246:
351:, wooden propellers of 553 and 537 gross tons respectively. Built at Detroit in 1882, they were outfitted to carry passengers, package freight and bulk grain. At a time when most Lake Michigan passenger steamers were painted white, they quickly became known as the "Black Boats" for their black hulls. Each was lengthened 36 feet (11 m) in 1883, and steamship service was extended to Manistee in 1884.
111:, later president of the F&PM. An extension of 6.5 miles (10.5 km) from Midland to Averill was completed on October 25, 1868, giving the F&PM 60 miles (97 km) of route west from Flint and entitling the company to 76,300 acres (309 km) in land grants; since 1862 the company had received a total of 307,200 acres (1,243 km).
158:. Fearing this would make Ward too big, Ludington refused to sell a terminal site or mill sites at any price, hoping to squeeze Ward into selling some of his 70,000 acres (28,000 ha) of timber at a bargain price. Ludington found that Ward would not sell and, more importantly, that Ward was not a man to be trifled with.
265:. No common stock was to be issued to holders of certificates of old common stock until five consecutive dividends of 7 per cent had been paid on preferred stock. In the event, this never occurred, as there were only two consecutive years (1883 and 1884) in which a 7 per cent dividend was declared on preferred stock.
114:
Slowly the railroad snaked its way through the forests of central
Michigan. It was completed to Clare, 24.4 miles (39.3 km) west of Averill, in November 1870; another 15.6 miles (25.1 km) was finished in March 1871. With the completion of 22 miles (35 km) to Reed City in December 1871,
397:
After 1887 the transportation of logs by the F&PM began to fall off rapidly. This was offset somewhat by the growing freight traffic of the company's steamship line. In 1888 the decline in logs transported amounted to 193,790 tons ($ 153,308 in gross earnings), while earning of the Black Boats
189:
The road was completed to
Ludington on December 1, 1874, giving the F&PM 253 miles (407 km) of main line. By 1877 the company had received 511,520.2 acres (207,004.9 ha) of federal land grants, of which over half - 275,741.69 acres (111,588.70 ha) - had been sold, contributing $
568:
An agreement was reached in 1899 for the consolidation of the F&PM with the
Chicago and West Michigan and the Detroit, Grand Rapids and Western with securities of the newly organized exchanged for those of the constituent companies. The F&PM declared a special 2% dividend out of assets as
98:
Construction westward from
Saginaw commenced in 1866 with the first section of 20 miles (32 km), to Midland, opened December 1, 1867. In the Annual Report to the Stockholders of December 31, 1867, the secretary of the F&PM, Henry C. Potter, called for the continued building of the line
82:
of
Detroit, a prominent lumberman, vessel owner, and steel manufacturer, was elected to the presidency of the F&PM. Service began on January 20, 1862, on the 26.1-mile (42.0 km) section from East Saginaw south to Mount Morris. In December 1864 the F&PM gained access to
161:
Ward learned early in 1869 that
Ludington's logging crews had, accidentally or otherwise, cut pine from part of his land. He kept quiet until Ludington went to Detroit on business, then had him arrested and lodged in the Wayne County Jail on charges of trespassing and
261:, a situation exacerbated by the crash of the lumber market in July 1877. The company remained in receivership until September 30, 1880, when it was reorganized as the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad. Under the reorganization plan the F&PM issued $ 6,500,000 in
482:
Movements of grain in bulk had become so important to the economics of the railroad that when the elevator at
Ludington was destroyed by fire on July 7, 1899, it was immediately rebuilt. The new, larger grain elevator was ready for operation by November 20, 1899.
330:
had boasted of being the largest
American city not served by a railroad. This changed after the incorporation on June 19, 1880, of an F&PM subsidiary, the Manistee Railroad, to build a 26.53-mile (42.70 km) branch line from Manistee Junction (today
185:
came over the line on a tour of inspection ... received the most distinguished mark of attention
Ludington could show. He rode to and from his railroad car in the only covered carriage up to that time ever owned within the borders of Mason County."
335:), east of Ludington, to Manistee. The villages of Bachelor, Fountain and Free Soil quickly sprang up on this line. Upon its opening on December 5, 1881, the branch gave the F&PM access to Manistee lumbering and salt manufacturing resources.
475:. Soon after the line's completion, the M&T was purchased outright by the F&PM on August 27, 1897. Entry into Toledo from Alexis, 6.6 miles (10.6 km), was secured in 1897 through a 99-year lease of trackage from the
564:
By
January 1, 1899, the F&PM had sold 468,690 acres (1,896.7 km) of the 513,000 acres (2,080 km) granted the company by the federal government. Sales amounted to $ 4,847,007 - an average of $ 10.34 an acres.
154:. James Ludington was the owner of the only mill then at Ludington. He attempted to spin out the talks; though he favored completion of the F&PM, Ludington knew Ward intended to build mills to tap the timber along the
102:
On September 2, 1868, the F&PM was consolidated with the Flint and Holly Railroad. Besides adding a key segment of trackage to the growing F&PM system, the merger brought into the F&PM the Crapo family -
576:
Charles M. Heald of the C&WM and DGR&W was president of the Pere Marquette with William W. Crapo of the F&PM as chairman of the board of directors. On February 1, 1900, the new company acquired the
1181:
429:. It also converted to standard gauge its existing branch line between East Saginaw and Yale. This gave the F&PM a standard gauge line across the breadth of Michigan, from
74:). The early promoters of the road were George M. Dewey and E.H. Hazelton of Flint, with Dewey serving as the first president of the F&PM. Construction started in 1859 in
1484:
237:
was built in 1877 on the Ludington waterfront by a group of investors associated with the railroad. In 1879 a freight warehouse was built just south of the grain elevator.
366:, built at West Bay City in 1890, differed in originally being configured as a straight package freighter with no passenger accommodations. Sailings between Ludington and
99:
toward Lake Michigan: "The importance and magnitude of the lumber traffic on the Muskegon and Manistee Rivers urge this company to speedy construction on its road west."
1469:
1427:
1321:
166:. He secured a court judgment of $ 650,000 against Ludington, who was ruined; he suffered a stroke and was forced to quit business. His successor in business, the
1464:
257:, owing $ 1,200,000 in unpaid interest on bonds with bonded interest accumulating at a rate of $ 385,000 a year. Gross revenues had declined every year since the
517:
arrived at Manitowoc on her maiden voyage from Ludington on the morning of February 17, 1897, interchanging freight with both the Wisconsin Central and the
1499:
498:
1417:
1167:
542:
386:
of East Saginaw, who also served as the company's general counsel and land commissioner. Upon the death of Hoyt on August 14, 1882, William W. Crapo of
1479:
1494:
464:
1504:
1355:
538:
453:
1314:
1412:
382:
Since Jesse Hoyt lived in New York City and did not visit Michigan after 1877, he was represented on the F&PM board by his attorney,
1474:
1272:
1257:
1252:
418:
410:
402:
283:
467:. An extension of the F&PM, 15.2 miles (24.5 km) from Monroe to Alexis (an unincorporated place just across the state line in
1221:
127:
1174:
1350:
1267:
1098:
534:
518:
406:
343:
In September 1882 the F&PM began operating their own propeller steamers between Ludington and Milwaukee. The first two were the
315:
54:
The F&PM was chartered on January 22, 1857 as the Flint and Pere Marquette Railway for the purpose of constructing an east-west
1407:
116:
1489:
1307:
1231:
219:
1036:
476:
521:. The car ferry operation was so successful that it soon became obvious that service would have to be expanded; in 1900 the
390:, a director since 1868, was elected president of the F&PM. Under his presidency the F&PM was run very much like a
1422:
1402:
578:
1443:
1117:
640:
222:
provided service under contract to the railroad from 1876 to 1883. Ships assigned to the route by Goodrich included the
193:
Ward died suddenly while walking in Detroit on January 2, 1875. Elected to succeed him as president of the F&PM was
211:
1387:
123:
602:
194:
506:
92:
387:
167:
1397:
1288:
1159:
1090:
1082:
1054:
472:
1205:
449:
398:
totaled $ 40,556 and rapidly increased as the F&PM attracted movements of wood products, flour, and grain.
88:
1135:
Kirkpatrick, Frank A. (Fall 1968). "The Saginaw, Tuscola & Huron: An Early Railroad of Michigan's Thumb".
513:, was built at West Bay City, where she was launched on December 30, 1896. With Joseph Russell as master, the
1371:
570:
456:. Construction of this Detroit station commenced in 1890 and it was opened for service on January 22, 1893.
441:
170:, reached an amicable agreement with Ward in August 1869 for both the railway terminal and the mill sites.
1331:
75:
43:
151:
1392:
1299:
1226:
590:
426:
367:
279:
201:
178:
174:
155:
131:
245:
1236:
269:
135:
71:
1066:
1028:
332:
327:
314:
in 1884), and a standard gauge branch from Clare to Harrison, 16.8 miles (27.0 km), as the
1262:
1123:
1104:
1094:
1070:
1042:
1032:
492:
414:
383:
608:
108:
210:, with John W. Stewart as its captain. At Sheboygan the line interchanged freight with the
596:
262:
206:
147:
79:
63:
1059:
445:
422:
421:
on April 1, 1889, converted it to standard gauge, and constructed a new line east from
354:
As business grew, two similar but larger propellers were built at Detroit, the 924-ton
310:
234:
182:
104:
1458:
430:
258:
249:
Preferred stock of the Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad Company, issued 1. July 1882
67:
573:
was incorporated November 1, 1899, and took over the properties on January 1, 1900.
42:
between 1857 and 1899. It was one of the three companies which merged to become the
460:
254:
163:
55:
17:
644:
181:
in 1920, "when the F&PM railroad was nearly completed to Ludington, Governor
502:
391:
434:
218:
and the terminal at Sheboygan, the line was shifted to Milwaukee in 1876. The
59:
35:
581:, which had been built in 1881-86 by investors associated with the F&PM.
1127:
1108:
1046:
550:
545:. On December 27, 1897, the DGR&W inaugurated car ferry service between
1074:
197:
of New York, who had extensive lumber and salt interests in East Saginaw.
546:
282:
branch from Coleman to Mount Pleasant, 14.5 miles (23.3 km), as the
119:. The line was now 48.4 miles (77.9 km) from its goal of Ludington.
39:
230:. The F&PM terminated its contract with Goodrich on April 1, 1883.
84:
1156:, Vol. XXII (1894). Lansing: Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society.
627:
204:
was inaugurated May 31, 1875, with a leased steamer, the sidewheeler
115:
the F&PM made a connection with the north-south main line of the
1150:, Vol. XXI (1894). Lansing: Michigan Pioneer and Historical Society.
505:
line between Ludington and Manitowoc. A steel car ferry designed by
471:
and just outside the city limits of Toledo), was constructed by the
244:
459:
Until 1897 the F&PM reached the important railroad center of
268:
While in receivership the company built two new lines in 1879: a
468:
146:
In 1868 President Ward of the F&PM opened negotiations with
1303:
1163:
78:. A more energetic management took charge in 1860 when Captain
630:
Library of Congress. Publ. 1897, c1898. Accessed April 2020.
401:
On January 31, 1889, the F&PM was consolidated with the
394:
railroad rather than a Western logging line, as heretofore.
150:
for a terminal site at his namesake town with frontage of
541:, which was reorganized a decade later, in 1896, as the
122:
On June 4, 1872, the F&PM was consolidated with the
525:
transported 27,000 railroad cars across Lake Michigan.
34:(F&PM) is a defunct railroad which operated in the
1413:
Benton Harbor, Coloma and Paw Paw Lake Train Railway
1436:
1380:
1364:
1338:
1281:
1245:
1214:
1198:
497:In 1895 the F&PM reached an agreement with the
200:Cross-lake steamship service between Ludington and
1058:
1428:Grand Rapids, Kalkaska and Southeastern Railroad
628:Galbraith's railway mail service maps, Michigan.
107:, Governor of Michigan in 1865-69, and his son,
1122:. Lansing, MI: Michigan Historical Commission.
1408:Milwaukee, Benton Harbor and Columbus Railway
1315:
1175:
8:
1154:Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections
1148:Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections
911:
684:Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections
672:Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections
660:Michigan Pioneer and Historical Collections
1485:Predecessors of the Pere Marquette Railway
1418:Grand Rapids, Belding and Saginaw Railroad
1356:Detroit, Grand Rapids and Western Railroad
1322:
1308:
1300:
1182:
1168:
1160:
543:Detroit, Grand Rapids and Western Railroad
190:2,369,729.21 to the railroad's revenues.
1470:Railway companies disestablished in 1899
465:Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway
253:On July 1, 1879, the F&PM went into
620:
130:(a feeder line leased since 1867); the
126:(opened for service the same day); the
995:
971:
959:
899:
887:
803:
539:Detroit, Lansing and Northern Railroad
454:Detroit, Lansing and Northern Railroad
1465:Railway companies established in 1857
1027:. Images of America. Charleston, SC:
947:
875:
827:
791:
767:
755:
743:
440:The F&PM was a part-owner of the
7:
1007:
983:
923:
863:
851:
839:
815:
779:
731:
719:
707:
695:
569:part of the consolidation plan. The
173:"In November 1874," recalled editor
1423:Harbor Beach and Port Hope Railroad
1403:Saginaw, Tuscola and Huron Railroad
1273:Port Huron and Northwestern Railway
1258:Saginaw and Mount Pleasant Railroad
1253:East Saginaw and St. Clair Railroad
1222:Bay City and East Saginaw Rail Road
1119:The Pere Marquette Railroad Company
579:Saginaw, Tuscola and Huron Railroad
419:Port Huron and Northwestern Railway
411:Saginaw and Mount Pleasant Railroad
403:East Saginaw and St. Clair Railroad
284:Saginaw and Mount Pleasant Railroad
1500:1899 disestablishments in Michigan
1444:Pere Marquette Railroad of Indiana
370:, were inaugurated in 1890 by the
128:Bay City and East Saginaw Railroad
25:
1351:Chicago and West Michigan Railway
1346:Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad
1268:Saginaw and Clare County Railroad
1192:Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad
537:shared common directors with the
535:Chicago and West Michigan Railway
519:Chicago and North Western Railway
407:Saginaw and Clare County Railroad
316:Saginaw and Clare County Railroad
212:Sheboygan and Fond du Lac Railway
32:Flint and Pere Marquette Railroad
1480:Rail lines receiving land grants
1388:South Haven and Eastern Railroad
1087:Lake Michigan Passenger Steamers
444:Company in association with the
124:Holly, Wayne and Monroe Railroad
117:Grand Rapids and Indiana Railway
58:on a route, for which a federal
1495:1857 establishments in Michigan
1232:Holly, Wayne and Monroe Railway
224:De Pere, Corona, Oconto, Alpena
220:Goodrich Transportation Company
134:(Flint to Otter Lake); and the
214:. Quickly outgrowing both the
93:Detroit and Milwaukee Railroad
1:
1505:1899 mergers and acquisitions
1330:Constituent companies of the
1190:Constituent companies of the
168:Pere Marquette Lumber Company
87:via trackage rights over the
641:Michigan Railroad Commission
226:and, best-known of all, the
27:Railroad company in Michigan
1398:Bay City Belt Line Railroad
1061:The Great Lakes Car Ferries
962:, pp. 114–115, 117–118
1521:
1475:Defunct Michigan railroads
585:Presidents of the F&PM
553:with the wooden car ferry
501:to establish a cross-lake
490:
417:. The F&PM bought the
388:New Bedford, Massachusetts
138:(East Saginaw to Vassar).
1289:Monroe and Toledo Railway
1091:Stanford University Press
499:Wisconsin Central Railway
473:Monroe and Toledo Railway
1206:Flint and Holly Railroad
1023:Cabot, James L. (2005).
463:, over the rails of the
450:Canadian Pacific Railway
358:in 1887 and the 941-ton
89:Flint and Holly Railroad
902:, pp. 298, 346–347
571:Pere Marquette Railroad
442:Fort Street Union Depot
362:in 1888. The 1,723-ton
70:at Pere Marquette (now
1490:Defunct Ohio railroads
1372:Muskegon Lake Railroad
1332:Pere Marquette Railway
686:, XXII (1894), p. 289.
250:
142:The Ludington terminal
44:Pere Marquette Railway
533:As early as 1886 the
322:The Manistee Railroad
248:
1227:Flint River Railroad
1025:Ludington: 1830-1930
938:, November 23, 1899.
378:Decline of lumbering
368:Manitowoc, Wisconsin
202:Sheboygan, Wisconsin
179:Ludington Daily News
156:Pere Marquette River
132:Flint River Railroad
1237:Cass River Railroad
1116:Ivey, Paul (1919).
890:, pp. 298, 346
674:XXI (1894), p. 341.
662:XXI (1894), p. 414.
509:of 2,443 tons, the
152:Pere Marquette Lake
136:Cass River Railroad
72:Ludington, Michigan
18:Cass River Railroad
1067:Howell-North Books
1029:Arcadia Publishing
974:, pp. 298–299
842:, pp. 21, 31n
806:, pp. 297–298
477:Ann Arbor Railroad
251:
62:was offered, from
1452:
1451:
1297:
1296:
1263:Manistee Railroad
1083:Hilton, George W.
1055:Hilton, George W.
559:Pere Marquette 16
503:railway car ferry
493:SS Pere Marquette
487:Car ferry service
415:Manistee Railroad
384:William L. Webber
228:City of Ludington
16:(Redirected from
1512:
1393:Sanilac Railroad
1324:
1317:
1310:
1301:
1184:
1177:
1170:
1161:
1144:
1137:Michigan History
1131:
1112:
1089:. Stanford, CA:
1078:
1065:. Berkeley, CA:
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987:
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936:Ludington Record
933:
927:
926:, pp. 24–25
921:
915:
912:Kirkpatrick 1968
909:
903:
897:
891:
885:
879:
873:
867:
866:, pp. 21–22
861:
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843:
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818:, pp. 19–20
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794:, pp. 46–47
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609:William W. Crapo
326:For some years,
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109:William W. Crapo
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591:George M. Dewey
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557:(later renamed
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341:
339:The Black Boats
324:
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305:
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288:4 ft
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263:preferred stock
243:
216:SS John Sherman
207:SS John Sherman
175:Charles G. Wing
148:James Ludington
144:
80:Eber Brock Ward
64:Flint, Michigan
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523:Pere Marquette
515:Pere Marquette
511:Pere Marquette
491:Main article:
488:
485:
446:Wabash Railway
379:
376:
372:F&PM No. 1
364:F&PM No. 5
360:F&PM No. 4
356:F&PM No. 3
349:F&PM No. 2
345:F&PM No. 1
340:
337:
323:
320:
311:standard gauge
286:(converted to
242:
239:
235:grain elevator
183:John J. Bagley
143:
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105:Henry H. Crapo
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1228:
1225:
1223:
1220:
1219:
1217:
1213:
1207:
1204:
1203:
1201:
1197:
1193:
1185:
1180:
1178:
1173:
1171:
1166:
1165:
1162:
1155:
1152:
1149:
1146:
1143:(3): 197–217.
1142:
1138:
1133:
1129:
1125:
1121:
1120:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1102:
1100:0-8047-4240-5
1096:
1092:
1088:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1072:
1068:
1063:
1062:
1056:
1052:
1048:
1044:
1040:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1021:
1020:
1016:
1009:
1004:
1001:
998:, p. 118
997:
992:
989:
985:
980:
977:
973:
968:
965:
961:
956:
953:
949:
944:
941:
937:
932:
929:
925:
920:
917:
914:, p. 203
913:
908:
905:
901:
896:
893:
889:
884:
881:
877:
872:
869:
865:
860:
857:
853:
848:
845:
841:
836:
833:
829:
824:
821:
817:
812:
809:
805:
800:
797:
793:
788:
785:
781:
776:
773:
769:
764:
761:
757:
752:
749:
745:
740:
737:
733:
728:
725:
721:
716:
713:
709:
704:
701:
697:
692:
689:
685:
680:
677:
673:
668:
665:
661:
656:
653:
648:
647:
646:Annual Report
642:
636:
633:
629:
624:
621:
615:
610:
607:
604:
601:
598:
595:
592:
589:
588:
584:
582:
580:
574:
572:
566:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
529:Consolidation
528:
526:
524:
520:
516:
512:
508:
504:
500:
494:
486:
484:
480:
478:
474:
470:
466:
462:
457:
455:
451:
447:
443:
438:
436:
432:
431:Lake Michigan
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
399:
395:
393:
389:
385:
377:
375:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
352:
350:
346:
338:
336:
334:
329:
321:
319:
317:
312:
306:1,435 mm
285:
281:
273:
266:
264:
260:
259:Panic of 1873
256:
247:
240:
238:
236:
231:
229:
225:
221:
217:
213:
209:
208:
203:
198:
196:
191:
187:
184:
180:
176:
171:
169:
165:
159:
157:
153:
149:
141:
139:
137:
133:
129:
125:
120:
118:
112:
110:
106:
100:
96:
94:
90:
86:
81:
77:
73:
69:
68:Lake Michigan
65:
61:
57:
50:Early history
49:
47:
45:
41:
37:
33:
19:
1345:
1191:
1153:
1147:
1140:
1136:
1118:
1086:
1060:
1024:
1010:, p. 28
1003:
991:
986:, p. 27
979:
967:
955:
950:, p. 77
943:
935:
931:
919:
907:
895:
883:
878:, p. 60
871:
859:
854:, p. 21
847:
835:
830:, p. 60
823:
811:
799:
787:
782:, p. 19
775:
770:, p. 46
763:
758:, p. 17
751:
746:, p. 16
739:
734:, p. 18
727:
722:, p. 17
715:
703:
691:
683:
679:
671:
667:
659:
655:
645:
635:
623:
575:
567:
563:
558:
554:
532:
522:
514:
510:
507:Robert Logan
496:
481:
461:Toledo, Ohio
458:
439:
400:
396:
381:
371:
363:
359:
355:
353:
348:
344:
342:
325:
280:narrow gauge
267:
255:receivership
252:
241:Receivership
232:
227:
223:
215:
205:
199:
192:
188:
172:
164:timber theft
160:
145:
121:
113:
101:
97:
76:East Saginaw
56:railway line
53:
31:
29:
996:Hilton 1962
972:Hilton 2002
960:Hilton 1962
900:Hilton 2002
888:Hilton 2002
804:Hilton 2002
392:New England
276:914 mm
1459:Categories
1038:0738539511
1017:References
948:Cabot 2005
876:Cabot 2005
828:Cabot 2005
792:Cabot 2005
768:Cabot 2005
756:Cabot 2005
744:Cabot 2005
603:Jesse Hoyt
435:Lake Huron
427:Port Huron
413:, and the
195:Jesse Hoyt
60:land grant
36:U.S. state
1008:Ivey 1919
984:Ivey 1919
924:Ivey 1919
864:Ivey 1919
852:Ivey 1919
840:Ivey 1919
816:Ivey 1919
780:Ivey 1919
732:Ivey 1919
720:Ivey 1919
708:Ivey 1919
696:Ivey 1919
611:1882-1899
605:1875-1882
599:1860-1875
593:1857-1860
551:Milwaukee
271:3 ft
1128:66109442
1109:49942913
1085:(2002).
1057:(1962).
1047:62380346
643:(1896).
555:Muskegon
547:Muskegon
333:Walhalla
328:Manistee
302: in
91:and the
40:Michigan
297:⁄
177:of the
85:Detroit
1126:
1107:
1097:
1075:564138
1073:
1045:
1035:
452:, and
409:, the
405:, the
616:Notes
1437:1907
1381:1903
1365:1900
1339:1899
1282:1897
1246:1889
1215:1872
1199:1868
1124:OCLC
1105:OCLC
1095:ISBN
1071:OCLC
1043:OCLC
1033:ISBN
549:and
469:Ohio
423:Yale
347:and
30:The
1141:LII
561:).
433:to
425:to
66:to
38:of
1461::
1139:.
1103:.
1093:.
1069:.
1041:.
1031:.
479:.
448:,
437:.
374:.
318:.
308:)
278:)
233:A
95:.
46:.
1323:e
1316:t
1309:v
1183:e
1176:t
1169:v
1130:.
1111:.
1077:.
1049:.
649:.
304:(
299:2
295:1
292:+
290:8
274:(
20:)
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