase-3 directs stem cell differentiation"
3264:"Caspase-2 induces apoptosis by releasing proapoptotic proteins from mitochondria"
2022:
development as well as its typical role in apoptosis, where it is responsible for
1842:
4971:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE EPOXIDE INHIBITORS.
4956:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE EPOXIDE INHIBITORS.
4941:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE EPOXIDE INHIBITORS.
4926:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE EPOXIDE INHIBITORS.
4881:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURES OF CASPASE-3 IN COMPLEX WITH AZA-PEPTIDE EPOXIDE INHIBITORS.
3503:
Forcet C, Ye X, Granger L, Corset V, Shin H, Bredesen DE, Mehlen P (March 2001).
2273:"Construction and analysis of a modular model of caspase activation in apoptosis"
508:
6156:
6091:
5927:
5871:
5866:
5836:
5820:
5815:
5810:
5805:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5478:
3262:
Guo Y, Srinivasula SM, Druilhe A, Fernandes-Alnemri T, Alnemri ES (April 2002).
2427:
2120:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
2102:
National Center for
Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine
1800:
Under normal circumstances, caspases recognize tetra-peptide sequences on their
1206:
activation of cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
976:
negative regulation of cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase activity
6184:
4295:
4278:
4254:
4237:
4065:
3897:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3509:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3450:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
3309:
Proceedings of the
National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
2952:
Boatright KM, Salvesen GS (December 2003). "Mechanisms of caspase activation".
2598:
679:
5851:
5665:
5634:
5629:
5624:
5619:
5160:
5101:
4701:: Conformational restrictions in the active site of unliganded human caspase-3
4535:
3628:
3579:
2965:
2563:
1897:
1831:
1805:
1724:
538:
488:
5424:
4413:
4050:"The c-IAP-1 and c-IAP-2 proteins are direct inhibitors of specific caspases"
3470:
3329:
2884:
2867:
2384:
2367:
829:
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in execution phase of apoptosis
6130:
6104:
5856:
5763:
5718:
5713:
5703:
5693:
5660:
5614:
5609:
5604:
5599:
5594:
5589:
5579:
5574:
5387:
5317:
5241:
5224:
5143:
5132:
2929:
2912:
2035:
2023:
1961:
1913:
1856:
1855:
The catalytic site of caspase-3 involves the thiol group of Cys-163 and the
1813:
1773:
1720:
1716:
1708:
1704:
1654:
1643:
1639:
1275:
869:
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic signaling pathway
844:
cysteine-type endopeptidase activator activity involved in apoptotic process
605:
592:
496:
4731:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF CASPASE-3 WITH A PRYAZINONE INHIBITOR
4495:
4466:
4447:
4421:
4392:
4304:
4263:
4222:
4213:
4196:
4181:
4172:
4155:
4026:
3985:
3936:
3917:
3877:
3868:
3851:
3828:
3793:
3730:
3722:
3695:
3646:
3597:
3548:
3529:
3389:
3289:
3280:
3263:
3248:
3199:
3149:
3103:
3057:
3022:
2973:
2938:
2852:
2843:
2826:
2806:
2606:
2571:
2528:
2485:
2477:
2445:
2308:
2289:
2235:
1742:
4357:
4132:
4083:
3967:
3758:
3489:
3430:
3380:
3363:
3348:
2893:
2740:
2688:
2647:
2393:
2349:
2185:
1723:; and the protein itself is processed and activated by caspases 8, 9, and
1619:
1614:
5846:
5546:
5483:
5439:
4716:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF CASPASE-3 WITH A NICOTINIC ACID ALDEHYDE INHIBITOR
4195:
Ohtsubo T, Kamada S, Mikami T, Murakami H, Tsujimoto Y (September 1999).
3820:
3049:
1991:
1872:
1860:
1789:
1769:
1603:
1420:
1401:
17:
5675:
5566:
4431:"The Vpr protein from HIV-1: distinct roles along the viral life cycle"
4048:
Roy N, Deveraux QL, Takahashi R, Salvesen GS, Reed JC (December 1997).
3230:
3004:
2052:
1925:
1901:
1700:
1684:
1674:
1635:
1387:
1342:
4339:
3785:
3677:
3191:
429:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
333:
329:
325:
321:
317:
313:
309:
305:
301:
297:
293:
289:
285:
281:
277:
273:
269:
265:
261:
257:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
205:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
97:
93:
89:
85:
6143:
5913:
5723:
5655:
5650:
5429:
5414:
5299:
4519:
4154:
Suzuki Y, Nakabayashi Y, Nakata K, Reed JC, Takahashi R (July 2001).
2788:
2732:
2006:
1917:
1788:. A key feature of caspases in the cell is that they are present as
1712:
1666:
1658:
1587:
1297:
2258:"Entrez Gene: CASP3 caspase 3, apoptosis-related cysteine peptidase"
3562:
Samali A, Cai J, Zhivotovsky B, Jones DP, Orrenius S (April 1999).
1186:
intrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in response to osmotic stress
819:
cyclin-dependent protein serine/threonine kinase inhibitor activity
6117:
5698:
5493:
5488:
5404:
5375:
5294:
4123:
4098:
2057:
2019:
1996:
1986:
1981:
1971:
1881:
1841:
1780:
cleavage of a protein sequence to the carboxy-terminal side of an
824:
cysteine-type endopeptidase activity involved in apoptotic process
3213:
Denault JB, Eckelman BP, Shin H, Pop C, Salvesen GS (July 2007).
2410:
Stennicke HR, Renatus M, Meldal M, Salvesen GS (September 2000).
1260:
1256:
5473:
5409:
5382:
5219:
5212:
5207:
2001:
1966:
1941:
1662:
476:
5886:
5519:
5105:
4549:
4402:
Current Drug
Targets. Immune, Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders
4236:
Agosto M, Azrin M, Singh K, Jaffe AS, Liang BT (January 2011).
39:
4545:
2027:
765:
4626:: CRYSTAL STRUCTURE OF THE COMPLEX OF XIAP-BIR2 AND CASPASE 3
5031:: Crystal structure of caspase-3 with inhibitor Ac-VDVAD-Cho
4099:"X-linked IAP is a direct inhibitor of cell-death proteases"
4097:
Deveraux QL, Takahashi R, Salvesen GS, Reed JC (July 1997).
3405:"Casper is a FADD- and caspase-related inducer of apoptosis"
2620:
Fernandes-Alnemri T, Litwack G, Alnemri ES (December 1994).
1727:. It is the predominant caspase involved in the cleavage of
5016:: Crystal structure of caspase-3 with inhibitor Ac-DMQD-Cho
5001:: Crystal structure of caspase-3 with inhibitor Ac-DEVD-Cho
4367:
Cytostatic p21 G protein-activated protein kinase gamma-PAK
2868:"Biochemical characteristics of caspases-3, -6, -7, and -8"
1876:
5882:
4369:. Vitamins & Hormones. Vol. 62. pp. 167–98.
4001:"Structural basis for the inhibition of caspase-3 by XIAP"
1116:
extrinsic apoptotic signaling pathway in absence of ligand
629:
2913:"Apoptosis and cancer: mutations within caspase genes"
2773:"Caspases: pharmacological manipulation of cell death"
6173:
4656:: Extendend Tethering: In Situ Assembly of Inhibitors
4522:
online database for peptidases and their inhibitors:
2134:"OrthoMaM phylogenetic marker: CASP3 coding sequence"
1086:
negative regulation of activated T cell proliferation
746:
2018:
Caspase-3 has been found to be necessary for normal
6069:
6033:
6002:
5971:
5920:
5829:
5762:
5674:
5643:
5565:
5459:
5452:
5366:
5343:
5325:
5316:
5255:
5187:
5169:
5151:
5142:
3711:
1546:
1493:
1463:
1438:
3891:Suzuki Y, Nakabayashi Y, Takahashi R (July 2001).
2076:
2074:
2072:
576:
3117:
3115:
3113:
3077:
3075:
2820:
2818:
2816:
2771:Lavrik IN, Golks A, Krammer PH (October 2005).
2766:
2764:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2405:
2403:
2271:Harrington HA, Ho KL, Ghosh S, Tung KC (2008).
1750:-R1. Dashed grey lines represent multiple steps
1101:positive regulation of neuron apoptotic process
4671:: Caspase-3 tethered to irreversible inhibitor
4641:: Structure of Casp-3 with tethered salicylate
2361:
2359:
2081:GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000031628
5898:
5531:
5117:
4561:
4242:Journal of the American College of Cardiology
1731:, which is associated with neuronal death in
1241:positive regulation of amyloid-beta formation
8:
1021:cellular response to organic cyclic compound
3403:Shu HB, Halpin DR, Goeddel DV (June 1997).
2277:Theoretical Biology & Medical Modelling
1176:neurotrophin TRK receptor signaling pathway
1141:negative regulation of B cell proliferation
5905:
5891:
5883:
5538:
5524:
5516:
5456:
5322:
5193:
5148:
5124:
5110:
5102:
4568:
4554:
4546:
2866:Stennicke HR, Salvesen GS (October 1997).
2827:"Emerging roles of caspase-3 in apoptosis"
1490:
1271:
781:
617:
516:
74:
4456:
4446:
4347:
4324:"Caspases: the executioners of apoptosis"
4294:
4253:
4212:
4171:
4122:
4073:
4016:
3975:
3926:
3916:
3867:
3685:
3660:Ruzzene M, Penzo D, Pinna LA (May 2002).
3636:
3587:
3538:
3528:
3479:
3469:
3420:
3379:
3338:
3328:
3279:
3238:
3139:
3122:Li P, Nijhawan D, Wang X (January 2004).
3012:
2928:
2883:
2842:
2796:
2678:
2637:
2435:
2383:
2339:
2298:
2288:
2225:
2175:
1859:ring of His-121. His-121 stabilizes the
1760:Pathways leading to caspase 3 activation.
1211:positive regulation of catalytic activity
3362:Selvakumar, P.; Sharma, RK. (May 2007).
1867:of the substrate-enzyme complex through
1755:
1741:
1126:positive regulation of apoptotic process
1071:cellular response to DNA damage stimulus
1031:negative regulation of apoptotic process
6180:
4583:
4277:Abdul-Ghani M, Megeney LA (June 2008).
3124:"Mitochondrial activation of apoptosis"
2825:Porter AG, Jänicke RU (February 1999).
2160:"Human ICE/CED-3 protease nomenclature"
2068:
931:cellular response to organic substance
29:
3134:(2 Suppl): S57–9, 2 p following S59.
2777:The Journal of Clinical Investigation
1776:residue (His-121) that stabilize the
1715:. This protein cleaves and activates
581:
542:
537:
7:
1226:striated muscle cell differentiation
849:aspartic-type endopeptidase activity
834:cysteine-type endopeptidase activity
4160:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3856:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
3268:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2872:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2626:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
2587:Mini Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry
2372:The Journal of Biological Chemistry
1201:cytokine-mediated signaling pathway
971:response to organic cyclic compound
814:phospholipase A2 activator activity
5278:Bcl-2 homologous antagonist killer
4488:10.1161/01.RES.0000258171.08020.72
2341:10.1093/oxfordjournals.bmb.a011623
1543:
1460:
1435:
1411:
1392:
1366:
1347:
1321:
1302:
1191:cellular response to staurosporine
864:protein-containing complex binding
751:
674:
655:
634:
25:
1916:, apoptosis-activating factor 1 (
1729:amyloid-beta 4A precursor protein
1657:have been identified in numerous
1081:response to tumor necrosis factor
1006:negative regulation of cell cycle
951:intracellular signal transduction
463:, CPP32, CPP32B, SCA-1, caspase 3
6183:
5358:Tumor necrosis factor receptor 2
5353:Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1
5201:Death-inducing signaling complex
5081:
5066:
5051:
5036:
5021:
5006:
4991:
4976:
4961:
4946:
4931:
4916:
4901:
4886:
4871:
4856:
4841:
4826:
4811:
4796:
4781:
4766:
4751:
4736:
4721:
4706:
4691:
4676:
4661:
4646:
4631:
4616:
4601:
4586:
4429:Le Rouzic E, Benichou S (2006).
2521:10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.05994.x
900:death-inducing signaling complex
799:cysteine-type peptidase activity
755:
565:
558:
552:
529:
38:
5283:Bcl-2-associated death promoter
2954:Current Opinion in Cell Biology
1236:regulation of protein stability
4201:Cell Death and Differentiation
3038:Hormone and Metabolic Research
2831:Cell Death and Differentiation
2466:Cell Death and Differentiation
1096:response to lipopolysaccharide
766:More reference expression data
1:
4375:10.1016/S0083-6729(01)62004-1
4018:10.1016/S0092-8674(01)00274-4
3422:10.1016/S1074-7613(00)80450-1
3141:10.1016/S0092-8674(04)00031-5
3096:10.1016/S0065-2571(00)00018-2
3084:Advances in Enzyme Regulation
2639:10.1016/S0021-9258(18)47344-9
2227:10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80748-5
2177:10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81334-3
1707:. Caspases exist as inactive
1166:response to hydrogen peroxide
1046:response to organic substance
550:
3809:Journal of Leukocyte Biology
3180:Journal of Proteome Research
2680:10.1016/0092-8674(95)90541-3
2552:Journal of Molecular Biology
1952:Caspase 3 has been shown to
1638:protein that interacts with
1246:anterior neural tube closure
1181:execution phase of apoptosis
1171:regulation of macroautophagy
1061:keratinocyte differentiation
1056:glial cell apoptotic process
6206:Genes on human chromosome 4
5335:Tumor necrosis factor alpha
3956:The Journal of Cell Biology
2917:Journal of Medical Genetics
1231:leukocyte apoptotic process
1136:apoptotic signaling pathway
1131:erythrocyte differentiation
966:apoptotic DNA fragmentation
6227:
4365:Roig J, Traugh JA (2001).
4296:10.1016/j.stem.2008.05.013
4255:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.08.628
2599:10.2174/138955708785909899
1912:works in combination with
1016:response to glucocorticoid
726:superior cervical ganglion
690:medial ganglionic eminence
6061:Michaelis–Menten kinetics
5501:Apoptosis-inducing factor
5196:
4581:
4536:Apoptosis & Caspase 3
2966:10.1016/j.ceb.2003.10.009
2564:10.1016/j.jmb.2006.05.041
2428:10.1042/0264-6021:3500563
2116:"Mouse PubMed Reference:"
2098:"Human PubMed Reference:"
1618:
1613:
1609:
1602:
1586:
1569:
1550:
1517:
1486:
1467:
1442:
1431:
1418:
1414:
1399:
1395:
1386:
1373:
1369:
1354:
1350:
1341:
1328:
1324:
1309:
1305:
1296:
1281:
1274:
1270:
1254:
784:
780:
763:
754:
745:
737:
686:
677:
662:
658:
628:
620:
616:
599:
586:
549:
528:
519:
515:
470:
467:
457:
450:
445:
82:
77:
60:
55:
50:
46:
37:
32:
5953:Diffusion-limited enzyme
4414:10.2174/1568008043339668
4322:Cohen GM (August 1997).
4066:10.1093/emboj/16.23.6914
3471:10.1073/pnas.94.21.11333
3330:10.1073/pnas.93.25.14486
2885:10.1074/jbc.272.41.25719
2385:10.1074/jbc.272.30.18530
2328:British Medical Bulletin
2324:"Apoptosis: an overview"
1834:structure surrounded by
1812:residues. Caspase 3 and
936:neuron apoptotic process
698:Rostral migratory stream
4328:The Biochemical Journal
3666:The Biochemical Journal
3629:10.1093/emboj/18.8.2049
3580:10.1093/emboj/18.8.2040
3219:The Biochemical Journal
2993:The Biochemical Journal
2930:10.1136/jmg.2009.066944
2911:, Los M (August 2009).
2416:The Biochemical Journal
1646:. It is encoded by the
1580:Chr 8: 47.07 – 47.09 Mb
1151:hippocampus development
27:Protein found in humans
4448:10.1186/1742-4690-2-11
4214:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400566
4173:10.1074/jbc.M102415200
3918:10.1073/pnas.161506698
3869:10.1074/jbc.M009450200
3723:10.1006/bbrc.2001.5862
3530:10.1073/pnas.051378298
3281:10.1074/jbc.M108029200
2844:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400476
2478:10.1038/sj.cdd.4400963
2290:10.1186/1742-4682-5-26
1887:
1847:
1772:residue (Cys-163) and
1761:
1751:
1146:response to cobalt ion
1111:neuron differentiation
981:response to antibiotic
961:response to amino acid
859:death receptor binding
583:8 B1.1|8 26.39 cM
6046:Eadie–Hofstee diagram
5979:Allosteric regulation
3968:10.1083/jcb.200108085
3381:10.3892/ijmm.19.5.823
2032:myocardial infarction
1885:
1845:
1796:Substrate specificity
1759:
1746:Signaling pathway of
1745:
1001:response to metal ion
946:response to estradiol
6056:Lineweaver–Burk plot
4476:Circulation Research
3821:10.1189/jlb.69.3.490
3050:10.1055/s-2001-17213
1808:peptide bonds after
1221:axonal fasciculation
1106:response to wounding
996:response to nicotine
941:cell fate commitment
544:Chromosome 8 (mouse)
78:List of PDB id codes
51:Available structures
5842:Cancer procoagulant
4540:The Proteolysis Map
4115:1997Natur.388..300D
3909:2001PNAS...98.8662S
3521:2001PNAS...98.3416F
3462:1997PNAS...9411333H
3321:1996PNAS...9314486S
2725:1995Natur.376...37N
2048:The Proteolysis Map
2014:Biological function
1930:Garcinia mangostana
1733:Alzheimer's disease
1687:is a member of the
1041:response to glucose
956:response to hypoxia
706:trigeminal ganglion
6015:Enzyme superfamily
5948:Enzyme promiscuity
5551:cysteine proteases
4529:2016-03-03 at the
3231:10.1042/BJ20070288
3005:10.1042/BJ20090825
2322:Wyllie AH (1997).
1888:
1848:
1762:
1752:
1376:ENSMUSG00000031628
1121:learning or memory
1076:T cell homeostasis
1026:B cell homeostasis
991:protein processing
986:platelet formation
924:Biological process
915:neuronal cell body
878:Cellular component
839:hydrolase activity
804:peptidase activity
792:Molecular function
6171:
6170:
5880:
5879:
5513:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5448:
5447:
5312:
5311:
5308:
5307:
5136:signaling pathway
5099:
5098:
4340:10.1042/bj3260001
3786:10.1021/bi001603q
3678:10.1042/bj3640041
3192:10.1021/pr100049v
2038:differentiation.
2026:condensation and
1821:and drug design.
1766:
1765:
1629:
1628:
1625:
1624:
1598:
1597:
1565:
1564:
1540:
1539:
1482:
1481:
1457:
1456:
1427:
1426:
1408:
1407:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1362:
1337:
1336:
1318:
1317:
1266:
1265:
1196:apoptotic process
1161:response to X-ray
1091:heart development
776:
775:
772:
771:
741:
740:
733:
732:
671:
670:
612:
611:
509:CASP3 - orthologs
441:
440:
437:
436:
61:Ortholog search:
16:(Redirected from
6218:
6188:
6187:
6179:
6051:Hanes–Woolf plot
5994:Enzyme activator
5989:Enzyme inhibitor
5963:Enzyme catalysis
5907:
5900:
5893:
5884:
5862:3C-like protease
5540:
5533:
5526:
5517:
5457:
5323:
5194:
5149:
5126:
5119:
5112:
5103:
5085:
5070:
5055:
5040:
5025:
5010:
4995:
4980:
4965:
4950:
4935:
4920:
4905:
4890:
4875:
4860:
4845:
4830:
4815:
4800:
4785:
4770:
4755:
4740:
4725:
4710:
4695:
4680:
4665:
4650:
4635:
4620:
4605:
4590:
4570:
4563:
4556:
4547:
4507:
4470:
4460:
4450:
4425:
4396:
4361:
4351:
4309:
4308:
4298:
4274:
4268:
4267:
4257:
4233:
4227:
4226:
4216:
4192:
4186:
4185:
4175:
4166:(29): 27058–63.
4151:
4145:
4144:
4126:
4094:
4088:
4087:
4077:
4054:The EMBO Journal
4045:
4039:
4038:
4020:
3996:
3990:
3989:
3979:
3947:
3941:
3940:
3930:
3920:
3888:
3882:
3881:
3871:
3847:
3841:
3840:
3804:
3798:
3797:
3769:
3763:
3762:
3741:
3735:
3734:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3689:
3657:
3651:
3650:
3640:
3617:The EMBO Journal
3608:
3602:
3601:
3591:
3568:The EMBO Journal
3559:
3553:
3552:
3542:
3532:
3500:
3494:
3493:
3483:
3473:
3441:
3435:
3434:
3424:
3400:
3394:
3393:
3383:
3359:
3353:
3352:
3342:
3332:
3315:(25): 14486–91.
3300:
3294:
3293:
3283:
3259:
3253:
3252:
3242:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3177:
3168:
3162:
3161:
3143:
3119:
3108:
3107:
3079:
3070:
3069:
3033:
3027:
3026:
3016:
2984:
2978:
2977:
2949:
2943:
2942:
2932:
2904:
2898:
2897:
2887:
2878:(41): 25719–23.
2863:
2857:
2856:
2846:
2822:
2811:
2810:
2800:
2789:10.1172/JCI26252
2768:
2753:
2752:
2733:10.1038/376037a0
2707:
2701:
2700:
2682:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2641:
2617:
2611:
2610:
2582:
2576:
2575:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2509:The FEBS Journal
2504:
2498:
2497:
2461:
2450:
2449:
2439:
2407:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2363:
2354:
2353:
2343:
2319:
2313:
2312:
2302:
2292:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2254:
2248:
2247:
2229:
2204:
2198:
2197:
2179:
2155:
2149:
2148:
2146:
2145:
2136:. Archived from
2130:
2124:
2123:
2112:
2106:
2105:
2094:
2088:
2078:
1869:hydrogen bonding
1865:transition state
1738:
1737:
1695:artic acid prote
1611:
1610:
1582:
1575:
1560:
1544:
1535:
1491:
1487:RefSeq (protein)
1477:
1461:
1452:
1436:
1412:
1393:
1367:
1348:
1322:
1303:
1272:
854:protease binding
782:
768:
759:
752:
682:
680:Top expressed in
675:
656:
635:
618:
608:
595:
584:
569:
562:
556:
545:
533:
517:
511:
462:
455:
432:
75:
69:
48:
47:
42:
30:
21:
6226:
6225:
6221:
6220:
6219:
6217:
6216:
6215:
6196:
6195:
6194:
6182:
6174:
6172:
6167:
6079:Oxidoreductases
6065:
6041:Enzyme kinetics
6029:
6025:List of enzymes
5998:
5967:
5938:Catalytic triad
5916:
5911:
5881:
5876:
5825:
5758:
5670:
5639:
5561:
5544:
5514:
5505:
5444:
5362:
5339:
5304:
5290:Anti-apoptotic:
5251:
5183:
5165:
5138:
5130:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5086:
5077:
5071:
5062:
5056:
5047:
5041:
5032:
5026:
5017:
5011:
5002:
4996:
4987:
4981:
4972:
4966:
4957:
4951:
4942:
4936:
4927:
4921:
4912:
4906:
4897:
4891:
4882:
4876:
4867:
4861:
4852:
4846:
4837:
4831:
4822:
4816:
4807:
4801:
4792:
4786:
4777:
4771:
4762:
4756:
4747:
4741:
4732:
4726:
4717:
4711:
4702:
4696:
4687:
4681:
4672:
4666:
4657:
4651:
4642:
4636:
4627:
4621:
4612:
4606:
4597:
4591:
4577:
4574:
4531:Wayback Machine
4515:
4510:
4473:
4428:
4399:
4385:
4364:
4321:
4317:
4315:Further reading
4312:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4235:
4234:
4230:
4194:
4193:
4189:
4153:
4152:
4148:
4109:(6639): 300–4.
4096:
4095:
4091:
4060:(23): 6914–25.
4047:
4046:
4042:
3998:
3997:
3993:
3949:
3948:
3944:
3890:
3889:
3885:
3862:(11): 8087–93.
3849:
3848:
3844:
3806:
3805:
3801:
3771:
3770:
3766:
3753:(23): 5315–20.
3747:Cancer Research
3743:
3742:
3738:
3708:
3707:
3703:
3659:
3658:
3654:
3610:
3609:
3605:
3561:
3560:
3556:
3502:
3501:
3497:
3456:(21): 11333–8.
3443:
3442:
3438:
3402:
3401:
3397:
3361:
3360:
3356:
3302:
3301:
3297:
3274:(16): 13430–7.
3261:
3260:
3256:
3212:
3211:
3207:
3175:
3170:
3169:
3165:
3121:
3120:
3111:
3081:
3080:
3073:
3035:
3034:
3030:
2986:
2985:
2981:
2951:
2950:
2946:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2865:
2864:
2860:
2824:
2823:
2814:
2783:(10): 2665–72.
2770:
2769:
2756:
2719:(6535): 37–43.
2709:
2708:
2704:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2632:(49): 30761–4.
2619:
2618:
2614:
2593:(11): 1154–62.
2584:
2583:
2579:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2515:(18): 4752–65.
2506:
2505:
2501:
2463:
2462:
2453:
2409:
2408:
2401:
2378:(30): 18530–3.
2365:
2364:
2357:
2321:
2320:
2316:
2270:
2269:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2251:
2206:
2205:
2201:
2157:
2156:
2152:
2143:
2141:
2132:
2131:
2127:
2114:
2113:
2109:
2096:
2095:
2091:
2079:
2070:
2066:
2044:
2016:
2011:
1950:
1938:
1893:
1853:
1827:
1798:
1620:View/Edit Mouse
1615:View/Edit Human
1578:
1573:
1570:Location (UCSC)
1556:
1552:
1531:
1527:
1523:
1519:
1513:
1509:
1505:
1501:
1497:
1473:
1469:
1448:
1444:
1357:ENSG00000164305
1250:
1051:hippo signaling
919:
873:
809:protein binding
764:
729:
724:
720:
716:
712:
710:renal corpuscle
708:
704:
700:
696:
692:
678:
667:
603:
590:
582:
572:
571:
570:
563:
543:
520:Gene location (
471:
458:
451:
84:
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6224:
6222:
6214:
6213:
6208:
6198:
6197:
6193:
6192:
6169:
6168:
6166:
6165:
6152:
6139:
6126:
6113:
6100:
6087:
6073:
6071:
6067:
6066:
6064:
6063:
6058:
6053:
6048:
6043:
6037:
6035:
6031:
6030:
6028:
6027:
6022:
6017:
6012:
6006:
6004:
6003:Classification
6000:
5999:
5997:
5996:
5991:
5986:
5981:
5975:
5973:
5969:
5968:
5966:
5965:
5960:
5955:
5950:
5945:
5940:
5935:
5930:
5924:
5922:
5918:
5917:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5902:
5895:
5887:
5878:
5877:
5875:
5874:
5869:
5864:
5859:
5854:
5849:
5844:
5839:
5833:
5831:
5827:
5826:
5824:
5823:
5818:
5813:
5808:
5803:
5794:
5789:
5784:
5779:
5774:
5768:
5766:
5760:
5759:
5757:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5680:
5678:
5672:
5671:
5669:
5668:
5663:
5658:
5653:
5647:
5645:
5641:
5640:
5638:
5637:
5632:
5627:
5622:
5617:
5612:
5607:
5602:
5597:
5592:
5587:
5582:
5577:
5571:
5569:
5563:
5562:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5535:
5528:
5520:
5511:
5510:
5507:
5506:
5504:
5503:
5497:
5496:
5491:
5486:
5481:
5476:
5471:
5465:
5463:
5454:
5450:
5449:
5446:
5445:
5443:
5442:
5437:
5432:
5427:
5422:
5417:
5412:
5407:
5401:
5400:
5395:
5390:
5385:
5379:
5378:
5372:
5370:
5364:
5363:
5361:
5360:
5355:
5349:
5347:
5341:
5340:
5338:
5337:
5331:
5329:
5320:
5314:
5313:
5310:
5309:
5306:
5305:
5303:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5286:
5285:
5280:
5274:
5269:
5267:Pro-apoptotic:
5263:
5261:
5253:
5252:
5250:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5233:
5232:
5227:
5222:
5216:
5215:
5210:
5204:
5203:
5197:
5191:
5185:
5184:
5182:
5181:
5175:
5173:
5167:
5166:
5164:
5163:
5157:
5155:
5146:
5140:
5139:
5131:
5129:
5128:
5121:
5114:
5106:
5097:
5096:
5094:
5093:
5087:
5080:
5078:
5072:
5065:
5063:
5057:
5050:
5048:
5042:
5035:
5033:
5027:
5020:
5018:
5012:
5005:
5003:
4997:
4990:
4988:
4982:
4975:
4973:
4967:
4960:
4958:
4952:
4945:
4943:
4937:
4930:
4928:
4922:
4915:
4913:
4907:
4900:
4898:
4892:
4885:
4883:
4877:
4870:
4868:
4862:
4855:
4853:
4847:
4840:
4838:
4832:
4825:
4823:
4817:
4810:
4808:
4802:
4795:
4793:
4787:
4780:
4778:
4772:
4765:
4763:
4757:
4750:
4748:
4742:
4735:
4733:
4727:
4720:
4718:
4712:
4705:
4703:
4697:
4690:
4688:
4682:
4675:
4673:
4667:
4660:
4658:
4652:
4645:
4643:
4637:
4630:
4628:
4622:
4615:
4613:
4607:
4600:
4598:
4592:
4585:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4572:
4565:
4558:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4533:
4514:
4513:External links
4511:
4509:
4508:
4471:
4426:
4397:
4383:
4362:
4334:(Pt 1): 1–16.
4318:
4316:
4313:
4311:
4310:
4283:Cell Stem Cell
4269:
4228:
4187:
4146:
4089:
4040:
4011:(5): 791–800.
3991:
3942:
3903:(15): 8662–7.
3883:
3842:
3799:
3780:(4): 1117–23.
3764:
3736:
3701:
3672:(Pt 1): 41–7.
3652:
3623:(8): 2049–56.
3603:
3554:
3515:(6): 3416–21.
3495:
3436:
3395:
3354:
3295:
3254:
3205:
3186:(5): 2076–86.
3163:
3109:
3071:
3028:
2979:
2944:
2923:(8): 497–510.
2899:
2858:
2812:
2754:
2702:
2653:
2612:
2577:
2542:
2499:
2451:
2399:
2355:
2314:
2263:
2249:
2220:(3): 395–406.
2199:
2150:
2125:
2107:
2089:
2067:
2065:
2062:
2061:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2043:
2040:
2015:
2012:
2010:
2009:
2004:
1999:
1994:
1989:
1984:
1979:
1974:
1969:
1964:
1958:
1949:
1946:
1937:
1934:
1928:. Mangosteen (
1892:
1889:
1852:
1849:
1826:
1823:
1797:
1794:
1764:
1763:
1753:
1705:cell apoptosis
1671:lissamphibians
1627:
1626:
1623:
1622:
1617:
1607:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1596:
1595:
1593:
1591:
1584:
1583:
1576:
1571:
1567:
1566:
1563:
1562:
1548:
1547:
1541:
1538:
1537:
1515:
1514:
1488:
1484:
1483:
1480:
1479:
1465:
1464:
1458:
1455:
1454:
1440:
1439:
1433:
1429:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1416:
1415:
1409:
1406:
1405:
1397:
1396:
1390:
1384:
1383:
1380:
1379:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1361:
1360:
1352:
1351:
1345:
1339:
1338:
1335:
1334:
1326:
1325:
1319:
1316:
1315:
1307:
1306:
1300:
1294:
1293:
1288:
1283:
1279:
1278:
1268:
1267:
1264:
1263:
1252:
1251:
1249:
1248:
1243:
1238:
1233:
1228:
1223:
1218:
1213:
1208:
1203:
1198:
1193:
1188:
1183:
1178:
1173:
1168:
1163:
1158:
1156:response to UV
1153:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1133:
1128:
1123:
1118:
1113:
1108:
1103:
1098:
1093:
1088:
1083:
1078:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1053:
1048:
1043:
1038:
1033:
1028:
1023:
1018:
1013:
1008:
1003:
998:
993:
988:
983:
978:
973:
968:
963:
958:
953:
948:
943:
938:
933:
927:
925:
921:
920:
918:
917:
912:
907:
902:
897:
892:
887:
881:
879:
875:
874:
872:
871:
866:
861:
856:
851:
846:
841:
836:
831:
826:
821:
816:
811:
806:
801:
795:
793:
789:
788:
778:
777:
774:
773:
770:
769:
761:
760:
749:
743:
742:
739:
738:
735:
734:
731:
730:
728:
727:
723:
719:
718:tail of embryo
715:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
684:
683:
672:
669:
668:
666:
663:
660:
659:
652:
651:
643:
632:
626:
625:
622:RNA expression
614:
613:
610:
609:
601:
597:
596:
588:
585:
580:
574:
573:
564:
557:
551:
547:
546:
541:
535:
534:
526:
525:
513:
512:
469:
465:
464:
456:
448:
447:
443:
442:
439:
438:
435:
434:
80:
79:
71:
70:
59:
53:
52:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6223:
6212:
6209:
6207:
6204:
6203:
6201:
6191:
6186:
6181:
6177:
6163:
6159:
6158:
6153:
6150:
6146:
6145:
6140:
6137:
6133:
6132:
6127:
6124:
6120:
6119:
6114:
6111:
6107:
6106:
6101:
6098:
6094:
6093:
6088:
6085:
6081:
6080:
6075:
6074:
6072:
6068:
6062:
6059:
6057:
6054:
6052:
6049:
6047:
6044:
6042:
6039:
6038:
6036:
6032:
6026:
6023:
6021:
6020:Enzyme family
6018:
6016:
6013:
6011:
6008:
6007:
6005:
6001:
5995:
5992:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5984:Cooperativity
5982:
5980:
5977:
5976:
5974:
5970:
5964:
5961:
5959:
5956:
5954:
5951:
5949:
5946:
5944:
5943:Oxyanion hole
5941:
5939:
5936:
5934:
5931:
5929:
5926:
5925:
5923:
5919:
5915:
5908:
5903:
5901:
5896:
5894:
5889:
5888:
5885:
5873:
5870:
5868:
5865:
5863:
5860:
5858:
5855:
5853:
5850:
5848:
5845:
5843:
5840:
5838:
5835:
5834:
5832:
5828:
5822:
5819:
5817:
5814:
5812:
5809:
5807:
5804:
5802:
5798:
5795:
5793:
5790:
5788:
5785:
5783:
5780:
5778:
5775:
5773:
5770:
5769:
5767:
5765:
5761:
5755:
5752:
5750:
5747:
5745:
5742:
5740:
5737:
5735:
5732:
5730:
5727:
5725:
5722:
5720:
5717:
5715:
5712:
5710:
5707:
5705:
5702:
5700:
5697:
5695:
5692:
5690:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5681:
5679:
5677:
5673:
5667:
5664:
5662:
5659:
5657:
5654:
5652:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5644:Fruit-derived
5642:
5636:
5633:
5631:
5628:
5626:
5623:
5621:
5618:
5616:
5613:
5611:
5608:
5606:
5603:
5601:
5598:
5596:
5593:
5591:
5588:
5586:
5583:
5581:
5578:
5576:
5573:
5572:
5570:
5568:
5564:
5559:
5556:
5552:
5548:
5541:
5536:
5534:
5529:
5527:
5522:
5521:
5518:
5502:
5499:
5498:
5495:
5492:
5490:
5487:
5485:
5482:
5480:
5477:
5475:
5472:
5470:
5467:
5466:
5464:
5462:
5461:Intracellular
5458:
5455:
5451:
5441:
5438:
5436:
5433:
5431:
5428:
5426:
5423:
5421:
5418:
5416:
5413:
5411:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5402:
5399:
5396:
5394:
5391:
5389:
5386:
5384:
5381:
5380:
5377:
5374:
5373:
5371:
5369:
5368:Intracellular
5365:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5350:
5348:
5346:
5342:
5336:
5333:
5332:
5330:
5328:
5324:
5321:
5319:
5315:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5287:
5284:
5281:
5279:
5275:
5273:
5270:
5268:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5234:
5231:
5228:
5226:
5223:
5221:
5218:
5217:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5205:
5202:
5199:
5198:
5195:
5192:
5190:
5189:Intracellular
5186:
5180:
5177:
5176:
5174:
5172:
5168:
5162:
5159:
5158:
5156:
5154:
5150:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5137:
5134:
5127:
5122:
5120:
5115:
5113:
5108:
5107:
5104:
5090:
5084:
5079:
5075:
5069:
5064:
5060:
5054:
5049:
5045:
5039:
5034:
5030:
5024:
5019:
5015:
5009:
5004:
5000:
4994:
4989:
4985:
4979:
4974:
4970:
4964:
4959:
4955:
4949:
4944:
4940:
4934:
4929:
4925:
4919:
4914:
4910:
4904:
4899:
4895:
4889:
4884:
4880:
4874:
4869:
4865:
4859:
4854:
4850:
4844:
4839:
4835:
4829:
4824:
4820:
4814:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4794:
4790:
4784:
4779:
4775:
4769:
4764:
4760:
4754:
4749:
4745:
4739:
4734:
4730:
4724:
4719:
4715:
4709:
4704:
4700:
4694:
4689:
4685:
4679:
4674:
4670:
4664:
4659:
4655:
4649:
4644:
4640:
4634:
4629:
4625:
4619:
4614:
4610:
4604:
4599:
4595:
4589:
4584:
4580:
4571:
4566:
4564:
4559:
4557:
4552:
4551:
4548:
4541:
4537:
4534:
4532:
4528:
4525:
4521:
4517:
4516:
4512:
4505:
4501:
4497:
4493:
4489:
4485:
4481:
4477:
4472:
4468:
4464:
4459:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4436:
4435:Retrovirology
4432:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4415:
4411:
4408:(4): 265–75.
4407:
4403:
4398:
4394:
4390:
4386:
4384:9780127098623
4380:
4376:
4372:
4368:
4363:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4345:
4341:
4337:
4333:
4329:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4314:
4306:
4302:
4297:
4292:
4288:
4284:
4280:
4273:
4270:
4265:
4261:
4256:
4251:
4247:
4243:
4239:
4232:
4229:
4224:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4207:(9): 865–72.
4206:
4202:
4198:
4191:
4188:
4183:
4179:
4174:
4169:
4165:
4161:
4157:
4150:
4147:
4142:
4138:
4134:
4130:
4125:
4124:10.1038/40901
4120:
4116:
4112:
4108:
4104:
4100:
4093:
4090:
4085:
4081:
4076:
4071:
4067:
4063:
4059:
4055:
4051:
4044:
4041:
4036:
4032:
4028:
4024:
4019:
4014:
4010:
4006:
4002:
3995:
3992:
3987:
3983:
3978:
3973:
3969:
3965:
3962:(1): 115–24.
3961:
3957:
3953:
3946:
3943:
3938:
3934:
3929:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3910:
3906:
3902:
3898:
3894:
3887:
3884:
3879:
3875:
3870:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3853:
3846:
3843:
3838:
3834:
3830:
3826:
3822:
3818:
3814:
3810:
3803:
3800:
3795:
3791:
3787:
3783:
3779:
3775:
3768:
3765:
3760:
3756:
3752:
3748:
3740:
3737:
3732:
3728:
3724:
3720:
3716:
3712:
3705:
3702:
3697:
3693:
3688:
3683:
3679:
3675:
3671:
3667:
3663:
3656:
3653:
3648:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3630:
3626:
3622:
3618:
3614:
3607:
3604:
3599:
3595:
3590:
3585:
3581:
3577:
3574:(8): 2040–8.
3573:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3555:
3550:
3546:
3541:
3536:
3531:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3506:
3499:
3496:
3491:
3487:
3482:
3477:
3472:
3467:
3463:
3459:
3455:
3451:
3447:
3440:
3437:
3432:
3428:
3423:
3418:
3415:(6): 751–63.
3414:
3410:
3406:
3399:
3396:
3391:
3387:
3382:
3377:
3373:
3369:
3368:Int J Mol Med
3365:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3299:
3296:
3291:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3273:
3269:
3265:
3258:
3255:
3250:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3232:
3228:
3224:
3220:
3216:
3209:
3206:
3201:
3197:
3193:
3189:
3185:
3181:
3174:
3167:
3164:
3159:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3133:
3129:
3125:
3118:
3116:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3101:
3097:
3093:
3090:(1): 237–50.
3089:
3085:
3078:
3076:
3072:
3067:
3063:
3059:
3055:
3051:
3047:
3043:
3039:
3032:
3029:
3024:
3020:
3015:
3010:
3006:
3002:
2999:(3): 335–45.
2998:
2994:
2990:
2983:
2980:
2975:
2971:
2967:
2963:
2960:(6): 725–31.
2959:
2955:
2948:
2945:
2940:
2936:
2931:
2926:
2922:
2918:
2914:
2910:
2903:
2900:
2895:
2891:
2886:
2881:
2877:
2873:
2869:
2862:
2859:
2854:
2850:
2845:
2840:
2837:(2): 99–104.
2836:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2819:
2817:
2813:
2808:
2804:
2799:
2794:
2790:
2786:
2782:
2778:
2774:
2767:
2765:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2755:
2750:
2746:
2742:
2738:
2734:
2730:
2726:
2722:
2718:
2714:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2690:
2686:
2681:
2676:
2672:
2668:
2664:
2657:
2654:
2649:
2645:
2640:
2635:
2631:
2627:
2623:
2616:
2613:
2608:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2592:
2588:
2581:
2578:
2573:
2569:
2565:
2561:
2558:(3): 654–66.
2557:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2510:
2503:
2500:
2495:
2491:
2487:
2483:
2479:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2406:
2404:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2377:
2373:
2369:
2362:
2360:
2356:
2351:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2334:(3): 451–65.
2333:
2329:
2325:
2318:
2315:
2310:
2306:
2301:
2296:
2291:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2267:
2264:
2259:
2253:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2233:
2228:
2223:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2203:
2200:
2195:
2191:
2187:
2183:
2178:
2173:
2169:
2165:
2161:
2154:
2151:
2140:on 2016-03-03
2139:
2135:
2129:
2126:
2121:
2117:
2111:
2108:
2103:
2099:
2093:
2090:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2073:
2069:
2063:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2045:
2041:
2039:
2037:
2033:
2029:
2025:
2021:
2013:
2008:
2005:
2003:
2000:
1998:
1995:
1993:
1990:
1988:
1985:
1983:
1980:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1968:
1965:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1957:
1955:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1907:
1903:
1899:
1890:
1884:
1880:
1878:
1874:
1870:
1866:
1862:
1858:
1850:
1844:
1840:
1837:
1836:alpha-helices
1833:
1824:
1822:
1820:
1815:
1811:
1810:aspartic acid
1807:
1803:
1795:
1793:
1791:
1787:
1786:glutamic acid
1783:
1782:aspartic acid
1779:
1775:
1771:
1758:
1754:
1749:
1744:
1740:
1739:
1736:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1722:
1718:
1714:
1710:
1706:
1702:
1698:
1694:
1690:
1686:
1683:
1678:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1664:
1660:
1656:
1653:
1649:
1645:
1641:
1637:
1633:
1621:
1616:
1612:
1608:
1605:
1601:
1594:
1592:
1589:
1585:
1581:
1577:
1572:
1568:
1561:
1559:
1555:
1549:
1545:
1542:
1536:
1534:
1530:
1526:
1522:
1516:
1512:
1508:
1504:
1500:
1496:
1492:
1489:
1485:
1478:
1476:
1472:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1453:
1451:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1434:
1432:RefSeq (mRNA)
1430:
1423:
1422:
1417:
1413:
1410:
1404:
1403:
1398:
1394:
1391:
1389:
1385:
1378:
1377:
1372:
1368:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1353:
1349:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1323:
1320:
1314:
1313:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1299:
1295:
1292:
1289:
1287:
1284:
1280:
1277:
1273:
1269:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1247:
1244:
1242:
1239:
1237:
1234:
1232:
1229:
1227:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1217:
1214:
1212:
1209:
1207:
1204:
1202:
1199:
1197:
1194:
1192:
1189:
1187:
1184:
1182:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1172:
1169:
1167:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1157:
1154:
1152:
1149:
1147:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1137:
1134:
1132:
1129:
1127:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1112:
1109:
1107:
1104:
1102:
1099:
1097:
1094:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1084:
1082:
1079:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
1062:
1059:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1049:
1047:
1044:
1042:
1039:
1037:
1034:
1032:
1029:
1027:
1024:
1022:
1019:
1017:
1014:
1012:
1011:wound healing
1009:
1007:
1004:
1002:
999:
997:
994:
992:
989:
987:
984:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
969:
967:
964:
962:
959:
957:
954:
952:
949:
947:
944:
942:
939:
937:
934:
932:
929:
928:
926:
923:
922:
916:
913:
911:
908:
906:
905:membrane raft
903:
901:
898:
896:
893:
891:
888:
886:
883:
882:
880:
877:
876:
870:
867:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
852:
850:
847:
845:
842:
840:
837:
835:
832:
830:
827:
825:
822:
820:
817:
815:
812:
810:
807:
805:
802:
800:
797:
796:
794:
791:
790:
787:
786:Gene ontology
783:
779:
767:
762:
758:
753:
750:
748:
744:
736:
725:
721:
717:
713:
709:
705:
701:
697:
694:barrel cortex
693:
689:
688:
685:
681:
676:
673:
664:
661:
657:
654:
653:
650:
648:
644:
642:
641:
637:
636:
633:
631:
627:
623:
619:
615:
607:
602:
598:
594:
589:
579:
575:
568:
561:
555:
548:
540:
536:
532:
527:
523:
518:
514:
510:
506:
502:
498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
466:
461:
454:
449:
444:
433:
431:
427:
423:
419:
415:
411:
407:
403:
399:
395:
391:
387:
383:
379:
375:
371:
367:
363:
359:
355:
351:
347:
343:
339:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
191:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
159:
155:
151:
147:
143:
139:
135:
131:
127:
123:
119:
115:
111:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
81:
76:
73:
72:
68:
65:
58:
54:
49:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
6157:Translocases
6154:
6141:
6128:
6115:
6102:
6092:Transferases
6089:
6076:
5933:Binding site
5584:
5392:
5289:
5266:
5258:Bcl-2 family
5256:
5246:
5237:Cytochrome c
5179:Fas receptor
5088:
5073:
5058:
5043:
5028:
5013:
4998:
4983:
4968:
4953:
4938:
4923:
4908:
4893:
4878:
4863:
4848:
4833:
4818:
4803:
4788:
4773:
4758:
4743:
4728:
4713:
4698:
4683:
4668:
4653:
4638:
4623:
4608:
4593:
4482:(2): 152–4.
4479:
4475:
4438:
4434:
4405:
4401:
4366:
4331:
4327:
4289:(6): 515–6.
4286:
4282:
4272:
4248:(2): 220–1.
4245:
4241:
4231:
4204:
4200:
4190:
4163:
4159:
4149:
4106:
4102:
4092:
4057:
4053:
4043:
4008:
4004:
3994:
3959:
3955:
3945:
3900:
3896:
3886:
3859:
3855:
3845:
3815:(3): 490–6.
3812:
3808:
3802:
3777:
3774:Biochemistry
3773:
3767:
3750:
3746:
3739:
3717:(4): 981–9.
3714:
3710:
3704:
3669:
3665:
3655:
3620:
3616:
3606:
3571:
3567:
3557:
3512:
3508:
3498:
3453:
3449:
3439:
3412:
3408:
3398:
3374:(5): 823–7.
3371:
3367:
3357:
3312:
3308:
3298:
3271:
3267:
3257:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3183:
3179:
3166:
3131:
3127:
3087:
3083:
3044:(9): 511–9.
3041:
3037:
3031:
2996:
2992:
2982:
2957:
2953:
2947:
2920:
2916:
2902:
2875:
2871:
2861:
2834:
2830:
2780:
2776:
2716:
2712:
2705:
2673:(5): 801–9.
2670:
2666:
2656:
2629:
2625:
2615:
2590:
2586:
2580:
2555:
2551:
2545:
2512:
2508:
2502:
2469:
2465:
2422:(2): 563–8.
2419:
2415:
2375:
2371:
2331:
2327:
2317:
2280:
2276:
2266:
2252:
2217:
2213:
2202:
2167:
2163:
2153:
2142:. Retrieved
2138:the original
2128:
2119:
2110:
2101:
2092:
2017:
1951:
1948:Interactions
1939:
1929:
1910:mitochondria
1906:cytochrome c
1894:
1854:
1828:
1799:
1778:peptide bond
1767:
1696:
1692:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1651:
1647:
1631:
1630:
1554:NP_001271338
1551:
1533:NP_001341713
1529:NP_001341712
1525:NP_001341711
1521:NP_001341710
1518:
1511:NP_001341709
1507:NP_001341708
1503:NP_001341706
1475:NM_001284409
1468:
1443:
1419:
1400:
1374:
1355:
1329:
1310:
1290:
1285:
645:
638:
468:External IDs
83:
5928:Active site
5872:Gingipain K
5867:Gingipain R
5837:Clostripain
4576:PDB gallery
3225:(1): 11–9.
1066:proteolysis
895:nucleoplasm
714:granulocyte
702:neural tube
604:47,092,724
591:47,070,326
446:Identifiers
6200:Categories
6131:Isomerases
6105:Hydrolases
5972:Regulation
5852:Autophagin
5666:Actinidain
5635:Caspase 14
5630:Caspase 13
5625:Caspase 12
5620:Caspase 10
5161:Fas ligand
4542:-animation
2909:Halayko AJ
2472:(1): 3–5.
2170:(2): 171.
2144:2009-12-20
2087:, May 2017
2064:References
1936:Inhibition
1898:granzyme B
1891:Activation
1832:beta-sheet
1802:substrates
1717:caspases 6
1709:proenzymes
1216:luteolysis
649:(ortholog)
489:HomoloGene
6211:EC 3.4.22
6010:EC number
5857:Cruzipain
5764:Cathepsin
5661:Bromelain
5615:Caspase 9
5610:Caspase 8
5605:Caspase 7
5600:Caspase 6
5595:Caspase 5
5590:Caspase 4
5585:Caspase 3
5580:Caspase 2
5575:Caspase 1
5547:Proteases
5393:Caspase 3
5388:Caspase 8
5247:Caspase 3
5242:Caspase 9
5225:Caspase 8
5133:Apoptosis
4441:(1): 11.
2283:(1): 26.
2036:stem cell
2024:chromatin
1914:caspase-9
1908:from the
1857:imidazole
1851:Mechanism
1825:Structure
1819:inhibitor
1814:caspase 7
1806:hydrolyze
1774:histidine
1655:orthologs
1644:caspase-9
1640:caspase-8
1632:Caspase-3
1558:NP_033940
1499:NP_116786
1495:NP_004337
1471:NM_009810
1450:NM_032991
1446:NM_004346
1276:Orthologs
885:cytoplasm
497:GeneCards
18:Caspase-3
6034:Kinetics
5958:Cofactor
5921:Activity
5847:Separase
5484:Survivin
5345:Receptor
5318:TNF path
5171:Receptor
5144:Fas path
4527:Archived
4504:12684325
4496:17272816
4467:15725353
4422:15578977
4393:11345898
4305:18522841
4264:21211695
4223:10510468
4182:11359776
4035:17915093
4027:11257232
3986:11927604
3937:11447297
3878:11098060
3837:34256107
3829:11261798
3794:11170436
3731:11689006
3696:11988074
3647:10205159
3598:10205158
3549:11248093
3409:Immunity
3390:17390089
3290:11832478
3249:17437405
3200:20232907
3150:15055583
3104:11384748
3066:36623826
3058:11561209
3023:19788411
2974:14644197
2939:19505876
2853:10200555
2807:16200200
2697:18866447
2607:18855730
2572:16781734
2529:17697120
2494:31274387
2486:11803369
2446:10947972
2309:19077196
2244:17524567
2236:10319819
2083:–
2042:See also
1992:Survivin
1954:interact
1873:In vitro
1861:carbonyl
1790:zymogens
1770:cysteine
1691:ysteine-
1675:teleosts
1604:Wikidata
1255:Sources:
722:epiblast
6190:Biology
6144:Ligases
5914:Enzymes
5676:Calpain
5567:Caspase
5494:c-IAP-2
5489:c-IAP-1
4524:C14.003
4358:9337844
4349:1218630
4141:4395885
4133:9230442
4111:Bibcode
4084:9384571
4075:1170295
3977:2173256
3905:Bibcode
3759:9850056
3687:1222543
3638:1171289
3589:1171288
3517:Bibcode
3490:9326610
3458:Bibcode
3431:9208847
3349:8962078
3317:Bibcode
3240:1925235
3158:5180966
3014:2805924
2894:9325297
2798:1236692
2749:4240789
2741:7596430
2721:Bibcode
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2648:7983002
2537:1860924
2437:1221285
2394:9228015
2350:9374030
2300:2672941
2194:5345060
2186:8861900
2085:Ensembl
2053:Caspase
1926:in vivo
1920:), and
1902:T cells
1701:caspase
1685:protein
1667:lizards
1659:mammals
1636:caspase
1388:UniProt
1343:Ensembl
1282:Species
1261:QuickGO
1036:hearing
910:nucleus
890:cytosol
624:pattern
453:Aliases
6176:Portal
6118:Lyases
5754:CAPNS2
5749:CAPNS1
5744:CAPN14
5739:CAPN13
5734:CAPN12
5729:CAPN11
5724:CAPN10
5656:Ficain
5651:Papain
5558:3.4.22
5327:Ligand
5300:Bcl-xL
5153:Ligand
4520:MEROPS
4502:
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4458:554975
4455:
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1918:Apaf-1
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1650:gene.
1590:search
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1421:P70677
1402:P42574
1298:Entrez
747:BioGPS
485:107739
477:600636
6070:Types
5830:Other
5719:CAPN9
5714:CAPN8
5709:CAPN7
5704:CAPN6
5699:CAPN5
5694:CAPN3
5689:CAPN2
5684:CAPN1
5453:Other
5440:NF-κB
5415:MEKK1
5410:ASK-1
5405:TRAF2
5376:TRADD
5295:Bcl-2
5276:BAK1/
4500:S2CID
4137:S2CID
4031:S2CID
3928:37492
3833:S2CID
3540:30668
3481:23459
3340:26159
3176:(PDF)
3154:S2CID
3062:S2CID
2745:S2CID
2693:S2CID
2533:S2CID
2490:S2CID
2240:S2CID
2190:S2CID
2058:PAC-1
2020:brain
1997:TRAF3
1987:HCLS1
1982:GroEL
1972:CFLAR
1962:CASP8
1682:CASP3
1663:birds
1652:CASP3
1648:CASP3
1634:is a
1331:12367
1291:Mouse
1286:Human
1257:Amigo
647:Mouse
640:Human
587:Start
522:Mouse
501:CASP3
493:37912
460:CASP3
33:CASP3
6162:list
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6149:list
6142:EC6
6136:list
6129:EC5
6123:list
6116:EC4
6110:list
6103:EC3
6097:list
6090:EC2
6084:list
6077:EC1
5479:NAIP
5474:XIAP
5469:IAPs
5430:MKK7
5425:IκBα
5383:FADD
5220:FADD
5213:ASK1
5208:DAXX
5089:2j33
5074:2j32
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