425:
377:
465:
94:
457:
479:
69:
31:
45:
341:, appeared about 30 million years ago. Early Sulidae fossils most resembled the boobies, although they were more aquatic, with the gannets splitting off later, about 16 million years ago. The gannets evolved in the northern hemisphere, later colonising the southern oceans. The most ancient extant species may be the
313:
is pointed with fine serrations near the tip; perhaps because of the depth and speed of the gannet's dive when fishing (depending on altitude, gannets hit the water at speeds of between 40 and 120 km/h (25 and 75 mph)), its beak has no external nostrils into which the water might be forced.
389:
When seen in flight the snow-white body with the black tail, primaries and secondaries, and dark bill makes them easy to identify. At closer range the distinctive golden crown and nape, which gradually becomes white on the neck, is noticeable. Juveniles and immatures are dark brown with a pale bill,
586:
Numbers of Cape gannets at the
Namibian islands have declined considerably between 1956 and 2000 from 114,600 to 18,200 breeding pairs respectively, an 84% decrease in less than fifty years. This contrasts with the trends at the South African islands where numbers have increased about 4.3 times
447:
The hatchling is black, naked and blind, it weighs only about 70 g (2.5 oz), but within three weeks its body mass is one third of that of an adult. At eight weeks the chick outweighs the adult, and this remains so until it becomes a fledgling at 95–105 days of age.
444:, which soon becomes soiled. Both parents are actively involved in the incubation process which lasts for 42 to 46 days until hatching. Gannets use their foot webs to incubate the egg. The foot webs, which are richly irrigated with blood vessels are wrapped around the egg.
874:
408:
by the all-black tail, a longer black stripe down the throat (from underneath the beak) and more extensive black on the face, but all of these features are difficult to identify unless at close proximity. The Cape gannet is also very similar to the
622:
coast, well within the regular wintering range of the species. As a result, they recommended that the Cape gannet be deleted from the
Western Palearctic list. However, on 14 April 2016, a Cape gannet was photographed at sea off
618:, with the offshore Western Saharan location being the result of an attempt to correct this to a more plausible location. A retransposition of the original latitude and longitude gives a location off the
631:, but there is yet to be an accepted record in the Western Palearctic apart from the Azores record. One Spanish record from 1985 has been accepted as either a Cape gannet or an Australasian gannet.
1006:
Vol. 1: Non-passerines. Harrison, J. A. Allan, D. G., Underhill. L. G., Herremans, M., Tree, A.J., Parker, V. & Brown, C.J. (eds), pp. 28–29. BirdLife South Africa, Johannesburg.
437:
Gannet pairs may remain together over several seasons. They perform elaborate greeting rituals at the nest, stretching their bills and necks skywards and gently tapping bills together.
627:
in the Azores. The species has been discussed as a possible vagrant to
Britain and Ireland, and there have been a number of claimed sightings, including one in December 2020 off the
353:
suggests that the ancestor of the gannets arose around 2.5 million years ago before splitting into northern and southern lineages. The latter then splitting into the Cape and
602:
has been reported for the Cape gannet on several occasions, but until 2016 was believed to be unproven. Crochet and Haas examined the status of the species in the western
946:
2067:
910:
2106:
977:
2245:
483:
227:
2041:
2080:
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on the east coast. They seldom occur farther offshore than 100 km, though records of birds more than 200 km offshore exist for both the
2152:
800:
494:
Cape gannets are powerful fliers, using mainly a flap-gliding technique, which is more energy consuming than the dynamic-soaring favoured by
2260:
1090:
634:
Individuals have also been photographed in other locations far from the species' usual range, including off Peru in 1999 and Oman in 2004.
1038:
1989:
1050:
2255:
1027:
2265:
2204:
1044:
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in 1966. In relation to the latter bird, they conclude that a mistake had occurred; the original data placed the bird inland, in
73:
413:, but the latter differs from its entirely white tail and its wings, which are only black at the tip. It also is similar to the
2002:
938:
424:
376:
2085:
1011:
Proposal for inclusion of species in Annex 2 of the
Agreement on the Conservation of African-Eurasian Migratory Waterbirds (
753:
Patterson, S.A.; Morris-Pocock, J.A.; Friesen, V.L. (2011). "A multilocus phylogeny of the
Sulidae (Aves: Pelecaniformes)".
93:
1927:
900:
243:
2020:
2111:
397:
Adults are about 84–94 cm (33–37 in) long and have a 171–185 cm (67–73 in) wingspan and weigh
2033:
1533:
1668:
1563:
1083:
969:
1176:
610:, and analyse the single record which had hitherto been widely accepted, a juvenile recovered offshore from
464:
1914:
1841:
1543:
624:
607:
527:. They normally nest in large and dense colonies on flat islands or on flat ledges of the steeply sloping
357:
around 0.5 million years ago. The three gannets are generally considered to be separate species forming a
219:
218:
The breeding range of the Cape gannet is confined to six islands along the coast of
Southern Africa, viz.
1893:
2178:
1932:
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1604:
1538:
1186:
1181:
188:
1630:
709:
del Hoyo, Josep; Elliott, Andrew; Sargatal, Jordi; Christie, David A.; de Juana, Eduardo, eds. (2013).
675:
850:
Crochet, Pierre-André and Marcel Haas (2008). Western
Palearctic list update: deletion of Cape Gannet
2209:
2131:
1976:
1906:
1718:
1678:
1648:
1062:
1056:
696:
323:
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58:
2196:
1816:
1568:
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2072:
345:, possibly the sole survivor of an otherwise extinct separate lineage. A 2011 genetic study of
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1950:
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Cape gannets begin breeding in August or
September. Typically the clutch is a single bluish
1919:
1068:
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1599:
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1429:
1333:
1099:
516:
512:
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366:
231:
652:
535:. The world population was estimated in 1996 to number about 340,000 birds, with 12% in
2028:
2015:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1609:
1553:
1518:
1434:
1275:
837:
Paterson A.M. and N.J. Riddiford (1990). "Does the Cape Gannet Enter
European Waters?"
611:
599:
571:
563:
528:
498:. As all Sulids, they are fish-eating birds that plunge-dive from considerable height.
456:
239:
235:
478:
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223:
78:
30:
2121:
1955:
1765:
1755:
1709:
1528:
1280:
575:
548:
540:
524:
358:
2007:
1942:
606:. They list a number of historical claims which had not been accepted by national
562:
The non-breeding range of the Cape gannet extends from the coastal waters off the
2222:
2191:
2054:
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1780:
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1285:
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1117:
766:
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44:
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905:
567:
362:
145:
1994:
1864:
1738:
1523:
1462:
552:
495:
105:
774:
724:
559:, although the Cape species is never represented by more than a few pairs.
2144:
1858:
441:
125:
543:. The largest colony of this bird, with over 140,000 birds, is found on
2046:
1901:
1689:
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1401:
1247:
1219:
1153:
619:
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520:
330:
306:
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291:
155:
1888:
1415:
1366:
1324:
334:
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165:
115:
2059:
1968:
1835:
1963:
1621:
1479:
1390:
1374:
1261:
1236:
1142:
1125:
551:. Several birds have occasionally been found breeding on offshore
477:
463:
455:
423:
375:
338:
1981:
2157:
1012:
615:
472:
310:
305:
They are easily identified by their large size, black and white
135:
1839:
1460:
1364:
1217:
1115:
1072:
587:
during the same period, from 34,400 to 148,000 breeding pairs.
309:
and distinctive yellow crown and hindneck. The pale blue
1009:
du Toit, M. & Cooper, J. (2002). Cape Gannet. In:
38:
Cape gannet, Bird Island, Lamberts Bay, South Africa
1645:
361:, though they have also formerly been classified as
1848:
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1707:
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1619:
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1502:
1478:
1413:
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1322:
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676:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2018-2.RLTS.T22696668A132587992.en
1047:– Avian Demography Unit, University of Cape Town
901:"The top 10 Western Palearctic vagrants of 2016"
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8:
1836:
1484:
1475:
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1395:
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1361:
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1232:
1214:
1147:
1138:
1112:
1091:
1077:
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67:
43:
29:
20:
939:"Focus On: identification of Cape Gannet"
821:The Field Guide to the Birds of Australia
674:
970:"Review of the Week: 9-15 December 2020"
932:
930:
928:
873:(Report). Azores Bird Club. p. 22.
868:Azores Rare and Scarce Birds Report 2016
717:Handbook of the Birds of the World Alive
697:Beak Protects during Dives: Cape Gannet
643:
404:The Cape gannet is identified from the
980:from the original on 16 December 2020
949:from the original on 16 December 2020
913:from the original on 25 November 2020
880:from the original on 25 November 2020
795:. London: A&C Black. p. 18.
755:Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution
712:"Family Suildae: Gannets and boobies"
7:
2132:b23fc66e-9fb2-4c89-b99c-c2db50e1b82f
2034:32e9183e-30a3-4e5b-b5db-62b482e139e2
1788:(imperial cormorant, blue-eyed shag)
937:Garner, Martin (26 September 2007).
515:of the Cape gannet is restricted to
1039:The Atlas of Southern African Birds
1017:. Avian Demography Unit, Cape Town.
1004:The Atlas of Southern African Birds
662:IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
390:and can resemble the dark-coloured
326:described the Cape gannet in 1823.
1002:Crawford (1997). Cape Gannet. In:
14:
866:Alfrey, Peter; Legrand, Vincent.
2246:IUCN Red List endangered species
1051:Fact file with images and movies
566:on the west coast of Africa, to
92:
968:Viles, Sam (16 December 2020).
899:Jones, Josh (21 January 2017).
651:BirdLife International (2018).
507:Breeding and non-breeding range
1015:, an agreement under UNEP/CMS)
1:
1187:Christmas Island frigatebird
1057:"Beak protects during dives"
719:. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions.
2261:Birds of Sub-Saharan Africa
767:10.1016/j.ympev.2010.11.021
401:2.6 kg (5.7 lb).
257: Extant (non-breeding)
228:Bird Island (Lambert's Bay)
2282:
1063:"Spinning makes safe dive"
1487:
1474:
1456:
1398:
1385:
1360:
1244:
1231:
1213:
1150:
1137:
1111:
669:: e.T22696668A132587992.
269:
262:
230:in South Africa. And the
217:
213:
194:
187:
89:Scientific classification
87:
65:
56:
51:
42:
37:
28:
23:
16:Species of diving seabird
2256:Birds of Southern Africa
1669:Double-crested cormorant
1564:White-breasted cormorant
1030:– BirdLife International
819:; Knight, Frank (2007).
2266:Birds described in 1823
1612:(long-tailed cormorant)
1177:Magnificent frigatebird
608:bird records committees
555:islands, together with
502:Status and distribution
251: Extant (breeding)
220:Bird Island (Algoa Bay)
1741:(Magellanic cormorant)
1571:(Temminck's cormorant)
1544:Little black cormorant
1106:(Phalacrocoraciformes)
725:10.2173/bow.sulida1.01
523:and three islands off
491:
475:
461:
429:
381:
52:Cape gannet in flight
2179:Paleobiology Database
1750:New Zealand king shag
1605:Little pied cormorant
1539:Black-faced cormorant
1182:Ascension frigatebird
519:in three islands off
481:
467:
459:
427:
380:Close-up of the head
379:
2029:Fauna Europaea (new)
1719:Red-legged cormorant
1679:Flightless cormorant
1649:Spectacled cormorant
1469:: Phalacrocoracidae)
1373:: Anhingidae ·
1124:: Fregatidae ·
557:Australasian gannets
482:Cape gannet colony,
355:Australasian gannets
324:Hinrich Lichtenstein
1674:Neotropic cormorant
1641:Red-faced cormorant
1440:Australasian darter
1344:Australasian gannet
1220:Gannets and boobies
460:Cape gannet landing
406:Australasian gannet
59:Conservation status
1817:South Georgia shag
1752:(rough-faced shag)
1631:Brandt's cormorant
1569:Japanese cormorant
1197:Lesser frigatebird
827:. pp. 102–03.
492:
476:
462:
430:
382:
322:German naturalist
2233:
2232:
2166:Open Tree of Life
1842:Taxon identifiers
1833:
1832:
1829:
1828:
1825:
1824:
1792:Heard Island shag
1636:Pelagic cormorant
1590:Crowned cormorant
1514:Socotra cormorant
1498:
1497:
1452:
1451:
1448:
1447:
1409:
1408:
1356:
1355:
1352:
1351:
1271:Blue-footed booby
1255:
1254:
1209:
1208:
1205:
1204:
1192:Great frigatebird
1161:
1160:
1028:Species factsheet
802:978-1-4081-3857-1
582:Population trends
415:blue-footed booby
394:at first glance.
351:mitochondrial DNA
278:
277:
244:Possession Island
206:Lichtenstein, MHC
82:
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1745:Guanay cormorant
1647:
1595:Little cormorant
1549:Indian cormorant
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1458:
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1362:
1291:Red-footed booby
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1215:
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789:Nelson, J. Bryan
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604:Palearctic realm
598:to the northern
256:
250:
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180:M. capensis
97:
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76:
71:
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33:
21:
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2140:Observation.org
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1844:
1834:
1821:
1723:
1703:
1683:
1653:
1615:
1600:Pygmy cormorant
1574:
1559:Great cormorant
1494:
1470:
1444:
1430:Oriental darter
1405:
1381:
1348:
1334:Northern gannet
1318:
1300:
1251:
1227:
1201:
1157:
1133:
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1024:
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997:Further reading
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841:83(12):519–526.
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517:southern Africa
509:
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428:Greeting ritual
411:northern gannet
387:
367:northern gannet
320:
258:
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232:Penguin Islands
209:
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91:
83:
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68:
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17:
12:
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5:
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2258:
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2237:
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2223:Morus-capensis
2214:
2201:
2188:
2175:
2162:
2149:
2136:
2126:
2116:
2103:
2090:
2077:
2064:
2051:
2038:
2025:
2016:Fauna Europaea
2012:
1999:
1986:
1973:
1960:
1947:
1937:
1924:
1911:
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1894:morus-capensis
1885:
1880:Morus capensis
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1850:Morus capensis
1846:
1845:
1840:
1831:
1830:
1827:
1826:
1823:
1822:
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1819:
1814:
1812:Macquarie shag
1809:
1807:Kerguelen shag
1804:
1802:Antarctic shag
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1610:Reed cormorant
1607:
1602:
1597:
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1561:
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1554:Cape cormorant
1551:
1546:
1541:
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1534:Pied cormorant
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1526:
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1519:Bank cormorant
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1471:
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1454:
1453:
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1449:
1446:
1445:
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1442:
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1435:African darter
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1349:
1347:
1346:
1341:
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1328:
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1319:
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1316:
1314:Abbott's booby
1310:
1308:
1302:
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1298:
1293:
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1276:Peruvian booby
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1022:External links
1020:
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992:
991:
960:
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891:
858:
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830:
817:Pizzey, Graham
808:
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655:Morus capensis
642:
641:
639:
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612:Western Sahara
600:Atlantic Ocean
592:
589:
583:
580:
564:Gulf of Guinea
529:Mercury Island
508:
505:
503:
500:
490:, South Africa
469:Morus capensis
453:
450:
434:
431:
386:
383:
343:Abbott's booby
319:
316:
287:Morus capensis
276:
275:
267:
266:
260:
259:
253:
247:
240:Ichaboe Island
236:Mercury Island
215:
214:
211:
210:
203:
198:Morus capensis
192:
191:
185:
184:
177:
175:
171:
170:
163:
159:
158:
153:
149:
148:
143:
139:
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133:
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113:
109:
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99:
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85:
84:
66:
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57:
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49:
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40:
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35:
34:
26:
25:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2278:
2267:
2264:
2262:
2259:
2257:
2254:
2252:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2224:
2219:
2215:
2211:
2206:
2202:
2198:
2193:
2189:
2185:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2167:
2163:
2159:
2154:
2150:
2146:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2127:
2123:
2117:
2113:
2108:
2104:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2087:
2082:
2078:
2074:
2069:
2065:
2061:
2056:
2052:
2048:
2043:
2039:
2035:
2030:
2026:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2004:
2000:
1996:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1974:
1970:
1965:
1961:
1957:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1938:
1934:
1929:
1925:
1921:
1916:
1912:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1895:
1890:
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1838:
1818:
1815:
1813:
1810:
1808:
1805:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1795:
1793:
1790:
1787:
1786:Imperial shag
1784:
1782:
1779:
1777:
1776:Campbell shag
1774:
1772:
1771:Auckland shag
1769:
1767:
1764:
1762:
1759:
1757:
1754:
1751:
1748:
1746:
1743:
1740:
1737:
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1732:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1716:
1714:
1712:
1711:
1706:
1700:
1699:European shag
1697:
1696:
1694:
1692:
1691:
1686:
1680:
1677:
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1672:
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1527:
1525:
1522:
1520:
1517:
1515:
1512:
1511:
1509:
1507:
1506:
1505:Phalacrocorax
1501:
1493:
1492:
1486:
1483:
1481:
1477:
1473:
1468:
1464:
1459:
1455:
1441:
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1426:
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1412:
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1397:
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1368:
1363:
1359:
1345:
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1332:
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1327:
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1315:
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1297:
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1279:
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1234:
1230:
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1221:
1216:
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1198:
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1190:
1188:
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1164:
1156:
1155:
1149:
1146:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1131:
1127:
1123:
1119:
1114:
1110:
1105:
1101:
1094:
1089:
1087:
1082:
1080:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1046:
1043:
1041:
1040:
1035:
1032:
1029:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1016:
1014:
1008:
1005:
1001:
1000:
996:
979:
975:
971:
964:
961:
948:
944:
940:
933:
931:
929:
925:
912:
908:
907:
902:
895:
892:
876:
869:
862:
859:
855:
854:
853:Dutch Birding
847:
844:
840:
839:British Birds
834:
831:
826:
825:HarperCollins
822:
818:
812:
809:
804:
798:
794:
790:
784:
781:
776:
772:
768:
764:
761:(2): 181–91.
760:
756:
749:
746:
734:
730:
726:
722:
718:
713:
705:
702:
698:
693:
690:
677:
672:
668:
664:
663:
658:
656:
647:
644:
637:
635:
632:
630:
629:Isle of Wight
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
601:
597:
590:
588:
581:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
546:
545:Malgas Island
542:
538:
534:
530:
526:
522:
518:
514:
511:The breeding
506:
501:
499:
497:
489:
488:Lambert's Bay
485:
480:
474:
470:
466:
458:
451:
449:
445:
443:
438:
432:
426:
422:
420:
419:Sula nebouxii
416:
412:
407:
402:
400:
395:
393:
384:
378:
374:
372:
371:Sula bassanus
368:
364:
360:
356:
352:
348:
344:
340:
336:
332:
327:
325:
317:
315:
312:
308:
303:
301:
297:
293:
290:) is a large
289:
288:
283:
274:
273:
272:Sula capensis
268:
265:
261:
245:
241:
237:
233:
229:
225:
224:Malgas Island
221:
216:
212:
207:
201:
199:
193:
190:
189:Binomial name
186:
182:
181:
176:
173:
172:
169:
168:
164:
161:
160:
157:
154:
151:
150:
147:
144:
141:
140:
137:
134:
131:
130:
127:
124:
121:
120:
117:
114:
111:
110:
107:
104:
101:
100:
95:
90:
86:
80:
75:
64:
60:
55:
50:
46:
41:
36:
32:
27:
22:
19:
1849:
1766:Chatham shag
1756:Foveaux shag
1728:
1710:Poikilocarbo
1708:
1688:
1658:
1620:
1579:
1529:Spotted shag
1503:
1489:
1414:
1400:
1377:
1338:
1323:
1305:
1281:Masked booby
1260:
1246:
1166:
1152:
1129:
1118:Frigatebirds
1065:– Ask Nature
1059:– Ask Nature
1037:
1034:Species text
1010:
1003:
982:. Retrieved
973:
963:
951:. Retrieved
942:
915:. Retrieved
904:
894:
882:. Retrieved
861:
856:30(2):103–4.
851:
846:
838:
833:
820:
811:
792:
783:
758:
754:
748:
736:. Retrieved
716:
704:
692:
680:. Retrieved
666:
660:
654:
646:
633:
594:
585:
561:
549:South Africa
541:South Africa
525:South Africa
510:
493:
468:
446:
439:
436:
418:
403:
398:
396:
388:
370:
359:superspecies
328:
321:
304:
286:
285:
281:
279:
271:
270:
246:in Namibia.
197:
195:
179:
178:
166:
24:Cape gannet
18:
2192:SeaLifeBase
2122:cape-gannet
2055:iNaturalist
1874:Wikispecies
1797:Crozet shag
1781:Bounty shag
1660:Nannopterum
1339:Cape gannet
1296:Brown booby
1286:Nazca booby
984:16 December
953:16 December
917:25 November
884:25 November
699:, AskNature
539:and 88% in
496:albatrosses
484:Bird Island
385:Description
282:Cape gannet
2240:Categories
2218:Xeno-canto
1761:Otago shag
1730:Leucocarbo
1581:Microcarbo
1463:Cormorants
1226:: Sulidae)
1104:Suliformes
1045:Fact sheet
974:Birdguides
943:Birdguides
906:Birdguides
793:The Gannet
638:References
568:Mozambique
553:Australian
363:subspecies
146:Suliformes
74:Endangered
1739:Rock shag
1524:Pitt shag
791:(2010) .
733:216477098
174:Species:
112:Kingdom:
106:Eukaryota
2099:22696668
2073:10967594
1982:45512150
1920:22696668
1915:BirdLife
1859:Wikidata
1306:Papasula
1053:– ARKive
978:Archived
947:Archived
911:Archived
875:Archived
775:21144905
682:15 March
620:Namibian
596:Vagrancy
591:Vagrancy
578:Oceans.
572:Atlantic
433:Breeding
318:Taxonomy
298:family,
264:Synonyms
152:Family:
126:Chordata
122:Phylum:
116:Animalia
102:Domain:
79:IUCN 3.1
2251:Gannets
2047:2480963
1969:capgan1
1943:capgan1
1902:Avibase
1865:Q923985
1690:Gulosus
1491:Species
1425:Anhinga
1416:Anhinga
1402:Species
1378:Anhinga
1367:Darters
1248:Species
1168:Fregata
1154:Species
1130:Fregata
537:Namibia
533:Namibia
521:Namibia
452:Feeding
392:boobies
365:of the
347:nuclear
339:boobies
335:gannets
331:Sulidae
307:plumage
300:Sulidae
294:of the
292:seabird
208:, 1823)
162:Genus:
156:Sulidae
142:Order:
132:Class:
77: (
2210:221026
2184:372753
2171:403802
2158:221026
2129:NZOR:
2119:NZBO:
2086:561224
2003:EURING
1995:100704
1889:ARKive
1467:family
1371:family
1224:family
1122:family
799:
773:
738:19 May
731:
625:Flores
576:Indian
333:, the
296:gannet
255:
249:
226:, and
2205:WoRMS
2197:81078
2145:73399
2112:57657
2068:IRMNG
2021:96616
2008:33300
1990:EUNIS
1964:eBird
1956:44FQN
1940:BOW:
1933:95616
1622:Urile
1480:Genus
1391:Genus
1375:genus
1325:Morus
1237:Genus
1143:Genus
1126:genus
1100:Order
878:(PDF)
871:(PDF)
729:S2CID
513:range
167:Morus
2153:OBIS
2107:NCBI
2094:IUCN
2081:ITIS
2060:3803
2042:GBIF
1928:BOLD
1262:Sula
1013:AEWA
986:2020
955:2020
919:2020
886:2020
797:ISBN
771:PMID
740:2018
684:2022
667:2018
616:Chad
574:and
531:off
473:MHNT
349:and
337:and
329:The
311:bill
280:The
242:and
136:Aves
1977:EoL
1951:CoL
763:doi
721:doi
671:doi
442:egg
421:).
399:ca.
234:of
2242::
2220::
2207::
2194::
2181::
2168::
2155::
2142::
2109::
2096::
2083::
2070::
2057::
2044::
2031::
2018::
2005::
1992::
1979::
1966::
1953::
1930::
1917::
1904::
1891::
1876::
1861::
1128::
1102::
1036:–
976:.
972:.
945:.
941:.
927:^
909:.
903:.
823:.
769:.
759:58
757:.
727:.
715:.
665:.
659:.
547:,
486:,
471:–
373:).
302:.
238:,
222:,
1646:†
1465:(
1380:)
1369:(
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1132:)
1120:(
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1078:v
988:.
957:.
921:.
888:.
805:.
777:.
765::
742:.
723::
686:.
673::
657:"
653:"
417:(
369:(
284:(
204:(
81:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
