886:: "The infantry does not amount to two hundred men, in three companies. If these men were that number, and Spaniards, it would not be so bad; but, although I have not seen them, because they have not yet arrived here, I am told that they are, as at other times, for the most part boys, mestizos, and mulattoes, with some Indians (Native Americans). There is no little cause for regret in the great sums that reënforcements of such men waste for, and cost, your Majesty. I cannot see what betterment there will be until your Majesty shall provide it, since I do not think, that more can be done in Nueva Spaña, although the viceroy must be endeavoring to do so, as he is ordered."
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565:, expressing a desire for good relations with Brunei. However, In 1573, the Governor-General De Sande demanded both permission to proselytize Christianity in the region, and an end to Brunei's proselytizing of Islam. De Sande regarded Brunei as a threat to Spanish presence and religious efforts in the region, stating that "the
601:, and "Indians" (from Peru and Mexico), led by Spanish officers who had previously fought with native Filipinos in military campaigns across Southeast Asia. The expedition began their journey in March, and the Bruneian campaign was one of several that was undertaken at the time, including action in
668:
While the
Spanish were unable to immediately subjugate Brunei, they did manage to prevent it from regaining a foothold in Luzon. Relations between the two nations later improved and trade resumed, as evidenced by a 1599 letter from Governor-General
538:
Despite
Bruneian influence, Spanish colonization continued in the archipelago. In 1571, Miguel López launched an expedition from his capital in Cebu to conquer and Christianize the city of
4113:
3079:
496:
908:
680:. It gradually set aside its policies of territorial expansion and developed into a city-state, surviving to the modern day as the oldest continuously Islamic political entity.
3099:
4017:
581:
Governor-General
Francisco de Sande officially declared war against Brunei in 1578, and began preparations for an expedition to Borneo. De Sande assumed the title of
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593:), and 300 Borneans. The racial composition of the Spanish force was shown to be diverse by later documents that stated the infantry was made up of
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1873:
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912:
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1811:
554:(who historically fought against Brunei's allies of Sulu and Maynila) aligned themselves with the Spaniards against Brunei. In 1576,
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771:
755:
730:
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121:
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The
Spanish settlements soon began to encroach on the aspirations that Brunei had in the Philippines. Between 1485 and 1521,
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81:
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1507:
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1918:
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88:
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Letter from
Fajardo to Felipe III From Manila, August 15 1620 (From the Spanish Archives of the Indies)
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499:, and that war is the beginning of relations between the Ottoman state and Brunei in 1560 to 1578.
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2014:
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1992:
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1617:
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1012:
Revista
Filipina, Segunda Etapa. Revista semestral de lengua y literatura hispanofilipina.
586:
333:
214:
3731:
523:. The Islamic presence in the region was also strengthened by the arrival of traders and
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838:
European sources for the history of the
Sultanate of Brunei in the Sixteenth Century
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4270:
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3992:
3721:
3260:
3114:
2939:
2455:
2231:
1913:
1761:
1241:
562:
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2383:
4072:
Law of coartación (which allowed slaves to buy their freedom, and that of others)
1151:
1131:
1111:
1102:
1082:
1062:
1042:
864:
836:
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542:, which became the new capital for the Spanish administration. Furthermore, the
37:
4307:
3767:
2501:
2171:
1781:
657:
1064:
Malay
Muslims: the history and challenge of resurgent Islam in Southeast Asia
2734:
2491:
2391:
2068:
2002:
649:
633:
598:
532:
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17:
846:
365:
143:
948:
Cambridge illustrated atlas, warfare: Renaissance to revolution, 1492–1792
656:. These expeditionary forces spread to nearby Sultanates and taught local
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2018:
1786:
653:
602:
594:
585:
and assembled a fleet carrying 200 Spaniards, 200 Mexicans, 1,500 native
570:
547:
543:
528:
173:
4066:
4037:
2590:
2547:
2532:
2176:
748:
Thalassocracy: A History of the
Medieval Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam
645:
641:
590:
508:
450:
370:
1008:"Manila y la empresa imperial del Sultanato de Brunei en el siglo XVI"
3003:
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2329:
1298:
1201:
539:
169:
4044:
2371:
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1982:
1170:
520:
446:
1689:
2387:
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177:
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2437:
2405:
2342:
2279:
2194:
2117:
2057:
1971:
1960:
1731:
1693:
1174:
1104:
Political and cultural history of the
Philippines, Volumes 1-2
515:(also called the Kingdom of Maynila) to oppose the indigenous
31:
788:(in Malay). Government of Brunei Darussalam. Archived from
673:
in which he asked for a return to a normal relationship.
660:
new fighting tactics and techniques to forge cannons.
2035:
Netherlands, Belgium, Luxembourg, northernmost France
961:
676:
As a result of the conflict, Brunei ceased to be an
4241:
4140:
3755:
3649:
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3259:
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2763:
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2627:
2589:
2525:
2484:
2448:
1626:
1522:
1469:
1410:
1361:
1280:
1212:
909:"Letter from Francisco de Sande to Felipe II, 1578"
62:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
616:warriors, Bruneian forces were supported by the
136:
511:of Brunei had established the puppet state of
4107:
2224:, a northernmost portion of Brazilian Amazon)
1705:
1186:
573:, converting all the Moros of the islands".
8:
1899:Independence of Spanish continental Americas
725:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 57.
700:. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 55.
4114:
4100:
4092:
3963:
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3646:
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2191:
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1968:
1957:
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1712:
1698:
1690:
1528:
1475:
1367:
1286:
1193:
1179:
1171:
133:
27:Military conflict between Brunei and Spain
4018:Colonial universities in Hispanic America
1598:Melayu Islam Beraja (national philosophy)
810:
122:Learn how and when to remove this message
4023:Colonial universities in the Philippines
404:an unknown number of indigenous warriors
3014:Free Company of Volunteers of Catalonia
935:The Cambridge History of Southeast Asia
688:
495:. It is also considered as part of the
148:Bruneian forces fighting Spanish forces
895:
822:
763:
7:
2295:Captaincy General of the Philippines
1787:New Laws in favour of the indigenous
292:Captaincy General of the Philippines
60:adding citations to reliable sources
3998:Indochristian painting in New Spain
975:"The era of Sultan Muhammad Hassan"
569:from Borneo preach the doctrine of
561:sent a request to meet with Sultan
2965:Commerce Consulate of Buenos Aires
1113:The Report: Brunei Darussalam 2009
503:Spanish arrival in the Philippines
25:
1939:Independence of Equatorial Guinea
4123:
4050:Criollos in the colonial society
3978:Spanish missions in the Americas
3100:Charles Bonaventure de Longueval
1272:South-east Asia regional history
379:
364:
357:
346:
337:
327:
316:
297:
285:
270:
255:
246:
231:
220:
207:
142:
36:
4077:Great Potosí Mint Fraud of 1649
1262:British Military Administration
1116:, Oxford Business Group, 2009,
47:needs additional citations for
4336:Wars involving the Philippines
2129:Captaincy General of Guatemala
1837:Franco-Spanish War (1635–1659)
1067:, Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing,
1044:History of the Filipino people
1041:Agoncillo, Teodoro A. (1990),
983:. 1 March 2009. Archived from
483:, including the Sultanates of
1:
4213:Second Battle of San Salvador
4028:General Archive of the Indies
3289:Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
2960:Camino Real de Tierra Adentro
2945:Guipuzcoan Company of Caracas
1894:Third Treaty of San Ildefonso
1847:War of the Spanish Succession
1812:Anglo-Spanish War (1585–1604)
1153:Rough guide to Southeast Asia
1006:Donoso, Isaac (Autumn 2014).
770:: CS1 maint: date and year (
620:who had been sent in several
479:and several Muslim states in
475:, was a conflict between the
4208:First Battle of San Salvador
4173:Conspiracy of the Maharlikas
2100:Captaincy General of Yucatan
2030:Union with Holy Roman Empire
2009:Southern Italy (Kingdoms of
1924:German–Spanish Treaty (1899)
1452:State Customs and Traditions
1101:Melo Alip, Eufronio (1964),
1081:Saunders, Graham E. (2002),
721:Saunders, Graham E. (1994).
696:Saunders, Graham E. (1994).
671:Francisco de Tello de Guzmán
473:Spanish Expedition to Borneo
2580:Administrative subdivisions
1777:War of the League of Cognac
1061:McAmis, Robert Day (2002),
4362:
3294:Diego Velázquez de Cuéllar
3279:Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada
3181:Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca
2079:), Western United States (
1842:Portuguese Restoration War
962:Oxford Business Group 2009
871:Government Printing Office
4062:Slavery in Spanish Empire
3973:
3962:
3868:
3857:
3349:Pere d'Alberní i Teixidor
3090:Álvaro de Bazán the Elder
2992:
2981:
2950:Barcelona Trading Company
2870:
2859:
2715:New Andalusia (1501–1513)
2585:
2574:
2444:
2433:
2412:
2349:
2290:
2222:Venezuela, part of Guyana
2201:
2124:
2075:, Central United States (
2064:
1978:
1967:
1956:
1807:Bruneian–Spanish conflict
1792:Expulsion of the Moriscos
1738:
1727:
1656:
1531:
1478:
1370:
1289:
456:Unknown; presumably heavy
432:
396:
385:Pengiran Seri Ratna
363:Pengiran Seri Lela
309:
200:
152:
141:
4003:Quito painting tradition
3993:Cusco painting tradition
3354:García López de Cárdenas
3344:Jerónimo Luis de Cabrera
3251:Felipe González de Ahedo
3171:Pedro Menéndez de Avilés
1748:Conquest of the Americas
1375:Administrative divisions
1130:Frankham, Steve (2008),
937:by Nicholas Tarling p.39
835:Nicholl, Robert (1975).
402:1,000 men (royal guards)
4259:Philippine–American War
3788:Comuneros (New Granada)
3565:Balearic Islands (1558)
3284:Hernán Pérez de Quesada
3211:Ruy López de Villalobos
3166:Miguel López de Legazpi
3080:García de Toledo Osorio
1944:Western Sahara conflict
1934:Independence of Morocco
1874:Treaty of Madrid (1750)
1817:Piracy in the Caribbean
1802:French Wars of Religion
1150:Atiyah, Jeremy (2002),
861:United States. War Dept
160:16 April – 26 June 1578
4228:Cochinchina expedition
4033:Colonial Spanish Horse
3707:Colonia del Sacramento
2930:Spanish treasure fleet
2507:Royal Decree of Graces
786:"Pusat Sejarah Brunei"
746:Bala, Bilcher (2005).
612:In addition to native
310:Commanders and leaders
190:Status quo ante bellum
4346:Wars involving Brunei
4249:Philippine Revolution
3191:Vasco Núñez de Balboa
3151:Juan Sebastián Elcano
2466:Council of the Indies
1827:Spanish–Moro conflict
1797:Ottoman–Habsburg wars
1757:Treaty of Tordesillas
950:by Jeremy Black p.16
628:and were composed of
433:Casualties and losses
4341:Wars involving Spain
4254:Spanish–American War
3988:Mesoamerican Codices
3712:Comuneros (Paraguay)
3550:Siege of Castelnuovo
3136:Christopher Columbus
2955:Consulate of the Sea
2935:Casa de Contratación
2526:Titles and positions
1919:Spanish–American War
1909:Liberal constitution
1752:Asia and the Pacific
1344:Environmental issues
1136:, Footprint Guides,
987:on 23 September 2015
497:Ottoman-Habsburg War
56:improve this article
4188:Cambodia expedition
4183:Cagayan and Dingras
3717:Cartagena de Indias
3339:Diego de Mazariegos
3309:Pere Fages i Beleta
3176:Sebastián de Ocampo
2657:Provincias Internas
2629:Captaincies General
2543:Municipal president
2512:School of Salamanca
2283:Spanish East Indies
2262:Misiones Orientales
2134:Spanish West Indies
2098:, Central America (
2045:Pyrénées-Orientales
1998:Union with Portugal
1889:Napoleonic invasion
1869:War of Jenkins' Ear
1252:Japanese occupation
1227:Bruneian-Tundun War
1084:A history of Brunei
723:A History of Brunei
698:A History of Brunei
323:Sultan Saiful Rijal
4203:Formosa expedition
4013:Academia Antártica
3968:Other civil topics
3334:Pánfilo de Narváez
3236:Sebastián Vizcaíno
3201:Andrés de Urdaneta
3161:Juan Ponce de León
3146:Ferdinand Magellan
3120:Bernardo de Gálvez
3019:Indian auxiliaries
2517:Trial of residence
2497:Laws of the Indies
2281:Asia and Oceania (
2142:Dominican Republic
1493:Telecommunications
1402:Capital punishment
915:on 14 October 2014
559:Francisco de Sande
527:from the areas of
471:, also called the
353:Francisco de Sande
303:Bruneian defectors
4323:
4322:
4293:New People's Army
4276:Japanese invasion
4178:Eighty Years' War
4168:Borneo expedition
4089:
4088:
4085:
4084:
3958:
3957:
3863:Spanish conquests
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3841:
3840:
3638:
3637:
3319:Pedro de Alvarado
3304:Gaspar de Portolà
3299:Pedro de Valdivia
3274:Francisco Pizarro
3226:Nicolás de Ovando
3221:Alonso de Ercilla
3196:Alonso de Salazar
3029:Ships of the line
2977:
2976:
2973:
2972:
2855:
2854:
2851:
2850:
2570:
2569:
2566:
2565:
2429:
2428:
2425:
2424:
2401:
2400:
2358:Northern Africa (
2354:Equatorial Guinea
2338:
2337:
2275:
2274:
2190:
2189:
2113:
2112:
2104:Spanish Caribbean
2077:Spanish Louisiana
2053:
2052:
1988:Crown of Castille
1952:
1951:
1929:Spanish Civil War
1904:Adams–Onís Treaty
1884:Nootka Convention
1832:Thirty Years' War
1822:Eighty Years' War
1743:Catholic Monarchs
1733:Timeline–immersed
1687:
1686:
1652:
1651:
1518:
1517:
1483:Dollar (currency)
1465:
1464:
1385:Foreign relations
1357:
1356:
1163:978-1-85828-893-2
1143:978-1-906098-14-8
1123:978-1-907065-09-5
1094:978-0-7007-1698-2
1074:978-0-8028-4945-8
1054:978-971-8711-06-4
841:. Muzium Brunei.
626:Sultanate of Aceh
519:on the island of
465:
464:
261:Portuguese Empire
196:
195:
132:
131:
124:
106:
16:(Redirected from
4353:
4298:Moro (1969−2019)
4264:Moro (1899−1913)
4128:
4127:
4116:
4109:
4102:
4093:
3964:
3930:Chibchan Nations
3859:
3828:Santiago de Cuba
3687:Guadalupe Island
3647:
3374:
3367:
3329:Diego de Almagro
3206:Antonio de Ulloa
3110:Ambrosio Spinola
3105:Pedro de Zubiaur
3075:Alfonso d'Avalos
3065:Antonio de Leyva
3009:Army of Flanders
2994:
2983:
2872:
2861:
2587:
2576:
2446:
2435:
2403:
2376:Peñón of Algiers
2340:
2277:
2192:
2115:
2097:
2055:
1969:
1958:
1879:Seven Years' War
1852:Queen Anne's War
1729:
1714:
1707:
1700:
1691:
1672:
1665:
1529:
1476:
1368:
1287:
1237:Brunei Civil War
1195:
1188:
1181:
1172:
1166:
1146:
1133:Footprint Borneo
1126:
1107:
1097:
1077:
1057:
1028:
1027:
1025:
1023:
1003:
997:
996:
994:
992:
980:The Brunei Times
971:
965:
959:
953:
945:
939:
931:
925:
924:
922:
920:
911:. Archived from
905:
899:
893:
887:
881:
875:
874:
857:
851:
850:
832:
826:
820:
814:
808:
802:
801:
799:
797:
792:on 15 April 2015
782:
776:
775:
769:
761:
743:
737:
736:
718:
712:
711:
693:
556:Governor-General
517:Kingdom of Tondo
461:
391:
384:
383:
382:
375:
368:
362:
361:
360:
351:
350:
349:
342:Pengiran Kestani
341:
332:
331:
330:
321:
320:
319:
302:
301:
300:
290:
289:
288:
276:
274:
273:
259:
250:
236:
235:
234:
225:
224:
223:
212:
211:
210:
154:
153:
146:
134:
127:
120:
116:
113:
107:
105:
64:
40:
32:
21:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4355:
4354:
4352:
4351:
4350:
4326:
4325:
4324:
4319:
4281:Allied invasion
4237:
4136:
4130:Armed conflicts
4122:
4120:
4090:
4081:
4057:Old inquisition
3969:
3954:
3864:
3837:
3793:Trinidad (1797)
3763:La Noche Triste
3751:
3747:San Juan (1797)
3697:San Juan (1595)
3634:
3523:
3363:Notable battles
3358:
3324:Martín de Ursúa
3255:
3186:Alonso de Ojeda
3156:Juan de la Cosa
3141:Pinzón brothers
3124:
3095:John of Austria
3070:Martín de Goiti
3048:
2988:
2969:
2913:
2866:
2847:
2759:
2755:Terra Australis
2750:Río de la Plata
2695:Castilla de Oro
2681:
2623:
2619:Río de la Plata
2581:
2562:
2521:
2480:
2476:Santa Hermandad
2440:
2421:
2417:Terra Australis
2408:
2397:
2364:Spanish Morocco
2345:
2334:
2325:Northern Taiwan
2286:
2271:
2242:Río de la Plata
2197:
2186:
2120:
2119:Central America
2109:
2091:
2060:
2049:
1993:Crown of Aragon
1974:
1963:
1948:
1864:Bourbon Reforms
1734:
1723:
1718:
1688:
1683:
1675:
1668:
1661:
1648:
1622:
1613:Sex trafficking
1514:
1461:
1442:Law enforcement
1437:Fire and Rescue
1406:
1353:
1349:Protected areas
1276:
1257:Borneo campaign
1222:Bruneian Empire
1208:
1199:
1169:
1164:
1156:, Rough Guide,
1149:
1144:
1129:
1124:
1110:
1100:
1095:
1080:
1075:
1060:
1055:
1047:, R.P. Garcia,
1040:
1036:
1031:
1021:
1019:
1005:
1004:
1000:
990:
988:
973:
972:
968:
960:
956:
946:
942:
932:
928:
918:
916:
907:
906:
902:
894:
890:
882:
878:
869:. Vol. 3.
859:
858:
854:
834:
833:
829:
821:
817:
809:
805:
795:
793:
784:
783:
779:
762:
758:
750:. p. 160.
745:
744:
740:
733:
720:
719:
715:
708:
695:
694:
690:
686:
666:
583:Capitán-General
579:
505:
459:
457:
422:1,500 Filipinos
407:
405:
403:
387:
380:
378:
377:
371:
358:
356:
355:
347:
345:
336:
334:Bendahara Sakam
328:
326:
325:
317:
315:
298:
296:
286:
284:
271:
269:
254:
245:
240:
232:
230:
229:
221:
219:
218:
215:Bruneian Empire
208:
206:
180:
147:
128:
117:
111:
108:
71:"Castilian War"
65:
63:
53:
41:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4359:
4357:
4349:
4348:
4343:
4338:
4328:
4327:
4321:
4320:
4318:
4317:
4316:
4315:
4310:
4300:
4295:
4290:
4285:
4284:
4283:
4278:
4268:
4267:
4266:
4256:
4251:
4245:
4243:
4239:
4238:
4236:
4235:
4230:
4225:
4220:
4215:
4210:
4205:
4200:
4195:
4190:
4185:
4180:
4175:
4170:
4165:
4160:
4155:
4150:
4144:
4142:
4138:
4137:
4121:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4104:
4096:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4059:
4054:
4053:
4052:
4042:
4041:
4040:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3990:
3985:
3980:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3967:
3960:
3959:
3956:
3955:
3953:
3952:
3947:
3942:
3937:
3932:
3927:
3922:
3917:
3912:
3911:
3910:
3905:
3900:
3895:
3885:
3880:
3875:
3873:Canary Islands
3869:
3866:
3865:
3862:
3855:
3854:
3851:
3850:
3847:
3846:
3843:
3842:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3830:
3825:
3820:
3815:
3810:
3805:
3800:
3795:
3790:
3785:
3780:
3775:
3770:
3765:
3759:
3757:
3753:
3752:
3750:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3727:Túpac Amaru II
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3684:
3679:
3674:
3672:Bogotá savanna
3669:
3664:
3659:
3653:
3651:
3644:
3640:
3639:
3636:
3635:
3633:
3632:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3612:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3587:
3582:
3580:Spanish Armada
3577:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3552:
3547:
3542:
3537:
3531:
3529:
3525:
3524:
3522:
3521:
3516:
3511:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3491:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3474:White Mountain
3471:
3469:Cape Celidonia
3466:
3464:English Armada
3461:
3456:
3451:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3431:
3426:
3421:
3416:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3380:
3378:
3371:
3364:
3360:
3359:
3357:
3356:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3331:
3326:
3321:
3316:
3311:
3306:
3301:
3296:
3291:
3286:
3281:
3276:
3271:
3265:
3263:
3257:
3256:
3254:
3253:
3248:
3243:
3241:Juan Fernández
3238:
3233:
3228:
3223:
3218:
3216:Diego Columbus
3213:
3208:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3168:
3163:
3158:
3153:
3148:
3143:
3138:
3132:
3130:
3126:
3125:
3123:
3122:
3117:
3112:
3107:
3102:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3072:
3067:
3062:
3056:
3054:
3050:
3049:
3047:
3046:
3044:Army of Africa
3041:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3024:Spanish Armada
3021:
3016:
3011:
3006:
3000:
2998:
2990:
2989:
2986:
2979:
2978:
2975:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2967:
2962:
2957:
2952:
2947:
2942:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2925:Manila galleon
2921:
2919:
2915:
2914:
2912:
2911:
2906:
2901:
2896:
2891:
2886:
2880:
2878:
2868:
2867:
2864:
2857:
2856:
2853:
2852:
2849:
2848:
2846:
2845:
2840:
2835:
2830:
2825:
2820:
2815:
2810:
2805:
2800:
2795:
2790:
2785:
2780:
2775:
2769:
2767:
2761:
2760:
2758:
2757:
2752:
2747:
2742:
2737:
2732:
2727:
2722:
2717:
2712:
2707:
2702:
2697:
2691:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2633:
2631:
2625:
2624:
2622:
2621:
2616:
2611:
2606:
2601:
2595:
2593:
2583:
2582:
2579:
2572:
2571:
2568:
2567:
2564:
2563:
2561:
2560:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2529:
2527:
2523:
2522:
2520:
2519:
2514:
2509:
2504:
2499:
2494:
2488:
2486:
2482:
2481:
2479:
2478:
2473:
2468:
2463:
2458:
2452:
2450:
2442:
2441:
2439:Administration
2438:
2431:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2423:
2422:
2420:
2419:
2413:
2410:
2409:
2406:
2399:
2398:
2396:
2395:
2360:Western Sahara
2356:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2343:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2322:
2291:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2269:
2258:Banda Oriental
2239:
2225:
2202:
2199:
2198:
2195:
2188:
2187:
2185:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2169:
2164:
2159:
2154:
2149:
2131:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2118:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2073:Coastal Alaska
2065:
2062:
2061:
2058:
2051:
2050:
2048:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2007:
2006:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1979:
1976:
1975:
1972:
1965:
1964:
1961:
1954:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1946:
1941:
1936:
1931:
1926:
1921:
1916:
1911:
1906:
1901:
1896:
1891:
1886:
1881:
1876:
1871:
1866:
1861:
1856:
1855:
1854:
1844:
1839:
1834:
1829:
1824:
1819:
1814:
1809:
1804:
1799:
1794:
1789:
1784:
1779:
1774:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1754:
1745:
1739:
1736:
1735:
1732:
1725:
1724:
1721:Spanish Empire
1719:
1717:
1716:
1709:
1702:
1694:
1685:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1674:
1673:
1666:
1658:
1657:
1654:
1653:
1650:
1649:
1647:
1646:
1641:
1636:
1630:
1628:
1624:
1623:
1621:
1620:
1615:
1610:
1605:
1600:
1595:
1594:
1593:
1588:
1578:
1573:
1568:
1563:
1558:
1553:
1548:
1543:
1538:
1532:
1526:
1520:
1519:
1516:
1515:
1513:
1512:
1511:
1510:
1500:
1495:
1490:
1485:
1479:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1463:
1462:
1460:
1459:
1454:
1449:
1444:
1439:
1434:
1433:
1432:
1422:
1416:
1414:
1408:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1399:
1398:
1397:
1387:
1382:
1377:
1371:
1365:
1359:
1358:
1355:
1354:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1341:
1339:Climate change
1336:
1331:
1326:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1304:Municipalities
1301:
1296:
1290:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1275:
1274:
1269:
1264:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1247:British Borneo
1244:
1239:
1234:
1229:
1224:
1218:
1216:
1210:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1197:
1190:
1183:
1175:
1168:
1167:
1162:
1147:
1142:
1127:
1122:
1108:
1098:
1093:
1078:
1073:
1058:
1053:
1037:
1035:
1032:
1030:
1029:
1014:(in Spanish).
998:
966:
954:
940:
926:
900:
888:
876:
873:. p. 379.
866:Annual reports
852:
827:
815:
811:Agoncillo 1990
803:
777:
756:
738:
731:
713:
706:
687:
685:
682:
665:
662:
624:to the nearby
578:
575:
509:Sultan Bolkiah
504:
501:
481:Southeast Asia
477:Spanish Empire
463:
462:
460:(by dysentery)
454:
435:
434:
430:
429:
427:
426:
423:
420:
417:
409:
399:
398:
394:
393:
343:
312:
311:
307:
306:
305:
304:
294:
278:Spanish Empire
265:
252:Ottoman Empire
227:Sulu Sultanate
203:
202:
198:
197:
194:
193:
186:
182:
181:
168:
166:
162:
161:
158:
150:
149:
139:
138:
130:
129:
44:
42:
35:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4358:
4347:
4344:
4342:
4339:
4337:
4334:
4333:
4331:
4314:
4311:
4309:
4306:
4305:
4304:
4301:
4299:
4296:
4294:
4291:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4277:
4274:
4273:
4272:
4269:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4260:
4257:
4255:
4252:
4250:
4247:
4246:
4244:
4240:
4234:
4231:
4229:
4226:
4224:
4223:Manila (1762)
4221:
4219:
4216:
4214:
4211:
4209:
4206:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4163:Manila (1574)
4161:
4159:
4156:
4154:
4151:
4149:
4146:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4135:
4131:
4126:
4117:
4112:
4110:
4105:
4103:
4098:
4097:
4094:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4051:
4048:
4047:
4046:
4043:
4039:
4036:
4035:
4034:
4031:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4008:Tapada limeña
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3989:
3986:
3984:
3981:
3979:
3976:
3975:
3972:
3965:
3961:
3951:
3948:
3946:
3943:
3941:
3938:
3936:
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3909:
3906:
3904:
3901:
3899:
3896:
3894:
3891:
3890:
3889:
3886:
3884:
3881:
3879:
3876:
3874:
3871:
3870:
3867:
3860:
3856:
3834:
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3814:
3811:
3809:
3806:
3804:
3801:
3799:
3796:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3786:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3764:
3761:
3760:
3758:
3754:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3683:
3680:
3678:
3675:
3673:
3670:
3668:
3665:
3663:
3660:
3658:
3655:
3654:
3652:
3648:
3645:
3641:
3631:
3628:
3626:
3623:
3621:
3618:
3616:
3613:
3611:
3608:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3600:Montes Claros
3598:
3596:
3593:
3591:
3588:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3576:
3573:
3571:
3568:
3566:
3563:
3561:
3558:
3556:
3553:
3551:
3548:
3546:
3543:
3541:
3540:Vienna (1529)
3538:
3536:
3533:
3532:
3530:
3526:
3520:
3517:
3515:
3512:
3510:
3507:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3470:
3467:
3465:
3462:
3460:
3457:
3455:
3452:
3450:
3447:
3445:
3442:
3440:
3437:
3435:
3432:
3430:
3427:
3425:
3422:
3420:
3417:
3415:
3412:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3381:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3368:
3365:
3361:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3342:
3340:
3337:
3335:
3332:
3330:
3327:
3325:
3322:
3320:
3317:
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3307:
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3297:
3295:
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3290:
3287:
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3280:
3277:
3275:
3272:
3270:
3269:Hernán Cortés
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3261:Conquistadors
3258:
3252:
3249:
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3234:
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3231:Juan de Ayala
3229:
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3085:Duke of Savoy
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2884:Dollar (Peso)
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2591:Viceroyalties
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2196:South America
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2081:Spanish Texas
2078:
2074:
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2059:North America
2056:
2046:
2043:
2041:
2040:Franche-Comté
2038:
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2033:
2031:
2028:
2026:
2023:
2020:
2016:
2012:
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1267:Brunei revolt
1265:
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1232:Castilian War
1230:
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1086:
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868:
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840:
839:
831:
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825:, p. 35.
824:
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757:9789832643746
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732:967-65-3049-2
728:
724:
717:
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709:
707:967-65-3049-2
703:
699:
692:
689:
683:
681:
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678:empire at sea
674:
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513:Kota Serudong
510:
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498:
494:
490:
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:Castilian War
455:
452:
448:
444:
440:
437:
436:
431:
425:300 Bruneians
424:
421:
418:
416:200 Spaniards
415:
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410:
401:
400:
395:
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390:
376:
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137:Castilian War
135:
126:
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115:
112:February 2023
104:
101:
97:
94:
90:
87:
83:
80:
76:
73: –
72:
68:
67:Find sources:
61:
57:
51:
50:
45:This article
43:
39:
34:
33:
30:
19:
4271:World War II
4167:
4141:Early modern
3983:Architecture
3878:The Americas
3742:Newfoundland
3732:Túpac Katari
3722:Cuerno Verde
3657:Tenochtitlan
3489:Valenciennes
3246:Luis Fajardo
3115:Blas de Lezo
3060:Duke of Alba
2940:Spanish Road
2778:Buenos Aires
2687:Governorates
2456:Ayuntamiento
2449:Organization
1914:Carlist Wars
1806:
1762:Italian Wars
1603:Prostitution
1546:Demographics
1390:Human rights
1242:White Rajahs
1231:
1152:
1132:
1112:
1103:
1083:
1063:
1043:
1020:. Retrieved
1015:
1011:
1001:
989:. Retrieved
985:the original
978:
969:
957:
947:
943:
934:
929:
917:. Retrieved
913:the original
903:
898:, p. 33
891:
879:
865:
855:
837:
830:
818:
813:, p. 22
806:
794:. Retrieved
790:the original
780:
747:
741:
722:
716:
697:
691:
675:
667:
611:
580:
563:Saiful Rijal
537:
525:missionaries
506:
472:
468:
466:
458:17 men dead
438:
419:200 Mexicans
412:2,200 men:
411:
388:
372:
268:
267:
263:
242:Supported by
241:
213:
201:Belligerents
188:
118:
109:
99:
92:
85:
78:
66:
54:Please help
49:verification
46:
29:
18:Castille War
4313:Vietnam War
4242:Late modern
4134:Philippines
3950:Philippines
3915:El Salvador
3535:Capo d'Orso
3419:St. Quentin
3394:Rome (1527)
3053:Strategists
2803:Guadalajara
2730:New Navarre
2725:New Castile
2710:La Luisiana
2662:Puerto Rico
2652:Philippines
2609:New Granada
2299:Philippines
2260:(Uruguay),
2256:(Bolivia),
2206:New Granada
2146:Puerto Rico
2092: [
1962:Territories
1782:Encomiendas
1022:29 December
991:21 November
964:, p. 9
896:McAmis 2002
823:McAmis 2002
622:expeditions
546:peoples of
493:Maguindanao
445:pieces; 27
238:Maguindanao
4330:Categories
4308:Korean War
4288:Hukbalahap
4132:involving
3620:Somosierra
3610:Manila Bay
3484:Nördlingen
3424:Gravelines
2904:Columnario
2876:Currencies
2793:Concepción
2765:Audiencias
2740:New Toledo
2705:La Florida
2538:Corregidor
2502:Papal bull
2407:Antarctica
2315:Micronesia
1772:Golden Age
1566:Healthcare
1447:Parliament
1412:Government
1034:References
919:17 October
658:mujahideen
82:newspapers
4158:Bangkusay
3925:Nicaragua
3903:Guatemala
3813:Pichincha
3798:Chacabuco
3737:Pensacola
3682:Mataquito
3662:Cajamarca
3643:New World
3615:Trafalgar
3519:Alhucemas
3399:Landriano
3384:Comuneros
3370:Old World
3314:Joan Orpí
3034:Royalists
2808:Guatemala
2735:New Spain
2672:Venezuela
2647:Guatemala
2604:New Spain
2599:Columbian
2492:Exequatur
2392:Cape Juby
2246:Argentina
2069:New Spain
2003:Gibraltar
1767:Habsburgs
1576:Languages
1561:Education
1556:Ethnicity
1503:Transport
1488:Companies
1309:Districts
1282:Geography
766:cite book
664:Aftermath
650:Gujaratis
634:Egyptians
599:mulattoes
587:Filipinos
533:Indonesia
443:artillery
369:or
4303:Cold War
3935:Colombia
3920:Honduras
3833:Asomante
3818:Ayacucho
3808:Carabobo
3783:Curalaba
3560:Ceresole
3454:Gembloux
3414:Mühlberg
3129:Mariners
2987:Military
2909:Doubloon
2894:Maravedí
2838:Santiago
2745:Paraguay
2471:Germania
2311:Caroline
2266:Malvinas
2250:Paraguay
2210:Colombia
2152:Trinidad
2019:Sardinia
1859:Bourbons
1679:Category
1608:Religion
1551:Bruneian
1508:Airports
1430:Military
1380:Politics
1363:Politics
1334:Wildlife
1319:Villages
1206:articles
863:(1903).
654:Malabars
638:Swahilis
618:Ottomans
603:Mindanao
595:mestizos
571:Mohammed
548:Madja-as
529:Malaysia
453:captured
439:Unknown
428:40 ships
408:50 ships
397:Strength
174:Mindanao
165:Location
4218:Sumuroy
4193:Magalat
4067:Asiento
4038:Mustang
3898:Yucatán
3893:Chiapas
3773:Tucapel
3605:Passaro
3555:Algiers
3545:Preveza
3514:Tetouan
3509:Vitoria
3499:Bitonto
3439:Antwerp
3434:Lepanto
3389:Bicocca
2865:Economy
2788:Charcas
2783:Caracas
2677:Yucatán
2548:Regidor
2533:Alcalde
2461:Cabildo
2368:Tripoli
2307:Mariana
2254:Charcas
2230:(Peru,
2214:Ecuador
2177:Bonaire
2172:Curazao
2157:Jamaica
2085:Florida
1663:Outline
1627:Symbols
1571:Housing
1541:Culture
1536:Cuisine
1524:Society
1498:Tourism
1471:Economy
1425:Defence
1420:Cabinet
1329:Islands
1214:History
1018:(1): 23
847:4777019
796:4 March
646:Sindhis
642:Somalis
591:Luzones
544:Visayan
451:galleys
406:62 guns
389:†
373:†
96:scholar
4233:Cavite
4198:Igorot
4153:Dagami
4148:Mactan
4045:Castas
3803:Boyacá
3778:Guiana
3768:Iguape
3692:Recife
3630:Mactan
3625:Annual
3590:Rocroi
3585:Leiden
3570:Djerba
3504:Bailén
3459:Ostend
3444:Azores
3039:Legión
3004:Tercio
2997:Armies
2899:Escudo
2828:Panamá
2823:Mexico
2818:Manila
2773:Bogotá
2558:Vecino
2553:Syndic
2384:Béjaïa
2344:Africa
2330:Tidore
2218:Panama
2182:Belize
2089:Mexico
2015:Sicily
2011:Naples
1973:Europe
1639:Emblem
1634:Anthem
1457:Sultan
1324:Rivers
1314:Mukims
1299:Borneo
1294:Border
1204:
1202:Brunei
1160:
1140:
1120:
1091:
1071:
1051:
845:
754:
729:
704:
652:, and
540:Manila
491:, and
485:Brunei
275:
185:Result
176:, and
170:Borneo
98:
91:
84:
77:
69:
3940:Chile
3908:Petén
3883:Aztec
3702:Bahia
3677:Penco
3667:Cusco
3595:Downs
3575:Tunis
3494:Ceuta
3479:Breda
3429:Malta
3409:Tunis
3404:Pavia
2918:Trade
2833:Quito
2798:Cusco
2637:Chile
2372:Tunis
2319:Palau
2236:Chile
2167:Aruba
2162:Haiti
2096:]
2025:Milan
1983:Spain
1670:Index
1618:Sport
1591:Music
1581:Media
684:Notes
630:Turks
614:Malay
567:Moros
521:Luzon
447:ships
103:JSTOR
89:books
3945:Inca
3888:Maya
3823:Guam
3756:Lost
3528:Lost
3449:Mons
2889:Real
2813:Lima
2700:Cuba
2642:Cuba
2614:Perú
2390:and
2388:Ifni
2380:Oran
2303:Guam
2232:Acre
2228:Peru
2138:Cuba
2017:and
1644:Flag
1586:Film
1395:LGBT
1158:ISBN
1138:ISBN
1118:ISBN
1089:ISBN
1069:ISBN
1049:ISBN
1024:2015
993:2018
921:2009
843:OCLC
798:2010
772:link
752:ISBN
727:ISBN
702:ISBN
607:Sulu
605:and
552:Cebu
550:and
531:and
489:Sulu
467:The
449:and
441:170
178:Sulu
157:Date
75:news
3650:Won
3377:Won
2485:Law
2382:,
2102:),
2083:),
577:War
58:by
4332::
2386:,
2378:,
2374:,
2370:,
2366:,
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