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52:
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the original field station. It contained sleeping, living, cooking and eating space for 43 people. At the same time, the old building was refurbished with a dedicated teaching lab, offices, and research lab facilities. The first student field trip to use it was in 1978, and through the 1980s a wider range of students were able to undertake course visits to Cass. The old building was closed to overnight use in 2013 for not meeting fire regulations, but it still functions as a lab and teaching space.
353:
329:
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36:
341:
59:
373:
255:
238:
It was March 1914 before the field station was used for its intended purpose, by
Charles Chilton. The facility and surrounding areas were officially opened on 29 July 1914 as the Canterbury College Mountain Biological Station, and Chilton led the first field trip there with six students in November.
425:
Increased numbers of undergraduates in the 1960s put a strain on the facilities, so the
University Grants Committee agreed to supply $ 75,000, supplemented in 1974 with $ 25,000, for an additional building. Over 1975–1977 this new building, called the Teaching Flat, was constructed to the north of
246:
undertook the first
Honours research project to be based at the field station. His photographs of the area are valuable sources of information for vegetation change over the succeeding century. Later that year, Chilton led two field excursions of women students to Cass, and published the first of
283:
from the area, named after
Chilton. By 1927 the field station had hosted 18 student field trips – typically four students, a leader and an assistant – and four visits by other scientific groups. A bridge across Grasmere Stream suitable for motor cars was built in 1934. By the 1930s Foweraker was
368:
The initial plan for the field station was a single building with a living room, two bunkrooms, and a laboratory; a simpler version was constructed without a laboratory and just a single fireplace. In 1929 the building was extended, adding a laboratory, a coal stove, hot water and a bathroom.
421:
The field station was expanded in 1959 at a cost of £2300, adding a building connected to the old building with a passageway. This added two shower rooms, a hot water boiler, two bunk rooms and a living room. The old toilet was replaced in 1968 with a septic tank, and a new bridge was built.
306:
A modern automatic weather station was installed next to the new building in 1997, along with a freshwater ecology building next to
Grasmere Stream and a set of artificial ponds. In 2001 management of the field station shifted from the Department of Plant and Microbial Sciences to Facilities
231:. By 1910 the railroad had extended to the railway camp of Cass, so the Canterbury College Board selected 10 acres of land there adjacent to Lake Sarah as the site for a research station. In April 1910 £200 was allocated for a building, which was constructed by the
183:. It was founded in 1914 as the Cass Mountain Biological Station and was operated for many years by the university's Department of Botany. A significant body of research generated by the station has tracked biological change in the area for over 100 years.
307:
Management. A track was built across the
Sugarloaf Saddle in 2012 thanks to the help of the University Tramping Club and BioSoc, and a high elevation weather station, Sugarbaby, was installed on top of Mount Sugar Loaf the following year.
612:
James S. Rounick; Michael J. Winterbourn; Graeme L. Lyon (August 1982). "Differential
Utilization of Allochthonous and Autochthonous Inputs by Aquatic Invertebrates in Some New Zealand Streams: A Stable Carbon Isotope Study".
247:
seven "Notes from the
Canterbury College Mountain Biological Station, Cass". He argued for the need for a completely fenced-off botanical reserve and setting up a station to observe the effects of
501:
in and around Cass. Jason
Tylianakis in 2008 began a study investigating the effects of climate change on tussocks and their associated invertebrates with a large soil warming experiment.
530:
Cockayne, L.; Foweraker, C. E. (1916) "Notes from the
Canterbury College Mountain Biological Station. No. 4 – the principal plant associations in the immediate vicinity of the station."
973:
273:
and set up small. fenced-off exclusion plots to observe the effects of sheep grazing on native vegetation. He also began an insect collection from Cass. Entomologist
978:
543:
The Flora of Cass: a list of species (excluding fungi) known from the vicinity of the Mountain Biology Station of the University of Canterbury, New Zealand
51:
890:
Graham, Scott L.; Hunt, John E.; Millard, Peter; McSeveny, Tony; Tylianakis, Jason M.; Whitehead, David (12 March 2014). Wang, Xiujun (ed.).
232:
753:
97:
369:
Electricity, supplied by the Railway Department, was not connected until 1937, and a toilet (emptying into Grasmere Stream) in 1939.
963:
399:, visited Cass. Angus, then going by her married name Rita Cook, made preliminary sketches and studies for several works, including
248:
224:
352:
316:
658:
516:"Notes from the Canterbury College Mountain Biological Station, Cass. No. 1.—Introduction and General Description of Station"
446:, in 1927, agreed that the area's polymorphic plant hybrids had value for evolutionary theory, and Swedish lichenologist
310:
On December 2–6, 2014, the University of Canterbury celebrated 100 years of teaching and research at Cass Field Station.
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258:
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208:
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began regular week-long trips for 2nd and 3rd year botany students, which focused on plant systematics and ecology.
968:
216:
410:, which depicts the original building with its laboratory extension and a steam train passing in the background.
261:(back) and students at the Biological Station circa 1920. Chilton's wife Elizabeth is possible second from right.
845:"Impacts of introduced brown and rainbow trout on benthic invertebrate communities in shallow New Zealand lakes"
983:
575:
Michael J. Winterbourn; J. S. Rounick; B. Cowie (1981). "Are New Zealand stream ecosystems really different?".
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196:
168:
148:
447:
435:
844:
515:
372:
892:"Effects of Soil Warming and Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration in a New Zealand Tussock Grassland"
903:
856:
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293:
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266:
509:
The following is a selection of research publications based on work done at the Cass Field Station.
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leading longer and more extensive botanical collecting expeditions to Mount Horrible and the
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35:
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479:
465:, a more comprehensive collection of articles by a wide range of authors, was compiled by
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the iconic painting depicting the Cass railway station. She also painted the watercolour
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860:
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461:, which included articles on history, geology, soils, climate and vegetation over time.
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891:
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visited Cass in 1920 to collect insects and described a new species of bush dragonfly
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957:
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654:"One hundred years of vegetation change at Cass, eastern South Island high country"
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220:
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180:
734:, Christchurch: University of Canterbury Department of Botany, pp. 13–22,
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was running 10-day advanced zoology field courses, which continued until 1945.
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388:
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Scott Wissinger studied the freshwater invertebrate communities of lakes and
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region to create a source of income. By the early 20th century, botanist
731:
Cass: history and science in the Cass district, Canterbury, New Zealand
560:
Cass: history and science in the Cass district, Canterbury, New Zealand
463:
Cass: History and Science in the Cass District, Canterbury, New Zealand
450:
also recognised the important role of Cass Station for plant research.
442:
collections from Cass and their potential use in evolutionary studies.
164:
160:
780:"Variability in New Zealand montane and alpine pollinator assemblages"
729:
558:
476:
628:
211:, Professor of Biology at Canterbury College, and Geology lecturer
843:
Wissinger, Scott A.; Mcintosh, Angus R.; Greig, Hamish S. (2006).
412:
371:
253:
490:), collecting and interpreting data on flower visits by insects.
207:
felt the need for a high-country research station and approached
520:
Transactions and Proceedings of the Royal Society of New Zealand
563:, Christchurch: University of Canterbury Department of Botany,
545:, Christchurch: University of Canterbury Department of Botany,
806:"Insect pollination in the New Zealand mountain flora"
223:, after which passengers switched to coaches to cross
577:
New Zealand Journal of Marine and Freshwater Research
652:
Laura Young; David Norton; Michelle Lambert (2016).
144:
136:
128:
91:
81:
71:
23:
8:
541:William Philipson; Garth Brownlie (1958),
58:
20:
16:Biological research station in New Zealand
933:
915:
532:Transactions of the New Zealand Institute
215:. The original site selected in 1908 was
40:Original 1914 building and 1959 extension
219:, the terminus of the railway line from
974:Research institutes established in 1914
701:
486:at Cass and two nearby sites (and also
408:Mountain Biological Field Station, Cass
377:Mountain Biological Field Station, Cass
312:
171:located near the railway settlement of
434:As early as 1926 the Dutch geneticist
754:"100 years of the Cass field station"
7:
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752:Vangioni, Peter (8 December 2014).
979:Research institutes in New Zealand
526:: 331–335 – via Papers Past.
167:research facility operated by the
14:
832:– via Taylor & Francis.
728:Colin James Burrows, ed. (1977),
557:Colin James Burrows, ed. (1977),
869:10.1111/j.1365-2427.2006.01629.x
351:
339:
327:
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193:Canterbury Provincial Government
57:
50:
34:
29:Cass Mountain Biological Station
358:Botany students on a field trip
265:In 1917 agricultural scientist
195:endowed what was then known as
135:
80:
830:10.1080/0028825X.1983.10428561
787:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
659:New Zealand Journal of Ecology
1:
810:New Zealand Journal of Botany
589:10.1080/00288330.1981.9515927
482:conducted research on flower
251:, a common farming practice.
917:10.1371/journal.pone.0091204
804:Primack, Richard B (1983).
778:Primack, Richard B (1978).
438:stressed the importance of
1000:
391:, accompanied by painters
514:Chilton, Charles (1914).
45:
33:
28:
964:University of Canterbury
758:Christchurch Art Gallery
169:University of Canterbury
149:University of Canterbury
469:and published in 1977.
387:In May 1936 the artist
233:Public Works Department
672:10.20417/NZJECOL.40.38
453:In 1958 Philipson and
418:
384:
262:
113:43.03444°S 171.75944°E
416:
375:
257:
267:Frederick Hilgendorf
244:Charles E. Foweraker
118:-43.03444; 171.75944
908:2014PLoSO...991204G
861:2006FrBio..51.2009W
822:1983NZJB...21..317P
109: /
849:Freshwater Biology
419:
385:
280:Uropetala chiltoni
263:
197:Canterbury College
157:Cass Field Station
24:Cass Field Station
969:Research stations
855:(11): 2009–2028.
495:Fulbright Scholar
459:The Flora of Cass
301:William Philipson
199:with land in the
154:
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82:Nearest city
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488:Aoraki / Mt Cook
393:Louise Henderson
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346:Artificial ponds
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205:Leonard Cockayne
179:high-country of
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480:Richard Primack
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334:Grasmere Stream
332:
323:
322:Weather station
320:
294:Edward Percival
292:riverbeds, and
275:Robert Tillyard
259:Charles Chilton
249:tussock burning
209:Charles Chilton
189:
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816:(3): 317–333.
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666:(3): 289–301.
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583:(3): 321–328.
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455:Garth Brownlie
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397:Julia Scarvell
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227:and reach the
213:Robert Speight
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902:(3): e91204.
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467:Colin Burrows
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448:G.E. Du Rietz
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299:In the 1950s
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225:Arthur's Pass
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19:
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761:. Retrieved
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505:Publications
493:In 2001 the
492:
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458:
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440:hybrid plant
433:
424:
420:
417:New building
407:
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386:
376:
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309:
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298:
278:
269:installed a
264:
241:
237:
221:Christchurch
217:Broken River
191:In 1873 the
190:
156:
155:
86:Christchurch
18:
484:pollination
181:New Zealand
137:Established
116: /
104:171°45′34″E
92:Coordinates
958:Categories
763:18 January
740:Q117789333
696:References
688:Q124309018
645:Q124312979
623:(2): 191.
605:Q124312976
569:Q117789333
551:Q124309027
537:: 166–186
472:In 1976–8
457:published
436:J.P. Lotsy
389:Rita Angus
381:Rita Angus
364:Facilities
271:rain gauge
229:West Coast
177:Canterbury
165:geological
161:biological
101:43°02′04″S
926:1932-6203
877:0046-5070
680:0110-6465
637:0030-1299
597:0028-8330
235:in 1912.
175:, in the
129:Elevation
944:24621790
896:PLOS ONE
793:: 66–73.
736:Wikidata
684:Wikidata
641:Wikidata
601:Wikidata
565:Wikidata
547:Wikidata
477:botanist
474:American
444:Cockayne
430:Research
242:In 1915
72:Location
935:3951317
904:Bibcode
857:Bibcode
818:Bibcode
187:History
942:
932:
924:
875:
738:
686:
678:
643:
635:
603:
595:
567:
549:
383:(1936)
290:Hawdon
783:(PDF)
616:Oikos
499:tarns
159:is a
145:Owner
132:600 m
940:PMID
922:ISSN
873:ISSN
765:2024
676:ISSN
633:ISSN
593:ISSN
402:Cass
395:and
288:and
286:Cass
201:Cass
173:Cass
163:and
140:1914
76:Cass
930:PMC
912:doi
865:doi
826:doi
668:doi
625:doi
585:doi
379:by
960::
938:.
928:.
920:.
910:.
898:.
894:.
871:.
863:.
853:51
851:.
847:.
824:.
814:21
812:.
808:.
789:.
785:.
756:.
704:^
682:.
674:.
664:40
662:.
656:.
639:.
631:.
621:39
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591:.
581:15
579:.
535:48
524:47
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518:.
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914::
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900:9
879:.
867::
859::
828::
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791:1
767:.
690:.
670::
647:.
627::
607:.
587::
404:,
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