1628:
204:
2032:
75:
2819:
50:
31:
487:
could be related to the unusual North
Pacific warmth which is pushing marine food chains and could affect other species of zooplankton, krill and fish that normally develop in cold waters and the birds that consume them including Cassin's auklets. The event happened in the late summer when the auklet
381:
Cassin's auklet nests in burrows on small islands, and in the southern area of its range may be found in the breeding colony year round. It either digs holes in the soil or uses natural cracks and crevices to nest in, also readily using man-made structures. Pairs will show a strong loyalty towards
430:. Numbers at sea may be grossly underestimated because the bird moves away from ships at a distance of more than a kilometer. Recently their distribution around Triangle Island has been determined by telemetry. It feeds by diving underwater beating its wings for propulsion, hunting down large
482:
estimated a toll between 50,000 and 100,000 deaths that year. Scientists were uncertain about the cause of these deaths. While viruses, bacteria, and oil spills were ruled out the cause appeared to be starvation. Scientists found little evidence of food in the stomachs of the carcasses. Some
410:
Most individuals in a cohort begin breeding at age 3 (27%), and by 8 years >95% of a given cohort has recruited. Mean age of recruitment is 3.6 years. Minimum annual breeding propensity is 0.83, apparent local survival is 0.76, juvenile survival (ages 0 to 2) is 0.15.
860:
394:. They also depart from the colony before dawn. The egg is incubated for 40 days, the small chick is then fed nightly for 35 days by both parents, who regurgitate partially digested food (euphausiids and other small crustaceans) carried in a special
470:. Annual variation in ocean climate synchronously affects multiple demographic parameters including survival, breeding propensity, breeding success, and recruitment, a situation conducive to rapid population declines due to climate change.
406:
alone and makes its way to the sea. Cassin's auklet is unusual amongst seabirds in occasionally laying a second clutch after a successful first clutch (it is the only northern hemisphere seabird to do so).
262:
is generally dark above and pale below, with a small white mark above the eye. Its bill is overall dark with a pale spot, and its feet are blue. Unlike many other auks, Cassin's auklet lacks dramatic
743:
478:
In the last few months of 2014, the carcasses of thousands of Cassin's auklets washed ashore from
Northern California up to the north coast of Washington State. The
3034:
590:
Lee, Derek E.; Warzybok, Peter M.; Bradley, Russell W. (2012). "Recruitment of Cassin's Auklet (Ptychoramphus aleuticus): Individual Age and
Parental Age Effects".
301:, where the population is estimated to be around 55,0000 pairs. It is not known to be migratory. However, northern birds may move farther south during the winter.
3259:
3086:
1627:
888:
747:
3231:
2998:
3274:
3047:
676:"Climate and demography of the planktivorous Cassin's auklet Ptychoramphus aleuticus off northern California: implications for population change"
3269:
266:
plumage, remaining the same over most of the year. At sea it is usually identified by its flight, which is described as looking like a flying
3112:
3289:
467:
844:(A. Poole and F. Gill, Eds.). Philadelphia: The Academy of Natural Sciences; Washington, D.C.: The American Ornithologists' Union.
3284:
3177:
3279:
2985:
386:
the single white egg, returning to swap shifts at night (usually after 2300 h) to avoid being taken by predators such as the
3052:
2031:
881:
2886:
74:
2923:
153:
2877:
551:
298:
3091:
274:
2818:
3099:
874:
459:
3104:
2910:
2839:
3151:
3138:
2928:
1924:
176:
2171:
529:
722:
647:
634:
3182:
2972:
2902:
1351:
687:
2211:
1679:
1254:
1055:
2107:
1001:
366:
39:
3078:
2665:
2416:
1883:
1754:
1403:
1114:
3169:
2623:
2537:
2406:
2396:
1944:
1291:
1012:
990:
821:
615:
451:
318:
193:
69:
3156:
3143:
2767:
2703:
2097:
2077:
1934:
1777:
1489:
1341:
1124:
866:
3039:
2777:
2634:
2386:
769:
3125:
3065:
2946:
2795:
2244:
2191:
1982:
1565:
1075:
727:
705:
607:
203:
1907:
1869:
1730:
3264:
3130:
2547:
2427:
2180:
2087:
1845:
1539:
980:
811:
794:
Boyd, W. S.; MacFarlane
Tranquilla, L.; Ryder, J. L.; Shisko, S. G.; Bertram, D. F. (2008).
695:
661:
642:
599:
555:
524:
447:
423:
399:
391:
383:
324:
294:
282:
240:
2915:
3013:
2520:
1838:
1669:
1583:
956:
941:
898:
854:
350:
332:
290:
126:
54:
3195:
506:
691:
2735:
1720:
1706:
1603:
1302:
336:
3253:
3060:
2260:
2235:
2220:
1795:
1699:
1572:
1548:
1418:
700:
675:
515:
286:
226:
59:
825:
619:
446:
Cassin's auklet is listed as Near
Threatened, and some populations (principally the
3222:
2951:
2744:
2686:
2672:
2568:
2554:
2335:
2271:
2000:
1989:
1859:
1822:
1804:
1765:
1592:
1446:
1435:
1411:
1311:
1138:
1090:
387:
2990:
2938:
3164:
3073:
3021:
2871:
2641:
2613:
2582:
2575:
2482:
2466:
2439:
2370:
2328:
2305:
2136:
2049:
1890:
1455:
1382:
1362:
1197:
1145:
1044:
431:
395:
267:
252:
816:
795:
3190:
2755:
2717:
2599:
2513:
2350:
2287:
2280:
2143:
2016:
1958:
1951:
1811:
1784:
1744:
1737:
1713:
1612:
1555:
1496:
1479:
1472:
1462:
1391:
1265:
1131:
1065:
1023:
929:
463:
419:
370:
305:
244:
2862:
611:
2785:
2648:
2475:
2153:
1876:
1690:
1645:
1524:
1517:
1510:
1503:
1371:
1322:
1230:
1177:
1157:
559:
484:
455:
427:
86:
30:
709:
603:
289:. It nests on offshore islands, with the main population stronghold being
3216:
2856:
2710:
2679:
2655:
2592:
2527:
2448:
2321:
1965:
1852:
1425:
1274:
1034:
917:
362:
106:
450:
population) have suffered steep declines. Threats to the auklet include
235:. It nests in small burrows and because of its presence on well studied
3236:
3003:
2897:
2497:
2455:
2314:
2200:
2118:
2061:
2009:
1831:
1331:
1100:
935:
415:
259:
222:
2802:
2693:
2359:
2253:
2127:
1972:
1914:
1897:
1281:
911:
479:
438:. It can dive to 30 m below the surface, and by some estimates 80 m.
403:
328:
278:
236:
96:
3026:
2833:
258:
Cassin's auklet is a small (25 cm, 200 g) nondescript auk. Its
2964:
2959:
2606:
2561:
2506:
923:
483:
scientists from the
California's Farallon Institute believe these
435:
382:
each other and to a nesting site for many years. Both the parents
263:
2977:
3117:
2724:
2160:
116:
2837:
2047:
1643:
1228:
954:
870:
248:
136:
744:"Mass Death of Seabirds in Western U.S. Is 'Unprecedented'"
832:
Manuwal, D. A. and A. C. Thoresen. 1993. Cassin's Auklet (
796:"Variation in marine distributions of Cassin's Auklets (
770:"Unusual North Pacific warmth jostles marine food chain"
414:
At sea Cassin's auklets feeds offshore, in clear often
361:
L. H. Miller et Bowman, 1958, is known from the Late
2791:
2773:
2763:
2699:
2661:
2630:
2619:
2588:
2543:
2533:
2422:
2412:
2402:
2392:
2382:
2302:
2149:
2103:
2093:
2083:
2073:
1978:
1940:
1930:
1920:
1903:
1865:
1773:
1750:
1726:
1675:
1665:
1561:
1485:
1468:
1431:
1399:
1347:
1337:
1287:
1250:
1111:
1087:
1071:
1061:
1051:
1040:
1030:
1018:
1008:
997:
986:
976:
723:
Bird carcasses along
Pacific shore baffle biologists
3206:
2846:
2754:
2734:
2496:
2465:
2438:
2369:
2349:
2301:
2270:
2243:
2234:
2210:
2190:
2170:
2126:
2117:
2060:
1999:
1821:
1794:
1764:
1689:
1656:
1602:
1582:
1538:
1445:
1390:
1381:
1361:
1321:
1301:
1264:
1241:
1196:
1176:
1156:
1110:
1086:
967:
530:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2020-3.RLTS.T22694903A180893939.en
674:LEE, D. E.; NUR, N. & SYDEMAN, W. J. (2007).
648:10.2305/iucn.uk.2016-3.rlts.t22694903a93475606.en
635:"Ptychoramphus aleuticus: BirdLife International"
800:) breeding on Triangle Island, British Columbia"
466:events). Cassin's auklet is protected under the
560:"Noddies, gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks"
882:
251:. It is named for the American ornithologist
229:. It is the only species placed in the genus
8:
357:An extinct relative or predecessor species,
480:Coastal Observation and Seabird Survey Team
398:, often referred to in the literature as a
2834:
2375:
2240:
2123:
2066:
2057:
2044:
1653:
1640:
1387:
1238:
1225:
964:
951:
889:
875:
867:
273:Cassin's auklet ranges from midway up the
202:
48:
29:
20:
815:
699:
646:
528:
662:CASSIN’S AUKLET Ptychoramphus aleuticus
497:
857:from tsuru-bird.net by Monte M. Taylor
3260:IUCN Red List near threatened species
664:by the US Fish & Wildlife Service
566:. International Ornithologists' Union
454:carnivores (particularly in Alaska),
7:
738:
736:
585:
583:
581:
639:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
516:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
14:
468:Migratory Bird Treaty Act of 1918
2817:
2030:
1626:
840:The Birds of North America, No.
701:10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01198.x
564:IOC World Bird List Version 12.2
73:
505:BirdLife International (2020).
3275:Native birds of Western Canada
418:water, often associating with
247:it is one of the better known
1:
3270:Birds of the Aleutian Islands
861:Cassin's auklet photo gallery
474:2014 summer mass death in US
3306:
817:10.1525/auk.2008.125.1.158
225:that ranges widely in the
3290:Taxa named by John Cassin
2814:
2378:
2069:
2056:
2043:
2028:
1652:
1639:
1624:
1237:
1224:
963:
950:
906:
680:Journal of Animal Ecology
523:: e.T22694903A180893939.
275:Baja California peninsula
201:
182:
175:
70:Scientific classification
68:
46:
37:
28:
23:
901:and their extinct allies
488:chicks began to fledge.
3285:Birds described in 1811
3196:Ptychoramphus-aleuticus
2878:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
2848:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
834:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
509:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
460:sea surface temperature
218:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
186:Ptychoramphus aleuticus
3280:Native birds of Alaska
855:Cassin's auklet images
798:Ptychoramhus aleuticus
604:10.1525/auk.2012.10224
558:, eds. (August 2022).
3152:Paleobiology Database
3139:Paleobiology Database
221:) is a small, chunky
359:Ptychoramphus tenuis
24:Cassin's auklet
750:on January 26, 2015
692:2007JAnEc..76..337L
367:San Diego Formation
40:Conservation status
2172:Synthliboramphini
554:; Donsker, David;
424:underwater canyons
422:landmarks such as
3247:
3246:
3126:Open Tree of Life
2840:Taxon identifiers
2831:
2830:
2827:
2826:
2812:
2811:
2492:
2491:
2345:
2344:
2297:
2296:
2230:
2229:
2039:
2038:
2026:
2025:
1635:
1634:
1622:
1621:
1534:
1533:
1220:
1219:
1216:
1215:
728:Los Angeles Times
556:Rasmussen, Pamela
348:
322:
210:
209:
168:P. aleuticus
157:
63:
3297:
3240:
3239:
3227:
3226:
3225:
3199:
3198:
3186:
3185:
3173:
3172:
3160:
3159:
3147:
3146:
3134:
3133:
3121:
3120:
3108:
3107:
3095:
3094:
3082:
3081:
3069:
3068:
3056:
3055:
3043:
3042:
3030:
3029:
3017:
3016:
3007:
3006:
2994:
2993:
2981:
2980:
2968:
2967:
2955:
2954:
2942:
2941:
2932:
2931:
2919:
2918:
2906:
2905:
2903:2CF6D6F60FAD0DE9
2893:
2892:
2882:
2881:
2880:
2867:
2866:
2865:
2835:
2822:
2821:
2793:
2775:
2765:
2701:
2663:
2632:
2621:
2590:
2545:
2535:
2424:
2414:
2404:
2394:
2384:
2376:
2304:
2241:
2181:Synthliboramphus
2151:
2124:
2105:
2095:
2088:Hydrotherikornis
2085:
2075:
2067:
2058:
2045:
2034:
1980:
1942:
1932:
1922:
1905:
1867:
1775:
1752:
1728:
1677:
1667:
1654:
1641:
1630:
1563:
1540:Recurvirostridae
1487:
1470:
1433:
1401:
1388:
1349:
1339:
1289:
1252:
1239:
1226:
1113:
1089:
1073:
1063:
1053:
1042:
1032:
1020:
1010:
999:
988:
981:Charadriisimilis
978:
965:
952:
891:
884:
877:
868:
829:
819:
781:
780:
778:
776:
766:
760:
759:
757:
755:
746:. Archived from
740:
731:
720:
714:
713:
703:
671:
665:
659:
653:
652:
650:
630:
624:
623:
587:
576:
575:
573:
571:
548:
542:
541:
539:
537:
532:
502:
448:Farallon Islands
400:sublingual pouch
392:peregrine falcon
347:van Rossem, 1939
346:
325:Aleutian Islands
316:
308:are recognised:
295:Vancouver Island
283:Aleutian Islands
241:British Columbia
206:
188:
152:
78:
77:
57:
52:
51:
33:
21:
3305:
3304:
3300:
3299:
3298:
3296:
3295:
3294:
3250:
3249:
3248:
3243:
3235:
3230:
3221:
3220:
3215:
3202:
3194:
3189:
3181:
3176:
3168:
3163:
3155:
3150:
3142:
3137:
3129:
3124:
3116:
3111:
3103:
3098:
3090:
3085:
3077:
3072:
3064:
3059:
3051:
3046:
3038:
3033:
3025:
3020:
3012:
3010:
3002:
2997:
2989:
2984:
2976:
2971:
2963:
2958:
2950:
2945:
2937:
2935:
2927:
2922:
2914:
2909:
2901:
2896:
2890:
2885:
2876:
2875:
2870:
2861:
2860:
2855:
2842:
2832:
2823:
2816:
2808:
2750:
2730:
2521:Chroicocephalus
2488:
2461:
2434:
2365:
2341:
2293:
2266:
2226:
2206:
2186:
2166:
2113:
2052:
2035:
2022:
1995:
1817:
1790:
1760:
1685:
1648:
1631:
1618:
1598:
1584:Ibidorhynchidae
1578:
1530:
1441:
1377:
1357:
1317:
1297:
1260:
1233:
1212:
1192:
1172:
1152:
1106:
1082:
959:
957:Charadriiformes
946:
942:Charadriiformes
902:
895:
851:
793:
790:
788:Further reading
785:
784:
774:
772:
768:
767:
763:
753:
751:
742:
741:
734:
721:
717:
673:
672:
668:
660:
656:
632:
631:
627:
589:
588:
579:
569:
567:
550:
549:
545:
535:
533:
504:
503:
499:
494:
476:
458:and changes in
444:
379:
351:Baja California
343:P. a. australis
333:Baja California
313:P. a. aleuticus
291:Triangle Island
213:Cassin's auklet
197:
190:
184:
171:
151:
127:Charadriiformes
72:
64:
55:Near Threatened
53:
49:
42:
17:
16:Species of bird
12:
11:
5:
3303:
3301:
3293:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3252:
3251:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3241:
3228:
3212:
3210:
3204:
3203:
3201:
3200:
3187:
3174:
3161:
3148:
3135:
3122:
3109:
3096:
3083:
3070:
3057:
3044:
3031:
3018:
3014:cassins-auklet
3008:
2995:
2982:
2969:
2956:
2943:
2933:
2920:
2907:
2894:
2883:
2868:
2852:
2850:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2829:
2828:
2825:
2824:
2815:
2813:
2810:
2809:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2789:
2782:
2771:
2760:
2758:
2752:
2751:
2749:
2748:
2740:
2738:
2736:Stercorariidae
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2721:
2714:
2707:
2697:
2690:
2683:
2676:
2669:
2659:
2652:
2645:
2638:
2628:
2617:
2610:
2603:
2596:
2586:
2579:
2572:
2565:
2558:
2551:
2541:
2531:
2524:
2517:
2510:
2502:
2500:
2494:
2493:
2490:
2489:
2487:
2486:
2479:
2471:
2469:
2463:
2462:
2460:
2459:
2452:
2444:
2442:
2436:
2435:
2433:
2432:
2420:
2410:
2400:
2390:
2379:
2373:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2363:
2355:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2342:
2340:
2339:
2332:
2325:
2318:
2310:
2308:
2299:
2298:
2295:
2294:
2292:
2291:
2284:
2276:
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2264:
2257:
2249:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2228:
2227:
2225:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2212:Brachyramphini
2208:
2207:
2205:
2204:
2196:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2176:
2174:
2168:
2167:
2165:
2164:
2157:
2147:
2140:
2132:
2130:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2111:
2101:
2091:
2081:
2070:
2064:
2054:
2053:
2048:
2041:
2040:
2037:
2036:
2029:
2027:
2024:
2023:
2021:
2020:
2013:
2005:
2003:
1997:
1996:
1994:
1993:
1986:
1976:
1969:
1962:
1955:
1948:
1938:
1928:
1918:
1911:
1901:
1894:
1887:
1880:
1873:
1863:
1856:
1849:
1842:
1835:
1827:
1825:
1819:
1818:
1816:
1815:
1808:
1800:
1798:
1792:
1791:
1789:
1788:
1781:
1770:
1768:
1762:
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177:Binomial name
174:
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2745:Stercorarius
2743:
2723:
2716:
2709:
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2673:Rhodostethia
2671:
2666:Pseudosterna
2664:
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2647:
2640:
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2622:
2612:
2605:
2598:
2591:
2581:
2574:
2569:Hydrocoloeus
2567:
2560:
2555:Gelochelidon
2553:
2546:
2536:
2526:
2519:
2512:
2505:
2481:
2474:
2454:
2447:
2426:
2417:Paractiornis
2415:
2405:
2395:
2385:
2358:
2336:Praemancalla
2334:
2327:
2320:
2313:
2286:
2279:
2272:Fraterculini
2259:
2252:
2219:
2199:
2179:
2159:
2152:
2142:
2135:
2106:
2096:
2086:
2076:
2015:
2008:
2001:Thinocoridae
1988:
1981:
1971:
1964:
1957:
1950:
1943:
1933:
1923:
1913:
1906:
1896:
1889:
1884:Limnocryptes
1882:
1875:
1868:
1860:Coenocorypha
1858:
1851:
1844:
1837:
1830:
1823:Scolopacidae
1810:
1805:Nycticryphes
1803:
1783:
1776:
1766:Pedionomidae
1755:Nupharanassa
1753:
1743:
1736:
1729:
1719:
1712:
1705:
1698:
1678:
1668:
1657:
1611:
1593:Ibidorhyncha
1591:
1571:
1564:
1554:
1547:
1523:
1516:
1509:
1502:
1495:
1488:
1478:
1471:
1461:
1454:
1447:Charadriinae
1434:
1424:
1417:
1412:Erythrogonys
1410:
1404:Dolicopterus
1402:
1370:
1350:
1340:
1330:
1312:Pluvianellus
1310:
1290:
1280:
1273:
1253:
1242:
1144:
1139:Palaeotringa
1137:
1130:
1123:
1115:Graculavidae
1099:
1091:Laornithidae
1074:
1064:
1054:
1043:
1033:
1022:
1011:
1000:
989:
979:
968:
928:Infraclass:
841:
837:
833:
807:
803:
797:
773:. Retrieved
764:
752:. Retrieved
748:the original
726:
718:
683:
679:
669:
657:
638:
628:
595:
591:
568:. Retrieved
563:
546:
534:. Retrieved
520:
514:
508:
500:
477:
445:
442:Conservation
413:
409:
402:. The chick
388:western gull
380:
358:
356:
342:
331:to northern
327:& south
312:
303:
272:
257:
231:
230:
217:
216:
212:
211:
185:
183:
167:
166:
147:
146:
18:
3165:SeaLifeBase
3100:Neotropical
3074:NatureServe
3022:iNaturalist
2872:Wikispecies
2642:Onychoprion
2624:Limicolavis
2614:Leucophaeus
2583:Ichthyaetus
2576:Hydroprogne
2538:Feducciavis
2483:Rhinoptilus
2467:Glareolinae
2440:Glareolinae
2407:Mioglareola
2397:Boutersemia
2371:Glareolidae
2329:Miomancalla
2306:Mancallinae
1945:Parvelorius
1891:Limnodromus
1456:Anarhynchus
1383:Pluvianidae
1363:Pluvianidae
1292:Genucrassum
1207:See below ↓
1187:See below ↓
1167:See below ↓
1146:Telmatornis
1045:Palintropus
1013:Jiliniornis
991:Eupterornis
810:: 158–166.
570:10 November
552:Gill, Frank
536:11 November
485:mass deaths
462:(caused by
432:zooplankton
420:bathymetric
396:gular pouch
349:: southern
268:tennis ball
253:John Cassin
3254:Categories
3223:Q109578522
3191:Xeno-canto
2768:Cerestenia
2756:Turnicidae
2718:Thalasseus
2704:Sternalara
2600:Larosterna
2514:Chlidonias
2351:Dromadidae
2288:Fratercula
2281:Cerorhinca
2098:Miocepphus
2078:Divisulcus
2017:Thinocorus
1959:Prosobonia
1952:Phalaropus
1935:Paractitis
1812:Rostratula
1785:Pedionomus
1778:Oligonomus
1745:Microparra
1738:Metopidius
1714:Irediparra
1613:Haematopus
1556:Himantopus
1497:Oreopholus
1490:Jilniornis
1480:Elseyornis
1473:Dorypaltus
1463:Charadrius
1392:Vanellinae
1342:Chionoides
1266:Burhinidae
1132:Graculavus
1125:Dakotornis
1066:Scandiavis
1024:Morsoravis
930:Neognathae
899:shorebirds
897:Genera of
775:25 January
754:25 January
492:References
456:oil spills
452:introduced
428:upwellings
371:California
306:subspecies
299:Cape Scott
245:California
154:Brandt, JF
2786:Ortyxelos
2778:Eocliffia
2649:Pagophila
2635:Limosavis
2476:Cursorius
2428:Precursor
2387:Becassius
2154:Pinguinus
1877:Gallinago
1846:Bartramia
1691:Jacanidae
1646:Scolopaci
1525:Thinornis
1518:Pluvialis
1511:Phegornis
1504:Peltohyas
1372:Pluvianus
1323:Chionidae
1231:Charadrii
1178:Scolopaci
1158:Charadrii
910:Kingdom:
612:0004-8038
377:Behaviour
162:Species:
93:Kingdom:
87:Eukaryota
3217:Wikidata
3079:2.104487
3066:22694903
3040:11118999
2978:45509361
2916:22694903
2911:BirdLife
2857:Wikidata
2796:Turnipax
2711:Sternula
2680:Rynchops
2656:Phaetusa
2593:Laricola
2528:Creagrus
2449:Glareola
2322:Mancalla
2245:Aethiini
2192:Cepphini
1983:Villetus
1966:Scolopax
1915:Numenius
1853:Calidris
1839:Arenaria
1566:Kashinia
1426:Vanellus
1275:Burhinus
1076:Volgavis
1035:Nahmavis
918:Chordata
916:Phylum:
912:Animalia
863:by VIREO
826:28906143
710:17302841
620:85604692
384:incubate
363:Pliocene
264:breeding
243:and off
133:Family:
107:Chordata
103:Phylum:
97:Animalia
83:Domain:
60:IUCN 3.1
3265:Alcinae
3237:9780976
3004:2481302
2898:Avibase
2863:Q738204
2548:Gaviota
2498:Laridae
2456:Stiltia
2315:Alcodes
2201:Cepphus
2119:Alcinae
2062:Alcidae
2010:Attagis
1925:Nuntius
1908:Mirolia
1870:Elorius
1832:Actitis
1731:Janipes
1670:Hakawai
1332:Chionis
1101:Laornis
940:Order:
936:Neoaves
934:Clade:
922:Class:
804:The Auk
688:Bibcode
592:The Auk
464:El Niño
416:pelagic
404:fledges
365:of the
321:, 1811)
260:plumage
237:islands
223:seabird
196:, 1811)
143:Genus:
137:Alcidae
123:Order:
113:Class:
58: (
3183:344115
3157:293824
3144:368025
3131:979353
3118:344115
3105:casauk
3053:177013
3011:GNAB:
2986:EURING
2965:casauk
2939:casauk
2891:casauk
2803:Turnix
2694:Sterna
2360:Dromas
2254:Aethia
2128:Alcini
1973:Tringa
1898:Limosa
1721:Jacana
1436:Viator
1352:Neilus
1282:Esacus
824:
708:
618:
610:
329:Alaska
319:Pallas
285:, off
279:Alaska
194:Pallas
156:, 1837
3178:WoRMS
3170:74294
3092:28706
3035:IRMNG
2960:eBird
2952:6WMWM
2936:BOW:
2929:10147
2687:Rissa
2607:Larus
2562:Gygis
2507:Anous
1990:Xenus
822:S2CID
616:S2CID
436:krill
3232:GBIF
3113:OBIS
3087:NCBI
3061:IUCN
3048:ITIS
3027:4547
2999:GBIF
2991:6480
2924:BOLD
2725:Xema
2161:Uria
2144:Alle
2137:Alca
2050:Lari
1198:Lari
924:Aves
777:2015
756:2015
706:PMID
608:ISSN
572:2022
538:2021
521:2020
426:and
304:Two
293:off
249:auks
117:Aves
2973:EoL
2947:CoL
2887:ABA
836:).
812:doi
808:125
696:doi
643:doi
600:doi
596:129
525:doi
390:or
369:in
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281:'s
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